n§. a‘m~mBªMo emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mVrb H$m¶©shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34579/8/08_chapter 4.pdf · 120 àH$aU 4 Wo n§. a‘m~mBªMo emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mVrb

120

àH$aU 4 Wo

n§. a‘m~mBªMo emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mVrb H$m¶©

(gZ 1889 Vo gZ 1898)

4.1 àñVmdZm :

n§. a‘m~mB© OrdZmVrb gZ 1889 Vo gZ 1898 hm H$mbmI§S> ‘hËdmMm ‘mZbm

OmVmo. ¶mM H$mimV Ë¶m§Zr ór gwYmaUm MidirMo ZoV¥Îd Ho$bo. Ë¶m§Zr A{Ve¶ à{VHy$b

n[apñWVr‘Ü¶o {dYdm {ó¶m§Zm {ejU XoÊ¶mMo H$m¶© Ho$bo. Cnamo³V H$mbI§S> emaXmgXZmMm

H$mbI§S> åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmVmo. n§. a‘m~mBªZr {ó¶m§Zm gmYmaU d ì¶dgm{¶H$ {ejU {Xbo.

{dYdm {ó¶m§Mo gj‘rH$aU KS>dyZ AmUbo. Ë¶m§Mo ho H$m¶© H«$m§{VH$maH$ hmoVo. Ë¶m§À¶m

Y‘mªVam‘wio ¶m H$m¶m©bm g‘mO ‘mÝ¶Vm {‘imbr Zmhr. ¶m H$m¶m©{df¶r ór Om{UdoÀ¶m A§JmZo

boIZ Pmbo Zmhr.

àñVwV àH$aUm‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mVrb n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m ©Mm Aä¶mg

Ho$bm Amho. ¶m H$mimVrb g‘mOpñWVr, Ë¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©bm Pmbobm {damoY ¶m nmíd©^y‘rda n§.

a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©Mo Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘yë¶ XmI{dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm Amho.

4.2 emaXmgXZ ñWmnZoMr nmíd©^y‘r :

4.2.1 n§. a‘m~mBªMm A‘o[aHo$bm OmÊ¶mMm {ZU©¶ :

n§. a‘m~mBªMo B§½b§S>‘Yrb dmñVì¶ VrZ df} hmoVo. B§½b§S>hÿZ Ë¶m A‘o[aHo$bm Joë¶m.

A‘o[aHo$Vrb dmñVì¶mÀ¶m H$mimV Ë¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©bm {Xem {‘imbr. ór gwYmaUoÀ¶m H$m¶m©gmR>r

Am{W©H$ ‘XV {‘imbr. n§. a‘m~mB© d A‘o[aH$m ho ZmVo Ë¶m§À¶m Am¶wî¶mÀ¶m eodQ>n¶ªV am{hbo.

“AmZ§Xr~mB© OmoetZr 1883 ‘Ü¶o noZ{gëìhm{Z¶m ¶oWrb dy‘Z ‘o{S>H$b H$m°boO‘Ü¶o

àdoe KoVbm hmoVm Am{U Mma dfmªMm Aä¶mgH«$‘ VrZM dfm©V nyU© H$éZ Ë¶m ^maVmVrb

n{hë¶m ‘{hbm S>m°³Q>a Pmë¶m hmoË¶m. Ë¶mda ’$³V {e³H$m‘moV©~ ìhm¶Mo hmoVo Vo 11 ‘mM©

1886 amoOr Am¶mo{Oboë¶m nXdrXmZ g‘ma§^mV.”1¶m g‘ma§^mbm CnpñWV amhÊ¶mMo {Z‘§ÌU

S>rZ S>m° ~m°S>bo ¶m§Zr n§. a‘m~mBªZm {Xbo. ¶m {Z‘§ÌUm‘wio Ë¶m§À¶m H$V©¥ÎdmgmR>r Zdr g§Yr

CnbãY Pmbr.

121

n§. a‘m~mBªZm {Z‘§{ÌV H$aÊ¶m‘mJo S>m° ~m°S>bo ¶m§Mm hoVy hmoVm H$s, AmZ§Xr~mBªZm

^maVmVrb ^mdr Am¶wî¶mV n§. a‘m~mBªMo ghH$m¶© {‘iob. S>m°. a¡Mob Eb. ~m°S>b| ¶m§Zr n§.

a‘m~mBªZm nmR>{dboë¶m 28 {S>g|~a 1885À¶m nÌmV ñnï> H$aVmZm {b[hVmV H$s, “My

thought in inviting you to come to America early in 1886 has been that if the

tiding might be sent to India that you braved a wintry ocean to witness

Anandibai receive her degree as a Doctor of Medicine. you in a certain sense

gave your sanction to her act and enfolded her and her work in your own future

leadership”2 n§. a‘m~mBª AmZ§Xr~mBªÀ¶m nXdrXmZ g‘ma§^mg CnpñWV am[hë¶m Va Ë¶m§À¶m

¶m H$m¶m©g nmqR>~m {‘iUma hmoVm. ¶mM nÌmMm ’$ma ‘moR>m n[aUm‘ n§. a‘m~mBªda Pmbm. ¶m

nÌmVyZ S>m° ~m°S>bo ¶m§Zr g§Xoe {Xbm H$s,“Your mission in India is that of on inspirer

rather than that of a teacher”3¶m g§XoemVyZ ^{dî¶H$mbrZ H$m‘mMr {Xem {‘imbr. ór

gwYmaUm H$m¶m©À¶m àoaH$ ~ZÊ¶mMr ^y{‘H$m ñnï> Pmbr. ¶m nÌm‘wio AmZ§Xr~mBªÀ¶m nXdrXmZ

g‘ma§^mbm OmÊ¶mMr Z¡{VH$ O~m~Xmar nS>br.

n§. a‘m~mB© A‘o[aHo$bm OmÊ¶mÀ¶m {ZU©¶m~Ôb {X.12 {S>g|~a 1885 amoOrÀ¶m nÌmV

{b[hVmV,“I think it is my duty to go there, first because the kind of

people who have given kind of help to my cousin to study medicine

want to see me, and have invited me again & again. Secondly if I do not

go, I shall greatly injure the cause of my country woman, for those kind

people will think it very rude of me and interest which they take in my

country woman will in some measure be lessoned. I have unfortunately

not been able to study medicine, but I must not be the cause of shutting

the way which is open to my country women in America.”4

¶m nÌmdéZ n§. a‘m~mBªMr Z¡{VH$Vm {XgyZ ¶oVo. Xoe^{JZt{df¶r CÎma Xm{¶ËdmMr

^mdZm ñnï> hmoVo.

4.2.2 n§. a‘m~mBªMo A‘o[aHo$Vrb dmñVì¶ :

n§. a‘m~mBªMo A‘o[aHo$‘Ü¶o AS>rM df} dmñVì¶ hmoVo. Ë¶m VoWo ’$³V VrZ ‘{hÝ¶m§gmR>r

Joë¶m hmoË¶m. ‘mÌ A‘o[aHo$Vrb AZwHy$b n[apñWVr‘wio Ë¶m§Zr hm {dMma ~Xbbm. Ë¶m§À¶m

H$m¶m©gmR>r AmemXm¶H$ dmVmdaU hmoVo åhUyZ Ë¶m§Zr A‘o[aHo$V XrK© H$mi dmñVì¶

122

Ho$bo.“1886 À¶m ‘mM© ‘{hÝ¶mnmgyZ 1888 À¶m Zmoìh|~a ‘{hÝ¶mÀ¶m AIoarn¶ªV VoWo amhÿZ

Ë¶m XoemV gw‘mao 30000 ‘¡bm§BVH$m àdmg H$éZ H$mhr Jmoï>tMr ‘m{hVr {‘idbr.”5VoWrb

gm‘m{OH$, e¡j{UH$ joÌm§Mr nmhUr Ho$br.

n§. a‘m~mB© B§½b§S>bm Joë¶m. Ë¶mdoir Ë¶m§À¶mH$S>o R>am{dH$ CÀM {ejUmÀ¶m H$ënZm

hmoË¶m. A‘o[aHo$V Ë¶m§Mo bj ~mb{ejU nÜXVrH$S>o Jobo. 10 ‘o 1886 amoOrÀ¶m {gñQ>a

{OamëS>rZ (AmOr~mB©) ¶m§Zm {b[hboë¶m nÌmV Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “I am going to take a

special course of study in the Philadelphia Training College for Female

Teachers in order to fit myself for my future profession. I am also thinking of

studing froebel and other philosopies on child culture.”6 ¶mM nÌm‘Ü¶o Ë¶m Z‘yX

H$aVmV H$s,“In the meantime, I am occupying myself in visiting different public

and private school and colleges in philadelphia to gain an in sight in to the

general educaiton system and school organization adopted by (the) people of

this country.”7

¶mdéZ n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶©ì¶má OrdZmMr H$ënZm ¶oVo. gVV ZdrZ j‘Vm {Z‘m©U

H$aÊ¶mMr YS>nS> {XgyZ ¶oVo. Ë¶mH$mir ~mb{ejU ¶m g§H$ënZoMm ñne© hr ^maVr¶

g‘mOmbm Pmbm ZìhVm. ¶m nmíd©^y‘rda n§. a‘m~mB© ~mb{ejUmÀ¶m ’«$mo~ob nÜXVrMo à{ejU

KoV hmoË¶m hr ~m~ C„oIZr¶ Amho. ¶m g§X^m©V {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm. {b[hVmV H$s, “Amnë¶mH$S>o

Ë¶m doiog VmË¶m n§VmoOrMm N>S>r-KmoS>r Am§JT>çmMm H$mi hmoVm. Ë¶m doiog Ooìhm A‘o[aH$Z

„àr àm¶‘ar ñHy$b‟nÜXV Ë¶m§À¶m ÑîQ>rg nS>br, Voìhm Ë¶m§Mo bj ¶m ~mb{ejUmH$S>o {IiyZ

Jobo.”8 ~mb{ejU nÜXVrMm ^maVm‘Ü¶o à¶moJ H$aÊ¶mMm Ë¶m§Zr {ZYm©a Ho$bm. hr nÜXVr

~mb{dYdm§Zm {ejU XoÊ¶mgmR>r Cn¶w³V Amho. Ago Ë¶m§Zm dmQ>bo. ~mb{ejU nÜXVrMo ‘hËd

{deX H$aVmZm Ë¶m {b[hVmV H$s, “How to teach the children and their mother is the

thing for me to be learnt at present”9

n§. a‘m~mBªZr {‘g A°Zm h°bmodob ¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z ’«$mo~obMr VËdo g‘OmdyZ KoVbr. {‘g

A°Zm h°bmodob øm EH$drg qH$S>aJmQ>©Z emioÀ¶m A{Y{jH$m hmoË¶m. ’«$mo~ob {ejU nÜXVrMm

A‘o[aHo$‘Ü¶o àgma {‘g E{bPm~oW {n~S>r ¶m§Zr Ho$bm.“{‘g B{bP~oW nr~S>r øm ‘hm‘mÝ¶

d¥ÜX ~mB©g EV²Xoer¶ bmoH$ ~mb{ejUmMr AmB© Ago åhUVmV. øm gÁOZ ~mB©Zo ZmZm

123

àH$maÀ¶m {dnÎmr ^moJyZ Am{U {d¿Zo d à{VHy$b bmoH$‘V ¶m§À¶mer Pw§OyZ ~hþV df} XrK©

à¶ËZ H$éZ øm XoemV ’«$mo~obÀ¶m qH$S>aJmQ>©Z {ejU nÜXVrMm àgma Ho$bm.”10n§. a‘m~mBªZr

Ë¶m§Mr àË¶j ôQ> KoVbr hmoVr. ’«$mo~ob {ejU nÜXVrda MmbUmè¶m emim nm{hë¶m. ^maVr¶

à~moYZ H$m¶m©gmR>r ¶m nÜXVrMm Cn¶moJ H$aÊ¶mMm {dMma Ho$bm. ’«$mo~ob {ejU nÜXVr åhUOo

~mb{ejU nÜXVr. bhmZ ‘wbm§Zm AmZ§XXm¶r dmVmdaUm‘Ü¶o H¥$Vr¶w³V {ejU ¶m‘Ü¶o {Xbo

OmVo. ¶m nÜXVrÀ¶m Cn¶w³VVo g§X^m©V n§. a‘m~mB© gm§JVmV H$s, “hr ’«$mo~ob {ejU nÜXVr

gd© g§doXZm§Zm {ejU XoVo, {dMma H$am¶bm {eH$dVo Am{U {ejUmMm Iam CÔoe hmM AgVmo.

gË¶ hm Ë¶mMm AmË‘m Amho. ho {ejU Oa Amnë¶m ~m¶H$m ‘wbm§Zm {‘imbo Va Ë¶m§À¶m

A§YlÜXm AmnmoAmn Zï> hmoVr.”11

n§. a‘m~mBªZr qH$S>aJmQ>©Z ¶m {ejU nÜXVrMm n{hë¶m§Xm AmoiI ^maVmg H$éZ

{Xbr. qH$S>aJmQ>©Z nÜXV gwé H$aUmè¶m Ë¶m n{hë¶m ^maVr¶ ì¶³Vr hmoË¶m. ¶m nÜXVrMm

à¶moJ Ë¶m§Zr àW‘M emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o Ho$bm hmoVm.

n§. a‘m~mB© {‘g. ’«$m°pÝgg B. {dbS>© ¶m ór Mm {deof à^md nS>bm. A‘o[aHo$Mr

amOYmZr dm°qe½Q>Z ¶oWo {H$Vu ‘hmb (Hall of Fame) Amho. VoWo A‘o[aHo$Vrb à»¶mV

ì¶³Vr§Mo nwVio AmhoV. VoWo ’$³V EH$mM órMm nwVim Amho, hm nwVim ’«$mpÝgg B. {dbS>©

¶m§Mm Amho. {VÀ¶m eoOmar A‘o[aHo$Mo n{hbo AÜ¶j Om°O© dm°qe½Q>Z ¶m§Mm nwVim Amho. ¶mdéZ

Ë¶m órMr ¶mo½¶Vm g‘OVo. “Á¶mbm ìhm°ëñQ>oS> H$m¶Xm åhUyZ AmoiIÊ¶mV ¶oD$ bmJbo, Ë¶m

A‘o[aHo$Vrb Xmé~§XrÀ¶m H$m¶ÚmMr y{‘H$m V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMo ‘hmZ H$m¶© øm ~mB©Zo

Ho$bo.”12{dbS>© ~mBªMm nwVim {VÀ¶m h¶mVrV C^mabm Jobm hr {deof ~m~ hmoVr.A‘o[aH$Z

g‘mOmMm {ó¶m§{df¶r AgUmam g‘VmdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moZ ¶mVyZ ñnï> hmoVmo.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr ‘ÚnmZ {ZfoYmÀ¶m MidirV ^mJ KoVbm hmoVm. A‘o[aHo$gma»¶m XÿaÀ¶m

XoemV OmdyZ gm‘m{OH$ H$V¥ ©Îd XmI{dÊ¶mMo YmS>g Ë¶m§Zr Ho$bo. “1887 À¶m Zd|~a

‘{hÝ¶mV, Q>oZogr g§ñWmZmVrb Ý¶mf{db² ZmdmÀ¶m Jmdr, ¶wZmBQ>oS²> ñQ>oQ>g²À¶m {ó¶m§À¶m

amï´>r¶ ‘Ú {ZfoYH$ ‘§S>itMm Mm¡Xmdm dm{f©H$ ‘hmoËgd Pmbm.”13 ¶m ‘hmoËgdmbm n§. a‘m~mBªZm

Img {Z‘§ÌU hmoVo. ¶m ‘hmoËgdmV Ë¶m§Zr ì¶gZm§À¶m Xþîn[aUm‘m§{df¶r gm§[JVbo H$s,

“ì¶gZmÀ¶m ’§$XmV nSy>Z {Xdg|{Xdg A{YH$m{YH$ nwéf gd©ñdmbm ‘wHy$Z, gwImbm,

124

g§^m{dVnUmbm qH$~hþZm Am¶wî¶mbm AmMHy$ bmJbo. Ë¶m§À¶m nm¶r {~Mmè¶m ~m¶H$m§Mr d

Ë¶m§À¶m VmÝøm, H$modù¶m boH$am§Mr ’$maM XþX©em hmoD$ bmJbr. {H$Vr hOmamo à{Vd«Vm ~m¶H$m

Amnbo Zdao øm Xþì¶©gZmÀ¶m nm¶r gd©ñdr ~wS>V AmhoV. Ago nmhÿZ ‘ZmVë¶m ‘ZmV Hw$Ty>

bmJë¶m.”14¶m ‘hmoËgdm‘Yrb ^mfUm‘wio Ë¶m§Zm {deof à{gÜXr {‘imbr. ¶m g^m§‘wio

A‘o[aHo$Vrb {¼ñVr bmoH$m§Zm n§. a‘m~mBªMr AmoiI Pmbr.

13 {S>g|~a 1887 amoOr ~moñQ>Z ehamV gmd©O{ZH$ g^m âbr hmoVr. ¶m gôV,

“n§{S>Vm a‘m~mBªZr Amnë¶m gmÜ¶m ^mfoV d AñI{bV dmUrZo qhXþñWmZmVrb {dYdm§Mr H$éZ

H$hmUr gm§JyZ lmoVwg‘yh hmbdyZ gmoS>bm.”15A‘o[aHo$Vrb ‘w³V gm‘m{OH$ OrdZm‘wio Ë¶m§Mm

CËgmh dmT>bm. ¶mM H$mimV qhXþñWmZmV {dYdm§gmR>r emim ñWmnZ H$amdr Ago {ZpíMV

Ho$bo. ¶mgmR>r Am{W©H$ ‘XV {‘i{dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm. A‘o[aH$Z OZVog‘moa ^maVmVrb

{dYdm§Mo H$éZ pñWVrMo {MÌ à^mdrnUo C o Ho$bo. ^maVmVrb ~mb{ddmh nÜXVrMo Xþîn[aUm‘

gm§[JVbo. {dYdm§À¶m Xþ‘w©Iboë¶m OrdZmMr AmoiI H$éZ {Xbr.

n§. a‘m~mBªZm øm ^mfUmda AmYm[aV „High Caste Hindu Women‟ ho nwñVH$

{b[hbo. “^maVr¶ ór Zo {b[hbobo ho n{hbo B§J«Or nwñVH$ Amho.”16 ¶m boIZmMm ‘w»¶ CÔoe

^maVr¶ ór OrdZmMm nmíMmË¶m§Zm n[aM¶ H$éZ XoUo hm hmoVm. ór OrdZmer {ZJSrV éT>r

na§nam§{df¶rMr MrS> nwñVH$mVyZ ì¶³V Ho$br. ho nwñVH$ “A‘o[aH$Z bmoH$m§À¶m ‘Zmbm BVHo$

{^S>bo H$s, Ë¶m§À¶m gd© àVr hmVmohmV Inë¶m. AmUIr Amd¥Îmr H$mT>mdr bmJbr. Ë¶m‘wio

a‘m~mBªZm Iyn ‘moR>m MmhVmdJ© bm^bm.”17 ¶m nwñVH$mbm S>m° ~m°S>bo ¶m§Zr àñVmdZm {b[hbr

hmoVr. Ë¶m {b[hVmV H$s, “hOmamo dfmªMr em§VVm ^§Jbr Amho. EH$m An[a{MV doXZoMm n{hbm

CX²Jma gwIr A‘o[aH$Z ‘{hbm§À¶m H$mZmda ømÛmao nS>bm. ho nwñVH$ dmMVmZm ‘mÂ¶m

S>moù¶mVyZ nmZm§da gm§S>bobr Amgd§ ‘mÂ¶m Am¶wî¶mVrb gdm©V Xþ:Ir Amgd§ AmhoV.”18

¶m nwñVH$mMr {Z{‘©Vr n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m nwT>rb dmQ>MmbrgmR>r ‘hËdmMr R>abr. Ë¶m§À¶m

H$m¶m©Mr JaO A‘o[aH$Z g‘mOmbm g‘Obr. Ë¶m§À¶m ^mdr H$m¶m©{df¶rMm {dídmg A‘o[aH$Z

g‘mOmÀ¶m ‘ZmV {Z‘m©U Pmbm. ¶m nwñVH$mVyZ {Z‘m©U Pmboë¶m à^mdm{df¶r ³bo‘|{Q>Zm

~Q>ba {b[hVmV H$s, “She held the attention of the audience as she spoke of the

125

condition and needs of her sex, the life and relations of Hindu woman hood,

and make an apeal for sympathy in her proposed work.”19

n§. a‘m~mB© ¶m nwñVH$mÀ¶m „The Appeal‟ àH$aUm‘Ü¶o Aml‘mMr ¶moOZm A‘o[aH$Z

bmoH$m§nwT>o g{dñVanUo ‘m§S>br. Ë¶m {b[hVmV H$s,

1. “Houses should be opened for the young and high-caste child widows

where they can take shelter without the fear of losting their caste or of

being disturbed in thier religious belief and caste rules.

2. In order to help them make an honourable and independent living, they

should be taught in these houses to be teachers, governesses, nurses, and

house keepers and should become skilled in other forms of hand work

according to their taste and capacity.

3. These houses should be under the superintendence and management of

influential Hindu ladies and gentlemen.

4. The Services of well-qualified American ladies as assistants and

teachers should be secured in order to afford the occupants of the houses

the combined advantage of eastern and western civilization and

education.

5. Libraries containing the best books on history, science, art, religions and

other department of literature should be established in these houses for

the benefit of their inmates and of other woman in their vicinity who

may wish to read. lecture ships should also be established in the

libraries, and the lecturers should be engaged with the distinct under

standing that they do not speak irreverently of any religion or sacred

custom while lecturing in that house or library, the lecturers should

embrace in their topics hygiene, geography, elementary science, foreign

travel etc. and lectures should be designed primarily to open the eyes

and ears of those who long have dwelt in the prison-house of ignorance,

knowing literally nothing of God‟s beautiful world.”20

Aem àH$mao n§.a‘m~mBªZr Aml‘m{df¶rMm ñnï> AmamIS>m ‘m§S>bm hmoVm. hm Aml‘

VéU d Cƒ OmVrVë¶m {dYdm§gmR>r gwé H$aÊ¶mMo ñnï> CÔoe Z‘yX Ho$bm Amho. {dYdm

126

{ó¶m§Mo ñdV§Ì ì¶p³V‘Îd KS>{dÊ¶mMm {dMma Ë¶m§Zr ‘m§S>bm. Ë¶mgmR>r ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejUmMm

A§V^m©d Aml‘m‘Ü¶o H$aVmZm {XgVmV. ¶m Aml‘mMo àemgH$s¶ ì¶dñWmnZmMo ñdén ñnï>

Ho$bo. Aml‘mV {eH${dë¶m OmUmè¶m {df¶ kmZmMr {ZpíMVr Ho$br. Ym[‘©H$ {ejUmEodOr

ì¶mdhmarH$ {ejUmMm {dMma Ho$bm. Aml‘mgmR>r J«§Wmb¶mMr A{^Zd H$ënZm Ë¶mH$mir

‘m§S>br.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr nma§n[aH$ éT>r d na§namnmgyZ ‘w³V OrdZmMr énaofm ‘m§S>br. øm

gdmªMm n[aUm‘ åhUOo “13 {S>g|~a 1887 amoOr ~moñQ>Z ehar a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm Am{W©H$

‘XV H$aÊ¶mgmR>r a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZ Mr ñWmnZm A‘o[aH$Z bmoH$m§Zr Ho$br.”21

n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ^mdr H$m¶m©bm nmqR>~m XoUmar {e’$magnÌo {bhrbr Jobr. à{V{ð>Vm§Zr

¶m H$ënZobm nmqR>~m ì¶³V Ho$bm. àmo. ‘°³g‘wba ¶m§Zr ¶m H$m¶m©bm nmqR>~m ì¶³V H$aVmZm

{b[hbo H$s, “^maVmMm ^mdr CX²Yma, ^maVmÀ¶m {ó¶m§À¶m CX²Ymamda Adb§~yZ Amho.

~mb{dYdm§À¶m øm dgVrJ¥hmda d embmJ¥hmda nwT>rb gwIr J¥ho d gw{e{jV ~m¶H$m d

ñdmdb§~r ‘mVm {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mMr H$m‘{Jar Adb§~yZ am[hb.”22 ‘w§~B©Mo JìhZ©a ga {dë¶‘

~oS>a~Z© ¶m§Zrhr Ë¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©Mo H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. Vo {b[hVmV H$s, “n§{S>VoÀ¶m Zm°‘©b ñHy$b

{df¶r EoHy$Z Amåhmbm na‘ g§Vmof hmoV Amho d Ë¶m H$m‘r H$aVm ¶oB©b Vr ‘XV H$aÊ¶mg

Amåhr V¶ma Amhm|o”23

n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m {dYdml‘mÀ¶m g§H$ënZo{df¶r {gñQ>a {OamëS>rZ ¶m§Zr Am§ZX ì¶³V

Ho$bm. Ë¶m ¶m{df¶r {b[hVmV H$s, “I am crying for joy, that my dream of years has

became a reality”24

a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZMr ‘w»¶ emIm ~moñQ>Z ¶oWo hmoVr. ¶m g§ñWog ‘XV H$aÊ¶mgmR>r

a‘m~mB© gH©$ëg ñWmnÊ¶mV Ambr hmoVr.“n{hë¶mM dfu Aer 18 a‘m~mB© gH©$ëg

ApñVËdmV Ambr. nwT>o nmM dfm©V Ë¶m§Mr g§»¶m 75 Pmbr.... Ë¶mZ§Va 26 Oyb¡ 1888 amoOr

X a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZ Am°’$ n°{g{’$H$ H$moñQ> ZmdmMr EH$ g§ñWm ñWmnyZ npíM‘

A‘o[aHo$Vrb bmoH$m§Zm a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm hmV^ma bmdÊ¶mg gwédmV Ho$br.”25

a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZMr ¶moOZm hmoVr H$s, “àË¶oH$ ‘§S>imZo (gH©$b) Amnë¶m

g^mgXmH$Sy>Z ‘XV Jmoim H$éZ ‘w»¶ emIoH$S>o ~moñQ>Zbm nmR>dm¶Mr d {VWyZ hagmb

127

5000 S>m°bg© a‘m~mBªZm qhXþñWmZmV {dYdml‘ Mmb{dÊ¶mgmR>r nmR>dm¶Mo... {edm¶

gwadmVrbm Aml‘mMr B‘maV C^maÊ¶mgmR>r 25000 S>m°bg© BVH$s a³H$‘ Úm¶Mr.”26

n§. a‘m~mBªZr {b[hboë¶m „High Caste Hindu Women‟ nwñVH$mMr Ë¶m§À¶m

H$m¶m©bm Am{W©H$ ‘XV Pmbr. øm nwñVH$mÀ¶m 10000 àVr Inë¶m. ¶mMm N>nmB©Mm IM©

dOm hmoVm ~amM ’$m¶Xm Pmbm. n§. a‘m~mBªZr ^mdr {dYdml‘mVrb {dÚmWuZtgmR>r Aja

kmZmMr nwñVHo$ {bhrbr. Ë¶mMr N>nmB© Ho$br. a§JrV {MÌm§Mr nwñVHo$, V³Vo, ‘m°S>oëg dJ¡ao

V¶ma H$éZ KoVbo. ¶m H$m‘mÀ¶m g§X^m©V 13 Am°JñQ> 1888 amoOr ‘Zmoa‘obm {b[hboë¶m

nÌmV Ë¶m Z‘yX H$aVmV H$s, “I smatch at any moment that I can get and write

stories for the school books that I am preparing for children in our country. I

have lots of pictures, all very nice and beautiful designs for the little pages.”27

n§. a‘m~mBªZr A‘o[aHo$À¶m dmñVì¶m‘Ü¶o gVV àdmg Ho$bm. g^m§‘Ü¶o ^mfUo {Xbr.

