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Neonatal, Infant, Child and Mothers Health Family Health

N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

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N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health. دستاوردهای جهانیان در حمایت از حقوق کودکان و تحقق استعدادهای انسان را بیشتر می توان با بلندی قد کودکان سنجید تا ارتفاع آسمانخراشها . گزارش پیشرفت ملتها2000 یونیسف. اهداف. تعریف خانواده و انواع آن اهمیت پرداختن به بهداشت خانواده - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Neonatal, Infant, Child and Mothers Health

Family Health

Page 2: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

از • حمایت در جهانیان دس��تاوردهایاستعدادهای تحق��ق و کودکان حقوق

ب�ا توان م�ی بیشت�ر را قد انس�ان بلندیآسمانخراشها کودکان ارتفاع تا .سنجید

ملتها پیشرفت یونیسف 2000گزارش

Page 3: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

اهدافآن • انواع و خانواده تعریفخانواده • بهداشت به پرداختن اهمیتخانواده • بهداشت تعریفخانواده • بهداشت مختلف های برنامه و وظایف

Page 4: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

خانواده بعنوان اولي&ن و اس&اسي تري&ن نهاد اجتماع&ي، خانواده•

عبارت اس&ت از تجم&ع مشترك دو ي&ا چن&د نف&ر ك&ه ب&ه واس&طه س&ببي ي&ا نس&بي ب&ا ه&م رابط&ه زيس&ت شناخت&ي داشت&ه و زي&ر ي&ك س&قف زندگ&ي م&ي كنن&د و متشك&ل از وال&&د ي&&ا والدي&&ن و فرزندان آنان م&&ي باش&&د و س&&المت افراد تح&ت تأثي&ر اص&ول، ارتباطات، تكام&ل اجتماع&ي && شراي&&ط اقتص&&ادي و فرهنگ&&ي آ&&ن قرار م&&ي گيرند. اعضاء خانواده، مجموع&&&&&ه اي از ژ&&&&&ن هاي مشترك هس&&تند و ب&&ه عنوان واحدي فرهنگ&&ي، منعك&&س كننده فرهن&&گ اجتماع بزرگت&&ر م&&ي باشند. همچني&&ن خانواده واحدي اپيدميولوژيك&&&ي و واحدي براي فراه&&&م كردن خدمات اجتماع&ي و مراقب&ت هاي جام&ع پزشك&ي اس&ت. چگونگي تأثير خانواده بر افراد و يا بالعكس با توجه به تغييرات ط&&&&بيعي تكام&&&&ل افراد در طول زندگ&&&&ي و آشناي&ي ب&ا عوام&ل خط&ر در خانواده بيشت&ر مشخ&ص م&ي

گردد.

Page 5: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

خانواده اولي&ن محي&ط اجتماع&ي اس&ت ك&ه فرد در •آ&&ن قرار م&&ي گيرد و از آ&&ن تاثي&&ر، م&&ي پذيرد و اي&ن تاثيرپذيري م&ي توان&د از طري&ق بيولوژيك&ي و ي&ا رفتاري باشد. تاثي&ر بيولوژيك&ي خانواده فرد را ممك&ن اس&ت مس&تعد ابتالء ب&ه بيماري نماي&د مانن&د افس&&ردگي؛ كانس&&رها و ي&&ا تاثي&&ر رفتاري مانن&&د پرخوري، عدم تحّرك، اعتياد و الكليس&&&&&&&&م از

طريق الگوي والدين داشته باشد.

Page 6: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

خانواده چرخه

خانواده ه&&&&&ا پايدار نيس&&&&&تند و همواره درحال •تغييرند

Page 7: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health
Page 8: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

خانواده انواعتنوع ارتباطات افراد، منج&ر ب&ه تشكي&ل انواع خانواده گرديده اس&ت هنوز در •

اكثر جوامع خانواده سنتي تك هسته اي معمول ترين نوع مي باشد.واحدهاي خانواده در س&&رتاسر دني&&ا شك&&ل هاي متفاوت&&ي دارند. دانشمندان •

علوم اجتماعي سه نوع خانواده را به شرح زير، تع&ريف ك&رده اند :(Nuclear Family) � خانواده هسته اي 1•خانواده هس&ته اي ي&ا اوّلي&ه در تمام جوام&ع انس&اني، مشترك اس&ت و شام&ل •

زوجي&ن و كودكان وابس&ته آنه&ا م&ي شود. مس&ئوليت تربي&ت ب&ه عهده والدي&ن بوده و رابطه زوجين، صميمي است.

