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SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo universiteti
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakulteti
istoriis, arqeologiis da eTnologiis departamenti
rati CiburdaniZe
mxatvrul-stilisturi tendenciebi XX saukunis 70-iani
wlebis qarTul ferweraSi.
specialoba – xelovnebis istoria da Teoria
xelovnebis istoriisa da Teoriis doqtoris akademiuri
xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili
disertacia
mecnier xelmZRvanelebi: Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademiis
restavraciis, xelovnebis istoriisa da Teoriis fakultetis
sruli profesori ana kldiaSvili
baTumis xelovnebis saswavlo universitetis ganaTlebis, humanitarul
da socialur mecnierebaTa fakultetis sruli profesori
maia WiWileiSvili
baTumi 2013
1
sarCevi
Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Tavi 1. XX saukunis qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebis gzebi . . . . . . 8
Tavi 2. esma onianis mxatvruli meTodis stilisturi
Taviseburebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Tavi 3. Tamaz xuciSvilis dazguri ferwera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Tavi 4. gogi CageliSvilis Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi . . . . . . . 104
Tavi 5. sagnobriv-materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebi
vaxtang beselias SemoqmedebaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
sailustracio masala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
2
Sesavali Temis aqtualoba. XX s-is qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis ganviTarebis
sxvadasxva aspeqtis ganxilvisas TvalnaTliv ikveTeba ara marto is
etapebi, romelTac mxatvruli cxovrebis SefasebisaTvis gansazRvruli
mniSvneloba aqvT, aramed mravali mxatvruli movlena, stilisturi
mimarTuleba, romlebic miuxedavad Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse
istoriisa, qarTul xelovnebaSi mkafiod gamoxatuli, individualuri
xasiaTisa Tu xelweris mqone mxatvarTa SemoqmedebiT aris
ganpirobebuli. Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvroba araerTgvarovani
movlenaa. naSromis kvlevis sagani gulisxmobs im axali qarTuli
mxatvrobis TaviseburebaTa analizs, romelmac safuZveli 1950-60-iani
wlebidan daido. es is periodia, rodesac saxviT xelovnebaSi
mimdinareobda mxatvruli formisa da sivrcis plastikuri
interpretaciis, suraTis kompoziciuri struqturis, wminda ferweruli
sawyisebis individualuri gaazrebis intensiuri procesi. sainteresoa is
faqti, rom es periodi Taviseburad exmianeba XX s-is dasavleT evropis
xelovnebaSi mimdinare Ziebebs.
1970-iani wlebis qarTuli ferweris Taviseburebebs am periodis
gamorCeul xelovanTa Semoqmedeba asaxavs. esma onianis, Tamaz
xuciSvilis, gogi CageliSvilis, vaxtang beselias, Semoqmedeba naTlad
warmoaCens am drois qarTul kulturaSi mimdinare procesebsa da
mxatvrul azrovnebaSi momxdar cvlilebebs.
aRniSnul mxatvarTa Semoqmedeba sawyisebs akademizmidan iRebs,
paralelurad mimdinareobs maT mier impresionizmis, postimpresionizmis
da sxvadasxva modernistuli mimdinareobebis Seswavla-aTvisebis procesi.
am safuZvelze aRmocenebuli TiToeuli maTganis Semoqmedeba
Taviseburad viTardeba da gansakuTrebul mxatvrul saxes iRebs.
mniSvnelovania is, rom Cvens mier SerCeuli mxatvrebis umetesoba dRemde
ganagrZobs SemoqmedebiT moRvaweobas da maTi mxatvruli Ziebebi dResac
aqtiur fazaSia. es saSualebas iZleva Tvali gavadevnoT TiToeuli
maTganis ganviTarebis gzas da davadginoT Tu ra formiT Camoyalibda
maTi SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebi.
3
naSromis aqtualoba Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebis
uwyveti rgolis gaazrebaSi, mxatvruli problemebis gadawyvetis
istoriuli da kulturuli wanamZRvrebis obieqturi Tu subieqturi
mizezebis garkvevaSi mdgomareobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom samocdaaTianelTa
xelovnebaSi mimdinare procesebi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvraven
Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis saxes. qarTuli ferweris aRniSnuli
etapis Seswavla aseve aqtualuria erovnuli kulturuli fenomenis,
msoflio xelovnebis konteqstSi qarTuli mxatvrobis mniSvnelobisa da
adgilis gansazRvis TvalsazrisiT.
kvlevis mecnieruli siaxle. naSromis mecnieruli siaxle pirvel
rigSi ganpirobebulia imiT, rom qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis
ganviTarebis es periodi arasdros yofila sagangebo kvlevis sagani.
xelovnebaTmcodneobiT samecniero literaturaSi ar arsebobs am
monakveTis mxatvruli procesebis amsaxveli naSromi. Cvens mier
gamorCeul mxatvarTa Semoqmedebaze sul ramdenime statiaa dawerili,
ZiriTadad samxatvro albomebis winasityvaobebis saxiT, sadac maTi
xelovnebis sakmaod zogadi mimoxilvaa mocemuli, isini samecniero
daskvnebsa da Teoriul analizs TiTqmis ar Seicavs. MZiriTadad
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs g. xoStarias, q. kinwuraSvilis, d. andriaZis, i.
qaraias calkeuli publikacebi. e. Oonianis SemoqmedebiTi gzis da
stilisturi Taviseburebebis analizs iZleva g. xoStaria mxatvrisadmi
miZRvnili albomis winasityvaobaSi. Aavtori gansazRvravs xelovanis
mxatvruli xedvis evolucias da iZleva misi SemoqmedebiTi gzis zogad
monaxazs, ferweruli amocanebis specifikis TvalsazrisiT warmoaCens
mxatvruli stilis ZiriTad aspeqtebs. amasTan erTad publikacia
warmoadgens rogorc e. Oonianis, ise saerTod am periodis qarTuli
ferweris istoriul konteqstSi gaazrebis cdas. T. xuciSvilis
Semoqmedebis zogierT aspeqts usvams xazs g. xoStaria mxatvris
albomisaTvis gankuTvnil winasityvaobaSi. Aavtori sagangebod aRniSnavs
mis saSemsruleblo ostatobas, ferweruli enis, masalis organul
SegrZnebas, rac T. xuciSvils qarTuli realisturi mxatvrobis
saukeTeso tradiciebis gamgrZeleblad warmoaCens. Gg. CageliSvilis
SemoqmedebiTi miRwevebis gaazrebis mcdelobas warmoadgens d. andriaZis,
4
i. Qqaraias, q. kinwuraSvilis publikaciebi, romlebSic aseve zogadad,
mokled aris warmoCenili avtoris mxatvrul-esTetikuri mrwamsi da
Semoqmedebis safuZvlebi, individualuri xelweris specifikuri
niSnebi.Aam publikaciebSi miniSnebis donezea gamovlenili g.
CageliSvilis adgili da mimarTeba rogorc uaxles qarTul, ise
Tanadroul dasavlur xelovnebasTan. CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi
masalebidan faqtobrivad zogadi xasiaTis publikaciebic ki ar
mogvepoveba v. Bbeselias Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. amdenad zemoxsenebuli
avtorebis mxatvruli xedva, ferweruli Taviseburebebi da adgili
Tanamedrove qarTul mxatvrobaSi saTanado gansazRvras saWiroebs. am
TvalsazrisiT sadisertacio Tema warmoadgens samocdaaTianelTa
Semoqmedebis, am periodis qarTuli ferweris kvlevis pirvel cdas.
gamokvleva aris mcdeloba erTgvarad Seavsos am sferoSi arsebuli
sicariele da mogvces samocdaaTianelTa moRvaweobis erTiani suraTi;
mxatvruli Ziebebisa da miRwevebis magaliTze warmoaCinos uaxlesi
qarTuli mxatvrobis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi, misi specifikuroba,
adgili da mniSvneloba Tanamedroveobis konteqstSi.
kvlevis miznebi da amocanebi. naSromi “mxatvrul-stilisturi
tendenciebi XX s-is 70-iani wlebis qarTul ferweraSi“ miznad isaxavs
Tanamedrove qarTul xelovnebaSi, kerZod samocdaaTianelTa
SemoqmedebaSi mimdinare mxatvrul-stilisturi procesebis kvlevas;
mxatvrul-stilisturi da istoriuli analizis fonze gansazRvros
axali qarTuli ferweris xasiaTi, ganaxorcielos im mxatvruli
garemoebebisa da midgomebis Seswavla-analizi, ramac ganapiroba
Tanamedrove mxatvarTa SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebi da maT namuSevrebSi
formaTqmnadobis konkretuli motivaciebi. naSromis amocanas
warmoadgens aRniSnul mxatvarTa qmnilebebis ideuri da meTodologiuri
safuZvlebis, mxatvrul-kompoziciuri Ziebebis, samocdaaTianelTa
ferweraSi mimdinare stilisturi procesebis analizi.
kvlevis meTodi. XX s-is qarTul ferweraSi ramdenime etapi
gamoikveTeba, maT Soris erT-erTi 1960-70-iani wlebia. sadoqtoro Tema
swored samocdaaTianelTa SemoqmedebiTi Taviseburebebis kvlevas exeba.
kvlevisaTvis gamoyenebulia mxatvrul-stilisturi analizis meTodi, rac
5
gansazRvravs am periodis mxatvarTa moRvaweobis erTian suraTs, mis
specifikurobas da adgils Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis istoriaSi.
kvlevis meTodologia efuZneba xelovanTa SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis,
individualuri mxatvruli xelweris Seswavlas Cveni qveynis istoriuli
da kulturuli ganviTarebis konteqstSi.
naSromis Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniSvneloba. naSromSi ganxilulia
Tanamedrove qarTul xelovnebaSi, kerZod, 1970-iani ww-dan 2000-ian ww-mde
qarTul ferweraSi mimdinare mxatvrul-stilisturi procesebi.
gamokvleva garkveulwilad Seavsebs Cvens codnas Tanamedrove qarTuli
kulturisa da xelovnebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. sakvlevi Temis mizani da
Sedegebi ganapirobebs naSromis praqtikul Rirebulebas. igi daexmareba
qarTuli xelovnebis, ferweris istoriiT dainteresebul pirebs, rac
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes specialuri kursis, leqcia-seminarebis
mosamzadeblad.
disertaciis struqtura da Sinaarsi. sadisertacio naSromi
“mxatvrul-stilisturi tendenciebi XX s-is 70-iani wlebis qarTul
ferweraSi“ Sedgeba Semdegi Tavebisagan: Sesavali, Tavi I – “XX saukunis
qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebis gzebi», Tavi II _ “esma onianis
mxatvruli meTodis stilisturi Taviseburebebi“, Tavi III _ “Tamaz
xuciSvilis dazguri ferwera“, Tavi IV – “gogi CageliSvilis
Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi“, Tavi V – “sagnobriv-materialuri da
grZnobadi sawyisebi vaxtang beselias SemoqmedebaSi“, daskvna. naSroms
Tan erTvis gamoyenebuli literaturis sia, vizualuri masala saTanado
ilustraciebis saxiT.
moxsenebis saxiT warmodgenili iyo sadisertacio naSromis Semdegi
nawilebi:
1. profesor-maswavlebelTa samecniero konferencia. sakonferencio Tema
“portretuli saxeebi vaxtang beselias SemoqmedebaSi”. SoTa rusTavelis
saxelmwifo universiteti. 2008 weli, 17 maisi, baTumi.
2. saerTaSoriso konferencia “humanitaruli mecnierebebi informaciul
sazogadoebaSi”. sakonferencio Tema “sagnobriv-materialuri da
grZnobadi sawyisebi vaxtang beselias ferweraSi”. SoTa rusTavelis
saxelmwifo universiteti. 2010 weli, 29-30 maisi, baTumi.
6
3. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis 75 wlisTavisadmi
miZRvnili humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis doqtorantTa I
samecniero konferencia. sakonferencio Tema “esma onianis ferwera 1960-
70-ian wlebSi”. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti. 2010 weli, 30
oqtomberi, baTumi.
4. magistrantTa da doqtorantTa meore saerTaSoriso samecniero
konferencia (saxelovnebo mecniereba, praqtika, menejmenti).
sakonferencio Tema “esma onianis ferweris zogierTi aspeqti”. ilias
saxelmwifo universitetis xelovnebis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti.
2011 weli, 23 – 25 maisi, Tbilisi.
5. profesor-maswavlebelTa samecniero konferencia. sakonferencio Tema
“Tamaz xuciSvilis Janruli ferwera”. baTumis xelovnebis saswavlo
universiteti. 2011 weli, 25 noemberi, baTumi.
6. respublikuri samecniero konferencia profesorebisa da
mkvlevarebisaTvis “XXI s-is qarTuli xelovneba msoflio konteqstSi“.
sakonferencio Tema “stambolis seria gogi CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi”.
ilias saxelmwifo universitetis xelovnebis samecniero-kvleviTi
instituti da baTumis xelovnebis saswavlo universiteti. 2012 weli, 24-26
seqtemberi, baTumi.
sadisertacio naSromis garSemo gamoqveynebuli gvaqvs:
1. “portretuli saxeebi vaxtang beselias mxatvrobaSi“. samecniero
Sromebis krebuli “xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi etiudebi I“, gamomcemloba
“SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti“. 2008 weli, baTumi.
2. “sagnobriv-materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebi vaxtang beselias
ferweraSi“. saerTaSoriso konferenciis masalebi “humanitaruli
mecnierebebi informaciul sazogadoebaSi“_II gamomcemloba “SoTa
rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti“. 2010 weli, baTumi.
3. “esma onianis mxatvruli meTodis stilisturi Taviseburebebi“.
samecniero Sromebis krebuli “xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi etiudebi III“.
gamomcemloba “universali“. 2011 weli, Tbilisi.
4. “Tamaz xuciSvilis Janruli ferwera“. samecniero Sromebis krebuli
“xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi etiudebi IV. gamomcemloba “xelovnebis
universiteti“ 2011 weli, baTumi.
7
5. “Some Aspects of Esma Oniani ’s Painting”. Arts Reaserch Institute of Ilia state University
naSromi gamoqveynda inglisur enaze ilias saxelmwifo universitetis
magistrantTa da doqtorantTa meore saerTaSoriso samecniero
konferenciis eleqtronul krebulSi. 2012 weli. www.Iliauni.edu.ge
8
Tavi I. XX saukunis qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebis gzebi
XX saukunis qarTuli xelovneba saintereso da zogjer
urTierTsawinaaRmdego movlenebiTaa aRsavse. saukunis dasawyisidanve
masSi mTeli simwvaviT dgeboda rogorc konkretuli mxatvruli, ise
zogadi xasiaTis problemebi, romelTagan erT-erTi tradiciisa da
novaciis sakiTxi iyo. albaT gardauvali iyo, rom saqarTvelos
istoriis, saxelmwifoebriobis da kulturis qvakuTxeds, maradiul
dilemas warmoadgenda mudmivi WoWmani aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs
Soris. es naTlad aisaxeba qarTul mxatvrobaSic, romelSic saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTs Taviseburad gadaWdobia am ori kulturis –
dasavlurisa da aRmosavluris niSnebi.
aziisa da evropis gzajvaredinze mdebare saqarTvelo odiTganve
CarTuli iyo msoflio kulturul procesebSi. uZveles warsulSi is
Zveli aRmosavleTis, Semdgom ki elinisturi samyaros kulturul
arealSi iyo moqceuli, qristianobis miRebis Semdgom is rogorc
marTlmadidebluri samyaros nawili bizantiuri kulturis wreSi moeqca.
bizantiis imperiis dacemis Semdeg muslimanuri qveynebis garemocvaSi
moxvedrili saqarTvelo qristianobis forpostad iqca am regionSi da
iZulebuli iyo mTeli Zalebi qveynis fizikurad gadarCenisaken miemarTa.