Ë¶mMdoir Aml‘mVrb {ejUmgmR>r gmYZo C^r H$aÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm. Ë¶m§Zr A‘o[aHo$VyZ

CÎm‘moÎm‘ Jmoï>r ^maVmV ZoÊ¶mgmR>r gVV YS>nS> Ho$br. VoWo ór gwYmaUm H$m¶m©gmR>r Am{W©H$

‘XV {‘i{dbr. A{dH$m{gV Xoem§À¶m {dH$mgmgmR>r naH$s ‘XV {‘i{dÊ¶mMr H$ënZm A{^Zd

hmoVr. AmOhr {dH${gV Xoe ‘moR>r ‘XV ‘mJmg Xoem§Zm H$aVmV. ‘mÌ hm CnH«$‘ n§. a‘m~mBªZr

125 dfm©nydu Ho$bm hmoVm. hr {deof ~m~ hmoVr. Ë¶m§À¶m à^mdr ì¶{³V‘ËdmMm ‘moR>m à^md

A‘o[aH$Z g‘mOmda Pmbm. Ë¶m§À¶m ¶m à^mdm~Ôb ³bo‘|{Q>Zm ~Q>ba {b[hVmV H$s, “No

one who was present that day can ever forget the slight figure of the little

widow in her white gard and with the close shaven head indicative of her

despised estate, as she gave her burning plea for justice for the child-widow of

India”28

4.2.3 n§. a‘m~mBªMo OnmZ‘Yrb dmñVì¶ :

n§. a‘m~mBªZm {Z¶mo{OV a³H$‘ {‘imbr. Ë¶m OnmZ‘mJ} ^maVmV naVë¶m. OnmZ‘Ü¶o

Ë¶m§Mo Voam {Xdgm§Mo dmñVì¶ hmoVo. ¶m H$mimV OnmZr OZOrdZmMo d VoWrb {ZgJm©Mo dU©Z

Ë¶m§Zr {gñQ>a {OamëS>rZ ¶m§Zm 3 OmZodmar 1889 amoOr {b[hboë¶m nÌmV Ho$bo Amho. ¶m

nÌm‘Ü¶o VoWrb {ó¶m§Mr gwaoI ‘hm{dÚmb¶o d emim nmhÿZ AmZ§X ì¶³V H$aVmV. Ë¶m Z‘yX

H$aVm H$s, “There are also schools for women. The empress takes an active

128

interest in women‟s progress and has founded a college for ladies. I was very

much pleased to see the handsome college building and many schools for

women are treated much more respectfully in Japan than in any other orient

country.”29

n§. a‘m~mBªMr ór OrdZm{df¶rMr {Zð>m ¶m nÌmdéZ {XgyZ ¶oVo. OnmZ‘Yrb

ór OrdZmMo AmH$bZ H$éZ KoÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ë¶m§Zr AënmdYrV Ho$bm hmoVm. n§. a‘m~mB©

OnmZ‘Ü¶ohr n[a{MV hmoË¶m Ago {XgVo. H$maU “OnmZMo ¶wdamO d ¶wdamkr ¶m§À¶m

Am‘§ÌUmdéZ Ë¶m ôQ>m¶bm amOdmS>çmV Joë¶m hmoË¶m.”30

Voam {Xdgm§‘Ü¶o Ë¶m§Zm AmR>

{R>H$mUr gôgmR>r {Z‘§{ÌV Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë¶m {b[hVmV H$s, “I spoke in at least eight

meeting and the young women who acted as my interpreters did their part

beautifully.”31

¶oWrb g^m§‘YyZ Ë¶m§Zr ór {ejUmVyZ hmoUmè¶m gm‘m{OH$ ’$m¶ÚmMo

{dd§MZ Ho$bo. ór CÕmamVyZM hmoUmè¶m amï´>r¶ àJVr{df¶r AmemXm¶r {MÌU Ho$bo.

n§. a‘m~mBªMo hm±JH$m±J‘Ü¶o gmV {Xdg dmñVì¶ hmoVo.“VoWo EH$m ^maVr¶ ì¶mnmè¶mÀ¶m

Kar Ë¶m§Mr CVaÊ¶mMr gmo¶ Pmbr hmoVr. a‘m~mBªMr AmoiI H$éZ XoÊ¶mÀ¶m CÔoemZo EH$

ñdmJV g‘ma§^ Ë¶mZo Amnë¶m Kar Am¶mo{OV H$éZ AZoH$ ñWm{ZH$ ^maVr¶m§Zm d H$mhr

¶wamo{n¶Zm§Zm ~mobmdbo hmoVo, Ago d¥Îm hm±JH$m±J S>obr àog (16 OmZodmar 1889) ¶m dV©‘mZ

nÌmV Ho$bm Amho.”32

¶m g‘ma§^mV {ó¶m§gmR>r Aml‘emim H$mT>Ê¶mMo C{Ôï> {deX Ho$bo.

{ó¶m§Zm, ~mb{dYdm§Zm nmíMmË¶ {ejU XoÊ¶mMo ’$m¶Xo gm§[JVbo. A‘o[aHo$VyZ {‘imboë¶m

Am{W©H$ ‘XVrMm C„oI Ho$bm. ñdH$s¶m§H$Sy>Z Ë¶mV â nS>mdr Aer Anojm ì¶³V Ho$br.“‘ob

gpßb‘|Q> Qy> X hm±JH$m±J S>obr àog (23 OmZodmar 1889) À¶m nwadUrV ~mb{ddmh d Ag§‘V

d¡Yì¶ ¶m MmbtZr OIS>boë¶m ^maVr¶ {ó¶m§Zm ~§{XdmgmVyZ ‘w³V H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m a‘m~mBªÀ¶m

^mdr H$m¶m©bm g{XÀN>m {Xë¶m AmhoV.”33

¶mdéZ n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ^mdr H$m¶m©Mr XIb OnmZ

d hm±JH$m±J‘Ü¶o KoVbobr {XgVo.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr ^maVr¶ ór OrdZmMm n[aM¶ OnmZ, hm±JH$m±Jbm H$éZ {Xbm. ^maVr¶

ór OrdZmMr MMm© Am§Vaamï´>r¶ nmVirda KS>dyZ AmUbr. E{àb gZ 1883 Vo OmZodmar

1889 ¶m H$mimV Ë¶m§Zr B§½b§S>, A‘o[aH$m, OnmZ, hm±JH$m±J Agm àdmg Ho$bm. ¶m H$mimV

Ë¶m§Mo Am§Vaamï³>r¶ ì¶p³V‘Ëd {gÜX Pmbo. Ago naXoeJ‘Z H$aUmè¶m Ë¶m n{hë¶m ^maVr¶

‘{hbm hmoË¶m. naH$s¶ XoemVyZ Am{W©H$ ‘XVrMm ómoV {Z‘m©U H$aUmè¶m Ë¶m n{hë¶m ^maVr¶

129

hmoË¶m. Ë¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©Mm à^md BVH$m ‘moR>m hmoVm H$s, n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ‘¥Ë¶yZ§Vahr hr Am{W©H$

‘XV ~§X Pmbr Zmhr. EdT>oM Zmhr Va Vr ‘XV AmOhr 2013 ‘Ü¶ohr gwé Amho.

n§. a‘m~mB© „qhXþ n§{S>Vm‟ åhUyZ naXoemV Joë¶m hmoË¶m. Y‘mªVa H$éZ Ë¶m ^maVmV

naVë¶m hmoË¶m. Ë¶mdoir ^maVr¶ g‘mOmZo Ë¶m§Mo ñdmJV Ho$bo. Ë¶m§Mo Y‘mªVa {dgéZ Ë¶m§À¶m

^mdr H$m¶m©Mo H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. gw~moY n{ÌHo$‘Ü¶o n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©Mo H$m¡VwH$ H$aVmZm {b[hbo

H$s, “EH$Q>çm ór Zo A‘o[aHo$gma»¶m gmVmg‘wÐmnbrH$S>À¶m Xoer Omdo, {VH$S>rb bmoH$m§À¶m

A§V:H$aUmV Amnë¶m ^{JZt{df¶r H$idim CËnÞ H$amdm, Ë¶m§À¶mH$arVm gÎmoMo {dÚmb¶ d

Xhm df}n¶ªV Ë¶mbm bmJUmam IM© {‘idyZ AmUmdm; ¶mbm Oa Abm¡{H$H$ namH«$‘ åhUy Z¶o

Va H$embm åhUmdm?”34 „B§XÿàH$me‟ ¶m nÌm‘Ü¶o Ë¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©Mr ñVwVr H$aVmZm {b[hbo

H$s,“n§{S>Vm a‘m~mBªMo Y‘mªVa ‘mÌ ‘ZmV Z AmUVm Ë¶m§À¶m ÑT> ‘ohZVrMr Am{U H$iH$irMr

ñVwVr H$amdr {VVH$s WmoS>rM Amho. gm§àVÀ¶m H$mimV hr EH$ A{ÛVr¶ ~w{Õ‘Îmm ór {Z‘m©U

Pmbr Amho. ¶mV g§e¶ Zmhr.”35 Ho$garH$mam§Zrhr n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm ‘hËdmMo ‘mZbo. Vo

{b[hVmV H$s, “na³¶m XoemV nmM nÝZmg hOma én¶o {‘i{dUo ho AO~ H¥$Ë¶M Amho. Am{U

ho EH$m órZo, EH$m {Zam{lV A~boZo, Amnë¶m ÑT>{ZíM¶mZo Amnë¶m gm¡OÝ¶mXr JwUm§Zr

VS>rg Zobo ho nmhÿZ Amåhmg Am‘À¶m nwéf ‘§S>irMr H$sd ¶oVo Am{U Agbr Abm¡{H$H$ ór

Amåhmbm {ZnObr hm {dMma ‘ZmV ¶oD$Z Amåhmbm WmoS>m A{^‘mZ hr dmQ>Vmo.”36

n§. a‘m~mBªMo H$m¡VwH$ H$aUmar darb nÌo emaXmgXZmMr ñWmnZm hmoÊ¶mnwduMr AmhoV.

¶mdéZ Ë¶m§À¶m ^mdr H$m¶m©Mr JaO g‘mOmbm nQ>bobr {XgVo. ñWm{ZH$ gwYmaH$m§Zr ¶m

H$m¶m©bm nmqR>~m ì¶³V Ho$bobm {XgVmo. ‘mÌ Ë¶m§À¶m Y‘mªVam{df¶rMm IoX gd©Ì ì¶³V hmoV

hmoVm.

4.3 emaXmgXZmMr ñWmnZm :

“emaXmgXZmMr ñWmnZm 11 ‘mM© 1889 amoOr Mm¡nmQ>rda {dëgZ H$m°boOÀ¶m

{nN>mS>rg Agboë¶m EH$m B‘maVr‘Ü¶o Pmbr.”37

hr B‘maV AmVm ApñVËdmV Zmhr. ¶m

B‘maVrnmgyZ Mm¡nmQ>rH$S>o OmUmè¶m añË¶mbm „n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB© ‘mJ©‟ Ago Zmd Amho.

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m CX²KmQ>Z gmohù¶mbm ‘w§~B©Vrb à{V{ð>V ‘§S>ir O‘br hmoVr. ¶m gôMo

130

AÜ¶j ñWmZ gm¡. H$mer~mB© H$m{ZQ>H$a ¶m§Zr ^yf{dbo hmoVo. “Omhra g oMo AÜ¶jnX EH$m

qhXr órZo pñdH$maë¶mMr hr n{hbrM doi hmoVr. AmOn¶ªV H$moUË¶mhr g oZo AÜ¶jnX Hw$Um

ñÌrbm Úmdo Ago H$YrM Hw$Ur gyM{dbo ZìhVo Am{U gyM{dbo AgVo Varhr Hw$Um qhXr órbm

Vo nX ñdrH$maÊ¶mMo YmS>g Pmbo ZgVo. hr dñVwpñWVr hmoVr.”38 Aem àH$mao emaXmgXZmMr

gwédmVM H«$m§VrH$mar KQ>ZoZo Pmbr. H$m{e~mB© H$m{ZQ>H$a ¶m§Zr Amnë¶m AmË‘M[aÌmV øm

g‘ma§^mMo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho. Ë¶m {b[hVmV H$s, “emaXmgXZmMr OmJm Mm¡nmQ>rda EH$m ~§Jë¶mV

‘wH«$a Ho$br hmoVr. ~§Jë¶mÀ¶m EH$m ^mJmV n§{S>Vm~mB©, Ë¶m§Mr ‘wbJr Am{U Ë¶m§À¶m ~amo~a

Ambobr S>m°. am¶S>a ¶m amhV AgV. Ama§^mbm ‘wbr åhUOo J§JmYan§V JÐo ¶m§Mr ‘wbJr Hw$‘mar

emaXm d Ë¶m doiÀ¶m JmoXþ~mB© Omoer øm hmoVo. g‘ma§^mg S>m°. AmË‘mam‘ nm§Sw>a§J, Zm‘Xma

Í¶§~H$ Vob§J, àmW©Zm g‘mOmMr ~hþVoH$ ‘§S>ir, H$mhr {¼ñVr {‘eZar, S>m°. ‘H$sM§X

dJ¡aogmaIr nwT>mar ‘§S>ir Ambr hmoVr.”39 CX²KmQ>Z g‘ma§^mbm ‘mÝ¶dam§Mr CnpñWVr åhUOo

n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm gw{e{jV g‘mOmZo {Xbobr nmdVr hmoVr. “B§XþàH$me gma»¶m nÌmV

¶m gmohù¶mMo dU©Z „S>°PqbJ J«±S> J°XatJ, ìhoar J«±S> Am°Ho$OZ‟ Aem eãXmV Ho$bo hmoVo. Am{U

H$mer~mBªZm {‘imbobo AÜ¶jnX Voìhm EH$‘odm{ÛVr¶ Agë¶mMo åhQ>bo hmoVo.”40

J§JmYan§V JÐo ¶m§Mr ‘wbJr emaXm hr ¶m emioMr n{hbr {dÚmWuZr hmoVr. {VÀ¶m

ZmdmdéZ ¶m emiobm emaXmgXZ Zmd {Xbo. Vr ~mb{dYdm ZìhVr. ¶m gXZmV XmIb

Pmbobr n{hbr {dYdm åhUOo JmoXÿ~mB© Omoer hmoVr. JmoXþ~mB© åhUOo AmZ§Xr~mB© (~m¶m) H$d}

hmo¶. emaXm Hw$‘marH$m Agë¶mZo ~hþYm AmZ§Xr~mB© H$d]Zr Amnë¶m AmË‘d¥ÎmmV “AmnUM

gXZmÀ¶m n{hë¶m {dÚmWuZr”41

åhQ>bo Amho. ‘h{f© H$d} ¶m§Zr ¶m~m~VMm Iwbmgm Amnë¶m

AmË‘d¥ÎmmV Ho$bm Amho. Vo åhUVmV H$s, “‘w§~B©bm emaXmgXZmMr gwédmV Pmbr d

Zaharn§Vm§Zr JmoXÿ~mB©bm n{hbr {dYdm {dÚmWuZr åhUyZ XmIb Ho$br. {hÀ¶mnydu J§JmYan§V

JÐo ¶m§Mr Hw$‘mar emaXm hr XmIb Ombr hmoVr d {VOdéZM n§{S>Vm ~mBªZr g§ñWobm

emaXmgXZ ho Zmd {Xbo hmoVo.”42

^maVm‘Ü¶o {dYdm§gmR>r Aml‘ gwé H$aÊ¶mMr hr n{hbrM KQ>Zm hmoVr.“emaXmgZmMr

ñWmnZm hmoÊ¶mnwdu ‘mJrb n§Yam dfm©‘mJo (1872) {dYdm§H$arVm H$bH$Î¶mg EH$m Zm°‘©b

³bmg H$mT>Ê¶mV Ambm. nU {dYdm Z Amë¶mZo Vmo ~§X nS>bm, ZÎmmoa ¶oWo nU amOm M§ÐZmW

¶m§Zr {dYdm§H$arVm {dYdm J¥h H$mT>bo. Vo nU Mmbbo Zmhr.”43 ¶m nmíd©^y‘rda n§. a‘m~mBªZr

131

emaXmgXZmMr ñWmnZm Ho$br hmoVr. emaXmgXZMo H$m¶© Jobr 125 df} AI§{S>VnUo Mmby Amho

hr EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ ~m~ Amho.

n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ¶m H$m¶m©Mo Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘yë¶ kmZmoX¶ Zo OmUbobo hmoVo. emaXmgXZmMr

ñWmnZm EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>Zm Agë¶mMo Vo Z‘yX H$aVmV. ¶m g§X^m©V kmZmoX¶H$V} {b[hVmV

H$s, “AmOnmdVmo Iyn bT>m¶m Pmë¶m, nU ßbmgrÀ¶m qH$dm dm°Q>b©yÀ¶m bT>mB©bm B{VhmgmV

{deof ‘mZbo OmVo. H$maU Ë¶m‘wio amOH$s¶ ’o$a’$ma Pmbo. Ë¶mà‘mUo gÜ¶m emim Iyn AmhoV,

nU a‘m~mBªÀ¶m emioMo ‘hËd doJioM Amho. AmVm ór {ejUmV ZdrZ H«$m§Vr d ’o$a’$ma hmoUma

AmhoV.... AmOnmygZ 25 dfmªZr ¶m emioÀ¶m n[al‘mg Aer à{V’$io {‘iVrb H$s,

emioÀ¶m {damoYH$m§Mr Vm|S>o ~§X hmoVrb. Ë¶mg g‘Oob H$s, qhXþ ór Xþ:I n[a‘mO©Z eH$mg

B.g.11 ‘mM© 1889 amoOr Ama§^ Pmbm. øm eH$H$VuMo Zmd n§. a‘m~mB© hmo¶.”44

AemàH$mao emaXmgXZmMr gwédmV eH$mÀ¶m àma§^mBVH$s ‘hËdmMr hmoVr. ¶m eH$mg

qhXþ ór Xþ:I n[a‘mO©Z eH$ Ago åhQ>bo. n§. a‘m~mB©g eH$H$Vu ór Ago g§~moYbo.

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m ^mdr H$m¶m©{df¶rMm {dídmg kmZmoX¶‘Ü¶o ì¶³V Ho$bm hmoVm.

4.3.1 emaXmgXZmMr dmQ>Mmb :

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m KS>m‘moS>t{df¶Mr ‘m{hVr n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m nÌ ì¶dhmamdéZ g‘OVo.

a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m dm{f©H$ g^m§‘Yrb B{Vd¥Îmm‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZm{df¶rMr ‘hËdmMr

‘m{hVr {‘iVo.

emaXmgXZmMr gwédmV XmoZ {dÚmWuZrÀ¶m àdoemda Pmbr. n{hë¶m VrZ ‘{hÝ¶m§‘Ü¶o

gXZmbm Mm§Jbm à{VgmX {‘imbm. ‘wbtMr g§»¶m dmT>br. n§. a‘m~mBªZr 4 OyZ 1889 amoOr

{gñQ>a {OamëS>rZ ¶m§Zm nmR>{dboë¶m nÌmV {b[hbo H$s, “I have seven girls staying

with me, six of them are of the Brahmin Caste, I have eighteen girls in my

class”45

gßQ>|~a 1889 n¶ªV ‘wbtMr g§»¶m AmUIr dmT>br hmoVr.“ghm ‘{hÝ¶mV OoD$Z

ImD$Z amhUmè¶m 5, {Xdgm ’$³V Aä¶mgmgmR>r ¶oUmè¶m 3 d BVa gd© {‘iyZ 25 ‘{hbm

{dÚmWuZtMr g§»¶m Pmbr.”46

25 ‘{hbm {dÚmWuZtn¡H$s 17 {dÚmWuZr Hw$‘marH$m hmoË¶m.

n{hë¶m ghm ‘{hÝ¶mV 8 {dYdm emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o àdo{eV hmoË¶m. ¶mdéZ n§. a‘m~mBªZr

àdoemg§X^m©Vrb {dhrV {Z¶‘m§Zm ‘waS> KmVbobr {XgVo. {dYdm§gmo~V Hw$‘marH$m§Zmhr àdoe

{Xbm hmoVm. àdoemgmR>r {dYdoMo d¶ 20 dfm©nojm OmñV Agmdo Aer AQ> hmoVr. “JmoXþ~mB© ¶m

132

{dYdoMo àdoe KoVmZm d¶ drg ZìhVo. Va Mmodrg hmoVo.”47 ¶mdéZ n§. a‘m~mB© ‘wbtÀ¶m

àdoemg§X^m©V Vm§{ÌH$ Jmoï>rV AS>H$boë¶m {XgV ZmhrV. Hw$‘m[aH$m, {dYdm Agmo dm OmñVr

d¶mÀ¶m Agmo n§. a‘m~mBªZr gd©M JaOy {ó¶m§Zm emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o àdoe {Xbm. n§. a‘m~mB©

‘w³Vr {‘eZZo gZ 1989 ‘Ü¶o eVmãXr Amd¥Îmr àH$m{eV Ho$br hmoVr. Ë¶mVrb

H$mbnQ>m‘Ü¶o“gZ 1891 ‘Ü¶o 26 {dYdm d 13 Hw$‘marH$m emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o {eH$V hmoË¶m

Va 1896 ‘Ü¶o 39 {dYdm d 9 Hw$‘marH$m àdo{eV hmoË¶m. Aer ‘m{hVr {Xbr Amho.”48 12

‘mM© 1890 À¶m a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m dm{f©H$ gôÀ¶m B{Vd¥Îmm‘Ü¶o“emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o 51

{dÚmWuZr àdo{eV hmoË¶m, Ë¶mn¡H$s 34 {dÚmWuZr {dYdm hmoË¶m.”49 Ago Z‘yX Ho$bo Amho.

4.3.2 emaXmgXZmVrb àdo{eV {dÚmWuZtMm gm§»¶{H$¶ Vnerb :

A.H«$. df© {dYdm§Mr g§»¶m

{dYdm Zgboë¶m ‘wbtMr g§»¶m

emaXmgXZmV amhUmè¶m

’$³V emiogmR>r ¶oUmè¶m

EHy$U

1 1889 34 17 51 2 1891 26 13 34 05 39 3 1892 30 10 38 05 43 4 1893 38 11 49 5 1896 39 26 49 16 65 6 1897 86 13 99 7 1898 75 75

(g§X^© : a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZMo gZ 1890 Vo 1898 Mo dm{f©H$ Ahdmb.)

4.3.3 emaXmgXZMo nwUo ¶oWo ñWbm§Va :

Zmoìh|~a 1890 ‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZMo ñWbm§Va ‘w§~B©hÿZ nwUo ¶oWo Pmbo. ¶mH$mir nwUo

ehamV g‘mO gwYmaUm Midir gwé hmoË¶m. ¶m gwYmaUm§Zm {damoY H$aUmam ‘moR>m

gZmVÝ¶m§Mm JQ> hmoVm. Ë¶m‘wio n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m gwYmaUm H$m¶m©bm {damoY hmoÊ¶mMm g§^d hmoVm.

emaXmgXZmMo nwÊ¶mV ñWbm§Va åhUOo “d¡[a¶mÀ¶m Camdar nm¶ R>odmdm.”50 Agm à¶moJ hmoVm.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr H$moUVrhr {^Vr ~miJbr Zmhr. Ë¶m§Zr ‘wbtZm nwÊ¶mV AmUbo. hm

YmS>gr à¶moJ hmoVm.“nwÊ¶mg Amë¶mda {dÚmWuZtMr g§»¶m 64 hmoVr. Ë¶mV XþJm©~mB©

{H$bm}ñH$a, H$mer~mB© XodYa, doUwVmB© Zm‘Omoer øm {dÚmWuZr hmoË¶m.”51

133

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m ñWbm§VamMr H$maUo nwT>rb hmoVr.

1) ‘w§~B© ho ‘hmJS>o eha hmoVo. VoWo dg{VJ¥h Mmb{dÊ¶mMm IM© ’$ma ‘moR>m hmoVm. ¶m

g§X^m©V H¥$îUm~mB© JÐo {b[hVmV H$s, “gw‘mao EH$ dfm©Zo a‘m~mBªZr ‘w§~B©Mo RmUo hbdyZ

IMm©À¶m ‘mZmZo ñdñV d hdoerb Aem nwUo ehar Vo AmUbo.”52

2) ‘w§~B©Mo hdm‘mZ X‘Q> Amho. Ë¶m‘mZmZo nwÊ¶mMr hdm AmëhmXXm¶H$ Amho. Ë¶m‘wio

emaXmgXZMo ñWbm§Va nwUo ¶oWo Ho$bo hmoVo.

3) nwUo ho g‘mO g §H«$‘UmMo H|$Ð hmoVo. g‘mO n[adV©ZmMr ’$ma ‘moR>r nmíd©^y‘r ¶m

ehambm hmoVr. n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m n[aM¶mMr gwYmaH$ ‘§S>ir nwÊ¶m‘Ü¶oM hmoVr.

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm àmW©Zm g‘mOmZo nmqR>~m Xe©{dbm hmoVm. S>m°. am‘H¥$îU

^m§S>maH$a ¶m§Zr ñnï> Ho$bo hmoVr H$s, “Vwåhr A‘o[aH$Z ^{JZr qhXþñWmZÀ¶m {ó¶m§Mr

Xþ:Io H$‘r H$aÊ¶mgmR>r nwT>o ¶oV Amhm§ åhUyZ Amåhmbm ’$ma AmZ§X hmoV Amho. Vwåhmbm

gd© àH$maMr ‘XV XoÊ¶mMo Amåhr A{^dMZ XoVmo.”53 AemàH$mao nwÊ¶m‘Y yZ

emaXmgXZmgmR>r à{V{ð>V ‘§S>itMm d g‘mOgwYmaH$m§Mm nmqR>~m {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r

emaXmgXZMo ñWbm§Va nwUo ¶oWo Ho$bo.

4) n§. a‘m~mBªZr emaXmgXZ CÀMdUu¶ {dYdm§À¶m {ejUmgmR>r gwé Ho$bo hmoVo. nwUo ¶oWo

CÀMdUu¶ g‘mO OmñV hmoVm. ‘w§~B©À¶m VwbZoV nwÊ¶mVrb ór OrdZ éT>r na§naoZo

OmñV ~ÜX hmoVo. emaXmgXZmgmR>r {dYdm {dÚmWuZr nwÊ¶mV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda

CnbãY hmoUma hmoË¶m. åhUyZ emaXmgXZMo ñWbm§Va nwUo ¶oWo H$aÊ¶mV Ambo.

5) a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m ‘yi KQ>Zo‘Ü¶o “n§{S>Vm a‘m~mBªZr npíM‘ qhXþñWmZmVrb nwUo

ehamV qH$dm Ë¶m ehamOdi CÀMdUu¶ ~mb{dYdm§gmR>r emim H$mTy>Z Mmbdmdr.”54

Ago Z‘yX Ho$bo hmoVo. ‘mÌ n§. a‘m~mBªZr H$mhr {‘Ìm§À¶m gëë¶m‘wio emaXmgXZ

‘w§~B©g gwé Ho$bo hmoVo. hr ~m~ KQ>ZoÀ¶m {dnarV hmoVr. åhUyZ KQ>ZoZwgma

emaXmgXZmMo ñWbm§Va nwUo ¶oWo Ho$bo hmoVo.

nwÊ¶mV emaXmgXZmMr VmËnwaVr ì¶dñWm AmJmImZ n°bog‘Ü¶o H$aÊ¶mV Ambr hmoVr.

Ë¶mZ§Va H°$ånÀ¶m A{Ve¶ Mm§Jë¶m dñVr‘Ü¶o “emaXmgXZ gwé Pmbo. emaXmgXZmMr ZdrZ

134

B‘maV 42000 é. IM© H$éZ ~m§YÊ¶mV Ambr hmoVr. {VMm CX²KmQ>Z g‘ma§^ 26 Owb¡

1802 amoOr S>m°. AmË‘mam‘ nm§Sw>a§J øm§À¶m AÜ¶jVoImbr Pmbm.”55

4.3.4 emaXmgXZ‘Yrb {ejU :

n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m nÌì¶dhmamdéZ d a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m AhdmbmdéZ VoWrb

{ejU nÜXVr d à{H«$¶oMr ‘m{hVr {‘iVo. n§. a‘m~mBªZr {gñQ>a {OamëS>rZ ¶m§Zm nmR>{dboë¶m

nÌmV {b[hbo H$s, “Reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, history, needlework

and English fill our curriculum. We soon hope to increase our list of subject.”56

¶mdéZ gwédmVrbm dmMZ, boIZ, J{UV, ^yJmob, B{Vhmg B. nm¶m^yV kmZmda AmYm[aV

Aä¶mgH«$‘ gwé Ho$bm hmoVm. n§. a‘m~mBªZr {ó¶m§Zm ñdmdb§~r ~Z{dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm.

Ë¶mgmR>r Ë¶m ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejU XoV hmoË¶m. Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “I am going to start as

industrial department in my school prety soon. We shall at first teach the girls

how to make caps with silver embroidery upon them. They will also be taught

drawing plans and designs. They are at present taught plain sewing, mending

and embroidery.”57

emaXmgXZmVrb ‘wbtgmR>r àñVwV Ho$bobm Aä¶mgH«$‘ ‘hËdmH$m§jr AgyZ Ë¶mMo XmoZ

^mJ Ho$bo hmoVo. EH$ ^mJ åhUOo gmYmaU {ejU (General Educaiton) ¶m‘Ü¶o

{dÚmWuZtÀ¶m BÀN>oà‘mUo ‘amR>r, JwOamVr, B§J«Or d g§ñH¥$V ¶m ^mfm {eH${dë¶m OmV hmoË¶m.

VgoM Ë¶m ^mfoMo ì¶mH$aU {eH${dbo OmV hmoVo. ^yJmob, IJmob, B{Vhmg, J{UV,

agm¶Zemó, dZñnVremó, àmUremó, ^yJ ©emó, Amamo½¶emó, earaemó BË¶mXr

{df¶m§Mo Amdí¶H$ kmZ {Xbo OmV hmoVo. Aä¶mgH«$‘mMm Xþgam ^mJ, ì¶dgm{¶H$ {ejU hm

hmoVm. pñÌ¶m¨Mo Am{W©H$ namb§{~Ëd hr Ë¶m§À¶m AdZVrMo H$maU Amho Ago Ë¶m§Zm dmQ>V hmoVo.

¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zm ì¶dgm¶ {eH${dUo JaOoMo hmoVo. “emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o {edUH$m‘, H$m{eXm,

bmoH$arMo H$m‘, {MÌboIZ, [MZr ‘mVrÀ¶m ^m§S>çmda Zjr d {MÌo H$mT>Uo, ‘mVrMr {MÌo H$aUo,

’$moQ>moJ«m’$ KoUo, bmH$S>mda Zjr H$moaUo, ~wéS> H$m‘, qH$S>aJmQ>©Z {ejU nÜXVrMo {ejU

BË¶mXr {df¶m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVm.”58 {dÚmWuZtZm CXa{Zdm©hmMo gmYZ CnbãY H$éZ

XoÊ¶mgmR>r ì¶dgm{¶H$ {ejU {Xbo OmV hmoVo.

