Nachhaltigkeit in der Informatik und durch die Informatik · 05.12.2011 2 Institut für Informatik Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum 40. Geburtstag der Informatik an der Uni Hamburg! 18.11.11,

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Institut für Informatik

Nachhaltigkeit in der Informatik und durch die Informatik

Prof. Dr. Lorenz Hilty

Forschungsgruppe Informatik und Nachhaltigkeit Institut für Informatik Universität Zürich

Abteilung Technologie und Gesellschaft Empa, Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt St.Gallen, Schweiz


Nachhaltige Nutzung

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"Ein System nachhaltig nutzen" bedeutet,

das System so zu nutzen, dass es in seinen wesentlichen Funktionen langfristig erhalten bleibt.

Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum 40. Geburtstag der Informatik an der Uni Hamburg! 18.11.11, Lorenz Hilty

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Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum 40. Geburtstag der Informatik an der Uni Hamburg! 18.11.11, Lorenz Hilty 3

ICT as part of the solution

Technology

Application

Societal change

Optimization effects

Substitution effects

Making more from less

Deep structural change toward a

dematerialized economy

3rd order effects [systemic]

2nd order effects [indirect]

1st order effects [direct]

enables

enables

Production

Use

End-of-life treatment

Life cycle of ICT hardware

ICT as part of the problem

Induction effects

Rebound effects

New critical infrastructure

Source: Hilty, L. M.: Information Technology and Sustainability. Essays on the Relationship between ICT and Sustainable Development. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2008, ISBN: 9783837019704




Technology

Application

Societal change









enables

enables

Production

Use




Induction effects

Rebound effects



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Computations per kilowatt-hour. Doubling time is 1.57 years (1946-2009) (Koomey et al., 2011).

Computations/second per computer. Doubling time is 1.5 years for personal computers (1975-2009) (Koomey et al. 2011).


Energy

ICT Production

Energy

Materials

ICT Disposal

Energy

Secondary Materials

ICT Use

ICT Service


Sustainability of materials supply?

Sustainability of recycling and final disposal?

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Sustainability of energy supply?

ICT Life Cycle

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Material Input

In the 1980ies, a PC microprocessor contained only 12 elements.

25 years later, 57 elements were used to build a PC microprocessor.

Source: National Research Council 2008


Source: Behrendt et al. 2007


Energy

ICT Production

Energy

Materials

ICT Disposal

Energy

Secondary Materials

ICT Use

ICT Service


Sustainability of materials supply?

Sustainability of recycling and final disposal?

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Sustainability of energy supply?

ICT Life Cycle

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Recycling


E-waste Recycling in Cape Town, South Africa

Source: Empa


Source: Empa

Source: Empa

Recycling E-waste Recycling in Guiyu, China

Source: Empa


Source: BAN

Source: BAN

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Recycling


E-waste Recycling in Delhi, India

Source: Empa Source: Empa



Informal Recycling


Manual extraction of copper from printed wiring boards in Delhi, India. Typical backyard company with 12 workers. Yield: 1-2 tons/month

Source: Empa

Copper Extraction Process

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Informal Recycling


Gold Extraction Process

http://ewasteguide.info




Technology

Application

Societal change








enables

enables

Production

Use




Induction effects

Rebound effects




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Virtuelle Meetings?



Source: Empa


Substitution Example: One conference on two continents

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Full HD picture of the presentation and of the presenter pointing on content


Source: Empa



Speaker Has Eye Contact to Remote Audience

Source: Empa



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Source: Empa


Source: Empa

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The route from Switzerland to Japan, over the Atlantic, continental US, and the Pacific, with a total fiber optic length of 29,175km.

Source: Coroama, Hilty et al. 2012

8 Full HD Video Connections

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CO2 emissions

participants

kg C

O2/p

artic

ipan

t

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0

700

800

two-site conference 119 t CO2

Davos-only conference 235 t CO2

Nagoya-only conference 189 t CO2




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000

Cum

ulat

ed p

ower

[W

]

Distance from Davos [km]

Cumulated power demand for a 20 Mbit Internet connection Davos-Nagoya.

Energy demand of Internet Transmission

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Energy demand of Internet Transmission


derived from Koomey et al. 2004

derived from Taylor and Koomey 2008

derived from Pickavet et al. 2008

Coroama, Hilty et al. 2012

136 kWh/GByte

8.8 - 24.3 kWh/GByte

1.8 kWh/GByte

0.15 kWh/GByte

Estimates of energy per data transmitted




Technology

Application

Societal change








enables

enables

Production

Use




Induction effects

Rebound effects




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Biofuels

Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum 40. Geburtstag der Informatik an der Uni Hamburg! 18.11.11, Lorenz Hilty 25 Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum 40. Geburtstag der Informatik an der Uni Hamburg! 18.11.11, Lorenz Hilty

Wie kann Informatik den Vollzug von Umwelt- und Klimapolitik optimieren?


Sustainability Quick Check for Biofuels: www.sqcb.org

26 Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum 40. Geburtstag der Informatik an der Uni Hamburg! 18.11.11, Lorenz Hilty

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Sustainability Quick Check for Biofuels: www.sqcb.org



Umweltinformatik: Beispiel (Fortsetzung)

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Rapeseed, your values

Fossil reference

Global Warming Potential

Environmental Impact


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Umweltinformatik: Beispiel (Fortsetzung)

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Fossil reference

Global Warming Potential

Environmental Impact


Fossil reference

Environmental Environmental Impact

Zugriffe



Was machen wir hier?

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•! Greening through IT? "…how the tools and techniques of information technology (IT) can help us tackle environmental problems" (Bill Tomlinson, UCI, 2010)

•! Sustainable HCI? "…how sustainability can be taken into account when designing technology, and how novel technology can be used to support and encourage sustainable behaviors on the part of users" (Elaine Huang, 2011)

•! Integrated Sustainable Development – Requirements Engineering for Sustainable Systems: "Software can play a major role in enabling and optimizing sustainability… for example, for optimizing energy and resource efficiency" (Masdar Institute, 2011)

•! Computational Sustainability?: "…an interdisciplinary field that aims to apply techniques from computer science, information science, operations research, applied mathematics, and statistics for balancing environmental, economic, and societal needs for sustainable development. (ICS, 2008)


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Technology

Application

Societal change









enables

enables

Production

Use




Induction effects

Rebound effects



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Decoupling

Source: Decoupling Natural Resource Use and Environmental Impacts from Economic Growth. UNEP 2011

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2

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Konferenz: ICT for Sustainability 14.-16.02.2013, Zürich www.ict4s.org

Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!

[email protected] www.ifi.uzh.ch/isr

Documents

Nachhaltigkeit in der Informatik und durch die Informatik · 05.12.2011 2 Institut für Informatik Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum 40. Geburtstag der Informatik an der Uni Hamburg! 18.11.11,