XIV saukunidan moyolebuli calkeul nawilebad daSlil qveyanaSi
kulturuli cxovreba mainc grZeldeboda – Sendeboda da ixateboda
eklesiebi, miniaturebiT imkoboda wignebi da a. S. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom im
Znelbedobis Jams Cveni kultura mowyvetili iyo msoflio kulturul
orientirebs, erTgvarad amovardnili iyo civilizebuli samyaros
ganviTarebis erTiani kalapotidan. yovelive aman gamoiwvia is, rom
qarTuli kultura, da kerZod, saxviTi xelovneba _ mxatvroba, XVIII
saukunis bolomde Sua saukuneebis marwuxebSi rCeboda.
1801 wels saqarTvelo iZulebuli gaxda ruseTis imperiis
SemadgenlobaSi Sesuliyo, ris Sedegadac qveyanam daisvena mudmivi
Semosevebisa da omebisagan, magram saqarTvelos es Zvirad daujda _ man
dakarga Tavisufleba, politikuri damoukidebloba, ruseTma gaauqma
bagratovanTa samefo taxti, saqarTvelos uZveles eklesias CamoarTva
9
avtokefalia. miuxedavad yovelive amisa qveyanaSi TandaTan simSvidem
daisadgura, ramac kulturuli cxovrebis aRmavloba gamoiwvia.
saqarTvelos, qarTvel mxatvrebs kvlav miecaT saSualeba dasavleTidan
mieRoT axali SemoqmedebiTi impulsebi. swored am dros eyreba
safuZveli realistur dazgur ferweras saqarTveloSi _ Cndeba metad
saintereso fenomeni e. w. Tbilisuri portretuli skola.
“Tbilisuri portretuli skolis” wanamZRvarTagan, upirveles
yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia Tavad qarTuli sawyisi _ saqarTvelos Sua
saukuneebis kedlis mxatvrobaSi arsebuli “saero” qtitoruli
portretis xangrZlivi tradicia, romelic am skolis formirebis Jams
erT-erTi warmmarTveli komponenti iyo. meore, aseve uaRresad
mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgenda imdroindel saqarTveloSi sakmaod
kargad cnobili iranuli mxatvrobis tradicia. am skolis stilisturi
saxis damkvidrebaSi, udavod, arsebiTi roli Seasrula evropuli XVIII
saukunis meore naxevris qarTulma paradulma portretebmac.
am skolis warmomadgenlebi qmnian rogorc individualur, ise jgufur
da ojaxur portretebs, romlebSic naTlad Cans “Zveli”, anu
tradiciuli xelovnebisa da axali xelovnebis niSnebi _ porobiTobisa
da realizmis Tanaarseboba. Tbilisuri portretuli skola
warmoadgenda erTgvar gardamaval safexurs Zvel da axal xelovnebas
Soris. is jer kidev mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli Suasaukuneobriv
tradiciasTan.
“XIX saukunis pirveli naxevris qarTuli Tavadaznauruli portreti
e.w. “tfilisuri skola” qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis GRirsSesaniSnavi
mniSvnelobiT, TavisTavadobiTa da maRali RirsebiT gamorCeul
movlenaTa rigs ganekuTvneba, romelSic gansakuTrebuli simZafriT
gamovlinda qarTuli erovnuli xasiaTi. am skolis nawarmoebebi Tavisi
TviTmyofadi, Taviseburi saxiT sruliad gansxvavebulia ara marto
Tanadrouli, aramed ufro adreuli da Semdgomi periodis rogorc
evropuli, aseve aRmosavluri mxatvrobisagan” (ciciSvili 2000:5).
XIXs-Si axali kulturis formirebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili miuZRviT
ucxoel mxatvrebs, isini xSirad Camodiodnen TbilisSi, romelic mTeli
kavkasiis kulturul centrs warmoadgenda. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom
10
mravali ucxoeli mxatvari (p. frankeni, l. longo, f. rubo, v.
vereSCagini, l. lagorio, l. premaci, r. zomeri da sxv.) ara marto
Camodioda da muSaobda TbilisSi, aramed rCeboda kidec samudamod
sacxovreblad.
amgvarad, saqarTveloSi nel-nela fexs ikidebda manamde ucnobi
dazguri ferwera. ucxoelebis gverdiT gamoCndnen qarTveli mxatvrebic,
romlebmac profesiuli, akademiuri ganaTleba ruseTsa da evropaSi
miiRes. axali qarTuli ferweris pirveli Taobis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen:
giorgi maisuraZe, romanoz gvelesiani, aleqsandre beriZe, daviT
guramiSvili, gigo gabaSvili, aleqsandre mrevliSvili da mose ToiZe.
maT ricxvSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia gigo gabaSvils, romelic
XIXs-is qarTuli mxatvrobis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da
gamorCeuli warmomadgenelia. g. gabaSvili jer peterburgSi, Semdeg ki
miunxenis akademiaSi swavlobda. misi nawarmoebebis diapazoni sakmaod
farToa _ is aris portreti-tipis, peizaJisa da naturmortis pioneri
qarTul mxatvrobaSi, man Seasrula qarTuli kulturis moRvaweTa da
aristokratiis warmomadgenelTa portretebis mTeli galerea, qmnida
batalur scenebsac. g. gabaSvils gansakuTrebiT izidavda saxasiaTo
tipaJi, igi qmnida saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxisa da sxvadasxva
socialuri fenis warmomadgenelTa portretebs, magram es namuSevrebi ar
iyo portretebi tradiciuli gagebiT, radgan mxatvari masSi
warmoadgenda ara adamianis individualur niSnebs, mis ganwyobas, Sinagan
samyaros, aramed, iZleoda mis socialur daxasiaTebas; igi anzogadebda
saxes da qmnida saxasiaTo tipaJs. amdenad, es namuSevrebi portretisa da
sayofacxovrebo Janris zRvarzea. cxadia, g. gabaSvili ar iyo didi
gaqanebis Semoqmedi. igi mxolod mis garSemo arsebul realobas, xilul
samyaros asaxavs, romelsac yovelgvari sirTuleebis gareSe aRiqvams. mas
ar ainteresebs Sinagani konfliqtebi, sulieri gancdebi, dramatuli
koliziebi, igi Sorsaa lirikulobisa da romantikulobisagan, Tumca
mxatvari naturisadmi gulgrili rodia _ peterburgsa da miunxenSi is
iTvisebs realisturi ferweris mravalferovan stilistur niSan-
Tvisebebs, rogorc teqnikur-formaluri ostatobis, ise ideuri
TvalsazrisiT, magram amuSavebs da gadmoscems maT sakuTari
11
individualuri “saxis”, mxatvruli xedvisa Tu gemovnebis Sesatyvisad. g.
gabaSvili srulyofilad flobs realisturi mxatvrobis principebsa da
meTods, misi suraTebi xan TiTqmis naturalisturi sizustiT, naTeli,
daxvewili koloritiTa da faqizi weris maneriT xasiaTdeba, xan mdidari
tonaluri gradaciebiT, Tamami da Tavisufali weris maneriT, cocxali
faqturuli zedapiriT, ferwerulobiT gamoirCeva.
g. gabaSvilis mxatvrobam konkretul drosa da sivrceSi _ XIX s-is
bolo aTwleulsa da XX s-is dasawyisisaTvis, romelic misi
Semoqmedebis yvelaze nayofier periodad aris miCneuli, gansakuTrebuli
roli iTamaSa. man erT-erTma pirvelma gaafarTova qarTuli mxatvrobis
Tvalsawieri, safuZveli Cauyara sxvadasxva Janrs, daamkvidra
nacionaluri Tematika, Tumca formiT misi xelovneba Sors iyo erovnuli
tradiciisagan. g. gabaSvilTan, ise rogorc bevr sxva mis Tanamedrove
mxatvarTan, ar idga erovnuli formis sakiTxi. aseve Sors iyo misi
Semoqmedeba XIX s-is meore naxevris evropuli mxatvrobisganac,
samagierod igi gansakuTrebul siaxloves rusuli, kerZod ki
“peredviJnikuli” skolis tradiciebTan amJRavnebda. mxatvari sicocxlis
bolomde am principebis erTguli darCa, mis stilsa da gemovnebas droTa
ganmavlobaSi arsebiTi cvlilebebi ar ganucdia.
am periodis mxatvruli realobis tipur movlenad unda CaiTvalos
mose ToiZis Semoqmedeba, romelic firosmanaSvilis gverdiT dgas axali
qarTuli mxatvrobis saTaveebTan. rogorc g. xoStaria aRniSnavs, XXs- is
qarTuli xelovneba iwyeba n. firosmanaSvilisa da m. ToiZis
mxatvrobidan. oRond firosmanis fesvebi qarTul tradiciaSia, m. ToiZe
ki ganaTlebas peterburgSi iRebs. Tavidan igi rusuli realisturi
ferwerisa da ilia repinis mimdevrad gvevlineba, SemodgomSi ki mis
mxatvrobaSi Tavs iCens is problemebi, romlebic “peredviJnikebis” axali
Taobisa da sxvadasxva gaerTianebis mxatvrebisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli;
“magram es ar niSnavs m. ToiZis SemoqmedebiT damokidebulebas rusul
ferweraze. misi mxatvroba, romelic xasiaTdeba individualobiTa da
TavisTavadobiT, maRali profesiuli ostatobiT, rusuli ferweris
paralelurad viTardeboda”(arseniSvili 2001:3). m. ToiZe pirveli
mxatvaria, romelic grZnobs drois tendenciebs, wyvets sxvadasxva
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mxatvrul amocanebs _ gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa misi ferwerul-
koloristuli Ziebebi da udidesi interesi ganaTebis problemisadmi. m.
ToiZe im mxatvarTa rigs miekuTvneba, romelTa xelovneba aqtiuri
SemoqmedebiTi evoluciiT xasiaTdeba. am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia misi
moRvaweobis adreuli periodi, rodesac Cans mxatvris cocxali interesi
im mravalferovani da intensiuri SemoqmedebiTi procesebis mimarT,
romelic XXs –is dasawyisis rusul da evropul xelovnebaSi
mimdinareobda. gansxvavebiT g. gabaSvilisagan, romlis mxatvroba
monumentur, tipizebul tendenciebs avlens, m. ToiZe qarTul mxatvrobaSi
dazguri tendenciebis damamkvidrebelia. Tu gabaSvilisaTvis ufro
axlobelia samyaros, movlenebisa da sagnebis ganzogadebuli aRqma, m.
ToiZisaTvis movlenebis individualoba, konkretuli ganumeoreblobaa
niSandoblivi.
axali qarTuli mxatvrobis pirveli Taobis istoriul misias is
warmoadgenda, rom gaWianurebuli Sua saukuneebisa da XIX s-is Sua
aTeuli wlebis gardamavali safexuris Semdeg qarTuli ferwerisaTvis
daemkvidrebinaT axali realisturi xelovnebis poziciebi, “dasweodnen”
evropuli xelovnebis renesansul monapovars. esaa metad mniSvnelovani
etapi qarTuli mxatvrobis istoriaSi, TiTqos TavisTavad uferuli,
magram “muSa” periodi, romlis drosac realisturi mxatvrobis
damkvidrebis amocana XX s-is mijnaze da mis pirvel aTwleulSi
daZleul iqna.
WeSmariti mxatvruli alRo, arsebiTis aRqmis da ganzogadebis
saocari unari, nawarmoebTa epikuri monumenturoba, aRbeWdili epoqis
sevdiT da Sinagani tragizmiT, niko firosmanaSvils XX s-is genialur
SemoqmedTa rigebSi ayenebs. misma mxatvrobam “daitia” qarTuli
xelovnebis mravalsaukunovani tradicia da, amave dros, Tanamedrove
JReradobac SeiZina.
Ffirosmanis Semoqmedeba gansakuTrebuli fenomenia Tanamedrove
qarTul xelovnebaSi. giorgi xoStarias mosazrebiT, misi mxatvruli
stili gulisxmobs sapirispiro meTodebis, kerZod monumenturi da
dazgur-realisturi wyobiseuli niSnebis integrirebas erTian organul
mxatvrul mTlianobaSi. aSkarad ikveTeba genetikuri kavSiri
13
gvianfeodaluri xanis freskul mxatvrobasTan, aseve gviani xanis
saflavis qvebis reliefebTan (leJava 2006:15). Mmisi qmnilebebis
Tavisebureba amasTanave ganpirobebulia damkveTisa da dakveTis xasiaTiT,
kerZod, abrebis, maTi funqciuri moTxovnebiT. Ffirosmanis mxatvruli
meTodi XIX_XX ss. Mmijnaze Camoyalibda; igi warmoadgens
SemakavSirebel rgols monumenturi mxatvrobis tradiciebsa da axali
qarTuli mxatvrobis ganviTarebaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, naTelia, rom
firosmanis Semoqmedebam zemoqmedeba moaxdina axali Taobis qarTvel
mxatvrebze da saerTod, axali qarTuli mxatvrobis saxeobiT sistemaze.
Gg. xoStaria suraTebis mxatvrul-formaluri rigis gansakuTrebul
ostatobazec saubrobs, rodesac firosmanis suraTis mxatvrul wyobas
XX saukunis dasavluri mxatvrobis udides ostatebs adarebs. marTlac,
gasaocaria formis ganzogadeba mxatvruli saxis utyuari sizustis
SenarCunebiT, saxviT saSualebaTa minimalizaciiT miRweuli maqsimaluri
gamomsaxveloba, kompoziciuri metyvelebis arnaxuli lakonizmi, xSirad
mxolod sami-oTxi feris gamoyenebiT saocari ferweruli metyveleba da
a. S.
Famrigad, firosmani arsebobs imave droul sivrceSi, romelSic
Caisaxa da ganviTarda dasavluri kulturis iseTi yovlismomcveli
movlena, rogoricaa modernizmi. Mmisi xelovnebis zogadi wyobiseuli
maxasiaTeblebi esadageba Tanamedrove mxatvrobis im problematikas,
romelic idga modernistuli mxatvrobis winaSe XX saukunis pirvel
aTwleulebSi. Aavangardisa da firosmanis urTierTmimarTebisa Tu
naTesaobis sakiTxisaTvis liana anTelava-mamalaZe iseT aspeqtebs
gamohyofs, rogoricaa: evrocentrizmis uaryofa da kulturis Zlieri
orientalizacia; antiimitaciuri ferweris koncefcia, romelmac
mxatvruli Semoqmedebis veqtori mimarTa qvecnobierebis fenomenisaken;
orientacia primitiuli an TviTSemoqmedebis “dabal formaze”; gmiris
masiuri impersonalituri xasiaTi da Tavad mxatvris mZafrad
individualuri, pirovnuli TvalTaxedva; realisturi esTetikis
miuRebloba da sxv. Emodernistuli xelovnebis es umniSvnelovanesi
principebi firosmanisaTvis organuli da TavisTavadia.