135

emaXmgXZm‘Ü¶o Aä¶mgnyaH$ CnH«$‘m§Mm g‘mdoe Ho$bm hmoVm. n§. a‘m~mBªZm

{dÚmWuZr‘Ü¶o Mm§Jbr OrdZ‘yë¶o éO{dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm. Ë¶mMm EH$ ^mJ åhUyZ “A

short lecture on ethics is delivered by Ramabai each morning from 10 to 10:30,

when all the pupils are present in the large school room.”59

embo¶, ì¶dgm{¶H$

{ejUm~amo~aM BVa g§ñH$ma Ho$bo OmV. ‘hmamï³> emgZmZo A{bH$S>À¶m H$mimV

‘yë¶{ejUmMm g‘mdoe embo¶ {ejUm‘Ü¶o Ho$bm Amho. hm à¶moJ n§. a‘m~mBªZr 125 dfm©nydu

Ho$bm hmoVm.

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o ‘wbt‘Ü¶o d¡km{ZH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm OmV

hmoVm. emaXmgXZm‘Ü¶o A§YlÕm {Z‘w©bZmMm Img CnH«$‘ hmoV hmoVm. Ë¶mMm EH$ ^mJ åhUyZ

“Miss Hamlin has tried to remove many of the superstitious feelings from the

minds of the Hindus”60 emaXmgXZ‘Yrb ‘wbt‘Yrb A§YlÜXm Xÿa H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {‘g

h°åbrZ ¶m§Zr Img dJ© KoVbo. OrdZmVrb pñWË¶§Vao H$m¶©H$maU ^mdmÀ¶m H$gmoQ>rda

VnmgÊ¶mMo {eH${dbo. ¶m g§X^m©V n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m M[aÌH$ma ³bo‘|{Q>Zm ~Q>ba {b[hVmV H$s,

“With her usual courage she denounced as a wild superstition the belief that if

the widow wore their hair long it would serve to bind their husband in hell and

asked the men how they would like to have their heads shaved because of the

death of a wife.”61 {dYdm§À¶m Ho$ednZmbm Ë¶m§Zr {damoY Ho$bm. Ho$ednZ, ~mb{ddmh B.

éT>t‘mJrb A§YlÜXm§da {Q>H$m Ho$br.

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o ~mb{ejU nY²XVrMo dJ© gwé hmoVo. Ë¶mbm qH$S>aJmQ>©Z {ejU nÜXVr

åhUVmV. ^maVm‘Ü¶o hr A{^Zd {ejU nÜXVr hmoVr. n§. a‘m~mB© gZ 1892 À¶m AhdmbmV

Z‘yX H$aVmV H$s, “We have added a new department to our school since last

october. A Kinder Garton training class has been started which is making good

progress. fourteen pupils and two teachers have joined the class.”62

qH$S>aJmQ>©Z

dJm©gmR>r AZoH$ {dYdm§Zm à{e{jV Ho$bo. ¶m dJm©‘Ü¶o {Z¶{‘VnUo bhmZ ‘wbm-‘wbtZm

~mb{ejU {Xbo OmV hmoVo. ¶mdéZ ~mb{ejU nÜXVrMm ^maVmVrb n{hbm ¶eñdr à¶moJ

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o am~{dbm hmoVm. ¶m{edm¶ emaXmgXZmV {MÌH$bm dJ©, g§JrV dJ© Mmb{dbo

OmV hmoVo.

136

OmZo 1876 ‘Ü¶o ‘°S>‘ gmoam~Or ¶m§Zr nwÊ¶m‘Ü¶o pìh³Q>mo[a¶m hm¶ñHy$b gwé Ho$bo

hmoVo. Ë¶m§Zr a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m H$m¶©H$mar ‘§S>imbm 27 OmZodmar 1893 amoOr nÌ

nmR>{dbo Ë¶mV emaXmgXZmÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘m~Ôb Jm¡admoX²Jma H$mT>bo ‘°S>‘ gmoam~Or {b[hVmV,

“The Government school schedule defines the curriculum of studies, but

beyond this, she is training them to be thrifty, helpful and energetic. It is a

liberal education in the true sense of the term.”63

n§. a‘m~mBªZr emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o AZm¡nMm[aH$ Aä¶mgH«$‘mVyZ OrdZmon¶moJr {ejU {Xbo.

{ejUmVyZ g‘mOn¶moJr ZmJ[aH$ KS>{dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm. ‘°S>‘ gmoam~Or emaXmgXZÀ¶m

{ejUm{df¶r ImÌr XoVmZm {b[hVmV H$s, “I am sure that with God‟s blessing, she

will succeed in educating these girls, so that they will become useful members

of society.”64

emaXmgXZZo hm {dídmg gmW© R>a{dbm hmoVm.

emaXmgXZ emioV ‘wbtZm gd© gmoB© gw{dYm nwa{dë¶m OmV hmoË¶m. “‘wbtZm ’w$H$Q>

{ejU XoUo, {Zdm©hmnwaVo Am{W©H$ ~i Zgboë¶m§Zm emioV amhÊ¶mMr OmJm XoUo, AÝZ-dó,

nwñVHo$ nwa{dUo BË¶mXr gmoB© nwa{dë¶m hmoË¶m.”65 Am{W©H$ n[apñWVrZwgma ’$s AmH$mabr OmV

hmoVr. ‘mÌ Vr EopÀN>H$ hmoVr. Ë¶mH$mir ór {ejU bmoH$g§‘V ZìhVo. {dYdm§Mo {ejU nmn

‘mZbo OmV hmoVo. Aem n[apñWVrV {ó¶m§Zm gmYmaU d ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejU XoD$Z Ë¶m§Mo

gj‘rH$aU gmYÊ¶mMm n§. a‘m~mBªMm CnH«$‘ H«$m§VrH$maH$ hmoVm.

n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m e¡j{UH$ H$m¶m©{df¶r O¶§Vr MH«$dVu {b[hVmV H$s, “She was the

first to introduce Kindergraton System of educaiton and also the first to give a

vocational bias to school education in India.”66

4.3.5 emaXmgXZ‘Yrb dmVmdaU :

n§. a‘m~mBªZr nwÊ¶mbm ñQ>oeZOdirb ~§Jë¶mV emaXmgXZ gwé Ho$bo. ¶oWrb dñVr

(Camp Area) A{Ve¶ Mm§Jbr hmoVr. {VWo gw§Xa dmVmdaU, Amam‘era amhUr, {dYdm§Mo

H$m¡VwH$ ¶mMo gwaoI dU©Z H¥$îUm~mB© JÐo ¶m§Zr Ho$bo Amho. H¥$îUm~mB© JÐo øm emaXmgXZmMr

n{hbr {dÚmWuZr emaXm {hMr ‘moR>r ~hrU hmoVr. n§. a‘m~mBªMo ghH$mar J§JmYan§V JÐo ¶m§Mr

H$Ý¶m hmoVr. Vr emaXmgXZMr {dÚmWuZr hmoVr. n§. a‘m~mBªZ§Va Ë¶m§Zr ~arM df} ‘w³VrgXZMo

H$m‘ nm{hbo. Ë¶m „ñ‘¥{Vgw‘Zo‟ ¶m nwñVH$mV {b[hVmV

137

H$s, “H$m¶ Ë¶m ~§Jë¶mMr emo^m d H$m¶ Vmo gw§Xa ’w$bm§Zr e¥§Jmabobm ~JrMm! {OH$S>o nm{hOo

{VH$S>o ‘moH$mQ> {’$aÊ¶mMr Amåhmbm ‘w^m! {XdmUImZm XoIrb Am‘Mr ~¡R>H$sMr OmJm,

gw§Xa H$moMm IyÀ¶mªda ~gyZ Jßnm ‘mamì¶mV! ~mJoV OmD$Z OmB©-OwB©, ‘moJam, M‘obr,

~Hw$im d ‘Yw‘mbVrÀ¶m doÊ¶m J§w’y$Z Ho$gm§da bmXmì¶mV; a‘m~mBªZr Amåhmbm ’w$bm§Mr d

PmS>m§Mr ‘m{hVr XoD$Z Xþ{~©UrV yZ Ë¶m§Mo narjU H$aÊ¶mg {eH$dmdo, H$m¶ Vo bmS> Aem

gw§Xa dmVmdaUmV Amnbo {Xdg Kmbdm¶bm H$moU ~mb{dYdm ¶oUma ZmhrV. {MÌo d

nwñVHo$ ¶m§Mm hdm VodT>m g§M¶, H$Yr H$Yr a‘m~mB© ñdV: nhmQ>o CRy>Z Amåhmbm

AmJmerda ZjÌo d Vmao nmhÊ¶mg ZoV AgV d Ë¶m§Mr Zmdo Amåhmbm ‘moR>çm AmdS>rZo

{eH$drV AgV.”67

emaXmgXZmMo dmVmdaU nmhÿZ n§. a‘m~mBªMm OrdZmH$S>o nmhÊ¶mMm AmY w{ZH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ

ñnï> hmoVmo. „AmZ§XXm¶r dmVmdaUmV AmZ§XXm¶r {ejU‟ hr A{^Zd H$ënZm am~{dbr hmoVr.

emaXmgXZmV ¶oÊ¶mnydu {dYdm AË¶§V ZH$mamË‘H$ OrdZ OJV hmoË¶m. Ë¶m§À¶m‘Ü¶o

{ZgJm©Vrb a{gH$Vm {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ n§. a‘m~mBªZr Ho$bm hmoVm. Ë¶m§Zr J «h-Vmè¶m§Mr

IJmobr¶ ‘m{hVr {Xbr. Ë¶m‘wio J «h-Vmè¶m§er g§~§{YV A§YlÜXm d g‘OyVr Xÿa hmoÊ¶mg

‘XV Pmbr. “a‘m~mBªZr ‘wbtZm {ZgJm©Vë¶m ’w$bm-nmZm§Mo gm¢X¶© nmhm¶bm {eH${dbo,

àmÊ¶m§da ào‘ H$am¶bm {eH${dbo.”68

Ë¶m§Zr ‘wbtMr g§doXZerbVm OmJ¥V Ho$br. ¶m g§X^m©V

à~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao {b[hVmV, “H$m¡Qw>§[~H$ d gm‘m{OH$ N>idmXmZo Á¶m§Mo OrdZ ZaH$V yë¶

Pmbo Amho Aem eoH$S>mo AZmW {Z An§J ^{JZtZm ào‘ d ‘mUwgH$sMm {Oìhmim ‘bm àË¶j

nQ>dyZ Úm¶Mm Amho. {MÌo {Z nwñVHo$ XmIdyZ OJmMr Ë¶m§Zm ‘m{hVr Úm¶Mr Amho.”69

Ago n§.

a‘m~mBªZm dmQ>V hmoVo. n§. a‘m~mBªZr {dYdm§Zm EH$ ì¶³Vr åhUyZ à{Vð>m {‘idyZ {Xbr.

AmË‘àoaUoMo ~i {Xbo. {ó¶m§Mo {deofV: {dYdm {ó¶m§Mo AmZ§XXm¶r ApñVËd hr g§H$ënZm

Ë¶m§Zr emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o {gÜX H$éZ XmI{dbr. AmOÀ¶m AmYw{ZH$ ór dmXmÀ¶m MidirMo

AmÚ‘yi emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o {XgyZ ¶oVo.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr àdo{eV {dYdm§Mo Ho$ednZ ~§X Ho$bo. Ë¶m§Zm Ho$g dmT>dm¶bm ‘w^m {Xbr.

hr Jmoï> AmZ§Xr~mBªÀ¶m AZw^dmdéZ {XgyZ ¶oVo. “AmZ§Xr~mB© gXZmV Amë¶mda hiy hiy

~mBªZr AmZ§Xr~mBªZm Ho$g dmT>{dÊ¶mg CÎmoOZ {Xbo. AmnU Ho$g dmT>{dV Amho ho H$moUmg

138

H$iyZ Z¶o åhUyZ AmZ§Xr~mB© S>moo³¶mdéZ nXa KoV d hZwdQ>rImbr goâQ>rnrZ bmdyZ Vmo KQ²>Q>

~gdrV.”70

AemàH$mao n§. a‘m~mBªZr eoH$Sm>o dfmªÀ¶m na§nam§{damoYmV gwYmaUoMo H$m¶© Ho$bo.

{dYdm§Zm gHo$em amhÊ¶mMm ‘m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma àmá H$éZ {Xbm. {ó¶m§À¶m ‘w³VrMo AmÚ

àdV©ZmMo H$m‘ emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o gwé hmoVo. n§. a‘m~mB© {ó¶m§À¶m ‘w³VrÀ¶m AmÚ àd{V©H$m

hmoË¶m. AmZ§Xr~mB© H$d} Amnë¶m „‘mPo nwamU‟ ¶m AmË‘M[aÌmV {b[hVmV, “A{Ve¶ hmbmVyZ

d Xþ:ImVyZ Amboë¶m øm {dYdm§Zm KaÀ¶m gmaIo dmQy>Z Ë¶m§Mo {Xdg gwImV OmdoV ømgmR>r

a‘m~mBªMr IQ>nQ> Ago.”71 emaXmgXZmÀ¶m dmVmdaUm{df¶r à~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao {b[hVmV H$s,

“nwUo ¶oWrb emaXm gXZmVrb ì¶dñWm {Z dmJUyH$ Aml‘ñW ‘wbtZm AJXr ‘mhoaKamgmaIr

dmQ>V Ago.”72 emaXmgXZmÀ¶m Aml‘r¶ OrdZm{df¶r EH$m {dÚmWuZrZo {b[hbo Amho. Vr

åhUVo, “~mB© Am‘À¶mer dmQ>ob {VVH$m doi ~mobV IoiV CnXoe H$arV ~gm¶À¶m. ‘wbtZm

AJXr gä¶nUo dmJmdo. ^m§J gai, nXa R>mH$R>rH$, nmofmI gmYm Agmdm, N>mZNw>H$s Ë¶mV

Zgmdr, ‘moR>çmZo ~moby Z¶o qH$dm {IXiy Z¶o. dS>rb OZmg ‘mZ Úmdm. {dÚmä¶mgmV JH©$ {Z

nS>ob Ë¶m H$m‘mbm VËna Agmdo hoM Ë¶m§Mo Amåhmbm {ejU Ago.”73

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m Aml‘r¶ OrdZmVrb AZw^d {dÚmWuZtZr {b[hbo AmhoV. ¶oWrb

{dÚmWuZr nÌmÛmao AZw^d H$WZ Ho$bo Amho. M§Ðm~mB© {hZo 30 ‘o 1889 ‘Ü¶o

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o àdoe KoVbm hmoVm. Xhmì¶m dfu Vr {dYdm Pmbr hmoVr. Vr a‘m~mB©

Agmo{gEeZbm nmR>{dboë¶m nÌmV {bhrVo H$s, “All the teachers are very kind to us,

and teach us very nicely and carefully, so when I see Pandita Ramabai and all

our teacher‟s trying to make us happy.”74

M§Ðm~mB©À¶m nÌmdéZ emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o {dYdm

‘wbtMr H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr Ago {XgVo. ÛmaH$m~mB© hr {dÚmWuZr Zdì¶m dfu {dYdm

Pmbr hmoVr. {VZo Agmo{gEeZbm ‘amR>r‘Ü¶o nÌ {b[hbo. Ë¶mMm ^mfm§VarV gmam§e

Imbrbà‘mUo Amho, Vr {bhrVo H$s, “I also am one of the little girls but I am very

fond of singing, we learn some small baby Marathi songs to English tunes.

There are five or six of us little ones and we have some very nice games

together in the evenings. We love staying here very much, all here are

kind.”75

ÛmaH$m~mB© ¶m§À¶m nÌmdéZ emaXmgXZmÀ¶m AmZ§XXm¶r dmVmdaUmMr H$ënZm ¶oVo.

{dYdm§À¶m H$bmJwUm§Zm dmd {Xbm OmV hmoVm Ago {XgyZ ¶oVo. ~a‘m~mB© hr gmVì¶m dfu

139

{dYdm Pmbr hmoVr. AË¶§V Jar~ hmoVr. Cnmg‘marZo ÌñV hmoVr. {VÀ¶m OrdZmV {Zamem

hmoVr. Vr ’o$~«wdmar 1890 ‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o XmIb Pmbr. Vr {bhrVo H$s, “I am very

glad to inform you that I am very happy here and Pandita Ramabai and our

dear teachers are trying their best to make us happy.”76

~a‘m~mB© gma»¶m

ZH$mamË‘H$ OrdZ OJUmè¶m {dYdm§À¶m OrdZmV AmZ§X {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mMo H$m‘

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o hmoV hmoVo.

H¥$îUm~mB© hr {dÚmWuZr ~mamì¶m dfu {dYdm Pmbr hmoVr. Vr emaXmgXZmÀ¶m g§X^m©V

{bhrVo H$s, “I think there is no other school in India where the girls are so happy

and where they have their own ways and customs and such good system of

teaching.”77

H¥$îUm~mBªZr ¶m nÌmVyZ emaXmgXZ{df¶r A{^‘mZ ì¶³V Ho$bm. ¶oWo gd©

{dYdm§Zm ñdV:À¶m éT>tMo nmbZ H$aÊ¶mMr ‘w^m hmoVr.

darb nÌm§Vrb ‘OHy$am§déZ bjmV ¶oVo H$s, emaXmgXZmVrb {dÚmWuZr AmZ§Xr

ghOrdZmMm gwIX AZw^d KoV hmoË¶m. {dYdm åhUyZ g‘mOmZo Ë¶m§Zm {PS>H$mabo hmoVo. ¶oWo

Ë¶m§Zm ào‘mMr D$~ {‘imbr. ¶oWrb {ejUm‘wio ‘mUyg åhUyZ OJÊ¶mMr g§Yr {‘imbr. Ë¶m

{dYdm§Zm ñdApñVËdmMm gÝ‘mZ {‘imbm.

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m dmVmdaUmV {dYdm§‘Ü¶o gH$mamË‘H$ ~Xb hmoV hmoVm. n§. a‘m~mB© Ë¶m

~Xbm§Mr Zm|X KoV hmoË¶m. emaXmgXZmÀ¶m Ahdmbm‘Ü¶o Ë¶m§Zr nmR>{dboë¶m nÌm§‘Ü¶o,

amoO{Zer‘Ü¶o {dYdm§‘Ü¶o hmoV Agbobo ~Xb {bhrV hmoË¶m. {dYdm§‘Ü¶o hmoV Agboë¶m

~Xbm§Mr Zm|Xr Ë¶m§Zr 7 Am°³Q>mo~a 1889 amoOr {gñQ>a {OamëS>rZ ¶m§Zm nmR>{dboë¶m nÌmV

Ho$br Amho. Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “There were a good many flower plants in our

compound. but no child seemed to care for them for a long time. So one day I

gathered a number of different kinds of flowers, showed them and gave a talk

on flowers, to the girls, told them the uses and varieties, and showed the beauty

of flowers. Ever since that time a day not passed by on which a flower was not

brought to me by one or another child with a sweet look and expression in her

eyes.”78

140

Aem àH$mao emaXmgXZm‘Ü¶o {dYdm§À¶m ‘yiÀ¶m pñWVr‘Ü¶ o Am‘wbmJ« ~Xb Pmbo. ¶m

~Xbm§Mo énm§Va n[adV©Zm‘Ü¶o Pmbo Ë¶m‘wio ór n[adV©ZmÀ¶m MidirV emaXmgXZMo ñWmZ

‘hËdnyU© Amho.

4.4 ‘hfu Ym|S>mo Ho$ed H$d} ¶m§Mm {ddmh :

‘hfu H$d} d JmoXþ~mB© ¶m§Mm {ddmh 11‘mM© 1883 amoOr Pmbm. JmoXþ~mB© hr

emaXmgXZmVrb n{hbr {dYdm {dÚmWuZr hmoVr. “n{hbo b½Z Pmbo Voìhm JmoXþ~mB©Mo d¶ AdKo

AmR> dfm©Mo hmoVo. Va {VMo {~Oda nVr {VÀ¶mnojm gVam dfmªZr ‘moR>o hmoVo. b½Z d¡emImV

Pmbo Am{U nwT>o ^mÐnXmV Ë¶m§Zm d¡Yì¶ Ambo. {dYdoda AgUmar gd© ~§YZo EdT>çm ~mbd¶mV

JmoXþ~mBªda Ambr.”79

gXZmV ¶oÊ¶mnydu JmoXþ~mBªZr XmoZ doim AmË‘hË¶oMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm hmoVm. JmoXþ~mB©Zo

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o 11 ‘mM© 1889 amoOr àdoe KoVbm hmoVm. Ë¶mdoir {VMo d¶ 24 hmoVo. Vr

àW‘ Kar amhÿZM gXZmÀ¶m emioV OmV hm oVr. nwT>o Vr gXZmV ahm¶bm Ambr. “JmoXþÀ¶m

H$m‘mgmR>r ~Xbr åhUyZ Kar JS>r R>odm¶bm JmoXþÀ¶m ~m~m§Zm n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB© 50 é. XoV.”80

JmoXþ~mB© Mma df} emaXmgXZmV am[hë¶m. emaXmgXZmVrb ‘w³V d àgÝZ dmVmdaUm‘wio

{VÀ¶m OrdZmbm Zdr Ñï>r {‘imbr.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr Ym|S>mo Ho$ed H$d} d JmoXþ~mB© ¶m§À¶m {ddmhmÀ¶m àñVmdmg haH$V KoVbr

hmoVr. “H$d} ¶m§Mr àH¥$Vr {H$aH$moi Amho. {edm¶ Ë¶m§Zm ~mam dfm©Mm n{hbm ‘wbJm Amho. Ë¶m§Mm

nJma WmoS>m Amho.”81Ago gm§JÊ¶mMm Ë¶m§Mm hoVy hmoVm. H$d} earamZo {H$aH$moi hmoVo. Vo Jar~

hmoVo. Ë¶m‘wio Vo JmoXþ~mB©bm gwImV R>odVrb ¶mMm {dídmg Ë¶m§Zm dmQ>V ZìhVm. “nwT>o ¶m

b½Zmg ‘mÝ¶Vm XoVmZm Ë¶m§Zr ì¶dhmar YmoaU R>odyZ H$ì¶mªZm Ë¶m§Mr 3000 é. Mr {d‘m

nm°{bgr JmoXþ~mB©À¶m Zmdmda H$am¶bm bmdbr d b¾ WmQ>mZo bmdyZ {Xbo.”82

¶m‘mJo JmoXþ~mB©Mr

^{dî¶H$mbrZ Am{W©H$ gwa{jVVm hm hoVy hmoVm. n{V {ZYZmZ§Va órMr Am{W©H$ gwa{jVVm

OnÊ¶mM à¶ËZ Ë¶m§Zr Ho$bm. “¶m {ddmhmÀ¶m b½Z n{ÌHo$da lr. am‘^mD$ Omoer d Jmonmi

JUoe AmJaH$a ¶m§À¶m gøm hmoË¶m d H$d} ‘wbrer Mm§Jbo dmJVrb, {VMo Am¶wî¶ gwImMo

hmoB©b ¶m~Ôb Img VOdrO H$aVrb ¶m~Ôb AmJaH$a Om‘rZ am[hbo hmoVo.”83

141

{dYdm nwZ{d©dmhmMm {dMma emaXmgXZmV àË¶j H¥$VrV AmUbm hmoVm. n§. a‘m~mBªZr

nwT>o ‘w{³V gXZm‘Ü¶o {ddmh {d^mJ ñWmnZ Ho$bm. hOmamo AZmW d {dYdm ‘wbtMo {ddmh

KS>dyZ AmUbo. “JmoXþ~mB©À¶m dmQ>çmbm Ambobm IS>Va d¡Yì¶ H$mi OmD$Z nwÝhm

gm¡^m½¶dVrMo AmZ§X‘¶ OrdZ Ho$di n§. a‘m~mBª‘wioM Ambo hmoVo.”84

4.5 n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©Mm B§S>mo{Z{e¶mda à^md :

EH$mo{Ugmì¶m eVH$mV B§S>moZo{e¶m hm gZmVZ {dMmagaUrMm ‘wpñb‘ Xoe hmoVm. ¶m

Xoemda S>Mm§Mo amÁ¶ hmoVo. VoWo “{ó¶m§Zm d¶mÀ¶m ~mamì¶m dfm©Z§Va KamÀ¶m ~mhoa nS>Uo ho

gm‘m{OH$ nmVH$ g‘Obo OmB©. ór {ejUmMr H$ënZm H$moUr H$é eH$V ZìhVm.”85

B§S>moZo{e¶mÀ¶m amOH$Ý¶oMo Zmd H$m{Q>©Zr hmoVo. S>M A{YH$mè¶m§À¶m CÎmoOZm‘wio {Vbm àmW{‘H$

emioV {eH$Ê¶mMr nadmZJr {‘imbr hmoVr. Vr ’«|$M ^mfm {eH$br hmoVr. “EH$Xm EH$m ’«|$M

dV©‘mZ nÌmV a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©{df¶r {VZo dmMbo d Amnë¶m XoemVhr {ó¶m§Mr àJVr

ìhm¶bm hdr hr H$ënZm Ë¶m ‘wbrÀ¶m bhmZem S>mo³¶mV Kmoiy bmJbr. {VZo ¶wamon‘Ü¶o

nwîH$iem nÌ ‘¡{ÌUr (Pen Friends) {‘i{dë¶m. Amnë¶m Mma q^VrÀ¶m AmV ~gyZ H$aVm

¶oB©b Vo Vr H$é bmJbr d {VÀ¶m IQ>nQ>rZo ór {ejUmg gwédmV Pmbr.”86

AmO B§S>moZo{e¶m nwamoJm‘r {dMmam§Mm Xoe åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmVmo. OJmVrb gdm©{YH$

‘wpñb‘ bmoH$dñVr ¶m XoemV Amho. AmO {VWo AmYw{ZH$ {dMmagaUr AmT>iVo. ¶oWrb {ó¶m

gd© VèhoMo {ejU KoV AmhoV d amï´>mÀ¶m àJVrbm hmV^ma bmdV AmhoV.

“amOH$Ý¶m H$m{Q>©ZrMm nÌg§J«h nwT>o „Through Darkness in to light‟øm ZmdmZo

à{gÜX H$aÊ¶mV Ambm. Ë¶mV Amnë¶m øm H$m‘mMo CÎmoOZ Amnë¶mbm a‘m~mBªÀ¶m

CXmhaUmZo àmá Pmbo Ago [VZo åhQ>bo Amho.”87 B§S>moZo{e¶m‘Ü¶o ór {ejUmMr gwédmV n§.

a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ñ’y$VuZo Pmbr Ago Ë¶mV Z‘yX Ho$bo Amho.

4.6 n§{S>Vm a‘m~mBªMr amï³>r¶ H$m±J«og A{YdoeZmVrb H$m‘{Jar : ({S>g|. 1889)

^maVr¶ amï´>r¶ H$m±J«ogMo nmMdo A{YdoeZ 26 {S>g|~a Vo 28 {S>g|~a 1889 amoOr

‘w§~B© ¶oWo âbo hmoVo. “¶m A{YdoeZm‘Ü¶o Am¶© ‘{hbm g‘mO d ‘ÚnmZ {ZfoY gôÀ¶m AmR>

142

ór à{V{ZYr gh^mJr Pmë¶m hmoË¶m.”88 øm XmoÝhr g§ñWm n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ZoV¥ÎdmImbr

Mmbë¶m hmoË¶m. amï³>r¶ H$m±J«ogÀ¶m A{YdoeZmV ^mJ KoUmè¶m Ë¶m n{hë¶m ‘{hbm à{V{ZYr

hmoË¶m.

amï³>r¶ H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ g§në¶mda Ë¶mM ‘§S>nmV gm‘m{OH$ n[afX âV Ago. ¶m

gm‘m{OH$ n[afXo‘Ü¶o lr. gw~«‘Ê¶‘ Aæ¶a ¶m§Zr Ho$ednZmg§~§Yr R>amd ‘m§S>bm hmoVm. Ë¶mbm

AZw‘moXZ XoVmZm n§. a‘m~mBªZr H«$m§VrH$mar {dMma ‘m§S>bo. Ë¶m åhUmë¶m, “{dYdm d¶mV

Amë¶mda AmnU H$go amhm¶Mo Vo R>a{dÊ¶mMr {Vbm g§nyU© ‘moH$irH$ Agmdr. Amnbo Ho$g

dmT>dmdo Ago Oa {Vbm dmQ>V Agob Va Vgo H$aÊ¶mg {Vbm g§nyU© ñdmV§Í¶ Agmdo.”89

BÀN>o{déÜX Ho$ednZ hm nrZb H$moS>Imbr JwÝhm hmoVm. Ago H¥$Ë¶ H$aUmè¶mg VrZ df} g³V

‘OwarMr {ejm hmoVr. ‘mÌ ¶m H$m¶ÚmMo nmbZ hmoV Zgë¶mMr I§V Ë¶m§Zr ì¶³V Ho$br.

