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Antonio F. Logrieco Antonio F. Logrieco -- CNR ISPACNR ISPA
MycoRed initiatives for
worldwide mycotoxin reduction
in food and feed chain
Agro -Food Industry in the UE has a production of around :
600 Billion of Euro/year
15% of the whole manufacturing output
2.6 million of people employed in Agro-food, that is the third sector of importance
for employment among Industries
Focus
Meaning of“High Food Quality?”
Nutritional
Quality
ChemicalSafety
PesticidesHeavy Metals Mycotoxinsetc
Safety
Microbiological Safety
+
Mycotoxins are produced by microscope fungi, known as ”molds” (i.g. Penicillium , Aspergillus and Fusarium ) that require environmental conditions characterized by warm and humidity. It is estimated that the 25%25% of world food crops isaffected by mycotoxins
Geographical areas with a higher risk:
- Sub-saharian area ;
- Southern-NorthernAmerican area;
- European area
- Asian area;
Steps where the accumulation of mycotoxins in the fo od is field , during wrong storage practices and/or during the transportation to importing countries .
Mycotox
ins
Mycotox
ins
Number of mycotoxin regulations per country
Food
1,53,6
1,8
5,519,6
ASIA / OCEANIA
LATIN AMERICA
AFRICA
EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA
Mycotox
ins
By International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
EU Rejections of Imports According to Risks
SOURCE: EU Rapid Alert System For Food and Feed (RASFF, 2005)
� estimated 55 million tests (mostly cheap antibiotic tests)
� Average cost of test (ACT): 50-60€ (1.5€ in antibiotics)
� Expected annual growth to 2015: volume 6%, value10-12%
35%
25%
40%
75%
Antibiotics& Other
Pesticides
Trad. methods
Novel methods
Global diagnostics marketChemical contaminants
4%
12%Service(product)
Kits in-house
300 million €
21% Kits in service
Service(time)
63%
25%
Mycotoxins
TOXIGENIC TOXIGENIC FUSARIUM FUSARIUM SPECIES SPECIES ––MYCOTOXINSMYCOTOXINS
Main fungal species associatedwith Head Blight
• F. graminearum (Don, Niv, Zea)
• F. avenaceum (Mon, Bea, ENNs)
• F. culmorum (Don, Niv, Zea)
• F. poae (F. langsethiae?) (Niv, T-2)
• Microdochium nivale• var. majus• var. nivale
Map of DON risk for wheatMycotox
ins
Battilani and Logrieco, 2010
Fusarium head blight of maizeand mycotoxins
Main Fusarium speciesassociatedwith maize ear rot:
F. verticillioides (FB1, FB2, FB3)
F. proliferatum (FB1, FB2, MON, BEA, FP)
F. subglutinans(MON, BEA, FP)
F. graminearum (DON, ZEA)
Map of Fumonisins risk for maizeMycotox
ins
Battilani, Logrieco, 2010
Trade losses due to aflatoxins
� Export compliance with food safety and quality standards.
� CODEX standard: 20 ppb; EU: 2 ppb
� African exports to EU (51%) & the US (22%)
� Estimated US$670 million in lost trade for 9 African countries due to EU reduced regulatory levels for aflatoxins
� Trade reduction: 46%.
� Best quality exported; poorer quality consumed domestically.
GroundnutMaize
Map of Aflatoxin risk in MaizeMycotox
ins
Battilani and Logrieco, 2010
By International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org
Aflatoxin-albumin adducts (pg AFB1-lysine eq./mg albumin)
<5 5-25 26-100 >100
Num
ber
of in
divi
dual
s (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100 Gambia (n = 950)Benin (n = 479)USA (n = 48)Europe (n = 74)
Aflatoxin Exposure in Africa, Europe & USA
OCHRATOXIN AOCHRATOXIN A
IN GRAPE AND WINEIN GRAPE AND WINE
Prediction map of ochratoxin A risk in grapes growing areas on a global scale
Battilani and Logrieco, 2010
Prediction map of aflatoxin B 1 risk in pistachios growing areason a global scale
Battilani and Logrieco, 2010
Prodiction map of aflatoxin B 1 risk in peanuts growing areason a global scale
Battilani and Logrieco, 2010
PostPost --harvestharvest
BIOCOPBIOCOPScreening for contaminants in food
OTAPREVOTAPREVOchratoxin Prevention in Wheat