(Extended Family � خانواده گسترده )2•يك&ي از راي&ج تري&ن نوع خانواده در خاور دور و خاور ميان&ه اس&ت و بيشت&ر در •

مناط&ق زراع&ي روس&تائي، مرس&وم اس&ت. ب&ه طوري ك&ه چن&د خانواده ب&ا رابط&ه خون&ي بي&ن مرده&ا باه&م زندگ&ي م&ي كنن&د، قدرت در دس&ت مرد س&الخورده فامي&&ل اس&&ت، رواب&&ط فاميل&&ي بر رواب&&ط زناشوئ&&ي، ارج&&ح م&&ي باش&&د و

مسئوليت ها تقسيم شده است. � خانواده سه نسلي3•خانواده اي ك&ه افراد جوان ب&ه دلي&ل نبودن امكانات ب&ا نس&ل هاي قبل&ي خود ب&ه •

طور موقت زندگي مي كنند.بديه&ي اس&ت ك&ه انواع مشروع و نامشروع ديگري از خانواده ني&ز وجود دارد •

به آن ها اشاره شده است.2كه در جدول

Page 9: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

خانواده 2جدول انواع &

Page 10: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

خانواده بهداشت

مراح&ل • باي&د خانواده بهداش&ت ب&ه دس&تيابي برايو خانواده در خطرآفري&ن عوام&ل تكام&ل، مختل&ف . شناخت را خانواده س&&&المت بر موث&&&ر عوام&&&ل

شك&ل در خانواده بهداش&ت كل&ي نشان 1شماي . است شده داده

Page 11: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health
Page 12: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

زندگي مختلف مراحلتكامل&&ي • فرآين&&د در وس&&يع هاي تفاوت وجود ب&&ا

در موارد اكث&ر در مشخص&ي مشترك وجوه افراد،ب&ه مراح&ل اي&ن لذا و دارد وجود زندگ&ي 6مراح&ل

و : شيرخوارگ&&&ي شود م&&&ي بندي طبق&&&ه دورهاز ميانس&الي، جوان&ي، نوجوان&ي، و بلوغ كودك&ي،

. پيري و كارافتادگي

Page 13: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

• Women & children make 70% of developing countries population

• The 10.6 million annual child deaths are not distributed evenly over the 0-4 year age period

• More than 70% of all child deaths occur in the first year of life

• And of these … nearly 40% occur in the first month of life (the neonatal period)

Page 14: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

• More than 42% of total mortality occurs in under 5 children.

• Family planning decrease MMR at least 25%• When IMR decreases, desire for child bearing

decreases

Page 15: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

• Only 2 WHO regions account for more than 70% of all under-five deaths:

42% in the African region 29% in South-east Asia region

• Only 6 countries account for 50% of all child deaths (2002 data):

India (Sear)Nigeria (Afr)China (Wpr)Pakistan (Emr)Ethiopia (Afr)DR Congo (Afr)

Page 16: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

What are under-fives dying of?(excluding neonatal causes of death)

• Pneumonia• Diarrhoea• Malaria• Measles• HIV/AIDS

} ~ 50%

Malnutrition contributes to more than half of all under-five deaths

Page 17: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

What are neonates dying of?

• Preterm births• Severe infection• Asphyxia• Congenital anomalies• Tetanus

} ~ 75%

Page 18: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

What are mothers dying of?