Ho$ednZmÀ¶m g§X^m©V ¶m A{YdoeZmV R>amd ‘m§S>bm hmoVm H$s, “The disfiguremet of

child that age without the consent of the widow, recorded in writing before a

Panch and a magistrate, should be prohibited by law”90

n§. a‘m~mBªZr ¶m R>amdm‘Ü¶o

XþéñVr gwM{dbr. Ho$ednZmg§X^m©V 18 dfm©Mr AQ> aX²X H$amdr Ago gwM{dbo. ¶m gm‘m{OH$

n[afXoV Ë¶m§Zr {ó¶m§À¶m ‘wb^yV {ZU©¶ ñdmV§Í¶mMm AmJ«h Yabm. g‘mO gwYmaUogmR>r

bmoH$OmJ¥Vr gmo~V H$m¶ÚmMr JaO Agë¶mMo gm§{JVbo. {ó¶m§Zm H$m¶ÚmMo kmZ nm{hOo,

VgoM H$m¶Xo dmnaÊ¶mMo Y¡¶© hdo hm H«$m§VrH$mar {dMma ‘m§S>bm. n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ¶m

H$m‘{Jar{df¶r E‘. g§VmofHw$‘ma {b[hVmV H$s, “This marked the beginning of the

women‟s entry into politics and their involvement in political and national

welfare activities.”91

amOH$s¶ ì¶mgnrR>mda {dMma ‘m§S>Umè¶m Ë¶m n{hbm ‘{hbm hmoË¶m.

4.7 g§‘Vr d¶mÀ¶m {~bmg nmR>t~m : (Am°JñQ> 1890)

n§. a‘m~mBªZr g§‘Vr d¶mÀ¶m {~bmbm nmqR>~m {Xbm hmoVm. ¶m H$m¶Úmg§X^m©V

gm‘m{OH$ Midi gwé hmoVr. Ë¶m§Zr ¶mV {ó¶m§Mr ~mOy ‘m§S>br hmoVr. “1860 À¶m nrZb

H$moS>À¶m H$b‘ 375 H$m¶ÚmZwgma 10 dfm©À¶m AmVrb nËZrer Ho$bob o g‘mJ‘ hm ~bmËH$ma

143

R>abm hmoVm.”92 Xhm dfm©À¶m AmVrb órer nwéfmZo g§^moJ Ho$bm Va Zdè¶mbm H$m¶ÚmZo

{ejm ìhmdr, hr H$m¶ÚmMr ~mOy hmoVr.

g§‘Vrd¶mMm H$m¶Xm gZ 1891 ‘Ü¶o nmg Pmbm. hm H$m¶Xm hmoÊ¶mg ’w$b‘Ur

IQ>bm VËH$mbrH$ H$maU R>abm. “’w$b‘{Ubm Xhm df} g§nyU © AH$amdo bmJbo. VoìhmM {VMm

O~ar g§^moJmZo ‘¥Ë¶y AmoT>mdbm hmoVm, åhUyZ H$moQ>©‘Ü¶o Vmo ~bmËH$ma R>abm ZìhVm.”93 ¶m‘wio

g§‘Vr d¶mMm dmX gwé Pmbm. g§‘VrMo d¶ 10 EodOr 12 H$amdo Aer MMm© gwé Pmbr. n§.

a‘m~mBªZr g§‘VrMo d¶ dmT>{dÊ¶mgmR>r gm‘m{OH$ à~moYZ Ho$bo. g§‘Vr d¶mÀ¶m {~bmMm

{hararZo nwañH$ma Ho$bm. “g§‘Vr d¶mMm {dMma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Am¶© ‘{hbm g‘mOmMr g^m

âbr hmoVr. ¶m gôg 100 Hw$brZ {ó¶m hOa hmoË¶m. ¶m gôV n§. a‘m~mBªZr b½Z Pmboë¶m

‘wbrMo g‘mJ‘ZmMo d¶ dmT>{dUmè¶m {~bmMm OmoaXma nwañH$ma Ho$bm.”94

¶m g^ oV ‘wbrMo

g‘mJ‘ZmMo d¶ 12 Agmdo Aer ‘mJUr Jobr. 14 dfm©À¶m AmVrb ‘wbrZo ‘mV¥Îd pñdH$mé

Z¶o Ago gwM{dbo. n§. a‘m~mBªZr ór Mr earaaMZm, {VMo d¶mV ¶oUo d bhmZ d¶mV

b¢{JH$Voda ¶oUmam X~md ¶m{df¶r MMm© KS>dyZ AmUbr.

g§‘{V{~bmÀ¶m g§X^m©V VËH$mbrZ gwYmaH$m§Zr d gZmVZr ‘§S>itZr gH$mamË‘H$ d

ZH$mamË‘H$ ^y{‘H$m ‘m§S>br. ¶m {~bmg {damoY H$aUmè¶m§Mr ^y{‘H$m Y‘© ^mdZoer OmoS>bobr

hmoVr. Vo {ó¶m§À¶m Z¡g{J©H$ OrdZmMm {dMma H$arV ZìhVo. n§{S>Vm a‘m~mBªZr“g§‘{V d¶mÀ¶m

H$m¶ÚmMr ‘mJUr H$aUmè¶m§Mo A{^Z§XZ Ho$bo. Amnbm nmqR>~m {Xbm Am{U gaH$maZo g§‘{V

d¶mMm H$m¶Xm H$amdm Agm AO© gaH$maH$S>o nmR>{dbm. Ë¶m AOm©da nwÊ¶mVbm {VZeo {ó¶m§Zr

gøm Ho$ë¶m hmoË¶m.”95

n§. a‘m~mBªZr ¶m {~bmMm g§~§Y ‘wbrÀ¶m emar[aH$ n[an¹$Voer

OmoS>bm. Aënd¶rZ ‘wbtZm g‘mJ‘ZmgmR>r àd¥Îm H$aUohr Ë¶m§Zm ‘mÝ¶ ZìhVo. ‘wbt‘Ü¶o ór-

nwéf g§~§YmVrb Z¡g{J©H$ ^mdZoVrb n[an¹$Vm Amë¶mda g‘mJ‘ ìhmdm hm ‘hËdmMm {dMma

‘m§S>bm. Aënd¶mVrb g‘mJ‘mMr g³Vr Ho$ë¶mda ‘wbt‘Ü¶o {Z‘m©U hmoUmè¶m emar[aH$

ì¶mYtH$S>o bj doYbo. n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m Ñï>rZo g§‘{V{~b ‘hËdmMo hmoVo. ¶m g§X^m©V Ë¶m

{b[hVmV, “Last year when a great agitation concerning the Age of Consent Bill

was exciting the country and another movement in the interest of stopping

terrible opium traffic was urged among our people:”96

144

g§‘{Vd¶mÀ¶m {~bm‘wio ‘wbtMo g‘mJ‘ZmMo d¶ dmT>Uma hmoVo. ¶m {~bmH$S>o n§{S>Vm

a‘m~mBªZr gH$mamË‘H$ gm‘m{OH$ ~Xb ¶m Ñï>rZo nm{hbo.

4.8 emaXmgXZ‘Yrb {dÚmWuZtÀ¶m h{H$H$Vr :

n§. a‘m~mBªMo EH$ {MH$Q>~wH$ ‘wp³V {‘eZÀ¶m g§J«hmb¶mV Amho. Ë¶mV ‘wbtÀ¶m

h{H$H$Vr {bhÿZ R>odboë¶m AmhoV. n§. a‘m~mBªZr {gñQ>a {OamëS>rZ ¶m§Zm nmR>{dboë¶m nÌm‘Ü¶o

{dYdm ‘wbtMr ‘m{hVr {bhrbr hmoVr. ép³‘Ur~mB© hr {dYdm {dÚmWuZr hmoVr. d¶mÀ¶m 21

ì¶m dfu Vr {dYdm Pmbr hmoVr. d¶mÀ¶m 22 ì¶m dfu Vr emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o XmIb Pmbr hmoVr.

Aer ‘m{hVr a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m gZ 1891 À¶m dm{f©H$ Ahdmbm‘Ü¶o à{gÜX Pmbr

hmoVr. “{VÀ¶m gmgy-gmgè¶mZo {VMm AZpÝdV N>i ‘m§S>bm hmoVm. AmT>çmbm Xmoa ~m§YyZ

Ë¶mda {Vbm KmoS>r XoV. åhUOo daVr AmT>çmbm ~m§Yboë¶m Xmoarbm Q>m§JV, {VZo Imbr CS>r

‘mé Z¶o åhUyZ Imbr H$mQ>o qH$dm {ZImao ngarV. Aem arVrZo {~Mmarbm Vmg Z² Vmg

bm|~H$iV ahmdo bmJo.”97

n§. a‘m~mBªZr {gñQ>a {OamëS>rZbm 23 {S>g|~a 1892 amoOr nmR>{dboë¶m nÌm‘Ü¶o

Vmam ¶m ~mb{dYdoMr h{H$H$V {Xbr Amho. Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “She is a Brahmin by caste.

When only 5 years of age, she was sold by her parents who took Rs.100 from a

man of 45 years of age and gave her in marriage to him. He died within a year

after this miserable marriage leaving a baby widow of six years behind him...

from the time of her husband‟s death. She began to be treated most cruelty by

these people.”98

“{VMm gmgy, Xra d OmD$ ¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z N>i hmoV hmoVm. {VÀ¶m Vm|S>mda

Am{U gmè¶m A§Jmda Vmnboë¶m nirMo S>mJM S>mJ XoÊ¶mV Ambo hmoVo.”99 n§. a‘m~mBªZr {VMr

gwQ>H$m H$aÊ¶mgmR>r XmoZ ‘mUgo nmR>{dbr hmoVr. “{Vbm ~mBªÀ¶m bmoH$m§Zr Vm~S>Vmo~ ‘wgb‘mZr

‘wbrMm nmofmI MT>{dbm Am{U {VKo ñQ>oeZda nmohmoMbo.”100

AemàH$mao Vmam ¶m ~mb{dYdoMr

gwQ>H$m Ho$br.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr gZ 1892 À¶m nÌm‘Ü¶o gañdVr Mr h{H$H$V {Xbr Amho. gañdVr

AR>am dfmªMr d¡í¶ {dYdm hmoVr. “{VÀ¶m AmB©-dS>rbm§Zr AmR>ì¶m dfu Hw§$Q>UImÝ¶mV

{dH$Ê¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm hmoVm. VoWyZ {VMr gwQ>H$m eoOmè¶m§‘wio Pmbr. 11 dfmªMr Pmë¶mda

{VMm {ddmh Pmbm. {Vbm EH$ ‘yb Pmbo... {VMm Zdam ô¥X¶{dH$mamZo ‘aU nmdbm. {VMm N>i

145

gwé Pmbm. e odQ>r ‘yb H$moUmÀ¶m Var XmamV Q>mHy$Z Úm¶Mo d AmË‘hË¶m H$am¶Mr Ago {VZo

R>a{dbo”101

n§. a‘m~mBªZr {Vbm Amgam {Xbm.

{OD$ ZmdmÀ¶m ~mb{dYdoMr H$Wm ô¥X¶ÐmdH$ Amho. “{OD$M§ bhmZnUrM EH$m

d¥ÜXmer b½Z bmdyZ XoÊ¶mV Ambo. åhmVmam AmOmar nS>bm. ZD$ dfm©Mr {OD$ Ë¶mMr godm

H$arV hmoVr. Zdam ~am ìhmdm åhUyZ {VÀ¶m‘mJo d«V, CÚmnZ§ bmdyZ {Xbr. Zdam ‘obm, {VÀ¶m

nyd©OÝ‘rM§ nmn åhUyZ N>i dmT>bm. Vr nmoa ‘mhoar niyZ Ambr. {VWohr AneHw$Zr åhUyZ

{S>dMÊ¶mV Ambo. nwT>o AmB©-~mn dmabo. ^md^mdO¶tZr N>i Ho$bm. eodQ>r N>i gmogdoZm

åhUyZ Ord Úm¶bm ZXrda Ho$br, nU ‘obr Zmhr.”102

nwT>o nmobrgm§Zr {Xbm emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o

AmUbo. n§. a‘m~mBªZr {VMm gm§^mi H$éZ {ejU {Xbo.

n§. a‘m~mB© 7 Am°³Q>mo~a 1889 À¶m nÌm‘Ü¶o H$mer ¶m ~mb{dYdoMo dU©Z H$aVmV.

Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “Kashi – this is her name – looked nothing but a Skeleton covered

with skin. She had such a sad forlorn look. it made my heart ache and tears

came in my eyes to see that child in such a bad condition.”103

H$mer~mB© hr ~«måhU

{dYdm 12 ì¶m dfu emaXmgXZmV Ambr hmoVr. 11 ì¶m dfu Vr {dYdm Pmbr hmoVr.

Zdè¶mH$S>rb bmoH$m§Zr {VMo Iyn hmb Ho$bo hmoVo. Cnmg‘marZo dmB©Q> AdñWm Pmbr hmoVr.

darb ~mb{dYdm§Mm CëboI CXmhaUmXmIb Ho$bm Amho. emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o àdo{eV

{dÚmWuZtMm Vn{eb nwT>rb V³Ë¶m‘Ü¶o {Xbm Amho. ¶m V³Ë¶m‘Ü¶o Xe©{dboë¶m {dÚmWuZr

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m gZ 1890 ‘Ü¶o nQ>mda hmoË¶m.

146

emaXmgXZ‘Yrb àdo{eV {dÚmWuZtMm Vnerb (gZ 1890) {dYdm {dÚmWuZr

A.H«$. {dÚmWuZrMo

Zmd OmV

àdoe KoVo doir d¶

{dYdm {ddmhrV

H$s A{ddmhrV

{dYdm hmoVo doiMo d¶

nÎmm

àdoe KoVmZm ‘amR>rMo kmZ

àdoe {XZm§H$

{Zdmgr H$s

A{Zdmgr

‘XV H$moUr Ho$br

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o àdoem nyduMr pñWVr

1 JmoXþ~mB© ~«m÷U 22 {dYdm 8 aËZm{Jar Zmhr 11 ‘mM© 1889

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ Hw$Qy>§~mH$Sy>Z H$miOr KoVbr OmV ZìhVr, Xþ:Ir OrdZ, Ü¶o¶hrZ OrdZ

2 M§Ðm~mB© d¡í¶ 19 {dYdm 10 ‘w§~B© 3 B¶Îmm 30 ‘o 1889

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ gwpñWVrV hmoVr, ~mb{e{jH$m hmoVr, hþema hmoVr.

3 {dR>m~mB© d¡í¶ 19 {dYdm 11 ‘w§~B© Zmhr 15 OyZ 1889

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ gXZmV ¶oÊ¶mnydu Cnmg‘ma hmoV hmoVr, AmVm AmZ§Xr Amho.

4 R>Hy$~mB© ~«m÷U 20 {dYdm 7 nwUo 2 B¶Îmm 1 Owb¡ 1889

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ {ZamYma ‘XVhrZ d Cnmg‘marZo ÌñV hmoVr.

5 ^mJy~mB© d¡í¶ 20 {dYdm 15 ‘w§~B© Zmhr 15 Owb¡ 1889

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ {ZamYma ‘XVhrZ d Cnmg‘marZo ÌñV hmoVr.

6 H$mer~mB© ~«m÷U 12 {dYdm 11 ~mgoZ àmW{‘H$ 30 Owb¡ 1889

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ Zdè¶mH$S>rb ZmVodmB©H$m§H$Sy>Z hmb Ho$bo OmV hmoVo, Cnmg-‘marZo dmB©Q> AdñWm.

7 nmd©Vr~mB© d¡í¶ 12 {dYdm 11 ‘w§~B© àmW{‘H$ OyZ

1890 {Zdmgr emaXmgXZ

^mdmH$Sy>Z Mm§Jbr dmJUyH$ {‘iV hmoVr.

147

8 ~a‘m~mB© ~«m÷U 16 {dYdm 7 h¡Ðm~mX -- ’o$~«wdmar 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ AË¶§V Jar~, OrdZm‘Ü¶o {Zamem hmoVr, Cnmg‘marZo ÌñV.

9 Vw§Jm~mB© ~«m÷U 15 {dYdm 12 XþJm©

‘§Jiya Zmhr

15 OyZ 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ {ZamYma ‘XVhrZ d AË¶§V dmB©Q> OrdZ OJV hmoVr.

10 ‘Wwam~mB© ~«m÷U 12 {dYdm 11 amhÿar Zmhr ‘o


Cnmg‘marZo ÌñV d dmB©Q> dmJUyH$ {‘iV hmoVr.

11 OmZH$s~mB© ~«m÷U 20 {dYdm 17 nmaZoa àmW{‘H$ 15 OyZ 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ {‘Ìm§H$Sy>Z H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr ‘mÌ Zoh‘r AmOmar Ago.

12 {JarOm~mB© ~«m÷U 20 {dYdm 19 nwUo àmW{‘H$ Am°JñQ> 1890

{Zdmgr {‘Ìm§Zr gwpñWVrV hmoVr ‘mÌ OrdZm‘Ü¶o {Zamem hmoVr.

13 gB©~mB© ~«m÷U 17 {dYdm 6.5 ~S>moXm Zmhr gßQ>o~a 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ ~oKa {ZamYma ^Q>Ho$ OrdZ hmoVo, Cnmg~marZo ÌñV hmoVr.

14 H¥$îUm~mB© ~«m÷U 15 {dYdm 12 nwUo 1 B¶Îmm Zmoìh|~a 1890

A{Zdmgr {‘Ìm§Zr gwpñWVrV hmoVr, ZmVodmB©H$m§-H$Sy>Z H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr.

15 ÛmaH$m~mB© ~«m÷U 9 {dYdm 8 nwUo àmW{‘H$ Zmoìh|~a 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ AË¶§V Jar~, ZmVodmB©H$m§Zr Kam~mhoa H$mT>bo hmoVo.

16 é³‘rUr~mB© ~«m÷U 22 {dYdm 21.5 ‘mbm ‘§Jiya

Zmhr Zmoìh|~a 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ pñWVr ~ar hmoVr ‘mÌ gVV AmOmar Ago.

17 é³‘rUr~mB© ~«m÷U 17 {dYdm 16 XþJm©

‘§Jiya Zmhr

Zmoìh|~a 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ AË¶§V Jar~, O~aXñVrZo dmB©Q> ‘mJm©bm bmdbo hmoVo.

18 H$mer~mB© ~«m÷U 9 {dYdm 8 XþJm©

‘§Jiya Zmhr

Zmoìh|~a 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ ZmVodmB©H$m§H$Sy>Z AË¶mMma hmoV hmoVm, dmB©Q> à^md nS>bm hmoVm.

148

19 ào‘m~mB© ~«m÷U 23 {dYdm 21 gmVmam 2 B¶Îmm {S>g|~a 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ ~oKa {ZamYma ^Q>Ho$ OrdZ hmoVo, Cnmg‘marZo ÌñV hmoVr.

20 é³‘m~mB© ~«m÷U 23 {dYdm 13 H$moëhmnya àmW{‘H$ {S>g|~a 1890


21 a§Jy~mB© ~«m÷U 15 {dYdm 12 gmVmam 2 B¶Îmm {S>g|~a 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ ^mdmH$Sy>Z Mm§Jbr H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr, Vr gw{e{jV ìhmdr hr Ë¶mMr BÀN>m hmoVr.

22 gw§Xa~mB© j{Ì¶ 12 {dYdm 11 nwUo Zmhr OmZodmar 1891

{Zdmgr Hw$Qw>§~ AË¶§V Jar~ hmoVr, g^moVmbÀ¶m dmB©Q> Jmoï>tMm n[aUm‘ Pmbm hmoVm.

23 Z‘©Xm~mB© ~«m÷U 21 {dYdm 7 ‘mbdU àmW{‘H$ OmZodmar 1891

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ ZmVodmB©H$m§H$Sy>Z H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr ‘mÌ OrdZmV {Zamem hmoVr.

24 gw^Ðm~mB© ~«m÷U 25 {dYdm 25 XþJm©

‘§Jiya àmW{‘H$

Zmoìh|~a 1890


25 H$mer~mB© d¡í¶ 14 {dYdm 13 Ah‘XZJa 1 B¶Îmm Zmoìh|~a 1890

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ gwpñWVr‘Ü¶o hmoVr, ‘mÌ Jar~ hmoVr, {eH$mdo hr ZmVodmB©H$m§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr.

26 Z‘©Xm~mB© ~«m÷U 23 {dYdm 14 ‘mbdU Zmhr 20 OmZo. 1891

{Zdmgr emaXmgXZ AË¶§V Jar~, gVV AmOmar, OrdZmV {Zamem, Cnmg‘marZo ÌñV hmoVr.

149

{dYdm Zgboë¶m {dÚmWuZr

A.H«$. {dÚmWuZrMo

Zmd OmV

àdoe KoVo doir d¶

{dYdm {ddmhrV

H$s A{ddmhrV

{dYdm hmoVo doiMo d¶

nÎmm

àdoe KoVmZm ‘amR>rMo kmZ

àdoe {XZm§H$

{Zdmgr H$s

A{Zdmgr

‘XV H$moUr Ho$br

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o àdoem nyduMr pñWVr

1 a§Jy~mB© d¡í¶ 18 n[aV³Ë¶m ‘w§~B© 1 B¶Îmm OyZ


AË¶§V dmB©Q> dmJUyH$ {‘iV hmoVr, AmË‘hË¶oMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm hmoVm.

2 emaXm~mB© ~«m÷U 13 A{ddmhrV ‘w§~B© 3 B¶Îmm 11 ‘mM© 1889

{Zdmgr Hw$Qw>§~ nmbH$m§H$Sy>Z Mm§Jbr H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr, Vr gw{e{jV ìhmdr hr Ë¶mMr BÀN>m hmoVr.

3 bú‘r~mB© d¡í¶ 11 n[aV³Ë¶m ‘w§~B© Zmhr ‘o 1889 {Zdmgr emaXmgXZ AË¶§V dmB©Q> dmJUyH$ {‘iV hmoVr, AmË‘hË¶oMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm hmoVm.

4 gmoZm~mB© d¡í¶ 18 n[aV³Ë¶m ‘w§~B© Zmhr Owb¡


AË¶§V dmB©Q> dmJUyH$ {‘iV hmoVr, {VÀ¶m hË¶oMm à¶ËZ Pmbm hmoVm, Cnmg‘marZo ÌñV hmoVr.

5 M§Ð^mJm ~«m÷U 13 {ddmhrV H$moëhmnya àmW{‘H$ OyZ

1889 {Zdmgr Hw$Qw>§~

H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr, {eH$Ê¶mMr Zdè¶mMr BÀN>m hmoVr.

6 Jmo‘Vr d¡í¶ 17 A{ddmhrV ‘m§S>dr Zmhr OyZ

1890 {Zdmgr Hw$Qw>§~

O~aXñVrZo dmB©Q> ‘mJm©bm bmdbo hmoVo.

150

7 H¥$nm ~«m÷U 17 A{ddmhrV Im‘Jmd àmW{‘H$ OmZodmar 1890

{Zdmgr Hw$Qw>§~ OrdZmV ^Q>H§$Vr hmoVr.

8 J§Jy ~«m÷U 10 A{ddmhrV nmaZoa àmW{‘H$ gßQ>|~a 1890

{Zdmgr Hw$Qw>§~ H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr.

9 ^mJr ~«m÷U 9 A{ddmhrV nwUo àmW{‘H$ Zmoìh|~a 1890

{Zdmgr Hw$Qw>§~ H$miOr KoVbr OmV hmoVr.

10 gw^Ðm ~«m÷U 7 A{ddmhrV ‘mbm ‘§Jia

Zmhr Zmoìh|~a 1890

{Zdmgr Hw$Qw>§~ AZmW hmoVr.

11 Vmam~mB© ~«m÷U 21 A{ddmhrV nwUo àmW{‘H$ Zmoìh|~a 1890

A{Zdmgr Hw$Qw>§~ AmZ§Xr H$m¡Qy>{~H$ OrdZ, {eH$mdo hr Zdè¶mMr BÀN>m hmoVr.

12 gw§Ðm~mB© ~«m÷U 17 {ddmhrV nwUo 2 B¶Îmm Zmoìh|~a 1890


13 amYm~mB© ~«m÷U 16 {ddmhrV nwUo 2 B¶Îmm Zmoìh|~a 1890


(Source : Report of Annual Meeting of Ramabai Association held March 2, 1891)

151

¶m V³Ë¶mdéZ bjmV ¶oVo H$s, emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o àdoe KoÊ¶mnydu gd©M {dYdm§Mr

pñWVr dmB©Q> hmoVr. Ë¶m§Mr Cnmg‘ma hmoV hmoVr. Ë¶m {ZamYma d ‘XVhrZ hmoË¶m. Ë¶m§À¶m

OrdZm‘Ü¶o AË¶§V {Zamem hmoVr. Ë¶mVrb H$mhr ~oKa hmoË¶m.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr ¶m {dYdm§Mo nwZd©gZ Ho$bo, Ë¶m§Zm {ejU {Xbo. Ë¶m§Zm gwpñWa d

{Z^©¶ OrdZmMm AmZ§X {‘idyZ {Xbm. Ë¶m§À¶m ór OrdZmbm ‘yë¶ àmá H$éZ {Xb o.

4.9 emaXmgXZda Y‘mªVamMo Amamon :

{¼ñV {Zð>m hm n§. a‘m~mB©À¶m OrdZmVrb ñWm¶r^md hmoVm. A‘o[aHo$VyZ {‘iUmar

‘XV d {¼ñV {Zð>m ¶m ~imda Ë¶m§Zr emaXmgXZ gwé Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë¶mH$mir órbm H$moUVmhr

{ZU©¶ KoÊ¶mMm A{YH$ma ZìhVm. Aem doir n§. a‘m~mBªZr {¼ñVr Y‘© AmnUhÿZ ñdrH$maUo hr

H«$m§Vr hmoVr. ¶m AJmoXa nwîH$i nwéfm§Zr {¼ñV Y‘© pñdH$mabm hmoVm. Ë¶m§À¶m ~amo~a nËZr

Y‘© åhUyZ ZmB©bmOmZo Ë¶m§À¶m nËZrhr {¼ñVr Pmë¶m hmoË¶m. na§Vw, “~wÜXrbm nQ>bo åhUyZ

ñdV:À¶m {ZdS>rZo {¼ñVr Pmbobr n§. a‘m~mB© hr n{hbrM ‘amR>r ór hmoVr.”104

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m ñWmnZoÀ¶m doir {¼ñVr g§ñWm åhUyZ g‘mOmZo g§e¶ KoVbm hmoVm.

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m CX²KmQ>Zmg OmÊ¶mg H$mer~mB© H$m{ZQ>H$a ¶m§Zr ZmH$mabo hmoVo. emaXmgXZmV

Y‘mªVamMo à¶moJ hmoVrb Agm Ë¶m§Zm g§e¶ hmoVm. “hr g§ñWm {¼ñVr Zgob, ¶m g§ñWoV

¶oUmè¶m {ó¶m§Zm kmZ {Xbo OmB©b d Amnmnë¶m BÀN>oZwgma Y‘mªMaUhr H$aVm ¶oB©b Aer

h‘r n§S>rVm~mBªZr {Xë¶mdaM H$mer~mB© emaXmgXZmÀ¶m CX²KmQ>Zmbm Joë¶m.”105

emaXmgXZ nwÊ¶m‘Ü¶o Amë¶mZ§Va Y‘mªVam{df¶r Amamon Pmbo. “emaXmgXZ~ÔbMr

e§H$m gwédmVrnmgyZ bmoH$m§À¶m ‘ZmV hmoVr. Varhr n§. a‘m~mBªMr YS>mS>r, {ó¶m§~Ôb dmQ>Umar

H$iH$i, ¶m§Mr {dX²dVm Am{U A‘o[aHo$VyZ hOmamo én¶o {‘idyZ emaXmgXZmgmaIr g§ñWm

H$mT>Ê¶m‘Ybo Ë¶m§Mo H$V © ¥Îd ¶m gJù¶mZo à^m{dV hmoD$Z S>m°. ^m§S>maH$a, Ý¶m. amZS>o, am.~.

^Q> ¶m§Zr emaXmgXZMo g„mJma åhUyZ AmdS>rZo H$m‘ nËH$abo.”106

gwédmVrbm emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm gwYmaH$ ‘§S>itZr nmqR>~m {Xbm hmoVm. Ë¶m§À¶m

H$m¶m©Mo H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo hmoVo. {dYdm§À¶m {ejUmÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm CÎmoOZ {Xbo hmoVo. n§. a‘m~mB©

Ë¶m§À¶m ‘XVr{df¶r Am^ma ‘mZVmZm {b[hVmV H$s, “Many thanks are also due to the

152

memebers of our advisory board of Bombay and Poona. They have always

been ready to give me their advice and help whenever I wanted them.”107

n§.

a‘m~mB© emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm {‘imboë¶m ‘XVrMm ì¶³Vre: C„oI H$aVmV. Ë¶m

{b[hVmV,“Our good friend Mr. Chandvarkar has shown great kindness toward

us in doing the necessary legal work free of charge... The Hon. Mr. M. G.

Ranade helped us in drawing the title-deed in correct form. Dr. R. G.