14
firosmans arasodes uswavlia xatva, man ar icoda anatomia, sworad
ver agebda figuras, ar flobda perspeqtivis kanonebs, ganaTebisa da Suq-
Crdilis gadmocemis xerxebs, magram es verafers aklebs mis Semoqmedebas.
piriqiT, SesaZloa, swored es “aSiSvlebs” firosmanis uSualobas,
gulwrfelobas, sixalases. cxadia, misi Tematika garkveulwilad
SezRudulia, magram mxatvris namuSevrebSi ar SeiZleba ar davinaxoT
samyaros harmoniuli mTlianobis aRqmis unari, rac karga xnis
dakarguli hqonda imdroindel adamians. firosmanis suraTebis xilvisas
Cndeba SegrZneba, rom mas yvelaferi gaazrebuli aqvs, magram
sinamdvileSi yovelive TavisTavad xdeba. igi arasodes cdilobs naturis
“imitacias” da formis pirobiTobis farglebSi rCeba, riTac aSkarad
amJRavnebs genetikur kavSirs Sua saukuneebis qarTul xelovnebasTan;
tradicia mkacr, TavSekavebul koloritSic iCens Tavs. firosmani ar
xatavs detalebs, samagierod SesaniSnavad gadmoscems asaxulis arss. igi
maxvilad iWers saxasiaTos, tipiurs da axerxebs ganzogadebas. swored
amitom misi namuSevrebi erTian samyaros warmoadgenen, romelSic bunebac,
cxovelebic, adamianebic Sinaganad garindebulni, seriozulni, erTnairad
mniSvnelovanni arian da sakuTar TavSi TiTqos kosmosis mTlianobasa da
sibrZnes atareben.
“firosmanaSvilis mxatvrobaSi Taviseburi yovlisaRmomacenebeli
“pirveladobaa”, saRvTo siuxviT, madlmosilebiT aRsavse. igi miwierisa
da sazeos jerac ganuyofeli erTobaa, romelic sufevs kaxur
“mravalJamierSi”, tradiciul qoreografiaSi, saflavis qvebis
gulmisaval “vizionebSi” Tu sxvagan. bunebrivia, yvelaze didi sisruliT
es erToba xorcSesxmulia Cvens qristianul taZrebSi. firosmanTan
gancdaSi, xilvaSi sworedac “taZrulobaa” gadamwyveti. misi Semoqmedeba
gamsWvalulia eklesiis sivrcis nostalgiiT, Tumca sakuTar droSi mas
sxva rigis ferweris Seqmna daekisra” (leJava 2006:15).
firosmani gancalkevebiT dgas XX s-is 10 – 20-iani wlebis qarTul
mxatvrobaSi. sazogadod ki es periodi Zalze saintereso da
mravalferovania qarTul kulturaSi. Tu firosmani intuiciurad,
bunebrivad agrZelebs qarTuli xelovnebis mravalsaukunovan tradiciebs,
amave periodSi SemoqmedebiT asparezze gamosuli mxatvarTa jgufi
15
sruliad cnobierad isaxavs miznad Seqmnas, erTis mxriv, Tanamedrove,
dasavluri tipis xelovneba da, meores mxriv, SeinarCunos kavSiri
sakuTar fesvebTan, SeinarCunos TviTmyofadoba, raTa ar gaiTqvifos da
daikargos Tanamedrove xelovnebis globalur nakadSi. es mxatvrebi
arian:P daviT kakabaZe, lado gudiaSvili, dimitri SevardnaZe, valerian
sidamon-erisTavi, aleqsandre cimakuriZe, elene axvlediani, qeTevan
maRalaSvili, Salva qiqoZe. yovelma maTganma gansxvavebuli kvali datova
– zogi tradicionalisti iyo, zogi avangardisti, magram maTi
SemoqmedebiTi miswrafeba da suliskveTeba _ erTiani. isini Tanamedrove
qarTuli mxatvrobis damfuZneblebi iyvnen, “erovnulSi” ki yoveli
maTgani Tavisas, sakuTari TviTmyofadobisaTvis ufro misaReb da
axlobel formebs poulobda. es mxatvrebi Tavis droze ruseTisa da
evropis wamyvan samxatvro skolebSi swavlobdnen, mogzaurobdnen,
ifinebodnen; Semdgom ki 1920-iani wlebis bolos saqarTveloSi
dabrundnen da aqtiurad Caebnen qveynis mxatvrul cxovrebaSi.
TiToeuli es mxatvari mkafio individualizmiT gamoirCeva. es iyo
Zlieri, saintereso pirovnebebis epoqa. maT Soris erT-erTi wamyvania
daviT kakabaZe _ inteleqtuali, racionaluri azrovnebis unariT
gamorCeuli adamiani. safrangeTSi yofnisas igi qmnis parizis Canaxatebs,
akvarelur serias _ “bretani”. mas aqvs kubisturi namuSevrebi,
abstraqciebi. konstruqciul-dekoratiuli kolaJebis seriaSi igi iyenebs
xes, metals, minas, sarkes; aseve qmnis abstraqtul qandakebebs. Yyovelive
es ukve tipiuri modernistuli xelovnebaa da Tanac maRali donis,
romelic aravis ar hgavs. Tavad d. kakabaZe parizSi mowyobil 1928 wlis
gamofenis katalogSi werda: “plastikuri forma arsebobs yovelgvari
TxrobiTobisa da Sinaarsis gareSe... dRevandel adamians axali
plastikuri forma esaWiroeba”_ es erTgvari manifesti iyo, romelSic
drois moTxovna srulad aisaxa. “XX saukunis msoflio xelovneba rTul
da winaaRmdegobriv sistemad yalibdeba. impresionizmma, kerZod, sezanis
mxatvrulma koncefciam saTave daudo axal mxatvrul-saazrovno meTods,
romelic Taviseburad daiSala fovizmSi, kubizmSi, abstraqcionizmSi.
daviT kakabaZis mxatvrulma meTodma am poziciebis erTgvari morigeba
ikisra. Aam gagebiT, kakabaZe ar yofila arc mxolod kubisti, arc
16
dadaisti, arc abstraqcionisti. Mmisi Semoqmedeba warmoadgens erTgvar
“stilgareSe xazs”. Eesaa SemoqmedebiTi pozicia mxatvrisa, romelic
iTavsebs epoqis damaxasiaTebel stilur tendenciebs da arsebiTad, arc
erTi maTganis mimdevari ar aris. kakabaZem Tavis SemoqmedebaSi
urTierTgamomricxavi mxatvruli koncefciebis SeTanxmeba scada da
amaSic gamJRavnda misi renesansul-tolerantuli suli, samyaros xedvis
universaluri paTosi”( andriaZe 1989:105). Aam poziciidan gamomdinare
sruliad gasagebia misi cnobili imereTis peizaJebis ciklis naxevrad
abstraqtuli xasiaTi. zemodan danaxuli usasrulo sivrce, tilos mTel
sibrtyeze lokaluri feradovani laqebiT Seqmnili xaliCiseburi,
mozaikuri naxati iSviaTi emociurobiT aRsavse suraT-xatebs qmnis. aq
darRveulia perspeqtivis kanonebi da saerTod realisturi peizaJis
principebi. pirobiToba, sibrtyobrioba, abstrahireba _ is Tanamedrove
saxviTi saSualebebia, romelsac am dros iyenebdnen, magram d. kakabaZis
peizaJebi saocrad qarTulia da imereTis, saqarTvelos am erT-erTi
ulamazesi kuTxis, bunebis ganzogadebul saxes SesaniSnavad warmoaCens.
d. kakabaZis novatorulma Ziebebma sabolood swored “imereTis” seriaSi
moiyara Tavi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTeli Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi
cxovrebis manZilze, igi anzogadebda mSobliuri imereTis xedebs, eZebda
rac SeiZleba srulyofil mxatvrul-racionalur saSualebebs, raTa
peizaJis obieqtur Tvisebebze dayrdnobiT misi abstrahirebuli xati
Seeqmna.
Tu daviT kakabaZe abstrahirebas mimarTavs, meore am periodSi moRvawe,
mkafio individualobis mqone mxatvari lado gudiaSvili mxatvrul
xerxad formis stilizaciasa da utrirebas iyenebs da amiT Zlier
eqspresiulobas aRwevs. l. gudiaSvilis mxatvrobis safuZveli erovnuli
xelovnebaa_Sua saukuneebis kedlis mxatvroba, gvianfeodaluri xanis
miniatura Tavisi sparsuli gavlenebiT, qarTuli CuqurTma,
reliefi.LmasTan Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis saxviTi ena gardaisaxeba da
eqvemdebareba Tanamedroveobis principebs. gudiaSvilis SemoqmedebiTi
meTodisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia urTierTkavSiri realobasa da
fantastikurs, danaxulsa da SeTxzuls, naturulsa da gardaqmnils
Soris. mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi pirobiTad ori mTavari Tematikuri wre
17
ikveTeba: pirveli dakavSirebulia Zveli Tbilisis bohemasTan da e. w.
“kintoebis serias” qmnis. meore wres Seadgenen legendebi da fantaziebi,
romlebSic Cndeba istoriuli siuJetebi, TanamedroveTa romantizebuli
portretebi, cekvis scenebi, folklorTan dakavSirebuli miTebi,
alegoriebi da a. S., romlebSic bevri ram Taviseburad aris gaazrebuli.
l. gudiaSvili arRvevs anatomiis normebs, ar erideba sxeulis nawilTa
an sagnebis deformacias. kompoziciis agebas, figuraTa ganlagebas da
zogjer moxazulobasac mxatvari umorCilebs garkveul dekoratiul-
ornamentul ritms. aRsaniSnavia, rom kompoziciuri wyobis ornamentul
sawyisTan dakavSirebulia mxatvris mier sivrcis axali gageba, masTan
sivrce TiTqos neitralizebulia sibrtyiT. Kkonturuli naxati ar
izRudeba mxolod Tavisi arsebobiT sibrtyeze, moculoba Serwymulia
xazTan, romlis meSveobiTac miRweulia moculobisa da sibrtyis
mTlianoba. gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis amgvari interpretacia
suraTis arsis gadmocemas emsaxureba da nawarmoebis xasiaTis gaxsnas
amZafrebs, rac avtoris mxatvruli enis Taviseburebebis ganmsazRvrelia.
elene axvledianma SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweoba axali qarTuli
xelovnebis CamoyalibebisTanave daiwyo. misi niWis TviTmyofadoba
gansakuTrebiT naTlad gamomJRavnda mxatvris peizaJur ferweraSi.
peizaJebis ZiriTad Temebs igi saqarTvelos bunebis usazRvro
mravalferovnebaSi poulobda. ucxoeTSi yofnis drosac ki faqizad
grZnobda MmSobliuri qveynis silamazes. Ee. axvledians izidavda
intimuri xasiaTis landSafturi peizaJebi, romlebic gadmogvcemen
weliwadis Tu dRis sxvadasxva dros. aseTebia panoramulad, farTod
danaxuli qalaqis xedebi, kuTxeebi. man Seqmna Zveli Tbilisis, quTaisis,
Telavis, siRnaRis poeturi saxeebi, romelTa cxovelxatuli mdebareoba
da Zveli arqiteqturis Tavisebureba axalgazrdobidanve izidavda;
aRsaniSnavia, rom isini mxatvris mier yovelTvis axleburadaa aRqmuli.
e. axvledianis kompoziciebi gaazrebuli da gawonasworebulia. igi wers
mkvrivad da pastozurad. misi funjis monasmebi xan swrafia da msubuqi,
xan ki erTmaneTSi SeumCnevlad gardamavali, roca feri ferSia
Serwymuli, TiTqos gadamdnari; mxatvris koloriti Rrmaa da JReradi,
xandaxan odnav mimqrali; misi naxati wmindaa da kuTxovani, swored is
18
aniWebs mxatvris tiloebs, maT feradovan wyobasTan erTad, im mZafr
gamomsaxvelobas, rac amJRavnebs grafikis erTgvar gavlenas ferweraze.
e. axvledianis namuSevrebs axasiaTebs daxvewili feradovneba,
dekoratiuloba, xedvis moulodneli wertilebi; epikuri sivrceebi
masTan xan gaxsnilia, xan ki peizaJidan TiTqos amokveTili kadrebi
mayurebelTan axlos aris motanili. buneba _ usasrulobaSi gadaSlili
mTa-velebi, Tu erTmaneTze daxvavebuli saxlebis saxuravebi, ostatis
xasiaTis gamomxatvelia. am romantikul, STagonebiT Sesrulebul
suraTebSi mxatvars sakuTari damokidebuleba Semoaqvs: `igi xan
mTrTolvare da cvalebadi, xan mziuri da gaRimebuli, xan moRuSuli,
gulCaTxrobili da kuSti, xan rbili, morcxvi, liriulia” (privalova
1980:4), amitomac, sruliad samarTlianad, e. axvlediani `ganwyobilebis
peizaJis” erT-erT yvelaze gamoCenil warmomadgenlad iTvleba.
unda vaRiaroT, rom es xana (1910-dan – 30-ian wlebamde) erT-erTi
yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani etapia XX s-is qarTul
xelovnebaSi. “ocianelebi” faqtiurad pirvelebi svamen erovnulobis
problemas, isini sagangebod ufiqrdebian “avtonomiuri”,
“literaturulobisagan” Tavisufali formis sakiTxebs. maTi
miswrafebebi ukavSirdeba specifikuri erovnuli formis, gamosaxvis
erovnuli metyvelebis Ziebas. “es amocana axla ukve Segnebulad ismoda,
upirveles yovlisa, swored kakabaZis da gudiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi.
garda mxatvarTa “praqtikisa”, amas mowmobs d. kakabaZis _ am Taobis
erTaderTi Teoretikosis nawerebic, romelTa arss warmoadgens
Tanamedrove erovnuli xelovnebis amocanaTa gaazreba: xelovneba
erovnuli da, imave dros, Tanamedrove, erovnuli Tavisi arsiT,
samuzeumo stilizaciis gareSe da amasTanave XX saukunis
moTxovnilebaTa doneze mdgomi. am “moTxovnilebebSi” igulisxmeboda
rogorc konkretuli, materialuri movlenebi industriuli saukunisa,
ise fsiqologiuri faqtorebic, Tanamedrove adamianTa sulieri
cxovrebis specifika” (beriZe 1989 : 3). amrigad, tradiciisadmi axleburma
midgomam, misgan organulad aRmocenebis survilma, msoflio xelovnebis
Tanadroul mimdinareobebTan ziarebam Seqmna pirobiTad 1920-iani wlebiT
saxeldebuli, uaRresad saintereso da TavisTavadi mxatvroba.
