Unit 3 – A Turbulent Time

1625-1798

Names and Terms to Know

Charles I

Parliament

Oliver Cromwell

Puritans

Restoration

Glorious Revolution

Enlightenment

Age of Reason

Look at the timeline on page 422…

Identify the key political events of the age.

What trend in publishing characterizes the era?

Historical Background

Charles I and Parliament – frequently clashed over money, he dissolved it and didn’t call them into session for 11 years

Had issues with religious due to trying to get them to conform

Civil War – Cromwell defeated the royalist army and took Charles as prisoner, he was beheaded

New government was known as the English Commonwealth he was named Lord Protector and was a virtual dictator

When Cromwell died Charles II was crown

He promoted composers and painters

James II was his successor was a devout Catholic

Parliament invited his Protestant daughter Mary to rule with her husband William of Orange

James escaped to France and this was known as the Glorious Revolution because no blood was shed

Bill of Rights – limited constitutional monarchy

Conservatives, aristocratic Tories and the merchant class Whigs

The beginning of the Industrial Revolution

Steam engine, loom – economic revolution increased Britain's wealth

The Enlightenment – through reason and observation of nature, human beings could discover the order underlying all things

Sir Isaac Newton

Mills and factories and poor working conditions were prevalent

Literature of the Period

Jonson – strove for perfection and harmony in the classical authors

Donne – Metaphysical poetry (unusual degree of intellectualism) new, witty, cerebral style

Puritan Writers – John Milton – Calvinist educated in Greek and Latin, studied the Old Testament, epic Paradise Lost

John Bunyan The Pilgrim’s Progress an allegory

Dryden – From 1660 to 1700 (Restoration) poet laurate focused on the achievements of humanity

Restoration Theater – noted for comedies

Alexander Pope – neoclassical style, exhibiting wit, elegance, and moderation The Rape of Lock

Jonathon Swift – Gulliver’s Travels critical of the merchant class

Other authors = Defoe, Addison, Steele, and Johnson

1800s will be an age of the language of everyday life, realistic