Bhandarkar, R. B. G. G. Gokhali, R. B. Kanitkar and other gentleman have

been very prompt in giving their help and advice on many occasions. Rao

saheb C. N. Bhat has kindly audited our accounts and helped us in many other

ways.”108

¶mdéZ emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$m¶m©Mr JaO gwYmaH$m§Zm dmQ>V hmoVr. Vo emaXmgXZmÀ¶m

H$m‘m‘Ü¶o ‘XV H$arV hmoVo. n§. a‘m~mBªZm {‘iUmè¶m nmqR>ã¶m{df¶r {‘g. gamh S>r. h°‘{bZ

{b[hVmV H$s, “I find in Poona even among the orthodox Hindu such a love and

respect for the beautiful woman of your noble sister hood.”109

¶mdéZ gwédmVrbm gZmVZr ‘§S>itZmhr n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©{df¶r AmXa dmQ>V

hmoVm Ago {XgVo. nwT>rb H$mimV emaXmgXZmVrb {¼ñVr à^md dmT>bm. Vem ~mVå¶m

dV©‘mZnÌm‘Ü¶o N>mnyZ Amë¶m. ¶m ~mVå¶m§Zr bmoH$ AñdñW Pmbo. d¥ÎmnÌm§‘YyZ n§.

a‘m~mBªÀ¶m {¼ñVr àmWZoda Amjon KoVbm hmoVm. “n§. a‘m~mB© ImobrMo XadmMo Zoh‘rM CKS>o

R>odV. nhmQ>o nmM dmOVm Ë¶m ‘Zmoa‘m d emioVrb EH$ {¼ñVr {ejH$sU ~mBªÀ¶m ImobrV

JmUr åhUyZ ~m¶~b‘YyZ emó^mJ dmMrV d àmW©Zm H$arV. AmYr Hw$Vyhb åhUyZ ‘wbr

~mhoéZ S>moH$mdyZ nhmV ‘J Ë¶m AmV ¶oD$Z ~gyZ bmJë¶m d eodQ>r àmW©ZoVhr ^mJ KoD$

bmJë¶m.”110

¶m àmW©ZoMm à^md ~mb{dYdm§da nSy> bmJbm. ¶mdéZ n§. a‘m~mBªMo g„mJma

‘§S>iter ‘V oX Pmbo. g„mJma ‘§S>irVrb Ama. Or. ^m§S>maH$a, Ý¶m. amZS>o, E‘. Or. amZS>o

d gr. EZ. ^Q> ¶m§Zr 13 Am°JñQ> 1893 amoOr a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZbm amOrZm‘m {bhÿZ

nmR>{dbm. Vo {b[hVmV H$s, “gXZmMm Cn¶moJ Oa CKS> CKS> ‘wbr ~mQ>{dÊ¶mgmR>r

(avowed proselytising) H$am¶Mm Agob Va Amåhmbm øm g§ñWoer H$mhr g§~§Y R>odVm

¶oUma Zmhr.”111

153

n§. a‘m~mBªZr Amnbr VQ>ñW d¥Îmr doimodoir Om[ha Ho$br. Amnë¶m Y‘©{ZanojVoMr

h‘r {Xbr. ‘mÌ Y‘©{ZanojVoMm AW© doJdoJim bmdbm Jobm. qhXþ g‘mOmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo

Y‘©{ZanojVm åhUOo {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm àgma Z H$aUo Agm AW© bmdbm. Va n§. a‘m~mBªMr

Y‘©{ZanojVm åhUOo Y‘©ñdmV§Í¶ Agm AW© bmdbm. emaXmgXZmVrb ‘wbtZm Y‘© ñdmV§Í¶

{Xbo hmoVo. “gXZmV ¶oUmè¶m ‘wbtZm Y‘m©MaUmMr ‘moH$irH$ hmoVr. gmodio, Amodio,

CnmgVmnmg, ñZmZnyOm BË¶mXr {ZË¶Zo‘ nmiÊ¶mMr ‘moH$irH$ hmoVr.”112

n§. a‘m~mBªMr Y‘© {ZanojVoÀ¶m ~m~VrV ^y{‘H$m ñnï> hmoVr. Ë¶m§À¶m Y‘© ñdmV§Í¶mÀ¶m

H$ënZm AmYw{ZH$ {dMmagaUrÀ¶m ÚmoVH$ hmoË¶m. emaXmgXZmVrb ‘wbtZm Ë¶m§À¶m Y‘m©Mo

AZwgaU H$aÊ¶mMr ‘w^m Amho. VgoM ñdmV§Í¶ ‘bmhr Amho Ago Ë¶m ñnï> H$aVmV. ¶m~m~VrV

Ë¶m åhUVmV, “‘r ‘mÂ¶m d ‘mÂ¶m ‘wbrÀ¶m H$ë¶mUmgmR>r ‘mÂ¶m ImobrV àmW©Zm H$aVo.

AmVm Vo Xma bmdyZ ‘wbtZm AmV ¶oÊ¶mg ZH$ma XoUo ho Y‘© ñdmV§Í¶ Zìho.”113

ñdV:À¶m

Y‘m©MaUmda ~§YZo bmdyZ KoUo Ë¶m§À¶m gX²gX{ddoH$~wÜXrbm nQ>V ZìhVo. {X. 15 Am°JñQ>

1891 amoOr {gñQ>a {OamëS>rZbm nmR>{dboë¶m nÌmV Z‘yX H$aVmV H$s, “I had never

forced religious instruction upon them, neighter had I ever said a Christian

prayer in the school room, but carried on the school on strictly secular plan.”114

a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m KQ>Zoà‘mUo emaXmgXZ {ZY‘u R>odÊ¶mMr ñnï>mo³Vr Ë¶m§Zr ¶m nÌmVyZ

{Xbr Amho. d ¡¶p³VH$ Y‘m©MaUmÀ¶m ~m~VrV Ë¶m R>m‘ hmoË¶m.

Ho$gar d¥ÎmnÌmZo emaXmgXZmÀ¶m {damoYmV ‘moR>r ‘mo{h‘ CKS>br. Ho$gar ‘Ü¶o 23 OyZ

1891 amoOr „emaXmgXZ d am. ~. amZS>o ¶m§Mr ‘Ü¶ñWr‟ hm AJ«boI N>mnbm hmoVm. Ë¶m‘Ü¶o

qhXþ Mmbr[aVr PwJméZ XoD$Z ‘wbtZm {¼ñVr Y‘m©H$S>o di{dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ a‘m~mB© H$aVmV

Agm Amamon Ho$bm hmoVm. Ho$garH$ma {b[hVmV H$s, “A‘o[aH$s bmoH$m§Zm Ho$di bmoH${hVmÀ¶mM

Ñï>rZo gXZmg n¡go {Xbo ZgyZ Ë¶m§Mm hoVy Y‘©àgmamMm Agmdm. hr EH$ ew^dV©‘mZmÀ¶m

àgmamMr emim g‘Obr nm{hOo d n§{S>Vobm {‘eZar åhQ>bo nm{hO o.”115

¶m AJ«boIm‘Ü¶o n§.

a‘m~mB© d Ý¶m. amZS>o ¶m§À¶mda {Q>H$m Ho$br hmoVr. n§. a‘m~mB© øm amZS>o d ^m§S>maH$a ¶m§Zm

’$gdVmV d Y‘mªVa KSdyZ AmUVmV Agm Amamon Ho$bm hmoVm. “Ho$gar d¥ÎmnÌmÀ¶m 7 Owb¡

154

1891 À¶m A§H$m‘Ü¶o „gXZmVrb ~mB© d H$moR>rdarb ~mB©‟ hm AJ«boI {bhrbm hmoVm. Ë¶mV

a‘m~mB©da AmYr Ho$boë¶m Y‘© àgmamÀ¶m Amamonm§Mm nwZéÀMma Ho$bm.”116

emaXmgXZmda gd©gmYmaU CÀMdUu¶m§Mm amof hmoVm. ¶mMo H$maU åhUOo n§. a‘m~mBªZr

{dYdm§Mo bmS> Ho$bo ho hmoVo. H¥$îUm~mB© JÐo øm ñVw{Vgw‘Zo ¶m nwñVH$mV {b[hVmV H$s,

“a‘m~mB© Amnë¶m ‘wbtZm XþYmVwnm§V bmoidVo, H$Yr H$emMr VyQ> åhUyZ ‘m{hVM Zmhr.

‘oOdmÝ¶m§Mm WmQ> Va AmOda bmoH$m§À¶m ‘ZmV gmaIm KmoiV Amho.”117

Ë¶mH$mir ~hþg§»¶

bmoH$ gmYmaU n[apñWVrV amhV hmoVo. emaXmgXZ‘Yrb {dYdm§Mr OrdZe¡br nmhÿZ bmoH$m§Zm

‘Ëga dmQ>V hmoVm. “Hw$R>ë¶mhr nwéfmbmhr Oo CnbãY ZìhVo Vo gd© ’$³V ~m¶H$m§Zm Am{U

Ë¶mV gwÜXm {dYdm§Zm {‘imdo. ho ¶m bmoH$m§Zm IQ>H$Ê¶mgmaIo hmoVo.”118

Ë¶mH$mir {dYdm§Mo

OrdZ éT>r na§naoZo ~ÜX Ho$bo hmoVo. Ho$ednZ H$éZ {Vbm {dÐþn Ho$bo OmV hmoVo. n§. a‘m~mBªZr

{dYdm ‘wbtZm Ho$g dmT>dm¶bm CÎmoOZ {Xbo. {dYdm§À¶m AmhmamV XÿY, Vwn dÁ¶© hmoVo.

emaXmgXZmV XþY, Vyn ‘w~bH$ à‘mUmV {‘iV hmoVo. gUmdmambm {dYdm§da ~{hîH$ma Q>mH$bm

OmV hmoVm. emaXmgXZm‘Ü¶o “bmoUMr, nmnS>, Hw$aS>çm, eodm¶m H$aUo hr ‘o ‘{hÝ¶mVrb Zo‘H$s

H$m‘o noT>o, ~’$s©, bmSy>, H$a§Á¶m, {Obã¶m, H$mnÊ¶m, MH$moë¶m, eod, {MdS>m, gmIa^mV,

Zmair^mV, ‘moXH$ EH$ Zm XmoZ, eoH$S>mo n³dmZo gUmdmambm V¶ma hmoV AgV.”119

{dYdm§Zm

Mm§Jbo OrdZ OJy XoUo gZmVZr bmoH$m§À¶m ‘Vo JwÝhm hmoVm. ¶m‘wio emaXmgXZ{df¶r bmoH$m§Mr

‘Zo H$bw{fV Pmbr. emaXmgXZm‘Yrb ¶m n[apñWVr{df¶r Ho$gar‘Ü¶o „emaXmgXZ d {dYdm

{‘eZ J¥h‟ hm AJ«boI N>mnbm. Ë¶m‘Ü¶o “ho gXZ åhUOo Ho$di {‘eZ J¥hM Zìho Va qhXþ

‘wbtZm ~mQ>{dÊ¶mMm ‘m¶mdr ~mOma Amho.”120

Ago N>mnbo hmoVo. ¶m boIm‘Ü¶o n§. a‘m~mBªZm

{dídmgKmVH$s, g‘mOÐmohr Ago g§~moYbo.

AemàH$mao emaXmgXZda Y‘mªVamMo Amamon hmoV hmoVo. emaXmgXZ‘wio VËH$mbrZ

nwamU‘VdmXr {dMmam§Zm Y³H$m ~gbm hmoVm. Ë¶m‘wio emaXmgXZmbm EV ²Xoer¶m§Mo Am{W©H$

ghH$m¶© {‘imbo Zmhr. ¶mg§X^m©V lr. dm. ~m. Ho$iH$a {b[hVmV H$s, “emaXmgXZ ho gd©ñdr

nwamU‘VdmXr nÜXVrZo Mmbob qH$dm Mmbmdo, Aer ’w$H$Q>çm qhXþ g‘mOmZo Anojm Var H$m

H$amdr? Ë¶mVë¶mn¡H$s A{YH$ OwÝ¶m nÜXVrMo {ejU nm{hOo Agë¶mg Ë¶m§Zr dJ©Ê¶m H$mTy>Z

ñdV§Ì g§ñWm H$m H$mTy> Z¶o?”121

{dYdm§Zm {ejU XoUmar g§ñWm ñdIMm©Zo ‘h{f© Ym|S>mo Ho$ed

155

H$d} ¶m§Zr gwé Ho$br. Ë¶m‘mJo emaXmgXZmMr àoaUm hmoVr. ¶m CXmhaUmì¶{V[a³V BVa H$moUr

{dYdm§À¶m {ejUmgmR>r emim gwé Ho$ë¶mMm C„oI {XgV Zmhr.

gZmVZr ‘§S>ir emaXmgXZda Y‘mªVamMo Amamon H$arV hmoVr. Ë¶m§Zr Y‘© ñdmV§Í¶mMm

AW© ‘¶m©{XV AWm©Zo KoVbm hmoVm. Ë¶m§À¶m ‘Vo Y‘© ñdmV§Í¶ åhUOo qhXþ Y‘m©MaUmMo ñdmV§Í¶.

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o “H$mhr ‘wbtZm gmodio Amodio nmiÊ¶mg (observe Caste) KéZ gm§JÊ¶mV

Ambobo hmoVo. Ë¶m§À¶mgmR>r doJir OmJm Ë¶m§Zm XoD$Z {Obm {Vbm Amnë¶m OmVr [admOmà‘mUo

gd© {Z¶‘ nmiÊ¶mg d gmodio Amodio nmiÊ¶mg ‘w^m hmoVr.”122

emaXmgXZ‘Yrb H$mhr

OUtZm nmbH$ ZìhVo. Ë¶m§Mo nmbZ nmofU n§. a‘m~mB© H$arV hmoË¶m. ¶m ‘wbtZm àmW©Zobm

~gÊ¶mgmR>r H$moUmMr nadmZJr KoÊ¶mMr JaO ZìhVr. H$mhr ‘wbtZm Ë¶m§À¶m nmbH$m§H$Sy>Z

àmW©Zobm ~gÊ¶mMr nadmZJr {‘imbr hmoVr. H$mhr ‘wbr àmW©Zobm ~gÊ¶mMr nadmZJr ‘mJV.

n§. a‘m~mB© Ë¶m§À¶m nmbH$m§Zm {dMméZ {ZU©¶ KoV hmoË¶m.

¶oWo n§. a‘m~mB© Y‘© ^mdZoH$S>o ì¶mnH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ nhmV hmoË¶m. Ë¶m§À¶m ‘Vo Y‘©

pñdH$ma hr ‘ZmMr AdñWm Amh o. gË¶mMm emoY KoÊ¶mMr CÞV ‘mZ{gH$ AdñWm åhUOo Y‘©

^mdZm hmo¶. n§. a‘m~mBªZr ‘wbtÀ¶m Y‘© ^mdZm§Mm AmXa Ho$bm. ‘Z n[adV©ZmVyZ Y‘© pñdH$ma

Ë¶m§Zr Ë¶mÁ¶ ‘mZbm Zmhr. gwédmVrÀ¶m H$mimV ‘wbr Y‘© pñdH$ma H$aÊ¶mMr ‘mJUr H$arV

hmoË¶m, Voìhm n§. a‘m~mBªZr CKS> CKS> ~m{áñ‘o XoUo Q>mibo hmoVo. n§. a‘m~mBªMm darb Ñ{ï>H$moZ

{gñQ>a {OamëS>rZ ¶m§Zm {b[hboë¶m nÌmVyZ ñnï> hmoVmo, Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “Godubai is of

legal age and may do what ever she likes. She can not bear the idea of hurting

her parents feeling by embracing Christianity openly. I do not urge upon her

and indeed I never. So much as mention the idea to her. I have left the work of

her and other conversion in the hand of God.”123

n§. a‘m~mB© {¼ñVr Y‘m©MaU H$arV hmoË¶m. emaXmgXZMr ‘w»¶ ì¶³Vr {¼ñVr hmoVr.

Ë¶m‘wio {¼ñVr dmVmdaUm‘Ü¶o (Under Christian influence) amhUo An[ahm¶© hmoVo.

“Am°JñQ> 1893 ‘Ü¶o gXZmV 53 ‘wbr hmoË¶m d Ë¶mn¡H$s 20 ‘wbr ~mBªÀ¶m nhmQ>oÀ¶m

àmW©Zobm hOa amhV... ømda g„mJma ~moS>m©À¶m g^mgXm§Zr Amnbo amOrZm‘o nmR>{dbo d

156

Amnë¶m gøm{Zer EH$ nÌH$ H$mTy>Z gXZmV ‘wbr nmR>dy Z¶oV Ago nmbH$m§Zm H$i{dbo.”124

Aem àH$mao ‘wbtÀ¶m àmW©Zobm hOa amhÊ¶mMr ZmamOr gëbmJma ‘§S>itZr Xe©{dbr.

emaXmgXZ‘Yrb Y‘mªVamÀ¶m ~mVå¶m nwUo ehamV MM}Mm {df¶ ~Zë¶m.

emaXmgXZmda Mmohmo~mOy§Zr Y‘mªVamMo Amamon hmoD$ bmJbo. gßQ>|~a 1893 n¶ªV gXZmVrb

EH$mhr ‘wbrbm ~m{áñ‘m {Xbm ZìhVm. Varhr Ho$gar d VËg‘ qhXþËddmXr nÌo n§. a‘m~mBªda

Amamon H$arV hmoVr. g§Vmnboë¶m bmoH$m§À¶m ^mdZm§Mm àm{V{ZYrH$ CÐoH$ Ho$garVrb gZ

1890 Vo gZ 1892 ‘Yrb A§H$mVrb ~mVå¶m§déZ {XgyZ ¶oVmo. Ë¶mMm n[aUm‘ Agm Pmbm

H$s, “nwUo ehamVrb AZoH$ bmoH$m§Zr Amnmnë¶m gwZm, ‘wbr gXZmVyZ eonmQy>Z Kar Zoë¶m.

OmVmZm Ë¶m Q>mhmo ’$moS>rV {H$Ë¶oH$s¨Zm Va Ë¶m§À¶m nmbH$m§Zr bmObÁOm Jw§S>miyZ T>moamgmaIo

~S>dyZ AmoT>rV Zobo. 60-70 ‘wbtn¡H$s Ad¿¶m 15 ‘wbr H$m¶ Ë¶m gXZmV am[hë¶m. nwUo

ehamV a‘m~mBªÀ¶m qZXm Q>dmirZo ^¶§H$a CJ« én YmaU Ho$bo. KmUoaS>çm {eì¶mJmitZr

âboë¶m nÌm§Mo Va amoO {T>JM ¶oD$ bmJbo.”125

¶m àH$aUr n§. a‘m~mB© AË¶§V g§¶‘mZo d

AmË‘gÝ‘mZmZo gm‘moè¶m Joë¶m. à~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao {b[hVmV, “a‘m~mBªÀ¶m {R>H$mUr Xþgar

H$moUr ~mB© AgVr Va Ë¶m {damoYmbm Vm|S> XoVm-XoVm doS>r Pmbr AgVr qH$dm gXZmMm CÚmoJ

Jw§S>miyZ ñdñW ~gbr AgVr.”126

¶mdéZ n§. a‘m~mBªMm Ë¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©daMm R>m‘ {dídmg

{XgyZ ¶oVmo. ñdV: {dYdm AgVmZm {dYdm§À¶m CX²YmamMr Vi‘i {Xg yZ ¶oVo. Ë¶m gm‘m{OH$

g§Kfm©Mm gm‘Zm H$arV hmoË¶m. Ago Xþgao CXmhaU 19 ì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m ^maVmÀ¶m B{VhmgmV

AmT>iV Zmhr.

4.10 emaXmgXZ‘Yrb Vwier àH$aU :

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$mbI§S>m‘Ü¶o Vwier àH$aU {deof JmObo hmoVo. ¶m àH$aUm‘wio

gm‘m{OH$ {damoY Vrd« Pmbm. Vwier àH$aU Jmonmiamd Omoer d dmgwXod JUoe Omoer

(gmd©O{ZH$ H$mH$m) ¶m§Zr CMbyZ Yabo. ho XmoKo à{V{ð>V hmoVo. Ë¶mn¡H$s Jmonmiamd Omoer

^maVmÀ¶m n{hë¶m ór S>m°³Q>a AmZ§Xr~mB© Omoer ¶m§Mo nVr hmoVo.“Ë¶m§Zr CH$éZ H$mT>boë¶m

n§M hm¡X {‘eZ‘Yrb Mhm àH$aUmMr Pi bmo. {Q>iH$ d Ý¶m. amZS>o ¶m§Zm ~gbr hmoVr....

Aënd¶rZ ‘wbrMo b¾ bmdUmè¶m ghmæ`H$ Ý¶m¶mYrembm hmñ¶ {df¶ ~Z{dÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zr

157

Om[hanUo JmT>dm-JmT>drMo b½Z bmdyZ {Xbo hmoVo....”127

dmgwXod JUoe Omoer ho nwÊ¶mVrb

gwà{gÜX gmd©O{ZH$ (H$mH$m) ì¶p³V‘Ëd hmoVo. Vo {MÌemim ‘wÐUmb¶mMo ‘mbH$ hmoVo. {Q>iH$

njmMo H$S>do AZw¶m¶r d bmo. {Q>iH$m§Mo {‘Ì hmoVo. ¶m XmoKm§Zr Vwier àH$aU CMbyZ Yabo.

dmgwXod JUoe Omoer ¶m§À¶m M[aÌm‘Ü¶o ¶m àH$aUmMm Vnerb nwT>rb à‘mUo {Xbm Amho.

“a‘m~mBªÀ¶m J¡ahOoarV Ë¶m§Zr (OmoerìX²¶mZo) nwîH$iem VwierÀ¶m Hw§$S>çm emioVrb

qhXþ ‘wbtH$arVm nmR>dyZ {Xë¶m. a‘m~mB© ‘§JiwamhÿZ naV ¶oVmM Ë¶m§Zr bmWm ‘méZ Ë¶m

Hw§$S>çm ’$moSy>Z Q>mH$ë¶m.”128

n§. a‘m~mBªZr VwierÀ¶m Hw§$S>çm ’$moS>ë¶mMo g‘W©Z Ho$bo Ago ¶m

M[aÌm‘Ü¶o {b[hbo Amho. Vwig hr qhXþ Y‘m©V n{dÌ ‘mZbr OmVo. n§. a‘m~mBªZr VwierÀ¶m

Hw§$S>çm ’$moSy>Z qhXþ Y‘m©Mm An‘mZ Ho$bm Aer MMm© gwé Pmbr. Ë¶m qhXþ Y‘m©{déÜX AmhoV

Ago Amamon Pmbo.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr Vwier àH$aUmMm Iwbmgm Ho$bm H$s, “Á¶m {¼ñVr bmoH$m§Zm Ho$di

^yVX¶oZo àoarV hmoD$Z ‘wbtÀ¶m gm§^mimgmR>r d {ejUmgmR>r n¡gm {Xbm Amho. Ë¶m§À¶m Y‘m©Mo

{ejU {Xbo OmV ZgVmZm Or Jmoï> Ë¶m§À¶m Y‘m©{déÜX Amho Vr Ë¶m§À¶mM n¡emZo Mmb{dboë¶m

gXZmV H$é XoUo amñV hmoUma Zmhr. Vwig ñd¡nmH$sU ~mB©Zo bmdbr hmoVr Vr H$mTy>Z OdiM

{dhrarnmer bmdbr Amho. VoWo H$moUmghr VwierMr nyOm H$aVm ¶oB©b.”129

n§. a‘m~mB©

VwierÀ¶m Hw§$S>çm bmWmSy>Z CnQy>Z ’o$Hy$Z {Xë¶mMm Amamon ImoQ>m d {ZamYma Agë¶mMo ñnï>

H$aVmV. ‘wbtZm ì¶p³VJV nmVirda Y‘m©MaU H$aÊ¶mg Ë¶m§Zr haH$V KoVb obr {XgV Zmhr.

Vwier àH$aUm‘wio n§. a‘m~mB© AS>MUrV Amë¶m.

Vwier àH$aU ho n§. a‘m~mBªZm ~XZm‘ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Cô Ho$bo hmoVo. emaXagXZmbm

Omo {damoY Pmbm Vmo ñdm^m{dH$ ZgyZ nY²XVera ¶moOZm H$éZ Ho$bm hmoVm. Vwier àH$aU

Ë¶mMmM EH$ ^mJ hmoVm. OmoerìX²¶m§Zr H$Q> H$éZ a‘m~mBªda Vwier àH$aUmMo Hw$^m§S> aMbo

Ago XodXÎm {Q>iH$ {b[hVmV. ¶m g§X^m©V Vo {b[hVmV, “emaXmgXZ Y‘m©VrV R>odm¶Mo øm

Amnë¶m Omhra dMZmbm d ~«rXmbm ~mB© S>moù¶mV Vob KmbyZ OmJV. na§Vw nwÊ¶mVrb EH$

{d{eï> JQ>mÀ¶m ‘Vo ~mBªZm Vgo H$aUo e³¶M Zmhr d Ë¶m§Mm A§VñW hoVy ‘wbtZm ’y$g bmdyZ

~mQ>dUo hm Amho Ago dmQ>o d Ë¶m§Zm ho {gÜX H$amd¶mMo hmoVo, åhUyZ Ë¶m JQ>mZo ~mBªZm Ë¶m§À¶m

H$m¶m©V H$Yr ñdñWVm bm^y {Xbr Zmhr.”130

158

emaXmgXZ qhXþ Y‘m©à‘mUo Mmbmdo Ago gZmVZr ‘§S>itZm dmQ>V hmoVo. “OyÝ¶m H$‘©R>

bmoH$m§Zm emaXmgXZ ho gZmVZr ~«m÷U dg{VJ¥h Agmdo Ago dmQ>V hmoVo.”131

kmZmoX¶ Zo n§.

a‘m~mB© emaXmgXZmMm Cn¶moJ Y‘m}nXoe H$aÊ¶mgmR>r H$arV Zmhr åhUyZ Ë¶m§À¶mda {Q>H$m

Ho$br. gZmVZr ‘§S>ir {ó¶m§À¶m àíZm§Mm {dMma qhXþ Y‘m©À¶m Mm¡H$Q>rVyZ H$arV hmoV o. ~m~m

nX²‘ZOr gmaIo {¼ñVr ór àíZmMo ‘yë¶‘mnZ {¼ñVr Y‘m©À¶m g§X^m©V H$arV hmoVr.

gm‘m{OH$ àíZ d ì¶p³VÀ¶m lÜXm øm ñdV§Ì ~m~r Amho hm {dMma nwT>o ¶oV ZìhVm.

emaXmgXZmbm „{‘eZar g§ñWm‟ Ago g§~moYbo OmV hmoVo. ¶mM ‘mZ{gH$Vo‘wio emaXmgXZmbm

{damoY hmoV hmoVm.

¶m Amamonm§Zm CÎma XoÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ n§. a‘m~mBªZr Ho$bm. Ë¶m åhUVmV, “Am‘À¶m

Xoe~§YyZr ¶mo½¶ Aml¶ d CÎmoOZ {Xbo AgVo Va emaXmgXZ hr g§ñWm {¼ñVr hmoÊ¶mMr

H$mhrM Oéar ZìhVr. qhXþ bmoH$ Agbr emim KmbÊ¶mH$aVm n¡go XoB©ZmV åhUyZ ‘r {¼ñVr

bmoH$m§nmer {^jm ‘m[JVbr. AmVm Vr emim Vwåhr Mmb{dÊ¶mg {gÜX Agmb Va Am‘À¶m

{¼ñVr Aml¶XmË¶m§H$Sy>Z {~bHy$b AS>Wim ¶oUma Zmhr.”132

qhXþ bmoH$ {dYdm {ejUmÀ¶m

H$m¶m©V Am{W©H$ ‘XV H$arV ZmhrV ¶mMr I§V Ë¶m§Zr ì¶³V Ho$br. AemàH$mao emaXmgZmbm

hmoUmam {damoY hm hoVy nwañga Ho$bm OmV hmoVm. Y‘©lX ²Ym, Y‘m©MaUmÀ¶m hÅ>mnm¶r ór

CÕmamMo ‘hmZ H$m¶m©H$S>o Xþb©j Ho$bo OmV hmoVo. emaXmgXZmdaMm {¼ñVr à^md Zï> ìhmdm

Agm gZmVÝ¶m§Mm AmJ«h hmoVm. gZmVZr ‘§S>ir Y‘©^mdZoH$S>o EH$m§JrnUo nhmV hmoVr. Ë¶m‘wioM

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm Ë¶m§Mm {damoY hmoV hmoVm.

4.11 emaXmgXZmMr {¼ñVrH$aUmH$S>o dmQ>Mmb :

n§. a‘m~mBªMr CƒdUu¶ qhXþ {dYdm§Zm {ejU XoÊ¶mgmR>r emaXmgXZMr ñWmnZm Ho$br

hmoVr. d¡¶{³VH$ OrdZmVrb {¼ñV {Zð>obm ~mOybm gméZ Ë¶m emaXmgXZ Mmbdy eH$V

ZìhË¶m. d¡¶p³VH$ nmVirda Ë¶m§Zr ñdV:À¶m Y‘©{Zð>m§Mm AmXa Ho$bm.

emaXmgXZÀ¶m {damoYm‘Ü¶o Ho$gar Zo AmJ«hr ^y{‘H$m KoVbr. AmJaH$am§Zr gwYmaH$

nÌmVyZ emaXmgXZMr nmR>amIU Ho$br. n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m g§X^m©V Ho$gar d gwYmaH$ ¶m§À¶mV

dmJ²¶wÜX gwé Pmbo. “Ho$garH$mam§Zr d BVam§Zr emaXmgXZmMm Am{U a‘m~mBªMm N>i Mmb{dbm

159

Amho.”133

Agm àË¶mamon gwYmaH$ nÌmVyZ AmJaH$am§Zr Ho$bm. gwYmaH$ nÌmVyZ AmJaH$am§Zr

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m ór {ejUmÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm nmqR>~m {Xbm. emaXmgXZ H$mTy>Z n§. a‘m~mBªZr

‘hmamï³>mda CnH$ma Ho$bo AmhoV. Aer y{‘H$m ‘m§S>br. Ë¶m§Zr Ho$gar‘Ü¶o hmoUmè¶m Amamonm§Zm

CÎmao {Xbr.