OCHRATOXIN AOCHRATOXIN ARISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
SAFE ORGANIC VEGETABLESSAFE ORGANIC VEGETABLESThe Carrot Alternaria
Toxin Model
CONTROL MYCOTOX FOODCONTROL MYCOTOX FOODMycotoxin prevention in cereals
FP6
FP5
FP5
FP6
FP5
Horizontal technologiesHorizontal technologies
GOODFOODGOODFOODQuality monitoring in the food chain
DETOXDETOX--FUNGIFUNGIToxigenic fungi detection
MYCOTOX INCOMYCOTOX INCO--DEVDEVMycotoxin Control in Latin American South cone
CONffIDENCECONffIDENCEInexpensive detection of Contaminants
in the food chain
MYCOSENSEMYCOSENSENovel kit for rapid Mycotoxin Detection in food
FP5
FP6
FP5
FP5
FP7
Whatwe
’re
doing
2E2E--BCAsBCAs in Cropsin CropsEnhancement of Biocontrol Agents
FUCOMYRFUCOMYRFusarium Resistant and Toxin Free Wheat
PrePre--harvest harvest
RAFBCARAFBCARisk Assessment of Fungal Biological Control Agents
FP5
FP5
FP6
WINEWINE--OCHRA OCHRA --RISKRISKOchratoxin risk Assessment and Management
FP5
RAMFICRAMFICFusarium Risk Assessment Models
FP5
MONIQAMONIQAHarmonizing methods
in the food chain
COST 835COST 835Network on mycotoxin
and toxigenic fungi
EMANEMANEuropean Mycotoxin Awareness Network
MYCONETMYCONETEU Network for
identification emergingmycotoxin in wheat chain
FP5FP6MYCOGLOBEMYCOGLOBE
Integration research on mycotoxinsand toxigenic fungi
FP6 FP5 FP6DisseminationDissemination
……actions from EU to global level..actions from EU to global level..
FP7
MycoRed addresses the problem of mycotoxins at global level, aiming to :
MycoRed
proje
ct
High risk areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America will receive major attention by cooperation with international agriculture and food organizations and by applying the results of all technical workpackages.
develop novel solution driven methodologies and handling procedures to reduce both pre- and post-harvest contamination in selected feed and food chains
generate and disseminate information and education strategies to reduce mycotoxin risks worldwide
create a wide interest among players and international network
Novel Integrated Strategies For Worldwide Mycotoxin Reduction in Food and Feed Chains
FP7-KBBE-2007-2A
APPLICATIONS
� MAIZE CHAIN- Fumonisins- Aflatoxins
� WHEAT CHAIN- Trichothecenes- Ochratoxin A
� GRAPE - WINE CHAIN- Ochratoxin A
� DRIED FRUIT CHAIN- Aflatoxins
WP
6-D
etec
tion
of to
xige
nic
fung
i
WP
7-A
naly
tical
tool
s fo
r m
ycot
oxin
s
WP1-Plant resistance
WP2-Biocontrol
WP3-Predictive models
WP4-Transport, storage and vending
WP5-Food processing
WP9-Management
Advancedmethodologies
WP8, WP10-Information/education and demostration
The
structure
Information & Education-WP8
PRE-HARVEST
WP1, WP2, WP3
POST-HARVEST
WP4
StorageField Animal farm/Industry Consumers
TRANSPORT
WP4
PROCESSING
WP5
TRANSPORT
WP4
STORAGEWP4
CONSUMPTION
WP7, WP8
Mycotoxin risk Ass.
WP6, WP7
Mycotoxin risk Ass.
WP6, WP7
Mycotoxin risk Ass.
WP6, WP7
Retailers
STORAGE
WP4
Mycotoxin risk Ass.W6, WP7
Mycotoxin reduction
DISSEMINATION/EDUCATION
Interac
tions
WP1
Leader: Dr. Akos Mesterhazy (CRC- HU)
PRE-HARVEST
Ongoing activities :
a) to decrease toxin contamination in Fusarium head blight and Fusarium ear rot in wheat and maize;
b) to characterize host factors that influence mycotoxin regulation and metabolism in wheat and maize;
c) to optimize fungicide use in wheat and maize.
Optimization of plant resistance & fungicide use
Leader: Dr. Jürgen Köhl (PRI- NL)
Ongoing activities :
a) to prevent fumonisin formation in maize and mycotoxin formation in wheat by competitive colonization of stubbles of pre-ceding maize crops;
b) to reduce OTA content in grape-wine and DON in wheat by antagonistic micro-organisms;
c) to reduce aflatoxin contents in nuts and maize by non-toxigenic Aspergillus flavus;
d) to evaluate the economical feasibility of production and marketing of selected biocontrol agents.