19
Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis pirveli ayvavebis am etaps mosdevs
daaxloebiT ormocdaaTwliani “sabWoTa periodi”. saqarTvelos
gasabWoebis Sedegad “amuSavebulma” ideologiurma presma da “rkinis
fardam” kidev erTxel amoagdo qarTuli kultura bunebrivi
ganviTarebis kalapotidan. yvelasaTvis kargad cnobili lozungi _
“sabWoTa xelovneba unda iyos formiT socialisturi da SinaarsiT
erovnuli” _ Tavisufal Semoqmedebas aRar utovebda saarsebo sivrces.
totalitaruli wyoba uxeSad iWreboda adamianis cxovrebis yvela
sferoSi da mkacr ideologiur marwuxebSi aqcevda yovelive adamianurs,
SemoqmedebiTs. socialisturi realizmis meTodi devnida yovelive
specifikurad mxatvruls, individualurs; realizmis cneba dayvanil iqna
vulgarul naturalizmamde, romelic gamoricxavda mxatvrul wyobas,
enas. amasTan mas yalbi optimizmiT unda aesaxa mZime realuri yofa.
amgvarma zewolam udidesi ziani miayena xelovnebas. “Zalze damRupveli
SedegebiT aisaxa es procesi mxatvrul produqciaSi. d. kakabaZe saerTod
uars ambobs abstraqciaze, misi suraTebi TandaTanobiT kargaven
mxatvruli enis specifikas. uaRresad damRupveli iyo es etapi l.
gudiaSvilisaTvis _ kargavs ra Tavis asaxvis sagans, igi cdilobs
SeinarCunos SemoqmedebiTi Tavisufleba, magram faqtiurad iketeba
sakuTar TavSi, aSkarad xelovnuri xdeba, ikargeba misi mTavari Rirseba
_ sizuste, misi pirobiTi, magram Zalze metyveli enis damaxasiaTebloba.
q. maRalaSvilTan, iseve rogorc e. axvledianTan, moWarbda iluzionizmis
elementebi. faqtobrivad maT veRarasodes SeZles im uSualobis da
sixalasis aRdgena, romelic 1910 - 20-ian wlebSi axasiaTebdaT”
(xoStaria 2002:190). Mmiuxedavad yovelive amisa, qarTuli socrealizmic
ki Tavisi xasiaTiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda metropoliis
socrealisturi xelovnebisagan. ra Tqma unda, saqarTveloSic iqmneboda
beladTa pompezuri portretebi, scenebi muSaTa da kolmeurneTa
cxovrebidan, magram qarTul mxatvrobaSi SemoqmedebiTi impulsi mainc
arsebobda. saqarTvelo garkveuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi inerciiT kidev
inarCunebda 1910-20-iani wlebis qarTuli xelovnebis etapobrivi,
kanonzomieri ganviTarebis gezs, romelic dasavluri Tanadrouli
kulturuli tradiciis gaziarebiT da misi erovnul WrilSi gadawyvetiT
20
ganisazRvreboda. es TiTqosda paradoqsuli fenomeni ganapiroba im
faqtorma, rom mxatvrebi naxatSi realisturi meTodis moTxovnas
icavdnen, maT hqondaT enis gamovlenis saSualeba zeTSi, formis
SedarebiT Tavisufal ZerwvaSi, feris tonalur-koloristul wyobaSi.
“gamorCeuli niWiT dajildoebulma fermwerebma mainc moaxerxes
Taviseburi niSis moZebna: yovel SemTxvevaSi 1940-iani wlebis Sua
xanebamde inarCunebs maRal ferwerul dones q. maRalaSvili, igi uars
ambobs erTfenovan Tavisufal maneraze, magram mSvenier portretebs qmnis
ufro mkvriv sagnobriv ferweraSi. Taviseburad momgebianic ki aRmoCnda
es periodi al. baJbeuq-meliqovisaTvis. misi 1920-iani wlebis namuSevrebi,
miuxedavad lamazi da mdidari ferweruli zedapirisa, aSkara
xelovnurobiT gamoirCevian. 1930-iani wlebidan misi naxati ufro
bunebrivi xdeba da igi didi gemovnebiT wers Tavis portretebs, nius.
swored 1940-ian wlebSi qmnis Tavis saukeTeso peizaJebs al. cimakuriZe.
rodesac maT aRiqvam, Znelic aris daijero, rom isini stalinur
periodSia Seqmnili” (xoStaria 2002 : 191). mxatvris erTgvari lavirebis,
“cenzuris motyuebis” Taviseburi magaliTia d. kakabaZis 1942 w.
Sesrulebuli suraTi “mitingi imereTSi”. grandiozuli mTis ZirSi
Sekrebili mitingis monawileni WianWvelebiviT moCanan namuSevris wina
planze. marTalia, transparantebze, romlebic maT uWiravT, revoluciis
beladebi _ lenini, stalini da beria arian gamosaxulni (rogorc viciT,
amJamad saqarTvelos xelovnebis sax. muzeumSi dacul am suraTze
mxolod leninis portreti SemorCa), magram isini imdenad mcire zomisa
arian da imdenad mokrZalebuli adgili uWiravT, rom mnaxvelisaTvis
imTaviTve cxadia, mTavari aq epikuri buneba da misi waruvalobaa,
yvelaferi danarCeniH ki warmavalia. Aamgvarad aris kodirebuli am
namuSevarSi mxatvris damokidebuleba arsebuli realobisadmi. amdenad,
Cveni kulturisaTvis am urTulesi etapis drosac ki, saqarTveloSi
iqmneboda mniSvnelovani mxatvruli namuSevrebi, romlebic Tematuri Tu
formaluri TvalsazrisiT ver Tavsdeba sabWoTa xelovnebis CarCoebSi.
Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom es iyo ara xarisxobrivad da
tipologiurad axali saxviTi enis gadmocemis mcdeloba, aramed ukve
moZebnil sqemebSi manevrirebis periodi.
21
socrealizmi socialuri dakveTis xelovneba iyo, rac ukve TavisTavad
gulisxmobda dapirispirebas xelovnebis logikuri ganviTarebis
msvlelobasTan. igi uaryofda Ziebas mxatvruli Semoqmedebis sferoSi,
iZleoda mza kliSeebs da aiZulebda sruliad sxvadasxvagvari
temperamentis, erovnebisa da tradiciis mxatvrebs am `moCarCoebul’
sivrceSi emoqmedaT. socrealizmi daaxloebiT 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi
myarad “idga”. stalinis gardacvalebis Semdgom, erTgvari miswrafeba
SemoqmedebiTi Tavisuflebisaken sabWoTa respublikebSi, maT Soris
saqarTveloSic, nel-nela iCens Tavs. xelovnebis formaluri Tu
konceptualuri ganaxlebis procesi sabWoTa sivrceSi etapobrivad, met-
naklebi aqtualobiTa da warmatebiT xorcieldeboda. mxatvrul
problemaTa wre jer-jerobiT SemoisazRvreboda mxolod formaluri
amocanebiT _ saxviTi enisaTvis meti Tavisuflebis, improvizaciulobis,
gabedulebis miniWebiT. yovelive amasTan erTad mxatvarTa winaSe
dasaxuli problematikidan umTavresi mainc xelovnebisaTvis
ideologiuri mniSvnelobis CamoSoreba iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTveli
mxatvrebis protests am etapze ara imdenad ideologiuri wnexi, aramed
swored akademisturi mxatvruli formis, rusuli `peredviJnikuli~
mxatvruli principebis saxviTi meTodi iwvevda. saqarTveloSi es
procesebi e.w. `ormocdaaTianelTa~ Taobis buntis saxeliTaa cnobili.
1950-iani wlebis dasawyisidan SemoqmedebiT asparezze axalgazrda
mxatvarTa mTeli pleada gamodis: j. xundaZe, e. kalandaZe, z. niJaraZe, a.
varazi, a. banZelaZe, g. quTaTelaZe da sxv., romlebic Tamamad arRveven
formalur Ziebebze dadebul tabus; isini feriTi amocanebis gadawyvetiT
arian dainteresebulni, ramac Sedegad maT SemoqmedebaSi myari,
gaazrebuli feradovani sistemis Camoyalibebas Cauyara safuZveli. `XX s-
is 40-50-ian wlebSi Tbilisis samxatvro akademiaSi mosuli axali
Taobis, e.w. `ormocdaaTianelebis~ xelovneba novatoruli iyo mxolod
formis, mxatvrul-saxeobrivi struqturis, e.w. `esTetikuri novatorobis~
TvalsazrisiT; boris groisis azriT, zogadad am periodis sabWoTa
araformaluri xelovnebis (romelSic groisi impresionistuli ferweriT
gatacebasac moiazrebs) amocanas am etapze ar warmoadgenda
avangardistuli aqtivizacia, konceptualuri gabeduleba. Aam
22
mimarTulebis mxatvrebisaTvis mTavari iyo formaluri TvalsazrisiT
mxatvruli enis ganaxleba, mxatvrul-saxeobrivi struqturebis aTviseba
da am safuZvelze individualuri mxatvruli samyarosa da saxviTi enis
Camoyalibeba. Ees is mTavari problematika iyo, romelic qarTvelma
`ormocdaaTianelebma~ moitanes~ (ServaSiZe 2006:107).
Bbunebrivia, rom XXs-is 10-20-iani wlebis Zalze saintereso mxatvruli
procesi, romelic xelovnurad iqna SeCerebuli, garkveuli gamocdilebis
Sevseba-aRdgenas iTxovda. ormocdaaTianelTa mier `aRmoCenili~
impresionistuli mxatvruli meTodi ki maTTvis is misaRebi mxatvruli
forma aRmoCnda, romelic maT mier ferwerisa da realizmis gaazrebis
Taviseburebebs esadageboda da amasTanave, samxatvro akademiaSi
gabatonebul akademistur meTodsa da socrealizmis mxatvrul
principebs upirispirdeboda. amdenad, impresionizmiT da puantilizmiT
pirveli gataceba, am erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli mxatvruli
temperamentis mqone xelovanTaTvis, erTgvari gardamavali safexuri iyo
sakuTari mxatvruli maneris Camoyalibebis gzaze.
Aamrigad, 1950-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan ferweruli amocanebi
organulad daukavSirda am periodis xelovnebis saerTo
tendencias_mxatvruli enis ganaxlebisaken ltolvas. ferweraSi
gaZlierda koloristuli Ziebebi, rac axali qarTuli mxatvrobis
saTaveebidan momdinareobs. ormocdaaTianelTa novaciebi, romlebic
axali mxatvrul-saazrovno problematikis damkvidrebas ukavSirdeba,
mTeli sisavsiT 1960-ian wlebSi gamovlinda da logikur dasayrdens
uqmnida momaval Taobas. sxvadasxva mxatvruli problemebisadmi
SemoqmedebiTi midgoma, samyaros uSualo, individualuri aRqma, xatovani
azrovneba, ferweris saxviT-dekoratiuli saSualebebis, feris
TavisTavadi da saxviTi Tvisebebis xazgasma ormocdaaTianelTa
SemoqmedebiTi interesebis ZiriTad sferos gansazRvravs.
jibson xundaZe erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenelia 1950-ian wlebSi
SemoqmedebiT asparezze gamosuli Taobisa, romelmac qarTuli xelovneba
Rirseuli monapovriT gaamdidra. axalgazrda SemoqmedTa im droisaTvis
Tamami pozicia mxatvruli enis ganaxlebisaken iyo mimarTuli. maT
izidavdaT feris intensivobis gaZlierebac da misi calkeuli elferis,
23
niuansis wvdomac. amitomac, impresionizmiT maTi gataceba ar yofila
SemTxveviTi. Sinagani bunebiT iseTi faqizi koloristisaTvis, rogoric
j. xundaZea, savsebiT organuli Cans erTgvari dialogi impresionizmTan
Semoqmedebis adreul etapze. 1950-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi fermwerma
aRmoaCina sakuTari mxatvruli samyaro. Tavisi xelovnebis mamoZravebel
muxts man peizaJSi miagno, romelmac TandaTanobiTi ganviTarebis Semdgom
dakarga Janris viwro specifika da iqca ganzogadebuli wyobis mqone
xelovnebad. j. xundaZis suraTebSi tipuri qarTuli mTis peizaJebia
asaxuli. sasuraTo sibrtye mTlianadaa datvirTuli da cis
gamosaxuleba, qarTuli peizaJuri mxatvrobis erTi nakadis
tradiciisamebr, aq ar Cans. xedvis zeda wertilis SerCevac sfecifikuri
niSania. sivrce-moculobis gamoxatva mis suraTebSi viTardeba ise, rom
TviT feradovani sibrtye iZens erTdroulad nivTieri masalis
simkvrivesac da TiTqos sakuTar “sivrcobriobasac”. kompoziciis fokusia
feris koncentrirebuli, morevis msgavsi, pastozuri aqcenti. misiT da
mis irgvliv daZabulad mimobneuli laqa-konfiguraciebiT iqmneba
dinamikuri sivrce, romelic TiTqos ver Tavsdeba sasurTo sibrtyeze,
iSleba mis sazRvrebs miRma da sferulad gadmodis mayureblis sivrceSi.
“ar SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT, isic, rom d. kakabaZis suraTebSic arsebiTia
usasrulo, didi sivrcis STabeWdilebis Seqmna tilos zomebisagan
damoukideblad, Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom d. kakabaZesTan suraTis sivrce
mkacradaa gamijnuli realuri sivrcisagan, SedarebiT avtonomiuria”
(leJava 1983 : 30) j. xundaZes, iseve, rogorc d. kakabaZes, izidavs
qarTuli peizaJis specifikuri buneba, axasiaTebs misi arsobrivi xatis
gadmocemisaken swrafva. sruliad gansxvavebuli xerxebiTa da gziT orive
mxatvari mimarTavs obieqturi samyaros mxatvrul ganyenebas. j.
xundaZesTan es xorcieldeba emociuri impulsurobiT, erTgvari
qvecnobieri STagonebiT maSin, rodesac d. kakabaZesTan warmmarTvelia
inteleqti, naTeli gaazreba.
j. xundaZis peizaJebSi gamoxatulia bunebis epikuri didebuleba, misi
nivTieri, sagnobrivi Zalmosileba. saxviT elementTa dinamikuri
ganlageba, maTi pirobiT sivrceSi mousvenari svla qmnis STabeWdilebas,
rom formebi raRac Sinagani aucileblobiT daZrulan mudmivi
24
moZraobisaTvis. maT axasiaTebT, rogorc suraTis sazRvarTa daZlevis
miswrafeba, ise centriskenuli tendenciac. eqspresiuli, TiTqos
SemTxveviTi formebis mqone konfiguraciebi wriulad moZraoben pirobiTi
centris irgvliv, romelic ikiTxeba kompoziciis rTul ritmul
struqturaSi. mTlianad ferwera, aRbeWdili erTiani, rbili SuqianobiT,
aqtiuri JReradobis nacvlad ufro feradovnebis siRrmiT Rvivis, misi
Sinagani sisavse avlens mdidrul, TavSekavebul keTilSobilebas.