“emaXmgXZmVrb {¼ñVr Pmbobr n{hbr ‘wbJr Jmo‘Vr~mB© hmoVr.”133/A

{VÀ¶m

Y‘mªVam‘wio emaXmgXZmdarb Y‘mªVamÀ¶m Amamonm§Zm nwï>r {‘imbr. Jmo‘Vr~mB© {df¶r 1890

À¶m AhdmbmV ‘m[hVr {Xbr Amho. Jmo‘Vr hr d¡í¶ OmVrVrb A{ddmhrV ‘wbJr hmoVr. d¶mÀ¶m

17 ì¶m dfu Vr OyZ 1890 ‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o XmIb Pmbr hmoVr. Vr ‘yiMr JwOamW

àm§VmVrb ‘m§S>dr ¶oWrb hmoVr. {VÀ¶m Y‘mªVam{df¶r {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm. {b[hVmV, “A‘o[aH$Z

a‘m~mB© ‘§S>imÀ¶m {Z¶‘mZwgma gXZmV Jmo‘Vr~mB©g ~m{áñ‘m KoÊ¶mg ~mBªZr ‘ZmB© Ho$br. nU

Jmo‘Vr~mBªMr lÜXm AT>i Agë¶mZo Ë¶m§Zr R>mUo E‘. B©. {‘eZMo {‘eZar øm§Mo hñVo ~m{áñ‘m

KoD$Z à{gÜXnUo à^yMm gÝ‘mZ Ho$bm.”134

Jmo‘Vr~mBªÀ¶m Y‘mªVam‘wio emaXmgXZmdarb Amamonm§Mr Vrd«Vm A{YH$ dmT>br.

“Jmo‘Vr~mB©g {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm CnXoe Jwá nÜXVrZo hmoV hmoVm.”135

Agm Amamon gw~moY

n{ÌHo$‘Y yZ H$aÊ¶mV Ambm. Ho$gar‘Ü¶o „nwÊ¶mVrb Y‘©doS>mMm X§Jm Am{U IyZ hmoÊ¶mMm

g§^d‟ hm AJ«boI {bhrbm hmoVm. ¶m AJ«boImV åhQ>bo H$s, “Y‘mªVa åhUOo EH$ àH$maMo

‘aU Agë¶m‘wio emaXmgXZmVrb Y‘mªVa åhUMo IyZM!... ‘wbtZm nmogdV Zgob, Va

{dhrarV T>H$byZ Úm, nU {¼ñVr hmoD$ XoD$ ZH$m.”136

Aer Ohmb {Q>H$m H$aÊ¶mV Ambr.

Jmo‘Vr~mBªMm ~márñ‘m {VÀ¶m gkmZ d¶mV Pmbm hmoVm. “Vr H$ÀN> ^yO ‘Yrb

‘wbtÀ¶m emio‘Ü¶o JwOamWr ghmì¶m B¶Îmon¶ªV {eH$br. Ë¶mZ§Va ‘mÂ¶m emioV ‘amR>r

nmMì¶m Am{U B§J«Or Mm¡Ï¶m B¶Îmon¶ªV {eH$br.”137

Ago à‘mUnÌ n§. a‘m~mBªZr

ñdhñVmjamV {Xbo hmoVo. ¶mdéZ Jmo‘Vr~mB© gw{ejrV hmoË¶m ho ñnï> hmoVo. ¶mdéZ Jmo‘Vr~mB©

~m[áñ‘m XoÊ¶mg a‘m~mBªZr ZH$ma {Xbm hmoVm. {VZo niyZ OmD$Z Y‘mªVa Ho$bo hmoVo. Varhr

{VÀ¶m Y‘mªVambm n§. a‘m~mB©g O~m~Xma Yabo hmoVo. ¶m g§X^m©V AmJaH$am§Zr n§. a‘m~mBªMr

àXrK© ‘wbmIV KoVbr hmoVr. Vr ‘wbmIV 21 Am°JñQ> 1893 À¶m gwYmaH$ À¶m A§H$mV

à{gÜX Pmbr hmoVr. Ë¶mV n§. a‘m~mB© åhUVmV, “‘r AmnUmhÿZ ‘wbtZm {¼ñVr hmoÊ¶mg

160

CÚw³V H$arV Zmhr. nU H$moUr ‘mÂ¶m àmW©ZoÀ¶m doiog ~gë¶m. ~m¶~b g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mg

CËgwH$ Agë¶mg ‘r Zmhr åhUV Zmhr...gXZmV ¶oVmZm ‘wbtMm Y‘© qhXþ Agbm Var Ë¶mVyZ

~mhoa nS>VmZm Vmo qhXþ Y‘© am[hbMo Agm {Oå‘m ‘mÂ¶mZo KoddV Zmhr.”138

¶mM A§H$mV

a‘m~mB© ñnï> H$aVmV H$s, “‘r {¼ñVr ZgVo Va ‘wir emaXmgXZM ApñVËdmV Ambo ZgVo.

Oo ‘r H$arV Amho Vo ‘r Mm§Jbo g‘OyZ H$arV Agë¶m‘wio Ë¶mMm n[aUm‘ H$gmhr Pmbm Var

Ë¶m~Ôb ‘bm níMmVmn hmoUma Zmhr.”139

¶m ‘wbmIVrMm à{VHy$b n[aUm‘ g‘mOmda Pmbm. n§. a‘m~mB© Y‘mªVamMo à¶moJ

H$aVmV Agm g‘O ngabm. “¶mM dfu AmUIr 11 ‘wbr nmbH$m§À¶m nadmZJrZo {¼ñVr

Pmë¶m.”140

n§. a‘m~mBªZr hoVy nwañga Y‘mªVamgmR>r H$moUmdahr X~md AmUbm Zmhr. ‘mÌ

‘Vn[adV©ZmVyZ hmoUmè¶m Y‘mªVambm à{V~§Yhr Ho$bm Zmhr. n§. a‘m~mB© {¼ñVr AmMaU H$arV

hmoË¶m. Ë¶mMm à^md AàË¶j ‘wbtda nS>V hmoVm.

Ë¶m‘wio emaXmgXZmVyZ “‘wbr âmâ H$mTy>Z KoÊ¶mV ¶oD$ bmJë¶m. emaXmgXZMr

emaXm JÐŒ¶m§Zr H$mTy>Z KoVbr. AmJaH$am§Zr gXZmVyZ Amnbr ‘m‘o ~{hU doUyVmB© Zm‘Omoer

{hbm H$mTy>Z KoVbr.”141

ór {ejU hm AmJaH$am§Mm {Oìhmù¶mMm {df¶ hmoVm. ‘mÌ

H$moUË¶mhr bm^mgmR>r Y‘©Ë¶mJ H$aUo Ë¶m§Zm ‘mÝ¶ ZìhVo. „emaXmgXZ d {¼ñVr Y‘©àgma‟

¶m boImV Vo {b[hVmV, “emaXmgXZmVrb AgUmè¶m ‘wbtZm ñdY‘©Ë¶mJ H$aÊ¶mMr ~wÜXr

hmoD$ Z XoÊ¶mñVd a‘m~mB© {OVH$s I~aXmar KoÊ¶mg amOr AmhoV Ago Amåhmg AmOn¶ªV

dmQ>V hmoVo {VVH$s Ë¶m KoV ZmhrV Aer WmoS>çm {XdgmV Am‘À¶m ZOaog Amboë¶m H$mhr

Jmoï>tdéZ Am‘Mr ImÌr Pmbr Amho Am{U åhUyZ AmOn¶ªV Ë¶mgXZmMm {OVH$m A{^‘mZ

Amåhr dmhrbm {VVH$m Vmo ¶mnwT>o dmhUo Ae³¶ Amho Ago Amåhr ‘moR>çm H$ï>mZo H$~yb

H$aVmo.”142

AmJaH$am§Zm emaXmgXZmMm nmqR>~m H$mTy>Z KoVbm ¶mMo Xþ:I hmoV hmoVo Vo ¶mdéZ

ñnï> hmoVo hmoVo. n§. a‘m~mB© {ZY‘u nÜXVrZo ór {ejUmMo à¶ËZ H$aVmV ¶mdahr Ë¶m§Mm

{dídmg Cabm ZìhVm. n§. a‘m~mB© Y‘mªVamgmR>r AZwHy$b dmVmdaU V¶ma H$aVmV Ago Ë¶m§Mo

‘V ~Zbo hmoVo. Ë¶m‘wio AmJaH$am§Zr ZmB©bmOmñVd emaXmgXZmMm nmqR>~m H$mTy>Z KoVbm

hmoVm.

161

¶mZ§Va emaXmgXZmda ~{hîH$ma nS>bm. “gXZmVyZ nmbH$m§Zr H$mTy>Z KoVboë¶m ‘wbr

d {VWë¶m AZmW ‘wbr ¶m§À¶m {Zdm©hmMr, {ejUmMr ì¶dñWm Y‘m©W© dJ©Ur O‘dyZ H$aÊ¶mMo

R>abo. ¶m ‘wbtMr gmo¶ hþOyanmJm‘Ü¶o H$aÊ¶mV Ambr.”143

¶m H$m¶m©‘Ü¶o bmo. {Q>iH$m§Zr {deof

nwT>mH$ma KoVbm hmoVm. emaXmgXZmVrb Y‘mªVamÀ¶m VH«$mar a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZH$S>o Joë¶m

hmoË¶m.emaXmgXZmVrb Y‘mªVamMr Mm¡H$er H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {‘gog Á¶w{S>W A±S²>Œ¶wO ¶m§Zm nmR>dbo.

Ë¶m a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m nXm{YH$mar hmoË¶m. Ë¶m§Zr Amnë¶m AhdmbmV åhQ>bo Amho H$s,

“a‘m~mBªZr Y‘© {ZanojVoÀ¶m gd© AQ>r nmië¶m AmhoV. qhXþ ‘wbtMo gmodio-Amodio AOyZhr

nmibo OmV Amho. ñdV: a‘m~mB© Y‘©~mø Agë¶m‘wio ñd¶§nmH$ Ka, OodUmMr Imobr dJ¡ao

{R>H$mUr Ë¶m§Zm ‘ÁOmd hmoVm.”144

{‘gog Á¶w{S>W A±S²>Œ¶wO ¶m§Zr n§. a‘m~mBªZm Xmof‘w³V

R>a{dbo.

gZ 1895 ‘Ü¶o amï³>r¶ H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ nwÊ¶mV âbo hmoVo. ¶m A{YdoeZmbm

Zm‘d§V nwT>mar O‘bo hmoVo. “n§. a‘m~mBªMr {H$Vu EHy$Z nwT>mè¶m§n¡H$s {H$Ë¶oH$m§Zr gXZmbm ôQ>

{Xbr. Vmon¶ªV 12 ‘wbtMm ~márñ‘m Pmbm hmoVm... ¶m A{YdoeZmV Ho$ednZmMm d {dYdm§Zm

{ejU XoD$Z ñdmdb§~r ~Z{dÊ¶mMm R>amd Pmbm.”145

¶m A{YdoeZmVrb ì¶mgnrR>mda

emaXmgXZm{df¶r nwT>rb ‘Vo ‘m§S>Ê¶mV Ambr. B§{S>¶Z gmoeb [a’$m°‘©Mo g§nmXH$ lr. Ho$.

ZQ>amOZ ¶m§Zr åhQ>bo H$s, “{dYdm§À¶m {ejUmgmR>r à¶ËZ H$aÊ¶mMm Omo nm¶§S>m n§{S>Vm

a‘m~mBªZr KmbyZ {Xbm Amho d øm ehamV Ë¶mMo H$m¶© Oo BV³¶m ¶eñdrnUo Mmby Amho,

Ë¶mMr àe§gm Ho$ë¶mIoarO amhdV Zmhr.”146

lr. E‘. ìhr. ‘hmOZr ¶m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho H$s,

“Oa AmnU Amnbr gXZo H$mT>Ê¶mMr {’$H$ra H$arV Zmhr Va n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m g§ñWm§Mr qZXm

H$aÊ¶mM H$mhr Cn¶moJ Zmhr.”147

lr. Zmam¶U am¶ d‘m© ¶m§Zr åhQ>bo H$s, “‘r H$Q²>Q>a qhXþ

Amho d VgmM amhÊ¶mMm ‘mPm {dMma Amho. Var nU n§. a‘m~mB© Oo H$arV AmhoV Ë¶m~Ôb

‘bm nyU© ghmZw^yVr Amho. øm§Mo gmYo H$maU Ago H$s, øm A~boZo Oo H$m¶© H$éZ XmI{dbo

Amho Vo Amnë¶mn¡H$s H$moUmhr nwéfmnojm OmñV Amho.”148

lr. Zmam¶U am¶ d‘m© øm§Zr

emaXmgXZmbm àË¶j oQ> {Xbr hmoVr. Ë¶mdoir ~mam ‘wbr {¼ñVr Pmë¶m. ømV H$mhr dmdJo

Pmbo Zmhr Agm A{^àm¶ ¶m§Zr Omhra Ho$bm. AemàH$mao H$m±J«og‘Yrb à{V{ð>V ì¶³VtZr n§.

a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm Om{hanUo nmqR>~m Xe©{dbm hmoVm.

162

1895 À¶m gm‘m{OH$ n[afXo‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$m¶m©da MMm© Pmbr. VoWrb

{dYdm§À¶m {ejU {df¶H$ H$m¶m©Mo H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. Ë¶mMm n[aUm‘ åhUOo gm‘m{OH$ n[afXo‘Ü¶o

{dYdm§Zm {ejU XoD$Z ñdmdb§~r H$aÊ¶mMm R>amd Ho$bm Jobm. ¶mdéZ ñnï> hmoVo H$s,

emaXmgXZmgma»¶m {dYdm J¥hm§Mr JaO gdmªZm nQ>V hmoVr. qhXþ bmoH$m§Zr emaXmgXZmH$Sy>Z

àoaUm KoD$Z ho H$m¶© H$aÊ¶mMr Amdí¶H$Vm ì¶³V Ho$br hmoVr.

Ho$gar d¥ÎmnÌm§‘Ü¶o 12 ‘wbr Y‘mªVam~m~V OiOirV {Q>H$m Ho$br hmoVr. Ho$garH$ma

{b[hVmV, “qhXþ Y‘m©Vrb 12 ‘wbr Zmhrem Pmë¶m, Ë¶m~Ôb Am‘À¶m A§V:H$aUmV H$mhr

XoIrb MQ>H$m Z bmdVm nwÝhm H$moS>½¶mgmaIo gXZmV OmdyZ Amåhr Amnë¶m ‘ZmVrb

g‘mYmZ ì¶³V H$éZ KoVmo. ¶mg H$m¶ åhUmdo Amåhmg gyMV Zmhr.”149

bmo. {Q>iH$ àIa amï³>dmXr hmoVo. Ohmb {dMmam§Mo amï³>dmXr ZoVo hmoVo. Y‘mªVamMr

à{H«$¶m amï³>r¶ Midirbm ~mYH$ Amho Ago Ë¶m§Mo ‘V hmoVo. Ë¶m§Zr emaXmgXZmVrb

Y‘mªVamMr à{H«$¶m amï³>m§VamgmaIr ‘mZbr. {¼ñVr Y‘mªVa amï³>Ðmohmà‘mUo ‘mZbo. Aem

Y‘mªVamg nmqR>~m XoUmao XoemMo eÌy AmhoV Aer Ohmb {Q>H$m Ho$br.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr Y‘mªVamÀ¶m à{H«$¶obm Z¡g{J©H$ ‘mZbo. Y‘mªVam{df¶rÀ¶m ñdmV§Í¶mMm

Ë¶m§Zr AmXa Ho$bm. emaXmgXZmVrb ~mam ‘wbtZr Y‘mªVa Ho$bo hmoVo. ¶mMo ñnï>rH$aU XoVmZm

Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “The chief cause of this faling off of the number is the conversion

of same twelve girls to Christianity.... All the girls who have embraced

Christianity are independent. They have never induced by any one to leave

their ancestral religion to accept Christianity. Each are has followed her own

conviction, and has done what she thought was right.”150

n§. a‘m~mBªZr emaXmgXZ ñWmnZ Ho$bo. Ë¶m‘mJo {¼ñVr Y‘©àgmamM gwá hoVy hmoVm

Ago Ë¶m§À¶m AmË‘M[aÌmVrb Zm|XrdéZ {Xg yZ ¶oVo. Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “gmÝ’«$mpÝgñH$mohÿZ

{ZKmë¶mnmgyZ ‘w§~B©bm CVaon¶ªV, Amnë¶m ‘ZmV Ago R>a{dbo H$s, Oar CKS> Y‘© {ejU

XoVm Ambo Zmhr Var ‘r amoO n{dÌ emó ‘moR>çmZo dmMyZ XmIdrZ Am{U Iè¶m XodmMr

{¼ñVmÀ¶m Zm‘mZo àmW©Zm H$arZ; Ë¶m‘wio ‘mÂ¶m gXZmVrb gdmªZm Y‘© {ejU {‘iob Am{U

‘mÂ¶m Xoe ^{JZr ho Mmbbobo nmhÿZ d EoHy$Z Iam Y‘© d ‘w³Vr ¶m{df¶r Mm¡H$er H$é

bmJVrb.”151

n§. a‘m~mBªZr n{dÌ emómMm àgma H$aÊ¶mMr ¶moOZm A‘o[aHo$Vrb àdmgmVM

163

Ho$br hmoVr Ago {XgVo. emaXmgXZmVrb ‘wbtda {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm à^md {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mMm

Ë¶m§Mm hoVy hmoVm. n§. a‘m~mBªZr ñdV:À¶m AmMaUmVyZ ‘wbtda {¼ñVr à^md {Z‘m©U Ho$bm.

Varhr Ë¶m§Mm ‘wi hoVy g‘mOgodm hm hmoVm. Y‘mªVao KS>dyZ AmUUo hm ‘yi hoVy ZìhVm.

emaXmgXZ_Üò Om{hanUo {¼ñVrH$aUmbm _ZmB© hmoVr. a_m~mB© Agmo{gEeZMr KQ>Zm

Ver hmoVr. Ë`m_wio n§. a_m~mBªda Y_mªVam{df`r ~§YZo hmoVr. _mÌ nwT>rb H$mimV ho ~§YZ

g§nwï>mV Ambo. Voìhm n§. a_m~mBªZr Om{hanUo Y_mªVao KS>dyZ AmUbr. Ë`m {b[hVmV, “emim

`m ZmdmZo Am_À`m g§ñWoMr n{hbr Xhm df} g§në`mda KQ>ZoV WmoS>m ~Xb H$aÊ`mV Ambm.

VoìhmnmgyZ emioV Zmd XmIb Ho$boë`m {dÚmWuZrbm Ym{_©H$ {ejU XoÊ`mV Ambo.”152

emaXmgXZ_Üò Y_mªVamgmR>r AZwHy$b n[apñWVr {Z_m©U Ho$br OmV hmoVr. _wbtÀ`m

ô¥X`n[adV©ZmgmR>r AàË`jnUo à`ËZ hmoV hmoVo. `mg§X^m©Vrb AmR>dUr AmZ§Xr~mB© H$d}

gm§JVmV, “Amnbm g_mO Odi H$aUma Zmhr Aem MwHy$Z \$gboë`m Jar~ {dYdm {Xgë`m

Va Ë`m§Zm Ë`m {¼ñVr ~m`H$m Odi KoD$Z XmoÝhr Y_m©À`m Jmoï>r gm§JV. Ë`m åhUV, „øm

Vw_À`m Y_m©V Xod Var H$go? g_mOhr VgmM.... Agbm Y_© d g_mO H$embm? Vwbm

nmoQ>mer YaVmo Ë`m òey à^ybm eaU Om... Ë`m§Mo (_wbtMo) Xw:Ir _Z JmoS> ~mobÊ`mH$S>o dio d

Aem H$mhr _wbr AmnU hmoD$Z {¼ñVr Pmë`m. nU Ë`mMm Amamon n§{S>Vm a_m~mBªda

Ambm.”153

Aem àH$mao emaXmgXZmV ô¥X`n[adV©ZmMo à`ËZ hmoV hmoVo ho ñnï> hmoVo. n§.

a_m~mB© `m{df`r AZ{^k AgyM eH$V ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m àË`j d AàË`j

Y_mªVamÀ`m à`ËZm§Zm H$gyZ {damoY Pmbm.

gZ 1895 Z§Va emaXmgXZ_Üò Om{ha ~m{áñ_o Pmbo. gZ 1895 _Üò 12 _wbtMr

Y_mªVao Pmbr. `mMm C„oI _mJo Ambm Amho. gZ 1898 n`ªV “emaXmgXZmV Amboë`m

EH§$Xa 350 {dÚmWuZtn¡H$s 49 OUtZr ~m{áñ_m KoD$Z {¼ñVmMm {ñdH$ma Ho$bm hmoVm.”154

„_wŠVr {H$aU‟ À`m MM© eVmãXr A§H$m_Üò Y_mªVarV _wbt{df`r _m{hVr {Xbr Amho.

emaXmgXZ nwUo òWo gwé AgVmZmM Ho$S>Jmd_Üò _wp³V {_eZMr ZdrZ dgmhV gwé hmoVr.

`m Zì`m dgmhVr_Üò _moR>çm à_mUmda {¼ñVr Y_mªVao KSy>Z Ambr. aoìh. S>ãë`y. S>ãë y.

~«wAa `m§Zr Mmb{dboë`m {deof àmW©Zm g^m§_wio Zmoìh|~aÀ`m 15 VmaIobm (1897) 116

~mb{dYdm d {ó`m `m§Zr ~m{áñ_m KoVbm.... nwT>o 4 Owb¡ 1898 nmgyZ 75 OUtZr {¼ñVmda

164

{dídmg àH$Q> H$éZ ~m{áñ_m KoVboë`m XmoZeo nÞmg Am{U 75 {_iyZ VéUtMr EH$ _moR>r

_§S>ir V`ma Pmbr.”155

Aem àH$mao emaXmgXZÀ`m H$mbI§S>mV Y_mªVarV _wbtMr g§»`m

dmT>V hmoVr. `m H$m_r nwUo d BVa ^mJmVrb {_eZatZr ‘wp³V {‘eZbm _XV Ho$br hmoVr.

{¼ñVr Y_© {ejU XoÊ`mgmR>r eã~mW emioMr gwédmV Pmbr hmoVr. ~m`~bÀ`m Aä`mgmMo

Img dJ© gwé Ho$bo hmoVo. gwdm{V©H$m§Mm ({¼ñV g§Xoe XoUmè`m ñd`§go{dH$m) JQ> V`ma Ho$bm

hmoVm. “gwdm{V©H$m AmgnmgÀ`m 15 IoS>çm§_Üò Jobr XmoZ df} gwdmVm©àgma H$arV hmoË`m. Jobr

ZD$ _{hZo eoVmVrb _Oya, gwVma, Jd§S>r d {dhrarda d ~m§YH$m_mda Agbobo _Oya `m

gdmªZm XaamoO gwdmVm© gm§[JVbr OmV hmoVr.”156

n§. a_m~mBªZr {¼ñVr Y_© pñdH$maÊ`mMr O~aXñVr _wbtda Ho$br ZìhVr. na§Vw

emaXmgXZmVrb {¼ñVr à^md dmT>bm hmoVm. Ë`mVyZ _wbr {¼ñVr Y_m©H$S>o AmoT>ë`m Joë`m.

emaXmgXZm_Üò ~mb{dYdm§Mr g§»`m _moR>r hmoVr. H$mhr _wbr AZmW hmoË`m. qhXw Y_m©Vrb

H$_©R>Vo_wio Ë`m§Mo OrdZ `mVZmXm`r hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm {¼ñVr Y_m©Vrb _mZdVoMr VËdo A{YH$

OdiMr dmQ>br. Ë`m_wio emaXmgXZm_Üò Y_mªVa H$aUmè`m _wbtMr g§»`m dmTy> bmJbr. n§.

a_m~mB© emaXmgXZmVrb Y_©ñdmV§Í`m{df`r {b[hVmV, “I put Bible and the Vedas

together on the Shelves of the school library.”157

n§. a_m~mB© Y_© ñdmV§Í`mMm Xmdm

H$aVmV. Varhr Ë`m§À`m Y_m©MaUm_wio Y_mªVamgmR>r AàË`j à^md nS>V hmoVm.

emaXmgXZmVrb ‘wbtda Y‘mªVamgmR>r g³Vr Ho$br Zgbr Var {¼ñVr Y‘© pñdH$maë¶mZo Ë¶m

qhXÿ éT>r na§nam§nmgyZ ‘w³V hmoUma hmoË¶m. Y‘mªVamVyZ gwpñWa d ¶mVZm ‘w³V OrdZ

{‘idÊ¶mgmR>r ‘wbr Y‘mªVao H$arV hmoË¶m. Ë¶mVyZM emaXmgXZMr dmQ>Mmb {¼ñVr H$aUmH$S>o

Pmbr.

4.12 n§. a_m~mBªMr XwîH$mimVrb {ó`m§gmR>r Ho$bobo H$m`© :

gZ 1897 _Üò ^maVmÀ¶m _Ü` àm§Vm_Üò _moR>m XwîH$mi nS>bm hmoVm. n§. a_m~mB© ¶m

XwîH$mir àm§Vm_Üò Joë`m. XwîH$mimVrb {ó`m d _wbr `m§Zm _XV Ho$br. XwîH$mir ^mJmVyZ

eoH$S>mo {ZamYma, An§J, amoJr _wbr d {ó`m§Zm KoD$Z Amë`m. n§. a_m~mBªZm `m XwîH$mir

^mJmV “Amnë`m _wbtZm ZoD$Z {dH$Umao AmB©~mn AmT>ibo. EH$ én`mbm, H$mhr WmoS>çmem

165

AmÊ`m§Zm qH$dm WmoS>çm ^mH$arÀ`m {nR>mbmhr øm nmoar \w§$Hy$Z Q>mH$Ê`mV òV hmoË`m. {ó`m§Mr

d _wbtMr {dH«$s H$aUmao ì`mnmar Jmoim Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm doí`m ì`dgm`mgmR>r àd¥Îm H$aUmao

Jw§S> {\$aV hmoVo.”158

n§. a_m~mBªZr `m _wbtZm Amgam {Xbm.

n§. a_m~mBªZr ~w§S>obI§S>mVrb Zm¡JmdmhÿZ emaXmgXZmbm EH$ nÌ {b[hbo hmoVo. Ë`m

nÌmV n§. a_m~mB© åhUVmV, “AmO JmS>rVyZ àdmg H$arV AgVmZm amZmdZm§VyZ eoH$S>mo Jar~

bmoH$m§Zm BH$S>o {VH$S>o qhS>VmZm nm[hbo. {~Mmè`m§Zm {Zdmè`mMr OmJm Zmhr. A§Jmda qMÜ`m,

Ë`mhr {ÔyZ qM~ Pmboë`m, nmoQ>mV ^wHo$Mm Omi, ~mhoéZ W§S>rdmè`mMr nrS>m H$moUr PmS>m§Zm,

H$moUr nS>rVq^VtZm {MH$Qy>Z Hw$S>Hw$S>V C^r am[hbr AmhoV. nwéf, ~m`H$m, _wbo, åhmVmar,

VaUr gJù`m àH$maMr _mUgo _aUmgÝZ AdñWoV Xoh^ma H$gm Var dmhV AmhoV.”159

n§.

a_m~mBªZr Aem _aUmgÝZ AdñWoVrb _wbr d {ó`m§Mr gwQ>H$m Ho$br. Ho$di ^yVXòZo ào[aV

hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zr XwîH$miJ«ñV {ó`m§Zm _XV Ho$br hmoVr. ho _mZdVoMo _moR>o H$m_ Ë`m§Zr Ho$bo hmoVo.

`mVyZ Ë`m CÀM Üò`mZo ào[aV Pmë`m hmoË`m Ago {XgVo. Ë`m§À`m ¶m _mZdVoÀ`m H$m`m©H$S>ohr

g§e`mÀ`m ZOaoZo nm[hbo Jobo. emaXmgXZmVrb Y_mªVamMr gb qhXw g_mOmÀ`m _ZmV H$m`_

am[hbr.

_Ü` àm§Vm_Üò nS>boë`m XwîH$mimMm g§~§Y n§. a_m~mBªZr Ho$boë`m àmW©Zoer OmoS>bm

Jobm. “1896 _Üò ~mB© 15 Y_©H$Ý`m KoD$Z bmoUmdù`mbm Joë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m§Mo ~m{áñ_o

Pmbo hmoVo. emaXmgXZmVrb Ë`m {dYdm hmoË`m.... ~mBªZr øm 15 Zm ~amo~a KoD$Z na_oídamMr

Aer AmJ«hmMr àmW©Zm Mmb{dbr H$s, øm n§YamMm dJ© H$éZ EH$m dfm©À`m AmV _bm 15

À`m OmJr 225 Y_©H$Ý`m Xo.”160

XwX£dmZo nwT>À`mM dfu _Ü` àm§VmV _moR>m XwîH$mi nS>bm. VoWyZ eoH$S>mo _wbr d {ó`m

emaXmgXZm_Üò Aml`mg Amë`m. n§. a_m~mBªZm Y_mªVamgmR>r _wbr {_imì`mV åhUyZ XodmZo

XwîH$mi nmS>bm Agm Amamon Pmbm. S>m°. ^m§S>maH$a ho _moR>o {dX²dmZ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zrhr n§.

a_m~mBªÀ`m àmW©ZoMm MwH$sMm AW© bmdbm Vo {b[hVmV, “Pandita has carried the theory

of prayer to a childish extent, believing that the famine was sent to answer her

prayer to increase the number of her converts to the square of the number

famine which rendered many female children orphans whom she took and

baptised.”161

166

`m Amamonm_mJo H$moUVmhr H$m`©H$maU^md {XgV Zmhr. Ë`m§Zr XwîH$mi nSy> Xo Aer

àmW©Zm Ho$br ZìhVr. Á`mdoir àmW©Zm Ho$br hmoVr, Voìhm ^maVmV Hw$R>ohr XwîH$mi nS>Ê`mMr

{MÝho {XgV ZìhVr. Varhr nS>boë`m XwîH$mimg n§. a_m~mBªZm gZmVÝ`m§Zr O~m~Xma Yabo.