BiocontrolWP2
PRE-HARVEST
Leader: Prof. Paola Battilani (UCSC-IT)
Ongoing activities :
a) to predict the contamination level of different crops in real time at harvesting to rationalise the harvest/post-harvest logistic
b) to simulate the effect of cropping system and post harvest conditions to optimise pre-and post-harvest product management
c) to draw different scenarios based on real and simulated meteorological data
WP3PRE-HARVEST
Modelling and development of Decision Support System
WP4
POST-HARVEST
Leader: Prof. Naresh Magan (CU- UK)
Ongoing activities :
a) To develop systems modelling of efficient drying and storage regimes for safe storage
b) to develop novel environmental and physical dryin g and control systems
c) to examine the efficacy of novel potentiators for inhibition of mycotoxigenic moulds
d) to develop an ambient intelligence system for predicting and controlling fungal contamination
Novel post-harvest and storage practices
Leader: Dr. Isabelle P. Oswald (INRA- FR)
Ongoing activities :
a) to reduce gastrointestinal absorption of mycotoxins by using dietary fibres;
b) to physically remove or to metabolize mycotoxins by microorganisms;
c) to assess the efficacy and safety of food processing procedures in reducing mycotoxin content in wheat and maize based products andfurther processing of nuts..
WP5POST-HARVEST
Novel application of food processing technologies
WP6
Leader Dr. Rolf Geisen (MRI - DE)
DIAGNOSTICS
Ongoing activities :
a) to study the toxigenic fungal biodiversity at glo bal level by using the developed molecular methods to monitor mycotoxin ri sks
b) to study the influence of stress on the biosynthe sis of mycotoxins
c) to develop new approaches to prevent mycotoxin bi osynthesis based on principles developed in this WP
Diagnostics & quantitative detection of toxigenic fungi
Leader: Prof. Rudolf Krska (BOKU-AT )
Ongoing activities:
a) multi-toxin analyses , metabolite profiling and identification by LC/MS/ MS to monitor the conjugation, transformation and bio-deg radation of mycotoxins in plants and fungal isolates
b) multi-mycotoxins biomarkers for trichothecenes, zearalenone and fumonisins
c) rapid methods for mycotoxin detection and quantification includin g lateral flow devices and fluorescence polarisation methods
WP7DIAGNOSTICS
Analytical tools for mycotoxins and relevant biomarkers
WP8DISSEMINATION/
EDUCATION
Leader: Dr. Angelo Visconti (CNR-IT)
Ongoing activities:
a) improve co-operation in the area by transfer of knowledge to developing countries (Africa, South America) and sharing inform ation with advanced third countries (USA, Asia, and Australia) by confere nces, workshops, training and short mobility missions
b) identify priorities of common interest by sharin g results of European research with the major international networks involved in the field of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi
c) address the evaluation of research policy at the global level through conferences focused on advanced research tools
d) reinforce the consortium of international experts in the area of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi
Information/dissemination & Education
NRC (EG)
CIMMYT (MX)
IITA (NG)
SAMRC (SA)
UdL (SP)INBI (RU)
DSA (IT)TUBITAK MAM (TR)
Uniroma1 (IT)RIVM (NL)
FEFANA (BE)UNRC (AR)INRA (FR)
INC (ES)UCSC (IT)CRC (HU)
MAT (IT)DTU (DK)PRI (NL)
BF (AT)BOKU (AT)MRI (DE)
Romer (AT)CRANFIELD (UK) CNR (IT)
End users
Research
Centers UniversitiesInternational
Organizations Companies
The
Consortium
Budget: 7189 M EurosNº Partners: 25Nº countries: 17Personpower: 1055Duration: 48 monthsPeriod: 2009-2013
Project Coordinator: Antonio F. Logrieco
CNR ISPA
Project participants
EMAN
MPU
NMASNLMS
ISM
network
Twinnings
AAFC AAFC --GuelphGuelph
ARGENTINA P
AE
ARGENTINA P
AE
Scientific Alliances
International
actions
Latin&SouthAmerica
2011
SouthAfrica2011
Canada 2012
Egypt2010
Russia2011
Italy2010
Hungary2010
Turkey2011
Malaysia2010
WorkshopWorkshop
International ConferenceInternational Conference
Austria2009
Malaysia2010
Argentina2010
Training CourseTraining Course
Home
education
Home
educationHome
education
8 Short Term Visits 2009 43 applications in 2010
High technological solutions
MAGNET
UREAFLOW
MAGNET
1 2 3 4
� Biosensors, Inmunosensors � DNA chips� Ambient Intelligence � Modelling
Achievements in mycotoxin management
Biological control of mycotoxins:
In Nigeria farmers are participating in the biocontrol of aflatoxins in maize
using aflasafe™.
About 85 hectares of Nigerian farmlands have been treated.
“Competitive exclusion” of aflatoxin producing strains of A. flavusthrough soil inoculation with atoxigenic strains of A. flavus, indigenous to Africa=> reduction of toxin 70.1-99.9% with single application in lab and field tests
The fungus-basedbiocontrol product
aflasafe™ is a registered trademark of IITA.
Home
education
www.mycored.euwww.mycored.eu
Thanks for your Thanks for your attention!attention!
Antonio F. Logrieco
e- mail: [email protected]