“bunebidan, realobidan miRebuli, sulieri informaciis mZlavri nakadi
masalis enaze gamTlianebas, sinTezirebas hpovebs j. xundaZis
SemoqmedebaSi. konkretul STabeWdilebebsa da gancdebSi arsebiTis
wvdomis Semdgom igi qmnis erTdroulad saxviT da “abstrahirebul”
nawarmoebebs. vfiqrobT, swored esaa erovnulobis erT-erTi niSani, roca
sakuTari garemos, misi bunebis, misi ferTametyvelebis Sinagani wvdomis
gziT iqmneba saxviT-dekoraciuli, swored bunebidan momdinare da ukve
Semdgom abstrahirebuli mxatvruli saxe. garemo TviT karnaxobs
mxatvars, arsobrivi warmoCenis impulsTan erTad, saxasiaTo TvisebaTa
eqspresiul deformacias. fermweri qmnis garemos sakuTar saxes, misgan
miRebul sulier muxts anviTarebs koloristuli simdidriT gamorCeul
ferweraSi da afuZnebs sakuTar mxatvrul samyaros” (leJava 1983: 32).
edmond kalandaZe, impresionizmiTa da puantilizmiT gatacebis Semdeg,
mkvrivi pastozuri weris maneras mimarTavs. mxatvari qmnis mZafri
dramatizmiT gamsWvalul portretebs, peizaJebsa da siuJetur suraTebs.
igi ikvlevs feris problemebs, rCeba sufTa, kontrastuli ferebis
erTguli, qmnis intensiuri ferebis harmonias da sivrcis moculobiT
gadmocemas axerxebs. masalis maqsimaluri gamoyeneba, ferTa Zlieri
kontrasti, farTod da ganzogadebulad dawerili forma mis suraTebs
gansakuTrebul gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs. sinamdvilis mxatvruli
gardasaxva gamovlenili ferweris specifikur enaze Ee. kalandaZis
xelovnebis mTavari maxasiaTebelia. mis mxatvrul sistemaSi mTavari
saxviTi xerxi sibrtyeze gansakuTrebuli principiT organizebuli feria.
ferTa laqebisa da feradovani masebis SefardebiT miiRweva mxatvruli
mTlianoba _ vlindeba nawarmoebis kompoziciuri, Sinaarsobrivi Tu
emociuri struqtura. e. kalandaZis xelovnebis konceptualuri
25
Tvalsazrisi emyareba bunebis SemoqmedebiTi gardasaxvis princips,
romelic avtoris grZnobadi aRqmis, xedvis Taviseburebebis
gaTvaliswinebazea dafuZnebuli. amis Sedegad iqmneba transformirebuli
sagnis erTdroulad abstrahirebuli da amave dros realuri garemos
sacnobi xatis niSnebis Semcveli specifikuri mxatvruli modeli, sadac
fers, saxviT-dekoratiuli da fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT,
mTavari adgili eniWeba. “winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse Tanamedroveoba e.
kalandaZis ferwerul tiloebSi sxvadasxva mxatvrul saxed da siuJetad
gardaisaxeba. es xan peizaJia, xan portreti, Nniu an naturmorti. mxatvris
SemoqmedebaSi erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivi motivi mxatvrul-saxeobrivi
ganzogadebis iseT xarisxs aRwevs, rom saxe-xatis funqcias iZens.
samyaros arsis, yofierebis filosofiuri gaazreba da pirobiTi masalis
meSveobiT misi “gamxatvruleba” e. kalandaZis xelovnebis
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia” (ServaSiZe 2010:7).
zurab niJaraZe Rrma da daxvewili xelovania, romelsac maRali
mxatvruli da profesiuli kultura, Taviseburi da saintereso
azrovneba gamoarCevs. mxatvris Semoqmedeba mniSvnelovan wvlils
warmoadgens Tanamedrove qarTuli ferweris ganviTarebaSi. misi Tamami
feradovani SexamebebiT Sesrulebuli tiloebi _ TanamedroveTa
portretebi, naturmortebi, SiSveli natura, Tematuri Tu Tavisufali
kompoziciebi damTvaliereblis winaSe erTian sistemad, individualur
samyarod gardaiqmneba. z. niJaraZis wamyvan Temas portreti warmoadgens.
mas ainteresebs adamiani, misi xasiaTis mkafio gadmocema. mxatvarma Seqmna
TanamedroveTa portretebis mTeli galerea, romelic gamomsaxvelobis
didi ZaliTa da mkafio saxeobriobiT gamoirCeva. pirovnebis Sinagani
samyaros fsiqologiur daxasiaTebas, misi garegnobidan yvelaze ufro
mTavaris xazgasmas mxatvris zusti Tvali, naxatis flobis kultura da
intuiciuri alRo ganapirobebs. es namuSevrebi realisturia, im
TvalsazrisiT, rom TiToeuli modeli cocxali naturaa, mxatvrisaTvis
axlobeli adamiania, misi TvaliT danaxulia. “isini SesaZloa, zogjer
ramdenadme idealizebuli arian, magram swored esaa niJaraZiseuloba, mis
prizmaSi gatarebuli sinamdvile. xasiaTis gaxsnas, adamianis Sinagani
samyaros gamovlenas z. niJaraZe, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos umniSvnelo
26
detalis, warmavalis, momentaluris dafiqsirebiT aRwevs da swored es
aris mniSvnelovani da damaxasiaTebeli portretirebulisaTvis; da mainc,
vfiqrobT, es tiloebi ar warmoadgens fsiqologiur portretebs.
naturis yvelaze damaxasiaTebeli, konkretuli detalis ganzogadebiT,
masze aqcentis gakeTebiT mxatvari iZleva pirovnebis zogad
daxasiaTebas” (anTelava-mamalaZe 1981:9). z. niJaraZe koloritis faqizi
grZnobiT gamoirCeva, igi did yuradRebas aqcevs feradovan gamas,
ferwerul efeqtebs. mxatvris sayvareli ferebia: wiTeli, lurji,
yviTeli, mwvane. mdidar feradovnebasTan erTad mis namuSevrebs
axasiaTebs eqspresiuli faqtura, msuye, pastozuri monasmi. nawarmoebebSi
feri cimcimebs, anaTebs, maJorul JReradobas iZens, mayurebels izidavs
misi suraTebis emociuroba, zemoqmedebis Zalis uSualoba. z. niJaraZis
suraTebSi feri formis gamovlenis umTavres komponents warmoadgens;
swored ferTa intensivobaze agebuli SexamebebiT aRwevs mxatvari
misTvis damaxasiaTebeli moculobiTi formis gadmocemas. z. niJaraZe
TiTqos yvelaferSi eZebs silamazes. Aamas amJRavnebs plastika, feris
sisufTave, harmoniuli erTianoba. Yyovelive amis miRma ki gamosaxulebis
sulieri sawyisis, Sinagani samyaros gamovlena SeigrZnoba.
XX saukunis qarTul mxatvrobaSi, kerZod ki 1950-ianelTa TaobaSi,
avTo varazis figura sruliad gancalkevebiT dgas. misi, rogorc
xelovanis Camoyalibeba mimdinareobda oficialuri xazis Stampebsa da
normebTan mZafri dapirispirebis fonze. mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi
erTdroulad Tanaarsebobs erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli
mxatvruli sistemebi Tu Sesrulebis sxvadasxva manera. varazis
novatoroba mdgomareobda imaSi, rom mis namuSevrebSi erTmaneTs erwymis
samganzomilebiani sagnebi da ferweruli elementebi, plastikuri da
tipografiuli niSnebi. man pirvelma mimarTa kolaJs, iyenebda Sereul
teqnikas, mxatvrul aplikacias da sxv., rac sruliad axali saxviTi ena
iyo im periodis qarTul mxatvrobaSi; iyo erT-erTi pirvelTagani vinc
pop-artis stilSi daiwyo muSaoba, sadac gamoCnda mxatvris
damokidebuleba epoqis problemebisadmi.
a. varazis SemoqmedebiTi individualoba pirvelad portretebSi
gamoikveTa. Pmisi portretebis umetesobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
27
vertikaluri formati, kompoziciuri gadawyvetis simkacre da
lakoniuroba. fonad, xSirad, suraTebis Sebrunebuli CarCoebia
gamoyenebuli. figura umetesad mkacrad frontaluradaa warmodgenili,
rac erTgvar statikurobas aniWebs mas. yuradReba ZiriTadad
koncentrirebulia personaJis saxeze, sxeuli da xelebi xSirad naklebad
aris damuSavebuli. zogierT portretSi mxatvari xazs usvams saxis
nakvTebis asimetriulobas. Aaqcenti umetesad gadatanilia Tvalebze,
gamometyvelebaze. suraTis kompoziciur wyobaSi gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba kolorits. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia “monoqromuli”,
TavSekavebuli tonaluri gama, romelSic sWarbobs civi, mocisfro
tonebi, ris A gamoc xSirad paralels avleben varazis ferwerasa da
pikasos cisfer periods Soris.
a. varazis naturmortebi stilisturad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa is namuSevrebi, romlebic sezanis gavlenis
niSnebs atareben. es msgavseba mJRavndeba rogorc Temis arCevanSi, ise
feradovan gamaSi. sezani varazis erT-erTi sayvareli mxatvari iyo.
Tumca sezanisa da pikasos gamocdileba varazTan Taviseburad,
individualuradaa gadamuSavebuli. naturmortebis kompoziciebi
mdgradi da gawonasworebulia. formebi gamartivebulia da
ganzogadebuli. maTi geometrizacia xazs usvams samyaros mdgradobas,
sagnobriobas. naturmortebis meore jgufi, Sesrulebis maneriT Tu
stilisturi niSnebiT, sinTetikur kubizms uaxlovdeba. aq aRar aris
sivrce, darRveulia perspeqtivis kanonebi. erTsa da imave suraTSi
mxatvari xedvis ramdenime wertils aerTianebs.
a. varazis kolaJis teqnikaSi Sesrulebul namuSevrebs pop-arts
miakuTvneben. marTlac, pop-artistebis msgavsad, mxatvari iyenebs
konteqstidan amoRebul sagans, aqtiurad mimarTavs kolaJis teqnikas,
iyenebs sxvadasxva faqturas, magram varazis pop-arti Taviseburia.
rogorc cnobilia, pop-artis gamoCena msoflio xelovnebaSi
revoluciuri gardatexa iyo, ramac ganapiroba sagnobriobis dabruneba
ferweraSi. aSS-Si pop-arti abstraqtuli eqspresionizmis winaaRmdeg
mimarTul protestad iqca. 1950-iani wlebidan mxatvrebi qmnidnen
“kombinirebul” namuSevrebs, romlebSic ferweruli tilosa da
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sxvadasxva samganzomilebiani sagnebis sinTezirebas axdendnen. pop-artis
mimdevari mxatvrebi (riCard hamiltoni, devid hokni, endi uorholi,
robert rauSenbergi, jasper jonsi, roi lixtenSteini, klas oldenburgi
da sxv.) cdilobdnen axleburad gadmoecaT adamianis garemomcveli
sinamdvile, romelic gazeTis kliSeebis, konservis qilebisa da yofiTi
sagnebis samyaros warmoadgenda; maT SemoqmedebaSi mTavari adgili
daikava iman, rac manamde mxatvris interesis miRma rCeboda: reklamam,
gazeTebisa da Jurnalebis ilustraciebma, komiqsebma, sakvebma, samosma da
sxv. amasTan, mniSvnelovani roli eniWeboda axal teqnologiebsa da
reproducirebis saSualebebs. pop-arti axali socialuri sinamdvilis
reprezentaciis funqcias asrulebda. dasavleTis pop-arti uwyveti
teqnikuri modernizaciis ideis matarebelia. igi momavlisaken aris
mimarTuli; misTvis damaxasiaTebelia garkveuli polemika tradiciasTan,
“varazi, raRac TvalsazrisiT, arqaulic ki gveCveneba. misi Semoqmedeba
Zvel ostatebs efuZneba. pop-artSi TiTqmis ver vnaxavT Zvel sagnebs.
varazTan ki mxolod Zveli, gacveTili, deformirebuli sagnebia. mis
kompoziciebSi TiToeul sagans Tavisi istoria aqvs ... ... dasavleTis pop-
arti sruliad gansxvavebulma, sxva sociokulturulma garemom warmoSva.
pirvel rigSi, igi garkveuli socialur-ekonomikuri sistemis Sedegi iyo,
xolo meore mizezi – abstraqtuli eqspresionizmis dominireba 1950-60-ian
wlebSi. Aarc pirveli da arc meore faqtori ar iyo saqarTveloSi
(sabWoTa kavSirSi). am TvalsazrisiT, pop-artis Camoyalibeba SeuZlebeli
iyo sxva kulturul konteqstSi. magram ukve TviTon is faqti, rom
mxatvari mimarTavs pop-artis stilistikas TavisTavad mniSvnelovania.
avTo varazi qmnis pop-artis iseT versias, romelic aramarto ar
Seesabameba, aramed faqtobrivad ewinaaRmdegeba im msoflmxedvelobas,
romelmac warmoSva dasavleTis pop-arti. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es pop-
artis varaziseuli, personaluri versiaa” (arseniSvili 2011:49:51).
Aam Taobis erT-erTi gamorCeuli warmomadgeneli guram quTaTelaZe
qarTul xelovnebaSi, upiratesad, lirikuli peizaJebis ostatad Sevida.
misi mxatvrobis ZiriTad Temas saqarTvelos peizaJebi warmoadgens.
namuSevarTa mTeli seriebi man guriis, qarTlis, imereTis, aWaris
peizaJebs, Tbilisis ubnebs miuZRvna. Mmxatvari faqizad grZnobda da
29
gadmoscemda bunebis xasiaTs, specifikas. Mmis sayvarel motivs
warmoadgens narinjisfer-mowiTalo gamaSi gadawyvetili Semodgomis
peizaJebi. Tavis suraTebSi mxatvari qmnida farTo, TiTqos zemodan
danaxuli mTisa da velebis, xeebisa Tu baRebis gadaSlili peizaJis
saocrad gamomsaxvel farTo panoramas. Gg. quTaTelaZis nawarmoebebSi,
emociurobis, uSualo xedvisa da kompoziciaSi racionaluri sawyisis
iSviaTi SerwymiT, aisaxa mxatvris poeturi, artistuli buneba. Uuaxles
qarTul mxatvrobaSi igi warmoCinda rogorc suraTis agebis, feradovani
niuansebis gaxsnis saSualebiT Seqmnili ganwyobilebis, sixarulisa Tu
sevdis gadmocemis gansakuTrebuli unaris mqone xelovani.
Aamrigad, 1950-60-iani wlebis mijnaze SemoqmedebiT asparezze
gamosulma mxatvrebma Tamamad daarRvies formaluri Ziebebis akrZalva,
isini iRvwodnen, raTa Tavis uflebebSi aRedginaT feri, rogorc suraTis
erT-erTi ZiriTadi sawyisi. Ees mxatvrebi saerTo amocanebs isaxavdnen,
magram maT ganviTarebis sakuTari gza gaiares da Seqmnes nawarmoebebi,
romlebic mkafiod asaxaven TiToeuli maTganis SemoqmedebiT mrwamss.
1950-60-ian wlebSi momxdarma arsebiTma Zvrebma, riTac aRiniSna im drois
kulturuli cxovrebis yvela sfero (literatura, kino, Teatri, musika),
ganapiroba mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis axali saSualebebis gamoyeneba da
damkvidreba. saxviT xelovnebaSi naTlad ikveTeba mxatvarTa miswrafeba
ganzogadebuli saxeebis Seqmnisa da samyaros xatovan-esTetikuri
aRqmisaken. niSandoblivia, rom am epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli cxovrebis
arsis siRrmiseuli gancda mxatvris TviTmyofadobis gamovlenis farTo
SesaZleblobebs qmnida. A”ormocdaaTianelTa” SemoqmedebiTi Taobis
saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi TavianT namuSevrebSi mTeli sisavsiT
avlendnen sakuTar msoflSegrZnebas, gamoxatavdnen sakuTar
damokidebulebas garemomcveli sinamdvilisadmi.