`mdéZ qhXw g_mOmMr _Zo emaXmgXZ{df`r H$bw{fV Pmbr hmoVr ho {XgVo. “nm§T>anoem

à{V{ð>V g_mOmVyZ gXZmV {dYdm òB©Zmem Pmë`m åhUyZ ~mBªZr hr \w$H$Q>r Q>moiYmS> O_m

Ho$br Amho.”162

Agm Amamon n§. a‘m~mBªda Ho$garH$mam§Zr Ho$bm.

‘mÌ n§. a_m~mBªÀ`m `m H$m`m©Mo H$m¡VwH$ Ë`m§À`m M[aÌH$mam§Zr Ho$bobo Amho. Ûm. Jmo. d¡Ú

{b[hVmV H$s, “emaXmgXZ {¼ñVr Pmë`mZo AmnU hmoD$Z VrV H$moUr _wbr nmR>{dZmgo

Pmë`mZo XwîH$mimMr g§Yr gmYyZ Am`Vo AmUbobo nrH$ O_m H$aÊ`mgmR>r a_m~mB© XwîH$miJ«ñV

àm§VmV Joë`m d Ë`m§Zm {VWo H$ënZoÀ`m ~mhoa bm^ Pmbm Ago {H$ËòH$ åhUVmV. nU ho Iao

Zmhr. hOmamo _mUgo AÝZmÞ XeoV AgVmZm Kar ~gyZ XmoZ Kmg gwImZo ImUo Ë`m§g ~ao

dmQ>bo Zmhr åhUyZ n§. a_m~mB© ~mhoa nS>ë`m.”163

n§. a‘m~mBªZm XþîH$mimVrb ‘wbtZm

‘mZdVoÀ¶m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ Aml¶ {Xbm Ago {XgVo.

Xm[aÐ` d Cnmg_ma n§. a_m~mBªZr AZw^dbo hmoVo. 1876-77 À`m XwîH$mimV

Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qy>§~mMr Pmbobr dmVmhV Ë`m {dgaë`m ZìhË`m. Ë`m_wio XwîH$miJ«ñVm§gmR>r Ë`m§Zr

^yVXòÀ`m, _mUygH$sÀ`m ^mdZoZo H$m`© Ho$bo hmoVo. Varhr VËH$mbrZ g_mOmbm `m H$m`m ©{df`r

\$magm AmXa dmQ>bm Zmhr. XwîH$miJ«ñV ^mJmVyZ n§. a_m~mBªZr “600 AZmW {ó`m d _wbo d

_wbr ~amo~a AmUbr hmoVr. Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s Á`m§Zm IamoIa _XVrMr JaO hmoVr AerM 300

Amnë`mOdi R>oD$Z KoD$Z ~mH$sÀ`m§Mr admZJr Ë`m§Zr BVa {R>H$mUr Ho$br.”164

øm BVa

_wbr d _wbo `m§Mr O~m~Xmar {_eZar g§ñWm§Zr KoVbr hmoVr.

emaXmgXZ_Üò \$ŠV 50 _wbtÀ`m amhÊ`mMr gmo` hmoVr. n§. a_m~mBªZr

emaXmgXZmÀ`m eoOmar PmonS>çm ~m§Yë`m. Á`mXm {ó`m§À¶m amhÊ`mMm àíZ gmoS>{dbm. ‘wbtMr

g§»¶m dmT>br. Ë¶mVyZ Am{W©H$ ~moOm dmT>bm. åhUyZ {¼ñVmH$S> o ‘XVrMr ¶mMZm H$é

bmJë¶m. ¶m{df¶r n§. a‘m~mB© Amnë¶m AmË‘M[aÌm‘Ü¶o {b[hVmV, “‘mPo gd© AmoPo ‘r

à^yda Q>mH$ë¶m‘wio ‘mPm gd© Ìmg d H$miOr Zmhrer Pmbr Amho.”165

Ë¶mM doir nwÊ¶mV

167

ßboJMr gmW gwé Pmbr. å¶w{Z{gnmëQ>rZo XþîH$mir ‘wbtZm nwÊ¶mV R>odÊ¶mg ‘ZmB© Ho$br.

AIoa n§. a‘m~mBªZr emaXmgXZmVrb ‘wbtZm Ho$S>Jmd ¶oWo Zobo.

4.13 emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$m¶m©Mm gmam§e :

gZ 1889 Vo gZ 1898 hm emaXmgXZMm Xhm dfm©Mm H$mbI§S> hmoVm. hm H$mbI§S>

n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m OrdZmVrb g§Kfm©Mm hmoVm. ór gwYmaUm H$m¶m©gmR>r g§ñWmnH$ nmVirda

Ho$bobm hm n{hbm à¶moJ hmoVm. emaXmgXZ CÀMdUu¶ qhXÿ {dYdm§À¶m {ejUmgmR>r ñWmnZ

Ho$bo hmoVo. g‘mOmVrb ZH$mamË‘H$ OrdZ OJUmè¶m eoH$S>mo ‘wbr d {ó¶m§Zm emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o

Aml¶ {Xbm hmoVm. eoH$S>mo {dYdm§Mr éT>r na§naoÀ¶m OmoImS>mVyZ gwQ>H$m emaXmgXZ‘wio hmoD$

eH$br. n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m M[aÌH$ma {‘gog S>m¶a ¶m§Zr ¶m ‘wbtMr gwQ>H$m „nyd©H$mbrZ ZrJ«mo

Jwbm‘m§À¶m gwQ>Ho$BVH$s Ii~iOZH$ hmoVr‟ Ago åhQ>bo Amho. emaXmgXZMm à¶moJ VËH$mbrZ

qhXÿ {dMmagaUrbm Y³H$m XoUmam hmoVm. n§. a‘m~mB© qhXÿ AgË¶m Varhr Ë¶m§À¶m ¶m H$m¶m©bm

g‘mOmMm {damoY Pmbm AgVm. {‘g gamh h°‘{bZ øm {gñQ>a {OamëS>rZ ¶m§Zm nmR>{dboë¶m

nÌmV {b[hVmV H$s, “If she were labouring as the missionaries lobour mostly with

the lower caste, but that she should confine her work to them and a convert

rouses a strong spirit of hostility. It is difficult to find common ground of

sympathy.”166

n§. a‘m~mBªZr {‘eZè¶m§à‘mUo Am{Xdmgr, ImbÀ¶m OmVtÀ¶m dJm©V H$m‘

Ho$bo AgVo Va Ë¶m§À¶m ~m~VrV gm‘m{OH$ {damoY ’$magm Pmbm ZgVm. Ë¶m§Zr

CÀMdUv¶m§‘Ü¶o H$m‘ Ho$bo åhUyZ gm‘m{OH$ {damoY Pmbm. Y‘mªVamÀ¶m àH$aUm‘wio bmoH$m§À¶m

‘ZmV H$S>dQ>nUm Ambm.

n§. a‘m~mBªZr ñWmnZ Ho$boë¶m emaXmgXZmbm g‘mOml¶ Z {‘iÊ¶mMr H$maUo nwT>rb

à‘mUo gm§JVm ¶oVrb.

1) {dYdm§Zm {ejU XoUo, Ë¶m§Mo nwZd©gZ H$aUo hm {dMma nmn ‘mZbo OmV hmoVo. Ë¶m‘wio

{dYdm§À¶m {ejUmMm à¶moJ g‘mOmbm nQ>bm Zmhr. n[aUm‘r emaXmgXZmbm

g‘mOml¶ {‘imbm Zmhr.

2) Am§VaOmVr¶ {ddmh, Y‘mªVa d d¡Yì¶ øm ~m~r§‘wio n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ApñVËdmbm

g‘mOm‘Ü¶o ’$magm gÝ‘mZ {‘imbm Zmhr. VgoM Ho$gargma»¶m d¥ÎmnÌm§Zr Ë¶m§À¶m

{déÜX AmKmS>r CKS>br.

168

3) emaXmgXZda {¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm à^md dmT>bm. AZoH$ ‘wbtZr ~m{áñ‘m KoVbm. g‘mOmZo

Y‘mªVamÀ¶m à{H«$¶obm {damoY Ho$bm. Ë¶m‘wio emaXmgXZmg g‘mOml¶ {‘imbm Zmhr.

WmoS>³¶mV emaXmgXZmVrb H$m¶© Y‘©ÐmohmgmaIo ‘mZbo. n§. a‘m~mBªMo Y‘mªVa

amï³>m§VamgmaIo ‘mZbo. Y‘mªVamÀ¶m à{H«$¶obm amï³>Ðmoh ‘mZbo. ¶m H$maUm‘wio n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ór

gwYmaUm H$m¶m©Mo ‘yë¶ g‘mOmbm g‘Obo Zmhr. n§. a‘m~mB© d qhXÿ g‘mO ¶m§À¶mV H$m¶‘Mm

Xþamdm {Z‘m©U Pmbm.

n§. a‘m~mB© nVrV {ó¶m§gmR>r PQ>ë¶m Varhr n§{S>Vm a‘m~mBªZm Wmoa g‘mOgo{dH$m

‘mZÊ¶mg à. Ho$. AÌo ZH$ma XoVmV Vo åhUVmV, “{¼ñVr Y‘m©Mm pñdH$ma H$éZ Ë¶m§Zr qhXr

{¼ñVr g‘mOmMr ’$ma ‘moR>r godm Ho$br ¶mV g§e¶ Zmhr, nU Á¶m qhXÿ g‘mOmV Ë¶m§Mm ‘yi

OÝ‘ Pmbm hmoVm, Ë¶m g‘mOmbm Ë¶m§Mr Wmoa ~wÜXrMm, kmZmMm Am{U H$V¥©ÎdmMm ‘wirM

’$m¶Xm {‘iy eH$bm Zmhr. Ago ‘mÌ IoXmZo åhUmdo bmJVo. Y‘mªVa Z H$aVm n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB©

¶m§Zr {dÚm XmZmMo Am{U g‘mO gwYmaUoMo H$m¶© Oa Amnë¶m g‘mOmV Ho$bo AgVo Va

{dîUwemór {MniyUH$a, amZS>o, {Q>iH$, AmJaH$a Am{U Ym|S>mon§V H$d} ¶m§À¶m VoOñdr

‘m{bHo$V n§{S>Vm a‘m~mBªMo Zmd ‘hmamï³>mbm {Z:g§e¶ Kmbmdo bmJbo AgVo.”167

à. Ho$. AÌo à{VV¶e d ‘moR>o gm{hpË¶H$ hmoVo. Ë¶m§Zr n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©nojm Y‘©

‘hÎdmMm ‘mZbm. g‘mO gwYmaH$mMm Y‘© dm OmV ‘hÎdmMr ZgVo. Ë¶m§Mo H$m‘ ‘hÎdmMo

AgVo. Ë¶m§À¶m H$m‘mVyZ g‘mOmbm {‘imbobr {Xem ‘hÎdmMr AgVo. g‘mO à~moYZmVrb

Ë¶m§Mr H$m‘{Jar ‘hÎdmMr AgVo. ¶m g§X^m©V n§{S>Vm a‘m~mBªMo emaXmgXZmVrb H$m‘ AË¶§V

‘hÎdmMo Amho. åhUyZ g‘mO gwYmaUm MidirMo Aä¶mgH$ S>m°. AZ§V amD$V {b[hVmV,

“Ë¶m§Mm AZmW ‘mVm åhUyZ Jm¡ad H$aÊ¶mV H$mhrhr A{Ve¶mo³Vr hmoUma Zmhr.”167A

emaXmgXZMr n{hbr Xhm df} gZ 1898 bm g§nbr. H$amamà‘mUo “a‘m~mB©

Agmo{gEeZ ~§X H$aÊ¶mV Ambo. gmar BñQ>oQ> ~mBªZm ~{jg XoD$Z Q>mH$br. ZdrZ

Agmo{gEeZ ñWmnZ H$aÊ¶mV ¶oD$Z {VMo Zmd A‘o[aH$Z a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZ Ago R>odÊ¶mV

Ambo. ~mBªZm {‘imbobr gd© BñQ>oQ> ~mBªZr Ë¶m Zì¶m Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m Zmdo H$éZ {Xbr.”168

¶mdéZ n§. a‘m~mB© ór CÜXmamÀ¶m CXmÎm ^mdZoZo àoarV Pmboë¶m {XgVmV. Ë¶m§Zm

Agmo{gEeZH$Sy>Z {‘imbobr g§nÎmr d Ho$S>JmdMr O‘rZ ¶m g§nÎmrÀ¶m ~imda Ë¶m EH$m

O‘rZXmamgmaIo gwIM¡Zr OrdZ OJy eH$ë¶m AgË¶m. ‘mÌ Ë¶m§Zr gd© g§nÎmr Zì¶m

Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m Zmdo H$éZ {Z:ñdmWunUm XmI{dbm.

169

n§. a‘m~mB© gZ 1898 ‘Ü¶o Xþgè¶m§Xm A‘o[aHo$V Joë¶m. VoWo a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZMr

16 ‘mM© 1898 amoOr dm{f©H$ gd©gmYmaU g^m g§nÝZ Pmbr. ¶m g obm Ë¶m CnpñWV

am{hë¶m. ¶m gôg‘moa n§. a‘m~mBªZr emaXmgXZmÀ¶m Xhm dfm©À¶m H$m¶m©Mm Ahdmb gmXa

Ho$bm. Ë¶m {b[hVmV H$s, “We have purchased a farm, as you know, about thirty

four miles from the school, you sent me nearly five thousand dollars for it. The

money has not been spent in vain; for the farm has been great blessing to us,

and I hope will be in the future. It has sheltered more than three hundred girls

and it is supplying vegetables and I hope it will be able to supply fruit in the

future. You hold a property in India, in the school of fifty thousand dollers and

in the farm of ten thousand dollars. Out of the ninety five thousand dolllars you

sent to me. Sixty thousand are thus given back to you.”169

n§. a‘m~mBªZr Ho$S>Jmd ¶oWo O‘rZ IaoXr Ho$br. ¶m‘mJo XÿaÑï>rnUm {XgyZ ¶oVmo.

^{dî¶H$mimV ¶m O{‘Zr‘wio CËnÝZ {‘iob. Aer ¶moOZm Ë¶m§Zr 1885 ‘Ü¶oM H$éZ R>odbr

hmoVr. a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZH$Sy>Z {‘imboë¶m n¡emMm {heo~ Ë¶m§Zr nmaXe©H$nU o gmXa Ho$bm.

a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m E³Pr³¶wQ>rìh H${‘Q>rÀ¶m AÜ¶jm Á¶w{S>W S>ãë¶y. A°ÝS´>¶y

¶m§Zr emaXmgXZm{df¶rMm Ahdmb 16 ‘mM© 1898 À¶m gôV gmXa Ho$bm. Ë¶m {b[hVmV

H$s, “The Sharada Sadan today is worth $50,000 without one rupee of debt

upon it. Throught it have passed three hundred and fifty child widow and girls,

the average number in the home being fifty. The past year closed with seventy

five. Fourteen pupils have been trained as teachers, nine of whom are teaching

in different schools and two have opened schools of their own, of eight trained

as nurses, five are employed. Seven are matrons; two are houses keepers; while

ten have happy homes of their own and were not married before they were

twenty one of the three hundred and fifty who have been in the Sadan for

longer or shorter time. Fourty – eight have become Christians, Twenty three of

whom are voluntary Christian workers.”170

emaXmgXZmVrb ‘wbtMr gm§p»¶H$s¶ ‘m{hVr‘wio ‘wbt‘Ü¶o Pmboë¶m n[adV©ZmMm

Vn{eb g‘OVmo. Ë¶m ‘wbtÀ¶m OrdZm‘Ü¶o Am‘wbmJ« ~Xb Pmbm. n§. a‘m~mBªZr ¶m ‘wbtÀ¶m

OJÊ¶mbm ñdV§Ì ApñVËd {‘idyZ {Xbo. Á¶wS>rW S>ãë¶w A°ÝS²>Œ¶w darb gm§p»¶H$s¶ ‘m{hVrbm

„glorified statastics‟ Ago åhUVmV. a‘m~mB© Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m AÜ¶jm aoìh. bm¶‘Z A~moQ>

170

S>r. S>r. øm§Zr emaXmgXZmVrb H$m¶m©{df¶r g‘mYmZ ì¶³V Ho$bo. n§. a‘m~mBªMo H$m¡VwH$

H$aVmZm Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “By faith Pandita Ramabai won the hearts of American

and emancipated her sisters in India.”171

n§. a‘m~mBªZr emaXmgXZMm 10 dfm©Vrb

CnbãYrMm Ahdmb gmXa Ho$bm. ¶mdéZ Ë¶m§À¶m ì¶dhmamVrb MmoInUm {XgyZ ¶oVmo.

‘wbtÀ¶m gm§p»¶H$s¶ ‘m{hVr‘wio ’$b{ZînÎmrMm {dídmg ì¶³V hmoVmo.

4.14 a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZ :

emaXmgXZ (Home of Wisdom) gmR>r a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZZo Xhm df} ‘XV Ho$br.

a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZbm 75 a‘m~mB© gH©$ëg g§b½Z hmoVo. àË¶oH$ gH©$bÀ¶m ñdV§Ì KQ>Zm

hmoË¶m. Ë¶m a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZÀ¶m KQ>Zo~ahþHy$‘ hmoË¶m. a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZMr KQ>Zm

{Q>iH$ Xo. Zm. ¶m§Zr ‘hmamï³>mMr VoOpñdZr n§. a‘m~mB© ¶m nwñVH$mV n¥. H«$. 207 da

Imbrbà‘mUo {Xbr Amho.

1) n§. a‘m~mBªZr npíM‘ qhXþñWmZmVrb nwUo ehamV qH$dm Ë¶m ehamOdiM CÀMdUu¶

~mb{dYdm§gmR>r emim H$mTy>Z Mmb{dbr åhUyZ g§ñWm ñWmnÊ¶mV ¶oV AgyZ {VMo Zmd

X a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEmZ Ago R>odÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.

2) øm g§ñWoMr e¡j{UH$ nÜXVr {ZY‘u amhyZ Vr n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB© ¶m§À¶m {Z¶§ÌUmImbr

amhrb. Agmo{eEeZÀ¶m ~moS>© Am°’$ Q³>ñQ>rO²bm Ë¶m O~m~Xma amhVrb.

3) Agmo{eEeZMo g^mgX Xhm df}n¶ªV Xagmb H$‘rV H$‘r EH$ S>m°ba dJ©Ur XoVrb.

Xagmb 100 S>m°bg© Xhm df}n¶ªV XoUmè¶m g^mgXmbm {eî¶d¥Îmr XmVm åhUÊ¶mV

¶oB©b.

4) Agmo{eEeZMo hþX²XoXma Imbrbà‘mUo AgVrb.

AÜ¶j (EH$ qH$dm A{YH$), CnmÜ¶j, I{OZXma (EH$ qH$dm A{YH$), {MQ>Urg, {dídñV

‘§S>i, gëbmJma ‘§S>i d H$m¶©H$mar ‘§S>i.

5) H$m¶©H$mar ‘§S>i g§ñWoÀ¶m H$m‘H$mOmda XoIaoI H$aob d Ahdmb {dídñV ‘§S>imH$S>o

gmXa H$arb.

6) ~moñQ>Z ¶oWrb {dídñV ‘§S>i emiog§~§YrÀ¶m gd© VèhoÀ¶m Am{W©H$ O~m~Xmè¶m

qhXþñWmZmVrb gëbmJma ‘§S>imÀ¶m gëë¶mZo nma nmS>ob.

171

7) Agmo{eEeZMr dm{f©H$ g^m {S>g|~a‘Ü¶o AÜ¶j R>adVrb Ë¶m OmJr d Ë¶m doir

â{dÊ¶mV ¶oB©b.

8) {dídñV ‘§S>imÀ¶m ~¡R>H$m dfm©VyZ XmoZXm d H$m¶©H$mar ‘§S>imÀ¶m Xa‘hm âV OmVrb.

9) doJdoJir a‘m~mB© gH©$ëg Agmo{eEeZÀ¶m emIm åhUyZ H$m‘ nmhVrb.

10) øm KQ>ZoV ’o$a’$ma H$aÊ¶mMm A{YH$ma dm{f©H$ gôbm Agob. Agm ’o$a’$ma

H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘Vm{YH$ma Agboë¶m hOa g^mgXm§n¡H$s XmoZ V¥{V¶m§e g^mgXm§Mr ‘Vo

nS>br nm{hOoV.

a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZMr dm{f©H$ g^m ‘mM© ‘{hÝ¶m‘Ü¶o hmoV hmoVr. ¶m gôgmR>r

emaXmgXZmÀ¶m dm{f©H$ H$m¶m©Mm Ahdmb n§. a‘m~mB© nmR>{dV AgV. ¶m Agmo{eEeZÀ¶m

dm{f©H$ gôMo Ahdmb A‘o[aHo$Vrb ¶ob {dÚmnrR>mÀ¶m J«§Wmb¶mV OVZ H$aÊ¶mV Ambo

AmhoV. ¶m AhdmbmdéZ emaXmgXZmÀ¶m Xhm dfmªMm AmT>mdm KoVm ¶oVmo.

a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZZo emaXmgXZmg Ho$bobr Am{W©H$ ‘XV (S>m°bg©‘Ü¶o)

A.H«$. Ahdmb

df©

dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur d g^mgX

’$s

B‘maV {ZYr

{eî¶d¥Îmr gm‘mÝ¶ {ZYr BVa d

EHy$U {ZYr

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1889 1890-91 1891-92 1892-93 1895-96 1896-97 1897-98

5503.12 3805.49 6279.24 4993.00 3728.83 2516.05

6295.00 1855.16 227.61 395.00

10.00

500 700 500 1000 1000 500

173.55 657.28 188.53 206.38 1215.25

18181.00 30891.00 35798.17 43740.05 78424.69 83359.90 87725.00

(g§X^© : gZ 1889 Vo 1898 Mo dm{f©H$ Ahdmb (Q>oPar [anmoQ>©déZ))

gZ 1893-94 d gZ 1894-95 ¶m H$mimVrb Ahdmb CnbãY ZmhrV. darb

XoUJr V³Ë¶mdéZ {XgyZ ¶oVo H$s, a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZH$Sy>Z emaXmgXZmgmR>r âKmog

Am{W©H$ ‘XV {‘iV hmoVr. emaXmgXZÀ¶m JaOoà‘mUo n{hë¶m VrZ dfmªgmR>r B‘maVrgmR>r

nwaogm {ZYr {‘imbm. {dÚmWuZtZm e¡j{UH$ àmoËgmhZ XoÊ¶mgmR>r {eî¶d¥ÎmrgmR>r Img {ZYr

H$moo {‘iV hmoVm. {eî¶d¥ÎmrÀ¶m aH$‘o‘Ü¶o Xadfu dmT> hmoVmZm {XgVo. emaXmgXZmÀ¶m

ì¶dñWmnZmgmR>r {Xboë¶m {ZYr‘Ü¶o Xadfu dmT> hmoVmZm {XgVo.

172

a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZÀ¶m Am{W©H$ ‘XVr‘wioM emaXmgXZ Xhm dfm©Mm H$m¶©H$mi

¶eñdrnUo nyU© H$é eH$bo. ^maVmgma»¶m Xÿa àXoemVrb {dYdm {ó¶m§À¶m CÜXmamgmR>r

A‘o[aH$Z g‘mOmZo {Xbobr hr ‘XV hmoVr. àJVrerb A‘o[aH$s g‘mO gm‘m{OH$ CÎmaXm{¶Îd

~miJVmo ¶mMo ho CÎm‘ CXmhaU hmoVo. a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZZo emaXmgXZMr O~m~Xmar {Zanoj

d {ZY‘u ^mdZoZo KoVbr hmoVr. n§. a‘m~mBªMr gm‘m{OH$ Vi‘i nmhÿZ Agmo{eEeZZo hr ‘XV

Ho$br hmoVr.

4.15 emaXmgXZ emioMm df©{Zhm¶ Vn{eb :

a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZÀ¶m dm{f©H$ gôMo gZ 1889 Vo 1898 ¶m H$mimVrb H$mhr

Ahdmb CnbãY AmhoV. Ë¶m Ahdmbm§Mm df©{Zhm¶ AmT>mdm KoVbm Amho. ¶mdéZ emaXmgXZ

{df¶rÀ¶m H$m¶m©Mm AmT>mdm ¶oD$ eH$Vmo.

1) gZ 1889-1890 :

‘mM© 1890 ‘Ü¶o a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZMr dm{f©H$ g^m g§nÝZ Pmbr. ¶m gôÀ¶m

Ahdmbm‘Ü¶o n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m nyd© Am¶wî¶mMm AmT>mdm KoVbm Amho. Ë¶m‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZmVrb

KS>m‘moS>t{df¶r ‘m{hVr {Xbr Amho.

11 E{àb 1889 amoOrÀ¶m nÌmV n§. a‘m~mBªZr gXZmÀ¶m CX²KmQ>Z gmohù¶m{df¶r

‘m{hVr {Xbr Amho. 11‘mM© 1889 amoOr emaXmgXZmMr ñWmnZm Pmbr. XmoZ {dÚmWuZtZr

gwédmVrbm àdoe KoVbm hmoVm. Ë¶mV emaXm JÐo hr Hw$‘marH$m hmoVr. JmoXþ~mB© Omoer hr

~mb{dYdm hmoVr. CX²KmQ>Z gmohù¶mMo AÜ¶jnXr lr‘Vr H$mer~mB© H$m{ZQ>H$a hmoË¶m. hr

KQ>Zm n§. a‘m~mBªZm H«$m§VrH$mar dmQ>Vo. Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “This is the first instance in

history (of this presidency, at least) in which a high caste Hindu lady presided

over such a gathering..... it was time we have changing the stereo typed pages

of custom.”172

n§. a‘m~mBªZr 21 ‘o 1889 amoOrÀ¶m nÌm‘Ü¶o {dÚmWuZtÀ¶m g§»¶oMm Vn{eb {Xbm

Amho. Ë¶m {b[hVmV, “We have fifteen pupils in the school. Five more widows of

high – caste have applied for admission.”173

¶mdéZ XmoZ ‘{hÝ¶m§‘Ü¶o g§»¶m dmT>br

173

hmoVr Ago {XgVo. n§. a‘m~mBªZr 11 OyZ 1889 amoOrÀ¶m nÌmV “There are twenty two

girls in the school now. Nine girls are living with me.”174

Aer ‘m{hVr {Xbr Amho.

23 Am°JñQ> 1889 À¶m nÌm‘Ü¶o n§. a‘m~mB© a‘m~mB© gH©$ëgMo Am^ma ‘mZVmV,

emaXmgXZmVrb Y‘© ñdmV§Í¶mMr h‘r XoVmZm Ë¶m {b[hVmV H$s, “The pupils should have

perfect freedom in religious matter.”175

gZ 1889 ‘Ü¶o B‘maVr d gm‘mÝ¶

{ZYrgmR>r 6295.00 S>m°bg© {‘imbo. emioÀ¶m ì¶dñWmnZmgmR>r 18181.00 S>m°bg© BVH$m

{ZYr {‘imbm hmoVm. „The High Caste Hindu Women‟ ¶m nwñVH$mÀ¶m {dH«$sVyZ

480.00 S>m°bg© Agmo{eEeZH$S>o O‘m Pmbo. Vr a³H$‘ emaXmgXZmgmR>r nmR>{dÊ¶mV Ambr.

(Source : Report of Annual meeting of Ramabai Association held on March

1890)

2) gZ 1890 - 1891

n§. a‘m~mBªZr 30 OmZodmar 1891 bm emaXmgXZMm gZm 1890 Mm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb

a‘m~mB© Agmo{EeZbm nmR>{dbm. Ë¶mV Ë¶m Z‘yX H$aVmV H$s, “We have twenty six

widow in the Sharada Sadan, of whom twenty four line in this house and two

attend the school as day scholars. Also we have thirteen non-widown girls, of

whom ten live in the Sharada Sadan and three attend the school daily.”176

¶mdéZ emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o 39 ‘wbr àdo{eV hmoË¶m. gZ 1889 À¶m VwbZoV {dÚmWuZtMr

g§»¶m dmT>br hmoVr. 28 OmZodmar 1891 amoOr M§Ðm~mB©, M§Ð^mJm, ÛmaH$m~mB©, da‘m~mB©,

H¥$îUm~mB©, H$mer XodéIH$a, JmoXþ~mB© B. {dÚmWuZtZr a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZbm nÌo {bhrbr

hmoVr. Ë¶m‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZ‘wio Ë¶m§À¶m OrdZmV Pmboë¶m ~Xbm§{df¶r {b[hbo hmoVo.

emaXmgXZ emioMr doi g.10.00 Vo gm¶§.4.30 Aer hmoVr. XaamoO gH$mir n§. a‘m~mB©

‘yë¶ {ejUmda ì¶m»¶mZ XoV. emio‘Ü¶o 3ar, 4 Wr d 5 dr ‘amR>r B¶Îmon¶ªVMo dJ© hmoVo.

dmMZ, boIZ, J{UV, ^yJmob, B{Vhmg, ~wÜXr‘Îmm, ì¶mH$aU B. {df¶m§Mm Aä¶mgH«$‘

g‘mdoe hmoVm. Xhm ‘wbtgmR>r Img g§ñH¥$VMm dJ© gwé Ho$bm hmoVm. {Zdmgr ‘wbtZm KaJwVr

H$m‘mMo à{ejU {Xbo OmV hmoVo. ¶m à{ejUm‘Ü¶o ñdÀN>Vm, {ZQ>ZoQ>Ho$nUm, Mm§Jbo {eï>mMma,

ghH$m¶©d¥Îmr BË¶mXr ~m~tMm g‘mdoe hmoVm. gZ 1890 ‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZMo ñWbm§Va ‘w§~B©hÿZ

nwUo ¶oWo Pmbo. S>m°. Ama. Or. ^m§S>maH$a ¶m§Zr 15 OyZ 1891 bm emaXmgXZbm ôQ> {Xbr

174

hmoVr. Vo gëbmJma ‘§S>imMo gXñ¶ hmoVo. Ë¶m§Zr ¶m ôQ>rMm A{^àm¶ Agmo{eEeZbm nÌmÛmao

H$i{dbm H$s, “I visited the Sharada Sadan on 15th

of this month and examined

the pupils in reading (Marathi and English) Parsing, explanation and arithmetic.