• Pregnancy related bleeding• Pregnancy related infections• Pregnancy related hypertention

Page 19: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Progress has been variable

• Neonatal mortality has fallen at a lower rate than post-neonatal or early child mortality

• Relatively greater progress has been made in some regions and countries

e.g. neonatal mortality is now 58% lower in high income countries than in 1983, compared to 14% reduction in low/ middle income countries

• Large variations in mortality rates exist even within the same country

Page 20: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

About half of child deaths occur in the neonatal period

Day % U5 deaths

1st day 20By 3rd day 25By 7th day 37

By 28th day 503.1

10

12.6

2.8

2.8

5.5

6.2

10.2

7.3

39.3

74.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Week 4

Week 3

Week 2

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

Week 1

Percent (%)

When do neonates die?

Page 21: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

• In a developing country, pregnancy related maternal mortality is 38 times more than a developing one.

• Every minute in the world, a young woman dies from pregnancy related causes.(585000 annually)

• Unplanned and wrongly-spaced pregnancies – compensation of mother,s reservoirs,– the opportunity to take care of child

• The ultimate result is child mortality

Page 22: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

• Crowded family: – higher chidren,s malnutrition, cost of family food– Lower protein & energy and food per capita

• Increase in birth order: decrease in IQ and mental capacity

• Doubling time of population – Developing: 20-40 years– Developed: 583 years

• In Iran as other developing countries marriage rate is very high– 1375 census: more than 45 year old never married

• Men 1.7 %• Women 1.6 %

Page 23: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

• Annual estimated unsafe abortion worldwide: 20 million leads to 76000 young women death mostly in developing countries. Family planning prevents most of these deaths.

• Without assessment of pregnancy and essential care leading to maternal and child mortality or irreversible complications.

• lactation: lower rate of pregnancy, child health

Page 24: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

• In Iran, despite family planning activities – 24% of pregnancies are unwanted.– Only 50% of OCP users, use it correctly.

Page 25: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health
Page 26: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Definition• Family health

– Major theme of it is promotion of the quality of life considering family as a unit.

Page 27: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Duties & Programmes of family health office of ministry of health

• Mothers• Children• Family planning• Nutrition improvement• Women and Elderly• School health( office of adolescents

health and school health)

Page 28: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Mothers• Health care before, during & after delivery• Health education• Healthy neonate during first 10 days of life• Safe motherhood

– Safe delivery– Maternal mortality– LBW– Premature delivery– MAMAROOSTA

Page 29: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Children• IMCI( Integrated Management of Childhood

Illnesses)– - مانا اطفال های ناخوشی یافته ادغام مراقبتهایسالم – كودك

• Health care of under 6 y/o children– Height, weight, growth monitoring, nutrition

education, vaccination, solid foods, control & treatment of infectious diseases

• Neonatal care• Breast feeding

Page 30: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Family planning

• Increasing quality & quantity of modern contraception

Page 31: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Nutrition improvement• Prevention of malnutrition, IDA, IDD

– IDA: 30% under 5 & female adolescents, 20-50% pregnant women

– 1.4% of worldwide mortality( 0.8 million) is related to IDA– Objective: prevention of IDA in 15-49 y/o female and under 5

children.• Education of healthy nutrition in community

– 1374: 16% of under 5 moderate & severe malnutrition.– 1377: 13.7% rural & 9.6% of urban children moderate &

severe malnutrition.• Controlling parasitic and infectious

diseases( preparing the situation for malnutrition)

Page 32: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

women

• Prevalent cancers: Breast, Cervix– screening: BSE, CBE, Mamography, Pap

smear

Page 33: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Elderly

• WHO: in 2050 1 in 5 of world population will be elderly.

• Iran– 1375: 4.1%– 1378: 5%– 1385: 5.2%– 1390: 5.7%– 1400 estimation: 10 million more than 60

y/o

Page 34: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Drugs

• IMCI, family planning, complementary drugs for children

Page 35: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health

Key messages

• Maternal and newborn care and support is essential to achieve a substantial reduction in neonatal mortality

• Improving child survival requires coordinated action between maternal and child health, and other programme areas (e.g. EPI, NUT, RBM, HIV)

• IMCI is an effective delivery strategy for multiple child survival interventions

• For substantive impact, strong community component must accompany the health system strengthening

Page 36: N eonatal, Infant , C hild and Mothers Health Family Health