1960-70 –iani wlebi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa mxatvarTa
individualuri gamovlinebebiT. Ddgeba e. w. “uZraobis” periodi,
ideologiuri presi da cenzura aRaraa iseTi mkacri, “socrealisturi
forma” ki xelovnebaSi TiTqmis daZleulia da Sedegad mxatvrebs
saSualeba eZlevaT axali problemebis gadaWraze ifiqron. aRsaniSnavia,
rom swored am periodSi aRweven Tavisi potenciis maqsimalur
30
gamovlenas, rogorc ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebi, ise momdevno
Taobebis xelovanebi, romlebic samoRvaweo asparezze Tanmimdevrulad
gamodian 1960-70-ian wlebSi. “samicianelebi” (radiS Tordia, givi
narmania, givi ToiZe, Tengiz mirzaSvili, koki maxaraZe, bela
berZeniSvili, nana mesxiZe da sxv.) yoveldRiur yofaSi iwyeben
amaRlebulis, maradiulis, zogadsakacobrios Zebnas. isini cdiloben
filosofiurad gaiazron cxovrebis zneobrivi da eTikuri idealebi.
samocianelebs erTmaneTTan aaxloebs xedvis tipuri zogadoba, poeturi
simbolika, plastikuri metyveleba, romelic emyareba eTnografiul,
folklorul, xalxur erovnul wyaroebs. mTavari gamomsaxvelobiTi
saSualebebia kompoziciis feradovani da ritmuli organizacia da misi
dekoratiuli gaazreba, rac Taviseburad exmianeba erovnuli xelovnebis,
poeziis, musikisa da ritmis grZnobas.
g. narmaniasTan siuJetisa da Sinaarsis ganzogadeba gansakuTrebuli
xatovanebiT aris gadmocemuli mis Janrul kompoziciebSi. Mmxatvris iseT
suraTebSi, rogorebicaa “aivanze”, “werili” da sxv., TiTqos araferi
xdeba gansakuTrebuli _ pirvelgan gogona zis da keravs, meore
namuSevarSi ki mSvidad kiTxulobs werils; magram es ar aris
Cveulebrivi aqti _ es TiTqosda poetizebuli, garegnulad statikuri
personaJebi erTgvari daucvelobis, martosulobis, gaucxoebis
SegrZnebebs badeben. Sav CarCoSi Casmuli garindebuli da ukacrieli
peizaJis fonze warmodgenili gogonebi TiTqos zogadad adamianis
mikrokosmis, sakuTar TavSi CaRrmavebis Tu Caketvis Tavisebur
simboloebs warmoadgenen.E
mkveTri individualobis mqone mxatvari r. Tordia Tavis intimur
samyaros qmnis rogorc gamosaxuli sagnebis, ise suraTis saerTo
feradovani gamis wyalobiT. Mmis namuSevrebSi igrZnoba sibrtyobriv-
ritmuli sawyisi, ferTa gamis garkveuli pirobiToba. erTgvari poeturi
aRmafreniT gadmoscems mxatvari zogadad adamianis, qalis, musikis
siyvaruls. Tavis cnobil triptiqSi “Sroma, siyvaruli, lxini” r.
Tordias TiTqosda yoveldRiuri xalxuri scena maqsimaluri
ganzogadebis xarisxSi ahyavs, riTac siuJeti sadResaswaulo-simbolur
JReradobas iZens. am nawarmoebs Weduri nimuSebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
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ritmuloba, saxeobriv-plastikuri erTianoba, epikuri mravalxmianoba
gamoarCevs. kompoziciuri elementebis xaliCiseburi gaazreba, xazebisa
da laqebis ornamentuli kavSiri xalxuri xelovnebidan nasazrdoeb
sibrtyobriobas da dekoratiulobas amJRavnebs. cxovrebis arsis
filisofiuri aRqma, erTgvari mkacri reprezentaciuloba vlindeba r.
Tordias mier 1966 wels Sesrulebul saintereso nawarmoebSi “deda”.
qarTul garemoSi warmodgenili qali, danaoWebuli saxiTa da didi
najafi xelebiT, TiTqos qarTveli dedis krebiT saxes warmoadgens.
qalis Tavs ukan kedelze gamosaxuli mrgvali oqrosferi disko ki
wmindanis Saravands mogvagonebs. Ees erTi SexedviT umniSvnelo detali
erTgvarad akrZaluli xilis _ religiuri Temis qarTul xelovnebaSi
SefarviT Semotanad SeiZleba miviCnioT. aseTi SeniRbuli, TiTqos
umniSvnelo detalebi sakmaod moipoveba 1960-70-iani wlebis qarTul
xelovnebaSi; swored maT moamzades niadagi sruliad axali, religiuri
da erovnuli Tematikis “afeTqebisaTvis” 1980-ian wlebSi, magram es ukve
sul sxva Taobis, e. w. oTxmocianelebis misia iyo (kldiaSvili 2006 : 6).
samocianelTa namuSevrebi upiratesad kompoziciis naTeli
struqturiT, dekoratiulobiTa da monumenturobiT xasiaTdeba. pirobiTi
sivrce da kompoziciis sibrtyovani ganSla avlens ara marto azrobriv-
Sinaarsobriv datvirTvas, aramed aqtiur dekoratiul funqciasac
atarebs. Aqedan gamomdinare, suraTi iZens mTlianobas, rogorc saxviT-
plastikuri, ise dekoratiuli TvalsazrisiTac. sibrtyis SegrZneba, misi
organzomilebianoba, rogorc suraTis safuZveli, maT namuSevrebSi
Taviseburad erwymis moculobis gamZafrebul SegrZnebas, formis
sagnobriobas, TavSekavebuli feris simkvrives. Aam mxatvarTa
nawarmoebebSi adamianTa figurebi TiTqmis yovelTvis skulpturuli
gveCveneba. Aamdenad, yovelive es mowmobs imas, rom plastikuri
struqturis problema, gansakuTrebiT ki gamomsaxvelobiTi sibrtyisa da
moculobiT-sivrculi elementebis urTierTdamokidebuleba suraTSi,
bevr qarTvel mxatvarTan ganpirobebulia ferweris, Wedurobisa da
qandakebis nimuSebis stilisturi siaxloviT. stilisturi meTodebis
siaxlove samocianelTa mxatvrul problemebs erTgvar mTlianobas
aniWebs, Tumca ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos maTi Taviseburad
32
gadaWarbebuli gataceba qarTuli yofis scenebiT, rac zogjer maT
namuSevrebSi formis arqaizaciasac iwvevs (beriZe, ezerskaia 1975 : 207-212).
1970-ian wlebSi axali azrovnebisaken da TviTganaxlebisaken swrafvam
stilisturi mravalferovneba ganapiroba. SemoqmedebiTi
memkvidreobisadmi miswrafeba TviTSegnebis formad iqca, ramac
mxatvruli midgomisa da gadawyvetis mravalsaxovanebas gauxsna gza.
axalgazrda mxatvrebis mier motanili siaxleebi 1950-iani wlebis Taobis
cnobil ostatTa SemoqmedebiT momzadda. Aam droisaTvis kvlav
aqtualuria mxatvruli formis srulyofis problema _ feris, naxatis,
kompoziciis gagebis sakiTxi. 1970-iani wlebis qarTul ferweraSi
warmoCinda individualuri xelweris mqone SemoqmedTa farTo speqtri:
esma Ooniani, Tamaz xuciSvili, gogi CageliSvili, Temo maWavariani,
vaxtang beselia, omar kaWkaWiSvili da sxv., romlebic ormocdaaTianelTa
uSualo memkvidreebi arian. samocdaaTianelTa Ziebebi mxatvruli
formisa da sivrcis plastikuri interpretaciis, suraTis kompoziciuri
struqturis, wminda ferweruli, koloristuli sawyisebis gamovlenis
mxriv, naTlad aCvenebs erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli avtorebis
SemoqmedebiTi amocanebisadmi midgomis sxvadasxva niuansebs, saintereso
esTetikur da stilistur Taviseburebebs. yovelive amasTan erTad,
samocdaaTianelTa namuSevrebSi Cndeba garkveuli simboluri Tu
romantikuli intonaciebi; emociuroba, lirikuloba, grZnobisa da azris
gamomJRavnebis siRrme ikiTxeba maT nawarmoebebSi.
Tavisi mxatvruli msoflaRqmiT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis
konceptualuri da formaluri Taviseburebebis mkafio gamovleniT esma
oniani samocdaaTianelTa Taobis Rirseul warmomadgenlad gvevlineba. am
saintereso mxatvris, poetisa da eseistis moRvaweoba erT-erTi
RirsSesaniSnavi movlenaa Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis istoriaSi. e.
onianis originaluri msoflmxedveloba, individualuri mxatvruli
azrovneba da ferweruli manera 1970-ian wlebSi yalibdeba. am droisaTvis
Tavs iCens mxatvris swrafva rTuli ferweruli amocanebis sinTezuri
gadawyvetisadmi. sagnobrivi formis transformireba, sivrce-sibrtyis,
tonaloba-feris gamovlena erT mTelSi misi SemoqmedebiTi interesebis
umTavres sagans warmoadgens. mkafiod ikveTeba mxatvris Semoqmedebis
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sxvadasxva aspeqti Tu mxatvruli amocana: erTis mxriv, es aris
mimarTuleba, sadac wamyvan rols TamaSobs plastikur formaTa metyveli
pastozuri Zerwva, meores mxriv, sivrcobrivi problematika da swrafva
gamaerTianebeli Suq-haerovani mowiTalo-movardisfro gamis Seqmnisaken.
e. onianis mxatvruli interesebis qvakuTxeds adamianis Sinagani
cxovreba warmoadgens, romelic realuri movlenebiT STagonebuli
gancdebis, emociebis, Wvretis Tavisebur monacvleobas emyareba.
portretuli Janri xazgasmulad warmoaCens avtoris saxviT Ziebebs, masSi
ufro metad aris gamovlenili mxatvruli saxis srulyofis mcdeloba
da esTetikuri idealis ganxorcielebisaken swrafva. aRsaniSnavia, rom
mxatvris suraTebSi gansakuTrebul JReradobas iZens bavSvobis xatovani
mogonebebi, romlebic gamudmebiT Cndebian da sxvadasxvagvari
interpretaciiT warmoCndebian mis poetur, Rrmad nostalgiur tiloebze.
1980 – 90-iani wlebi esma onianis Semoqmedebis gvian periods moicavs.
am droisaTvis mkafiod Camoyalibebul saxes iZens sakuTari mxatvruli
meTodis damkvidrebis, samyarosa da misi sivrcul-droiTi
maxasiaTeblebis avtoriseuli gaazrebis intensiuri procesi. suraTebSi
dominirebs samyaros, rogorc erTiani mTelis ferwerul-poeturi gancda,
matulobs filosofiuri gansjis, monumenturobis SegrZneba.
niSandoblivia, rom Tavis SemoqmedebaSi e. oniani warmatebiT aviTarebs
gansxvavebuli specifikis mqone struqturuli niSnebis erT mxatvrul
wyobaSi integrirebis rTul xazs. mis bolodroindel namuSevrebSi
safuZvlianad aris Tavmoyrili da sinTezirebuli mxatvris Ziebebis
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi: plastikur formaTa ferweruli Zerwva; civi da
Tbili ferebis niuansireba specifikur, Suq-haerovan mowiTalo gamaSi;
amavdroulad mis winaSe ikveTeba axali amocanebi – stilizebuli,
ganzogadebul-monumentalizebuli, zogjer abstrahirebis zRvarTan
mdgomi lakoniuri formebis gadmocema. am periodis namuSevrebSi feri
formis gamovlenis umTavres maxasiaTebels warmoadgens da uzustes
naxatTan erTad ama Tu im personaJis, sagnisa Tu movlenis mkafio
daxasiaTebas iZleva. suraTebSi gabatonebulia muqi, intensiuri
mowiTalo-moiisfro koloriti, romelic erTgvari xelovnuri naTebis
STabeWdilebas tovebs da namuSevars eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas
34
aniWebs. tiloebis ferweruli faqtura erTiani da mkvrivi, zedapiri ki
mdidari da elvarea.
istoriul da mxatvrul aspeqtebTan mimarTebaSi samocdaaTianelTa
Taobis saukeTeso warmomadgenelTa moRvaweoba SeiZleba ganisazRvros,
rogorc Taviseburi gardamavali periodi erovnuli mxatvruli
cnobierebis Semdgomi ganaxlebisa Tu misi sulier-Sinaarsobrivi
gaazrebis gzaze. cxadia, igi warmoadgens erTgvar damakavSirebel rgols
rogorc wina, ise momdevno etapebTan da mxatvrul-istoriuli
TvalsazrisiT sakuTari TviTmyofadi saxe gaaCnia.
1980-ian wlebSi qarTul xelovnebaSi Cndeba avangardis mxatvarTa
mTeli pleada, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli mxatvroba TandaTan
erTveba im movlenaTa rigSi, romelic am periodSi mimdinareobs
dasavlur mxatvrul samyaroSi. rodesac oTxmocianelTa Taobaze
saubroben, pirvel rigSi gamorCeuli individualobis mqone mxatvrebs _
irakli farjians, gia buRaZes da levan WoRoSvils asaxeleben. es is
sami mxatvaria, romelTa SemoqmedebaSic praqtikulad Tavi moiyara am
TaobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma yvela siaxlem.
oTxmocianelTa SemoqmedebiT asparezze gamoCenis aTvlis wertilad
1985 wels g. buRaZisa da l. WoRoSvilis mier mxatvris saxlSi mowyobil
gamofenas miiCneven, rac faqtiurad am Taobis saprogramo ganacxadad
iqca. eqspoziciaze warmodgenili namuSevrebi _ g. buRaZis matianeebze
dayrdnobiT saqarTvelos istoriis Temebze Seqmnili didi tiloebi da
l. WoRoSvilis saqarTvelos mefeTa portretebi _ sruliad axali
xelovnebis demonstrireba iyo, es iyo Cveneba xelovnebisa, romlis
yvelaze Rirebuli Tvisebebi saqarTvelos sulieri warsulis
siRrmiseul gaazrebaSi, saxviT xelovnebaSi Tematuri suraTis,
sazogadod msoflio kulturis monapovarTa da tradiciaTa axlebur
aRqmasa da damkvidrebaSi mdgomareobda. am gamofenam TvalnaTliv
cxadyo, rom qarTul mxatvrobaSi sruliad axali, cocxali nakadi
Semovida; movida axali Taoba, romlisTvisac ferwera gascda sakuTriv
ferweruli, formalisturi, viwromxatvruli problemebis farglebs da
romelsac axleburad esmoda mxatvrobis misia da roli sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi.
35
am erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli mxatvruli xelweris,
temperamentisa da esTetikis mqone mxatvars (i. farjiani, g. buRaZe, l.
WoRoSvili) aerTianebda Semecnebis dauokebeli survili da
siaxleebisadmi gaxsniloba. maT gaafarToves mxatvrobis
inteleqtualuri horizontebi, siRrme da filosofiuri JReradoba
daubrunes qarTul mxatvrobas.
i. farjiani aqtiurad muSaobda dazgur ferwerasa da grafikaSi.