The girls acquitted themselves creditably and the school seemed to be well

conducted.”177

(Source : Report of Annual Meeting of Ramabai Association

held March 11, 1891)

3) gZ 1891 - 1892

n§. a‘m~mBªZr {X. 29 OmZodmar 1892 amoOr gZ 1891 Mm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb

Agmo{eEeZbm nmR>{dbm. Ë¶m‘Ü¶o Ë¶m àdo{eV ‘wbt{df¶r {b[hVmV H$s, “We have thirty

young widows, three deserted wives, three married girls and seven unmarried

girls studying in the Sharada Sadan.”178

¶mdéZ emaXmgXZMr JaO g‘mOmbm

nQ>bobr {XgVo. ór {ejUmMm H«$m§VrH$mar à¶ËZ emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o hmoV hmoVm.

gZ 1891 ‘Ü¶o g§‘Vr d¶mÀ¶m {~bm{df¶r MMm© gwé hmoVr. emaXmgXZmZo

gaH$maH$S> o ¶m {~bmÀ¶m ~mOyZo ¶m{MH$m XmIb Ho$br hmoVr. g§‘Vr d¶mMo ~rb ‘§Oya

hmoÊ¶mgmR>r emaXmgXZZo nmqR>~m Xe©{dbm hmoVm. Am°³Q>mo~a 1891 ‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o ~mb

{ejU nÜXVr (Kindergarten) Mo dJ© gwé Pmbo. ¶m{df¶r n§. a‘m~mB© {b[hVmV H$s, “A

Kindergarten training class has been started which is making good progress.

Fourteen pupils and two teachers have joined the class.”179

qH$S>a JmQ>©Z nÜXVr

^maVmV àW‘M gwé Pmbr. gwédmVrbmM ¶m {ejU nÜXVrbm Mm§Jbm nmqR>~m {‘imbm hmoVm.

‘mM© gZ 1891 ‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZmbm åh¡gyao ‘hmamO d Ë¶m§À¶m {eï> ‘§S>imZo ôQ>

{Xbr. Ë¶m§Zr emaXmgXZMo H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. Ë¶m§Zr 500 é. Mr XoUJr {Xbr hmoVr. lr. X¶mam‘

{JSy>‘b ho qgY àm§VmMo Ý¶m¶mYre hmoVo. Ë¶m§Zr emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm H«$m§VrH$mar åhQ>bo.

Ë¶m§Zr emaXmgXZgmR>r dm{f©H$ 120 é. dJ©Ur gwé Ho$br. {‘g. gm°‘agoQ> øm H|${~«O,

B§½b§S>À¶m g‘mOgo{dH$m hmoË¶m. {‘g gm°‘agoQ> ¶m§Zr emaXmgXZgmR>r 556 é. Mr XoUJr

Jmoim H$éZ nmR>{dbr. {‘g B‘m EM. nmë‘a ¶m§Zr emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o ~m°S>br ñ‘¥Vr J«§Wmb¶

(Bodley Memorial Library)gwé H$aÊ¶mgmR>r 450 é. Mm {ZYr Jmoim Ho$bm. lr.

h[aíM§Ð {dÇ>b ¶m§Zr 10 é. Mr XoUJr {Xbr. ¶m dfu emaXmgXZmgmR>r ZdrZ B‘maV d ‘¡XmZ

175

IaoXrMm ì¶dhma Pmbm. ¶m ì¶dhmamV {dYr {df¶H$ H$m‘o lr. M§XmdaH$a ¶m§Zr Ho$br.

Ë¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zr ‘mZYZ KoVbo Zmhr. emaXmgXZÀ¶m Zì¶m ‘mb‘ÎmoÀ¶m Zm|XUr{df¶H$

H$m¶Xoera à{H«$¶m Ý¶m. amZS>o ¶m§Zr nyU© Ho$br. Zm‘Xma Jmonmi H¥$îU JmoIbo, Ama. ~r.

H$m{ZQ>H$a, S>m°. Ama. Or. ^m§S>maH$a hr à{V{ð>V ‘§S>ir emaXmgXZmÀ¶m {d{dY H$m¶©H«$‘mbm

CnpñWV amhV hmoVr. Ë¶m§Mo ~hþ‘mob ‘mJ©Xe©Z emaXmgXZbm {‘iV hmoVo. gZ 1891 À¶m

dm{f©H$ O‘mIMm©À¶m boIm n[ajUmMo H$m‘ amdgmho~ gr. EZ. ^Q> ¶m§Zr Ho$bo. emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o

M§Ðm~mB©, ‘Wwam~mB© (Y‘mªVarV {¼ñVr), ‘mbZ~mB©, {‘g Ho$ån ¶m AÜ¶mnZmMo H$m‘ H$arV

hmoË¶m. (Source : Report of Annual Meeting of Ramabai Association held March

11, 1892)

4) gZ 1892 - 1893

n§.a‘m~mBªZr gZ 1892 gmbMm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb {X. 27 OmZodmar 1893 bm

Agmo{eEeZbm nmR>{dbm hmoVm. 26 Owb¡ 1892 ‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZMo ZdrZ B‘maVr‘Ü¶o

ñWbm§Va Pmbo. ¶m dfm©V {dÚmWuZtMr g§»¶m dmT>ë¶mMo Ë¶m Z‘yX H$aVmV. Ë¶m {b[hVmV

H$s, “We have thirty eight widows as against thirty at this time last year and

there are eleven non widow pupils. All these forty nine girls board in the

school.”180

¶mdoir emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o ‘amR>r ‘mÜ¶‘mÀ¶m ghm B¶Îmm hmoË¶m. B§J«Or

‘mÜ¶‘mÀ¶m Mma B¶Îmm hmoË¶m. VËdkmZ, ‘yë¶{ejU, B{Vhmg, ñdÀN>Vm BË¶mXr {df¶m§Mo

AÜ¶mnZ Ho$bo OmV hmoVo. BVa {df¶m§Mo Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejU {Xbo OmV hmoVo.

àm. ‘°³g ‘wëba ho àmÀ¶{dÚm {dX²dmZ hmoVo. Ë¶m§Zr emaXmgXZÀ¶m H$m‘mMo H$m¡VwH$

Ho$bo. Ë¶m§Zr 10 nm¢S> O‘m Ho$bo. emaXmgXZmgmR>r nwUo, ~S>moXm d BVa {R>H$mUÀ¶m

gX²J¥hñWm§Zr 500 é. XoUJr {Xbr. {‘g {nH$ Amoìha d lr‘Vr E{bg ¶m§Zr 250 é. XoUJr

nmR>{dbr. ~m°å~o JmS>u¶Z d¥ÎmnÌmMo g§nmXH$ {‘. S>m¶a ¶m§Zr 100 é. XoUJr nmR>{dbr. 11

‘mM© gZ 1893 À¶m Ahdmbm‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZ emioMo doimnÌH$ {Xbo Amho.

emaXmgXZ‘Yrb H$m‘H$mO {eñV~ÜX nÜXVrZo MmbV hmoVo. ‘wbtda ñdmdb§~ZmMo g§ñH$ma

Ho$bo OmV hmoVo. embo¶ {ejUm~amo~aM ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejU {Xbo OmV hmoVo. ‘wbtZm gVV

H$m¶©H$½Z R>odUmao doimnÌH$ hmoVo.

176

n§. a‘m~mB© 1893 À¶m AhdmbmV Z‘yX H$aVmV H$s, XaamoO gH$mir gmV dmOVm

‘wbtZm XÿY d Zmï>m {Xbm OmV hmoVm. Mhm dm H$m°’$s {nÊ¶mg ‘ZmB© hmoVr. ‘wbtZm amhÊ¶mÀ¶m

Imoë¶m, dñVy, H$nS>o {ZQ>ZoQ>³¶m R>odmì¶m bmJV. ñdÀN>VoH$S>o {deof bj {Xbo OmV hmoVo. Xa

e{Zdma emim gH$mir 7.00 Vo gH$mir 10.30 ¶m doioV âV hmoVr. AmOÀ¶m H$mimVrb

e{Zdma AYm© {Xdg emim hr g§H$ënZm emaXmgXZmV EH$mo{Ugmì¶m eVH$mV am~{dbr hmoVr.

a{ddmar emiobm gwÅ>r {Xbr OmV hmoVr. (Source : Report of Annual Meeting of

Ramabai Association held March 11, 1893)

5) gZ 1895 - 1896

n§.a‘m~mBªZr gZ 1895 Mm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb {X. 31 OmZodmar 1896 amoOr nmR>{dbm

hmoVm. gZ 1895 ‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZmMr EHy$U nQ>g§»¶m 65 hmoVr. Ë¶m‘Ü¶o 39 {dYdm hmoË¶m.

26 A{ddmhrV ‘wbr hmoË¶m. ¶m dfu hm¶ñHy$bMo dJ© gwé Pmbo. emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o ‘°Q³>rH$n¶ªVMo

{ejU {Xbo OmV hmoVo. ¶m Ahdmb dfm©V Mma {dYdm§Mo nwZ{d©dmh Pmbo. Mma ‘wbr à{e{jV

hmoD$Z BVa emioV {e{jH o$Mr ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoË¶m. gm¡. ‘oar~mB© C’©$ eod§{VH$m~mB© {ZHw§$~o øm

n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m ghH$mar hmoË¶m. “Ë¶m§Zr CÀMdUu¶ {dYdm§gmR>r, J¥{hUtgmR>r d A{ddmhrV

H$Ý¶H$m§gmR>r EH$ Z‘wZoXma emim H$mT>br.”181

a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZÀ¶m AhdmbmV ¶m

emio{df¶r {b[hbo Amho H$s, “Mrs. Nikambe‟s school is the direct out come of

Sharada Sadan.”182

EH$m {dÚmWuZrZo ñdV:Mo ~mb{ejU J¥h gwé Ho$bo. ¶m Ahdmb dfm©V

Mma ‘wbr nm[aMmarH$m åhUyZ à{e{jV Pmë¶m. BVa hm°ñnrQ>b‘Ü¶o nm[aMmarH$m åhUyZ ZmoH$ar

H$arV hmoË¶m. VrZ ‘wbtZm {e{jHo$Mo à{ejU nyU© Ho$bo. Ë¶m emaXmgXZ emioV AÜ¶mnZmMo

H$m‘ H$arV hmoË¶m. XmoZ ñd¶§go{dH$m {dYdm§À¶m ewl¥foMo H$m‘ H$arV hmoË¶m. XmoZ ‘wbr Cno{jV

‘{hbm§gmR>r H$m‘ H$arV hmoË¶m. EH$ ‘wbJr X{bV d Añn¥í¶ ‘{hbm§Zm {ejU XoV hmoVr.

gZ 1895 ‘Ü¶o 12 ‘wbtZr {¼ñVr Y‘© pñdH$mabm. ‘wbtZm BÀN>oZwgma {¼ñV Y‘©

{ejU KoÊ¶mgmR>r PZmZm {‘eZ‘Ü¶o nmR>{dbo OmV hmoVo. ~m¶~bMo AÜ¶¶Z H$aÊ¶mMr

nadmZJr ‘wbtZm {Xbr hmoVr. ~m{áñ‘m KoD$ BpÀN>Umè¶m ‘wbtÀ¶m Y‘mªVambm n§. a‘m~mB©

nadmZJr XoV hmoË¶m.

(Source : Report of Annual Meeting of Ramabai Association held March 11,

1896)

177

6) gZ 1896 - 1897

n§. a‘m~mBªZr gZ 1896 Mm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb 27 OmZodmar 1897 amoOr

Agmo{eEeZH$S>o nmR>{dbm. ¶m dfm©Vrb {dÚmWuZr g§»¶o{df¶r {b[hVmV H$s, “Eighty six

young widows and thirteen non widow girls are under instruction.”183

gZ

1896 ‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZ‘Yrb àdo{eV ‘wbtMr g§»¶m 99 Pmbr hmoVr. emaXmgXZmbm

hmoUmè¶m {damoYmÀ¶m nmíd©^y‘rda 86 hr {dYdm ‘wbtMr g§»¶m ’$ma ‘moR>r hmoVr.

emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o 8 B¶Îmon¶ªVMo dJ© gwé hmoVo. VgoM ¶oWo ‘°Q³>r³¶wboeZMo dJ© gwé hmoVo. EHy$U

gmV {e{jH$m AÜ¶mnZmMo H$m¶© H$arV hmoË¶m. embo¶ {ejUm~amo~aM {MÌH$bm dJ©, g§JrV dJ©

gwé hmoVo. qH$S>aJmQ>©ZgmR>r à{e{jV {e{jH$m V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMm à{ejU dJ© gwé hmoVm.

qH$S>aJmQ>©Z dJm©V 20 ~mbHo$ {eH$V hmoVr. gZ 1896 ‘Ü¶o ‘Ü¶ àm§VmV ‘moR>m XþîH$mi

nS>bm hmoVm. n§. a‘m~mBªZr XþîH$mir àm§VmVyZ {dYdm emaXmgXZ‘Ü¶o AmUë¶m Ë¶m {b[hVmV

H$s, “I succeeded in getting forty-seven young widows from the famine

districts.”184

(Source : Report of Annual Meeting of Ramabai Association held

March 17, 1897)

7) gZ 1897 - 1898

a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZÀ¶m gZ 1898 À¶m dm{f©H$ gôgmR>r n§. a‘m~mB© ñdV:

CnpñWV hmoË¶m. Ë¶m§Zr gZ 1897-98 ¶m dfm©Vrb Ahdmb dmMZ ñdV: Ho$bo. ¶m

Ahdmbm‘Ü¶o emaXmgXZÀ¶m Xhm dfm©Mm AmT>mdm KoVbm. gZ 1898 bm a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEmZ

~aImñV Ho$bo. emaXmgXZmbm ‘XV H$amd¶mMm Xhm dfm©Mm H$mbmdYr g§nbm. VoWoM a‘m~mB©

Agmo{eEeZ ~aImñV H$éZ X A‘o[aH$Z a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEmZ ¶m Zì¶m g§ñWoMr {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br

hmoVr. ¶m Zì¶m g§ñWoÀ¶m n§. a‘m~mBªÀ¶m H$m¶m©bm nmqR>~m {Xbm. ¶m dfu emaXmgXZmV 75

{dYdm àdo{eV hmoË¶m. qH$S>aJmQ>©Z emioV 70 {dÚmWu {ejU KoV hmoVo. ¶m Ahdmb dfm©V

48 ‘wbtZr {¼ñVr Y‘© pñdH$mabm. emaXmgXZmÀ¶m ZD$ dfm©À¶m H$mimV EHy$U 350 ‘wbr

CÎmrU© Pmë¶m. (Source : Report of the Annual Meeting of Ramabai Association

Held March 16, 1898)

178

àH$aU Mm¡Wo

ViQ>rnm

1. H$mog§~r ‘ram, n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB©, nwUo, 2010, n¥. 63.

2. Shah A. B. (Edited by), The Letters and Correspondence of Pandita

Ramabai, Bombay, 1977, Page. 165.

3. VÌ¡d, n¥. 165.

4. VÌ¡d, n¥. 163.

5. n§. a‘m~mB©, ¶wZm¶Q>oS>Mr bmoH$pñWVr d àdmgd¥Îm, ‘w§~B©, 1889, nwZ‘©wÐU 1996,

àñVmdZm n¥ð>.

6. Shah A. B. (Edited by), nydm}³V, n¥. 194.


8. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., ‘hmamï³>mMr VoOpñdZr-n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB©, nwUo, 2012, n¥. 194.


10. n§. a‘m~mB©, ¶wZm¶Q>oS> ñQ>oQ>g²Mr bmoH$pñWVr d àdmgd¥Îm, nydm}³V, n¥. 135.

11. AmT>md Eg. E‘., n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB©, n¥. 24.

12. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 195.

13. n§. a‘m~mB©, ¶wZm¶Q>oS> ñQ>oQ>g²Mr bmoH$pñWVr d àdmgd¥Îm, nydm}³V, n¥. 218.

14. VÌ¡d, n¥. 222.

15. VÌ¡d, n¥.205.

16. AmT>md Eg. E‘., nydm}³V, n¥. 88.

17. OmoJioH$a ‘¥Um{bZr, ñÌr Apñ‘VoMm A{dîH$ma, 19 do eVH$ ^mJ 3, n§. a‘m~mB©,

‘w§~B©, 1991, n¥. 73.

18. VÌ¡d, n¥. 73.

19. Butlar Clementina, Pandita Ramabai Saraswati, Fleming H. Revell

Company, London, 1922, Page. 20.

20. Pandita Ramabai, High Caste Hindu Women, Philadelfia Publishing

House, America, 1987.

179

21. OmoJioH$a ‘¥Um{bZr, nydm}³V, n¥. 73.

22. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 206.

23. VÌ¡d, n¥. 206.


25. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 208, 209.



28. Butlar Clementina, nydm}³V, n¥. 21.


30. Report of Annual Meeting of Ramabai Assocation, 1890, Page.15.


32. H$mog§~r ‘ram, nydm}³V, (hm±JH$m±J S>obr àog 16 OmZodmar 1889) n¥. 88.

33. VÌ¡d, (hm±JH$m±J S>obr àog 23 OmZodmar 1889) n¥. 88.

34. d¡Ú Ûm. Jmo, n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB©, ‘w§~B©, 1922.

35. B§XþàH$me, 18 ’o$~«wdmar 1889.

36. Ho$gar, 12 ’o$~«wdmar 1889.

37. H$mog§~r ‘ram, nydm}³V, n¥. 90.

38. {XKo à^mH$a, gañdVr, ‘w§~B©, 1992, n¥. 259

39. d¡Ú gamo{OZr, lr‘Vr H$m{e~mB© H$m{ZQ>H$a AmË‘M[aÌ Am{U M[aÌ, ‘w§~B©, 1991,

n¥. 92, 93.

40. T>oao AéUm, {dñ‘¥Vr {MÌo, nwUo 1998, n¥. 283.

41. H$d} AmZ§Xr~mB©, ‘mPo nwamU, ‘w§~B©, 1944, n¥. 19.

42. H$d} Ym|S>mo Ho$ed, AmË‘d¥Îm d M[aÌ, (M[aÌ boIH$-Zm. ‘. nQ>dY©Z), nwUo 1958,

n¥. 117.

43. kmZmoX¶, 13 Am°³Q>mo~a 1887.

44. kmZmoX¶, 21 ‘mM© 1889.

180


46. R>mH$ao Ho$. gr., n§{S>Vm a‘m~mAr gañdVr, {JaJmd, ‘w§~B©, 1950, n¥. 43.

47. {XKo à^mH$a, nydm}³V, n¥. 260.

48. n§. a‘m~mB© ‘wp³V {‘eZ eVmãXr A§H$, Ho$S>Jmd, 1989. n¥. 6

49. Report of Annual Meeting of Ramabai Association held on March 12,

1890.

50. R>mH$ao Ho$. gr., nydm}³V, n¥. 45.

51. H$d} Ym|S>mo Ho$ed, nydm}³V, n¥. 188.

52. JÐo H¥$îUm~mB©, ñ‘¥{Vgw‘Zo, Ho$S>Jmd, à. Am. 1939, Xþ. Am. 2013, n¥. 39.

53. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 207.

54. VÌ¡d, n¥. 225.

55. VÌ¡d n¥. 225.

56. Shah A. B. (Edited by), nydm}³V, 238.

(Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Sister Giraldin on Dated January 4, 1889)

57. Shah A. B. (Edited by), nydm}³V, 249.

(Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Sister Giraldin on Dated August 27, 1889)



1891, Page. 14.

60. VÌ¡d, n¥. 13.

61. Butlar Clementina, nydm}³V, n¥. 77.

62. Report from Pt. Ramabai to Ramabai Association dated on January 29,

1892.

63. Letter from Madam Sorabaji to Executive committee of Ramabai

Association dated on January 27, 1893.

64. VÌ¡d,


181

66. Jayanti Chacravarti‟s Article namedPandita Ramabai: A woman ahead

of her times Dated on March 8, 2008.

67. JÐo H¥$îUm~mB©, nydm}³V, n¥. 39.

68. AmT>md Eg. E‘.,nydm}³V, n¥. 17.


70. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 222.

71. H$d} AmZ§Xr~mB©, nydm}³V, n¥. 22.


73. VÌ¡d, n¥. 47.

74. Letter from Chandrabai to Ramabai Association dated on January 28,

1891.

75. Letter from Dwarakabai to Ramabai Association dated on January 28,

1891.

76. Letter from Varamabai to Ramabai Association dated on January 28,

1891.

77. Letter from Krushnabai to Ramabai Association dated on January 28,

1891.

78. Shah A. B. (Edited by), nydm}³V, n¥.242.

79. Mm’o$H$a gwYm, ‘amR>r H$Ý¶m§Mm H$ënd¥Îm, ‘h{f© Ym|S>mo Ho$ed H$d}, nwUo, 1995,

n¥.28.

80. VÌ¡d, n¥.29.

81. VÌ¡d, n¥. 31.


83. amZS>o à{V^m, ór àíZm§Mr MMm©, 19 do eVH$, ‘w§~B©, 1992, n¥. 260.

84. Mm’o$H$a gwYm, nydm}³V, n¥. 33.

85. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 239.

86. VÌ¡d, n¥.239.

87. VÌ¡d, n¥. 240.

182

88. VÌ¡d, n¥. 288.

89. VÌ¡d, n¥. 294.

90. VÌ¡d, n¥. 295 (As quated in Report of the fifth Indian National Congress

Proceeding)

91. M. Santoshkumar, What One Woman Can Do, A Life of Pandita

Ramabai I Chennai, 2005, Page. 66.

92. amZS>o à{V^m, nydm}³V, n¥. 137.

93. VÌ¡d, n¥. 123.

94. gwYmaH$, {X. 20 Owb¡ 1891.

95. ’$mQ>H$ Z. a., Ý¶m amZS>o M[aÌ, nwUo 1966, n¥.287.


1892. Page. 24.

97. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥.234, 235.

98. Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Siste Giraldin on dated December 23, 1892.

99. {XKo à^mH$a, nydm}³V, n¥.277.

100. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 238.

101. VÌ¡d, n¥. 243.

102. XodYa OmoËñZm, a‘m~mB©, ‘w§~g©, 1992, n¥. 132.

103. Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Sister Giraldin on Dated October, 7, 1889.

104. amZS>o à{V^m, nydm}³V, n¥. 275.

105. d¡Ú gamo{OZr, nydm}³V, n¥. 95.



1892, Page. 27.

108. VÌ¡d, n¥. 27.

109. Letter from Sarah D. Hamlin to Sister Giraldin on Dated August 17,

1890.

110. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 252.

183

111. VÌ¡d, n¥. 254.


113. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 252.

114. Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Sister Giraldin on Dated September 15,

1891.

115. Ho$gar, 23 OyZ 1891.

116. H$mog§~r ‘ram, nydm}³V, n¥. 108.


118. H$mog§~r ‘ram, nydm}³V, n¥. 105.


120. Ho$gar, {X. 29 Am°JñQ> 1893.

121. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 268.

122. VÌ¡d, n¥. 256.

123. Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Sister Giraldin on Dated June 21, 1889.

124. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 257, 258.


126. VÌ¡d, n¥. 50.

127. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V (gwYmH$a 12 {S>g|~a 1890), n¥. 261.

128. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V (dmgyH$mH$m Omoer M[aÌ n¥. 187, 188).

129. Ho$gar, {X. 2 {S>g|~a 1890.

130. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 268.


132. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 268, 269.

133. H$mog§~r ‘ram, nydm}³V, (gwYmaH$ {X. 20 Owb¡ 1891) n¥.108.

133/A {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 314.

134. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm. nydm}³V, n¥. 308.

135. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V (gw~moYn{ÌH$m {X. 24 gßQ>|~a 1893), n¥. 308.

184

136. Ho$gar, {X. 22 Am°JñQ> 1893.

137. n§. a‘m~mBªZr 10 ’o$~«wdmar 1896 amoOr {Xbobo à‘mUnÌ.

138. amZS>o à{V^m, nydm}³V (gwYmaH$ {X. 21 Am°JñQ> 1893), n¥. 40, 41.


140. H$mog§~r ‘ram, nydm}³V, n¥. 112.

141. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 314.

142. VÌ¡d, n¥. 315.

143. Ho$gar, {X. 3 Am°³Q>mo~a 1893.

144. a‘m~mB© Agmo{eEeZMm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb, 1894, n¥. 17.


146. H$mog§~r ‘ram, nydm}³V, n¥. 113.

147. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 317.

148. VÌ¡d, n¥, 317.

149. Ho$gar, {X. 21 OmZodmar 1896.


1894, Page. 14.

151. n§. a‘m~mB©, ‘mPr gmj, nydm}³V, n¥. 17.

152. VÌ¡d, n¥. 47.

153. H$d} AmZ§Xr~mB©, nydm}³V, n¥. 44.

154. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm. nydm}³V, n¥. 339.

155. ‘wp³V {H$aU, MM© eVmãXr A§H$, (1899-1999), Ho$S>Jmd, 1999, n¥. 13.

156. n§. a‘m~mB© ‘wp³V {‘eZMm dm{f©H$ Ahdmb, Am°JñQ> 1899.


1898, Page. 34.

158. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 334.

159. am‘Q>oHo$ gw. Ymo., AJo«ga ór H¡$dmar, n§{S>Vm a‘m~mB©, Ho$S>Jmd, 1957, n¥. 38.

160. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 327.

185

(S>m°. ^m§S>maH$a ¶m§À¶m S>m¶ar‘Ü¶o 7 OmZomdmar 1899 amoOr {b[hbobm ‘OHy$a)

161. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 246.


163. d¡Ú Ûm. Jmo., nydm}³V, n¥. 246.

164. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm. nydm}³V, n¥. 343.

165. n§. a‘m~mB©, ‘mPr gmj, nydm}³V, n¥. 44.

166. Letter from Sarah D. Hamlin to Sister Giraldin on Dated August 17,

1890.

167. AÌo à. Ho$., ‘amR>r ‘mUgo, ‘amR>r ‘Zo, ‘w§~B©, 2003, n¥. 43.

167/A amD$V AZ§V, g‘mO gwYmaH$m§Mr VwVmar, Am¡a§Jm~mX, 2006, n¥. 116.

168. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 339.

169. Report of Annaul Meeting of Ramabai Association held on March 16,

1898, Page. 36.

170. Report of Annaul Meeting of Ramabai Association held on March , 16,

1898, Page. 17, 18

171. Report of Annaul Meeting of Ramabai Association held on March 16,

1898, Page. 28.

172. Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Ramabai Association dated on April 11,

1889.

173. Letter form Pt. Ramabai to Ramabai Association dated on May 21 1889.

174. Letter form Pt. Ramabai to Ramabai Association dated on June 11 1889.

175. Letter form Pt. Ramabai to Ramabai Association dated on August 23,

1889.


19891, Page. 36.

177. Letter form Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar to Ramabai Association dated on

January 30, 1891.

178. Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Ramabai Association dated onJanuary 29,

1892.

186

179. Report of anual Meeting of Ramabai Association held on March 11,

1892, Page. 25.

180. Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Ramabai Association dated on January 27,

1893.

181. {Q>iH$ Xo. Zm., nydm}³V, n¥. 321.


1894, Page. 27.

183. Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Ramabai Association dated onJanuary 27,

1897

184. Letter from Pt. Ramabai to Ramabai Association dated on Janaury 27,

1897.

Documents

n§. a‘m~mBªMo emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mVrb H$m¶©shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34579/8/08_chapter 4.pdf · 120 àH$aU 4 Wo n§. a‘m~mBªMo emaXmgXZmÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mVrb