Seqmnili aqvs portretebi, naturmortebi, peizaJebi, abstraqtuli
kompoziciebi, metafizikuri landSaftebi, suraTebi saxarebis
siuJetebze, wignis ilustraciebi. igi maZiebeli bunebis mqone, moazrovne
mxatvari iyo, romelic mudmivad eZebda axal formebs, Temebs, magram
siaxle misTvis TviTmizani ar iyo, mas marTlac gaaCnda axali saTqmeli.
misi mxatvruli interesebis wre farToa, magram, rac gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia, mis SemoqmedebaSi Semodis religiuri Tematika. wlebis
ganmavlobaSi tabudadebuli Tema kvlav brundeba qarTul xelovnebaSi.
jer kidev 1970_iani wlebis bolos i. farjiani qmnis or wigns _
markozisa da ioanes saxarebebs. niSandoblivia, rom is mxolod ki ar
asuraTebs saxarebebs, aramed teqstebsac ki sakuTari xeliT wers, xeliT
xatavs Sig TavsarT-bolosarTebs da sazedao asoebs. misTvis es wignebi
mTliania, romelSic teqsti da ilustracia ganuyofelia. es wignis
gadaweris uZvelesi tradiciis aRorZinebis unikaluri mcdelobaa, magram
tradiciasTan kavSiri mxolod amiT ar Semoifargleba. pirobiTobasa da
ganzogadebaSi, miniaturaTa kompoziciur Tu feradovan wyobaSi aSkarad
vlindeba kavSiri Sua saukuneebis qristianul ZeglebTan. am siaxlovis
miuxedavad avtori axerxebs darCes Tanamedrove mxatvrad,
romlisTvisac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba yovelive sakuTars,
individualizmis prizmaSi gardatexils. am saxarebaTa mxatvruli ena da
esTetika, saxeTa uSualoba religiuri gancdis siRrmesTan erTad
zemoqmedebs mnaxvelze da mas uCens erTgvar SegrZnebas, TiTqos am
wignebis gadafurcvlisas igi ara usulo sagans, aramed cocxal,
msunTqav organizms exeba (kldiaSvili 2006 : 7-8).
Tavis ferwerul namuSevrebSi i. farjiani ikvlevs zogadad saxviTi
xelovnebis iseT problemebs, rogoricaa sinaTlisa da Crdilis,
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sivrcisa da sibrtyis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebi. am xerxebiT igi
faqtiurad aqrobs plastikur formas, romelsac sinaTlis sxeulad
aqcevs da amiT mis dematerializacias axdens. am TvalsazrisiT metad
sainteresoa misi didi zomis jvarcmis kompoziciebi, romlebSic
TandaTanobiT qreba, dematerializdeba yvelaferi _ figurebi, foni. aq
aRar arsebobs xelSesaxebi materia, radgan yovelive TeTr manaTobel
sivrceSi iZireba _ `yoveli materia, es aris Sededebuli sinaTle”
(farjiani). esec tradiciis erT-erTi gamovlinebaa.
i. farjianisaTvis qristianoba is qvakuTxedia, razedac agebs igi
Tavis mravalferovan Semoqmedebas; misi namuSevrebi gansakuTrebuli
sulierebiT gamoirCevian, mnaxveli cxadad grZnobs Tu rogor asxiveben
isini Tavis TavSi dagrovil naTels, Tu rogor aris TiTqosda
umniSvnelo detalic ki datvirTuli didi, keTili energiiT, romelic
suraTidan uwyvetad moedineba. yoveli forma, figura misTvis TiTqos
sakraluri sagania, radganac masSi maradiuli arsi xiblavs mxatvars.
Tavis e. w. berlinur ciklSi amitomac xatavs igi erTsa da igive siuJets
_ swored “xareba” da “jvarcma” xdeba misTvis gansakuTrebiT
sagulisxmo, sadac cdilobs bolomde ganTavisufldes materialuri
formebisagan da mxolod suli datovos sasuraTo sibrtyeze. asea
portretebSic, navebis seriaSic, yvavilebSic; `misi bolodroindeli
abstraqciebi Tu ukidegano landSaftebi swored rom usasrulo
samyaroSi, fizikuri da eTeruli sxeulidan astralur sivrceSi gasvlis
mcdelobaa _ iq, sadac metafizikuri dumilia da sadac
Tanabaruflebiania naTelic da bnelic “ (ciciSvili 2000:4).
irakli farjiani umdidres tradiciasTan Tanaziari, Tanamedrove
saxviTobis ganumeorebeli stiluri Tu teqnologiuri xerxebiT qmnis
Tavis TviTmyofad Semoqmedebas. yoveli misi namuSevrisaTvis, rasac ar
unda xatavdes igi, umniSvnelovanesi da gamaerTianebelia farjianiseuli
miTi ukvdavi sulis Sesaxeb, `sinaTlis Tavis TavSi dagrovebiT da
miwierebis gancdiT”(farjiani); amosavali erTia _ es aris Tema naTelisa
da bnelisa, xilulisa Tu Crdilisa, keTilisa da borotisa.
2000 wels Tbilisis xuTma galeream erTdroulad warmoadgina i.
farjianis farTomasStabiani retrospeqtuli eqspozicia, romelic
37
mxatvris 50 wlisTavs mieZRvna. gamofenam udidesi sazogadoebrivi
rezonansi gamoiwvia. i. farjianis Semoqmedeba aseTi sisruliT arasodes
warmoCenila, igi faqtiurad Tavidan iqna “aRmoCenili”, mravali axali
waxnagiT warsdga damTvaliereblis winaSe, rac WeSmariti xelovnebis
upirobo Tvisebaa.
oTxmocianelTa Taobis kidev erTi umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenelia
gia buRaZe, romelic ase ayalibebs Tavis kredos:
`21 wlamde mindoda vyofiliyavi mxatvari da amisTvis vmuSaobdi
Zalian bevrs.
21-wlidan 28 wlamde mindoda vyofiliyavi musikosi da amas vakeTebdi
mxatvrobiT.
28-wlidan 35 wlamde mindoda vyofiliyavi filosofosi da amasac
mxatvrobiT vcdilobdi.
dRes minda viyo adamiani, romelic fxizeli cnobierebiT gaxsnili
Sevegebebi bedisweras da amasac mxatvrobiT gavakeTeb.”
xelovnebis fundameturi problemebis gadasinjva, SemoqmedebiTi
procesis TviTSemecnebis aqtad qceva, xelovnebis sinTezis problemaTa
kvleva da eqsperimentireba, farTo socio-kulturuli da istoriuli
konteqstebis aRqma-Secnoba, Tanamedrove dasavluri mxatvrobis saxviTi
xerxebisa da stilebis gaazreba, gadafaseba da sakuTar erovnul
fesvebTan da tradiciebTan organuli kavSiris damyareba _ ai,
problemaTa is arasruli rigi, romelsac svams da garkveulad kidec
wyvets Tavis SemoqmedebaSi mxatvari.
“g.buRaZe Zalze aqtiuri, mravalmxrivi pirovnebaa, interesebis farTo
speqtriT, rac misi mxatvrobis mravalferovnebasa da saocar
produqtiulobaSi vlindeba. didi Temebi, zogadsakacobrio problemebi
asazrdoebs mis mxatvrobas, uamrav seriebs: vagnerisa da maleris Temebze
Seqmnili seriebi, “qarTlis cxovreba” da aTsammet asurel mamaTa seria,
“don Juani”, “jadosnuri fleita”, “intuiciebi dantes Temaze”,
“apolonuri tragediebi”, “romantikuli aluziebi” da mravali sxva.
musikidan, istoriidan, miTologiidan, saxarebidan miRebuli informacia
mxatvrisaTvis cocxali saazrovno masalaa, romelic Semoqmedis Sinagan
prizmaSi gardatexili Tavisebur saxe-xatebad gardaiqmneba sasuraTe
38
sibrtyeze. isini moklebulia TxrobiTobas, ilustratiulobas,
prozaulobas. mis SemoqmedebaSi yovelive scildeba faqtis sazRvrebs,
Tavs aRwevs warmavlobas da adis garkveuli zeSinaarsobriobis xarisxSi.
yoveli movlena da masTan dakavSirebuli sagani mis suraTebSi kargavs
Tavis realobas da saxe-simbolod iqceva. es aris ferwera, sadac saxe-
xati azrobrivad zusti da emociurad metyvelia” (kldiaSvili 2000 : 2 ).
aRsaniSnavia, rom Sesrulebis xerxebi ideidan gamomdinare icvleba.
stiluri mravalferovneba, erTgvari polistilistika g. buRaZis
programuli principia. `mxatvris mier gamoyenebul teqnikur
SesaZleblobaTa diapazoni Tavbrudamxvevia. masSi Tanaarsebobs
`impresionistuli” monasmi, tonaluri modelireba, lokaluri
feradovani laqebi, msxvili, farTo weris manera; mxatvari mimarTavs
lisirebis xerxs, iyenebs `valors” da a.S... ...… es teqnikaTa ekleqtizmi
Tu teqnikur saSualebaTa erTgvari kolaJi mxatvarma kargad moargo
Tanamedrove `daSlili” samyaros vizualur-racionalur metaforizacias.
es sinkretuli daqucmacebuli codna, post-modernistuli danawevrebuli
samyaros axsna-gagebaa an SesaZloa samyaros `Zveli” mTlianobis aRdgena-
dabrunebaze ocnebac iyos” (mamalaZe-anTelava 2010 :55).
g. buRaZis xelovneba sakuTari erovnuli fesvebidan modis da
tradiciebTan organul kavSirs amJRavnebs. amave dros igi Tavisi
problematikiTa da formiT WeSmaritad Tanamedrove mxatvrobaa. misi
Semoqmedeba ar warmoadgens samyaros cocxal suraTs, es misi azria, misi
codnaa samyaroze, romelic mxatvrul-vizualuri metaforis saxiTaa
gamoTqmul-asaxuli. avtoris mxatvruli sistema es misi individualuri
eqsperimentia, misi cdebia postmodernuli formaTqmnadobisa. g. buRaZis
mxatvroba samyaros vizualur racionalizacias warmoadgens.
levan WoRoSvili oTxmocianelTa Taobis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani
warmomadgenelia. mis mxatvrul formas zogadad asazrdoebs, erTis
mxriv, qarTuli saero miniatura, Sua saukuneebis qarTuli monumenturi
ferwera da e.w. `Tbilisuri portretuli mxatvroba”, meores mxriv, aseve
zogadad, esaa evropuli mimdinareobebi _ fovizmi, kubizmi Tu calkeuli
mxatvrebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom am ori (aRmosavluri da dasavluri) sawyisis
originaluri Serwyma masTan metad organul saxes iZens, rac avtoris
39
mxatvrul alRos, stilis utyuar grZnobas amJRavnebs. l. WoRoSvilis
TviTmyofadi mxatvruli samyaro upirveles yovlisa gansaxierebulia mis
jgufur, an ojaxur portretebSi, romlebzedac ufro xSirad qarTveli
Tavadaznaurobaa aRbeWdili. es suraTebi TiTqos erTgvari nostalgiaa
didi xnis win gamqrali klasis cxovrebaze, sevdiani mogonebaa qarTul
xasiaTsa da qarTul sulze. sagulisxmoa, rom mxatvars ainteresebs
portretis Janri ara rogorc erTi pirovnebis, misi xasiaTis gaxsnis
saSualeba, aramed rogorc adamianTa mTeli koleqtivis, maTi erTobis,
socialuri, sulieri Tu msoflmxedvelobiTi kavSiris gadmocemis
SesaZlebloba. l. WoRoSvilis namuSevrebSi erTdroulad vlindeba
saxeTa monumenturobac da individualuri, saxasiaTo damajereblobac,
rac gamZafrebulia deformaciis, stilizaciis, utrirebis meSveobiT. misi
portretebi, miuxedavad pirobiTobisa, savsebiT konkretul
STabeWdilebas axdenen mayurebelze. cxadia, rom mxatvrisaTvis
amosavalia arsebuli obieqtis, personaJis ganumeoreblobis gadmocema,
rasac igi saxviTi formis pirobiT enaze transformaciiT anxorcielebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom l. WoRoSvilis jgufur portretebSi personaJTa
saxeebi yvelaze mkafio aqcentebia, romlebic gamoiyofa, rogorc
damuSavebiT, aseve individualur-saxasiaTo niSnebiT. Zunwad, lakoniurad
damuSavebuli saxeebi, pirobiTobisa da stilizaciis miuxedavad,
cocxali da gamomsaxvelia; yvelaferi danarCeni _ sxeuli, tanisamosi,
foni, Zalze zogadadaa miniSnebuli. mravalferovani mxatvruli
kombinaciebiT _ sibrtyobriv-dekoraciuli gadawyvetiT, masalis
gaSiSvlebiT, metyveli xazisa da brtyeli feradi laqis aJRerebiT Ll.
WoRoSvili qmnis Tavisebur samyaros gamqrali qarTuli warsulisa,
sadac yovelive RirsebiTa da keTilSobilebiT aris gamsWvaluli,
samyaros, romelic mxatvris Sinagan aucileblobad gancdili SegrZnebis
Tavisebur realizacias warmoadgens.
sazRvrebis gaxsnam gza gauxsna informacias da qarTveli mxatvrebic
ukve aqtiurad gaecvnen dasavlur xelovnebaSi mimdinare procesebs.
asparezze gamovidnen oTxmocianelTa sxva warmomadgenlebic: gia
eZgveraZe, gia guguSvili, irakli suTiZe, levan laRiZe, Salva
matuaSvili da sxv., romelTa Semoqmedeba TemaTa sruliad gansxvavebuli
40
gadawyvetiT da Sesrulebis maneriT xasiaTdeba. istoriuli warsulis
romantika da dRevandelobis amaoeba, simbolika da metaforebi, formaTa
erTgvari geometriuloba da sivrcis sibrtyovani gadmocema, yofiTi
aqsesuaris uaryofa da daxvewili grafikuloba, Taviseburi ironia
salonuri xelovnebis mimarT da karnavaluri feradovneba_aseTia am
avtorTa SemoqmedebiTi miswrafebebi.
rogorc cnobilia, 1970-80-iani wlebidan dasavlur xelovnebaSi
mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi SeiniSneba. pirobiTad es tendencia italieli
xelovnebaTmcodnis akile bonito olivas mier saxeldebul iqna rogorc
“transavangardi”. Mman es termini 1979 wels Semoitana Tavis statiaSi,
romelSic Tanamedrove italieli mxatvrebis _ franCesko klementes,
sandro kias, enco kukis, nikola de marias da mimo paladinos
Semoqmedebas ganixilavda. 1982 wels naSromSi “internacionaluri
transavangardi”, romelic man wamyvan evropel da amerikel
kritikosebTan TanaavtorobiT gamoaqveyna, oliva am saxelwodebaSi
aerTianebs neoeqspresionizms, Tavisufal figuratiulobas da sxva post-
modernistul mimarTulebebs. Aamdenad, transavangardi warmoCinda
zogaddasavlur rakursSi gansxvavebuli saerTaSoriso dajgufebebiT,
lokaluri niSnebiTa da TaviseburebebiT. swored am dros daiwyo
kulturuli da mxatvruli memkvidreobis Taviseburi gacnobiereba,
gaizarda interesi Tematuri suraTis mimarT, aqtualuri gaxda bibliuri
da miTologiuri motivebi. Ppost-modernistul mxatvrobaSi
gamoiyeneboda sxvadasxva saxis alegoriebi Tu simboloebi. Aam
mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebi (georg bazelici, markus luperci, anselm
kiferi, penki, Jan-miSel baskia, julian Snabeli da sxv.) daubrundnen
tradiciul gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs, isini aqtiurad mimarTavdnen
ironias, iyenebdnen groteskul xerxebs. sainteresoa, rom TiTqmis amave
periodSi analogiuri tendenciebi SeiniSneba qarTul mxatvrobaSi,
gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT ki i. farjianis, g. buRaZis, l. WoRoSvilis, g.
eZgveraZis nawarmoebebSi.
am Taobas mohyva kidev erTi pleada mxatvrebisa, romlebic sxvadasxva
dajgufebebs warmoadgendnen (“arqivariusebi”, “meaTe sarTuli”,
“marjaniSvilis saxelosno”), Tumca isini didi xnis ganmavlobaSi erTad
41
muSaobdnen, erTad awyobdnen gamofenebs_es mxatvrebia: karlo kaWarava,
ilia zautaSvili, niko cecxlaZe, mamuka cecxlaZe, oleg timCenko da sxv.
maTgan erT-erTi saintereso figura k. kaWarava iyo. Mxatvris
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi Tu saerTo msoflmxedvelobrivi
safuZvlebi germanuli eqspresionizmiT iyo nasazrdoebi, Tumca misi
xelovneba Zalze Taviseburia, igi kargad icnobda transavangardul
esTetikas, rac TavisTavad exmareboda mas axali ideebis am kuTxiT
ganxorcielebaSi. figuratiuli namuSevrebi, mravlismetyveli, TiTqos
sevdanarevi saxeebi, poeziasTan Serwymuli mxatvroba, saerTo
kompoziciis fragmentizacia is arsebiTi Tvisebebia, rac Tan axlavs mis
xelovnebas. Ffaqtobrivad es pleada saerTo ideebis mqone SemoqmedTa
jgufs warmoadgenda, romelic sakuTar individualur SesaZleblobebze
dayrdnobiT axerxebda Tanadrouli dasavluri – post-modernistuli
mxatvruli formebis SeTvisebas. maTi xelovneba, miuxedavad garkveuli
gaucnobierebeli aspeqtebisa, gaazrebuli da nafiqri iyo.
amrigad, XX s-is qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva
aspeqtis ganxilvisas, TvalnaTliv ikveTeba ara marto is etapebi,
romelTac mxatvruli cxovrebis SefasebisaTvis gansazRvruli
mniSvneloba aqvT, aramed mravali mxatvruli movlena, stilisturi
mimarTuleba, romlebic, miuxedavad Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse
istoriisa, qarTul xelovnebaSi mkafiod gamoxatuli, individualuri
xasiaTisa Tu xelweris mqone mxatvarTa SemoqmedebiT aris
ganpirobebuli.
dRevandeli qarTuli mxatvroba iseTive Wreli da mravalferovania,
rogorc mTels msoflioSi. politikurma da pirovnulma Tavisuflebam
Taviseburi zegavlena iqonia mimdinare mxatvrul procesebze _
akrZaluli araferia, arc Tema, arc forma da arc xerxebi. dRes
yvelafers naxavT tradiciuli mxatvrobidan dawyebuli,
ultraTanamedrove teqnologiebiT damTavrebuli _ aqcia, performansi,
hepeningi, videoarti ucxo aRar aris Tanamedrove sazogadoebisaTvis;
magram procesebi imdenad mravalsaxovani da winaaRmdegobrivia, rom
rTuldeba Rirebulisa da mdare xelovnebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna.
amas, albaT droSi distancireba sWirdeba.
42
Tavi II. esma onianis mxatvruli meTodis stilisturi
Taviseburebebi
esma onianis saxeli dRes kargad aris cnobili rogorc
saqarTveloSi, ise mis farglebs gareTac. am saintereso mxatvrisa da
poetis moRvaweoba mniSvnelovan wvlils warmoadgens Tanamedrove
qarTuli xelovnebis ganviTarebaSi. SemoqmedebiT asparezze
gamosvlisTanave e. onianma yuradReba miipyro, rogorc niWierma
xelovanma. mxatvris Semoqmedeba TiTqmis oTxi aTeuli wlis manZilze
ganicdis Tavisebur logikur evolucias sakuTari mxatvruli meTodis,
individualuri sistemis Camoyalibebis gzaze. xelovanis gamorCeuli,
TviTmyofadi xedva 1970-iani wlebidan yalibdeba, Tumca jer kidev 1960-
ian wlebSi Sesrulebuli saukeTeso namuSevrebi cxadyofen mis maRal
profesiul ostatobas.
1957 – 63 wlebSi e. oniani swavlobda Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis
ferweris fakultetze, sadac gamoCenili mxatvris uCa jafariZis
saxelosnoSi man seriozuli akademiuri skola gaiara. igi safuZvelSive
Zalian kargad flobs realisturi mxatvrobis principebs,
damajereblobiT gadmoscems realur formas, moculobas, sivrces. am
droisaTvis Sesrulebuli mravalricxovani etiudebi, SiSveli naturebi,
sakurso namuSevrebi, portretebi naTlad avlenen damwyebi mxatvris
SemoqmedebiT niWs. “studentobis bolo wlebis namuSevrebSi ukve
dajerebuli mxatvris Tvali da xeli mosCans (mamis, s. bolqvaZis, j.
kaSias portretebi). am periodis namuSevrebi udaod sakuTari esTetiuri
Rirebulebis matareblebi arian. mkafiod Cans mxatvar-fermweris
polifoniuri azrovneba, rTuli amocanebis sinTezuri gadawyveta:
asaxvis sagnis xasiaTis danaxva, misi gamovlena naxatSi, kompoziciaSi,
ferweraSi, weris dinamikur maneraSi da a. S.” (xoStaria 2003 : 17 ).
e. onianis studentobis periodi daemTxva im arsebiTi Zvrebis xanas,
roca qarTul saxviT xelovnebaSi gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT dadga
mxatvruli formis srulyofis problema, anu feris, naxatis, kompoziciis
gagebis sakiTxi. “ormocdaaTianelebma” winamorbed TaobaTa SemoqmedebiTi
gamocdilebis Tvisobrivi gadafasebis safuZvelze wamoiwyes Tamami
Ziebebi mxatvrul-ferwerul enasTan mimarTebiT. rogorc cnobilia XX s-
43
is dasawyisSi qarTuli mxatvrobis svla evropuli xelovnebis
kvaldakval, misi organuli ganviTareba 1930-iani wlebisaTvis
xelovnurad SeCerda. mxatvruli specifikis sferoSi Ziebebis ganaxlebas
uaxlesi drois mxatvroba 1950-iani wlebis meore naxevridan ubrundeba.
es periodi qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi xanaa – es
aris gardatexis periodi, romelmac 1960-iani wlebidan Tvisobrivi
cvlilebebis saxe miiRo. qarTuli xelovnebis wiaRSi isaxeba da
viTardeba sruliad axali, socrealizmis xelovnebisagan radikalurad
gansxvavebuli mxatvruli tendenciebi. sxvadasxva ferweruli amocanebis
specifikuri gadawyvetis sakiTxebs aqtiurad aviTareben j. xundaZe, e.
kalandaZe, z. niJaraZe, g. quTaTelaZe, a. varazi da sxva ostatebi. Tavisi
mxatvruli msoflaRqmiT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis konceptualuri da
formaluri Taviseburebebis mkafio gamovleniT e. oniani
ormocdaaTianelTa tradiciebis Rirseul gamgrZeleblad gvevlineba.
1960-ian wlebSi Seqmnili adreuli periodis suraTebi Tavisi arsiT
realisturia da Sesrulebulia tradiciuli akademiuri ferweris
standartul normebSi, Tumca maTSi ukve naTlad ikiTxeba e. onianis
erTgvari midrekileba weris Tavisufali manerisadmi. namuSevrebis
koloristuli gadawyveta SedarebiT muqi, TavSekavebulia da upiratesad
moyavisfro _ moyviTalo, momwvano – monacrisfro tonebzea agebuli.
weris gluvi manera, tilos zedapirze Txlad dadebuli saRebavis fena
gamosaxulebas realistur gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs da igi moculobis,
formis plastikuri modelirebis mniSvnelovan maxasiaTebels
warmoadgens. foni, sivrce, garemo zogjer pirobiTi, aRniSnulia didi
zomis feradovani sibrtyeebiT, zogjer ki mocemulia oTaxis kuTxis Tu
interieris calkeuli detalebis zogadi miniSnebiT.
Sinagani dinamika, Sesrulebis erTgvari eskizuri manera axasiaTebs
janri kaSias portretebs (t/z 118X71, 1963.; t/z 68X48, 1968). 1963 w.
Sesrulebuli namuSevari vertikalur kompoziciur ritms eqvemdebareba.
sasuraTo sibrtyes faqtiurad mTlianad avsebs Zveleburi mrgvali skamis
kideze Camomjdari axalgazrda mamakacis figura. gamomsaxvelia misi
Zlieri xelebi, pirdapiri, mtkice mzera, rac personaJs mkacr
gamometyvelebas aniWebs. 1968 wliT daTariRebul suraTSi gmiris
44
xasiaTis ufro lirikuli gaxsna Cans, rasac misi sevdiani gamoxedva
avlens. mxatvari mimarTavs kompoziciis efeqtur kadrirebas:
portretirebuli gamosaxulia wels zemoT, mxrebis diagonaluri xaziT,
odnav marcxniv gadaxrili Tavis dayenebiT xazgasmulia figuris
metyveli plastika. personaJis Tavisufali, Zaldautanebeli poza
aqcentirebulia skamis sazurgeze Camodebuli marjvena xelis bunebrivi
JestiT.
e. onianis adreul nawarmoebTagan xasiaTis mkveTri gamovlenis
kuTxiT gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs kinoreJisor oTar
ioselianis portreti (t/z 78X58, 1964), romelSic mocemulia
inteleqtualuri adamianis saocrad individualizebuli, fsiqologiuri
saxe. TavisTavSi CaRrmavebuli damwyebi reJisori aRsavsea Sinagani
mRelvarebiT _ is TiTqos wuTiT moswyda Tavis fiqrs da Wkviani mzera
mayureblisaTvis miupyria. didi Sinagani Zalisxmeva, sulieri
koncentracia, Zlieri SemoqmedebiTi muxti naTlad ikiTxeba am
STambeWdavi pirovnebis saxeSi. damTvaliereblis winaSea sakuTar TavTan
martod darCenili moazrovne adamiani. Oo. ioselianis eleganturi poza,
Cacmuloba _ moyavisfro-moruxo halstuxi da sayelo, moyavisfro
Jileti da momwvano velvetis pijaki xazs usvams mis inteligentur
garegnobas.
Mmxatvrul-stilisturi Tu kompoziciuri gadawyvetis msgavsi meTodi
aris gamoyenebuli “pianist manana kovziriZis portretSi” (t/z 100X69,
1967), romelic Tbili, uSualo ganwyobiT aris gamsWvaluli. suraTze
gamosaxulia axalgazrda qalis kadrSi mWidrod CaWedili moculobiTi
figura. taxtze mjdomare qaliSvilis Tavisufali poza, gaSlili
wablisferi Tmebisa da mxrebze daudevrad dafenili TeTri Tavsafris
mousvenari ritmi namuSevars cxovelxatul gamomsaxvelobas,
dinamikurobas aniWebs. gansakuTrebiT mimzidvelia pianistis xelis
mtevnebi, misi grZeli, lamazi TiTebis daxvewili plastika. grZnobaTa
Relvis mTeli amplituda vlindeba mis STagonebul saxeSi.
garkveuli fsiqologiuri niuansebiT aris aRbeWdili “moqandake gogi
Sxvacabaias” (t/z 115X80, 1964), “mweral daviT javaxiSvilis” (t/z 120X80,
1965) portretebi. am personaJebis emociur xasiaTs, Sinagan dinamikas,
45
daufarav SemoqmedebiT muxts naTlad amJRavnebs saxeTa metyveleba,
plastika, koloriti Tu kompoziciuri gadawyvetis Taviseburebani.
amdenad, ganxiluli nimuSebis magaliTze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom e.
onianis adreuli periodis suraTebi jer kidev moklebulni arian
saxovani ganzogadebis Tu mxatvruli gardasaxvis im xarisxs, rac maT
harmoniuli mTlianobis SegrZnebiT warmoaCens. figura, sivrce, feri,
foni am namuSevrebSi jer kidev ar gaerTianebula da gansxeulebula im
mowiTalo Tbil gamaSi, rac mogvianebiT namuSevrebs Tavisebur poetur
JReradobas, romantikul intonacias mianiWebs.
1970-in wlebSi yalibdeba e. onianis originaluri msoflmxedveloba,
individualuri mxatvruli azrovneba da ferweruli manera. Tavs iCens
mxatvris swrafva rTuli ferweruli amocanebis sinTezuri
gadawyvetisadmi. TandaTan, sakmaod kargad gamoxatuli etapebiT icvleba
avtoris damokidebuleba asaxvis obieqtisadmi; sagnobrivi formis
transformireba, sivrce-sibrtyis, tonaloba-feris gamovlena erT mTelSi
e. onianis SemoqmedebiTi interesebis umTavres sagans warmoadgens. 1970-
ian ww. Sesrulebuli mravalferovani tiloebi TavianTi mxatvrul-
stilisturi gadawyvetis TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdebian. am nawarmoebebSi
mkafiod ikveTeba mxatvris Semoqmedebis is sxvadasxva aspeqti Tu
mxatvruli amocana, romlebic am droisaTvis jer kidev erTmaneTisagan
damoukideblad arian warmodgenilni da rasac avtori perioduli
monacvleobiT mimarTavs: erTis mxriv, es aris mimarTuleba, sadac wamyvan
rols TamaSobs plastikur formaTa metyveli pastozuri Zerwva, meores
mxriv _ mTeli rigi suraTebisa, romlebSic naTlad ikiTxeba
sivrcobrivi problematika da swrafva gamaerTianebeli Suq-haerovani
mowiTalo-movardisfro gamis Seqmnisaken.
1970-iani wlebi didad nayofieria esma onianis xelovnebaSi. misi
mxatvruli stili ufro ixveweba, SemoqmedebiTi miznebi ki ufro mkafiod
Camoyalibebul saxes iRebs da erTian sistemad yalibdeba. am etapze
mxatvari gatacebulia materialuri, moculobiTi, mkvrivi formebis
gadmocemiT, rac JReradi, Tamami feradovani SexamebiT miiRweva.
mkafiod saxasiaToa “mweral guram rCeuliSvilis portreti” (t/z
120X80, 1974), romelic weris farTo, pastozuri maneriT aris
46
Sesrulebuli. kompoziciis struqtura diagonalur agebas eqvemdebareba,
rasac sqeli Savi denadi konturiT Semowerili, wiTel savarZelSi
mjdomi personaJis dinamikuri poza da Tavad savarZlis sivrceSi
ganTavseba qmnis. modeli msxvil planSia gamosaxuli da suraTis
zedapiris did nawils ikavebs, rac mas Tavisebur monumentur
gamomsaxvelobas, mniSvnelovanebas aniWebs. nawarmoebis koloristuli
aRqmis centrs personaJis saxisa da xelebis, misi figuris abrisis
aRmniSvneli mowiTalo-moyavisfro, narinjisfer-yviTeli feri
warmoadgens, rac meore planis aqcentebis saxiT gamoZaxils poulobs
ukan gamosaxul fanjrebSi; maTi vertikaluri da horizontaluri
mimarTulebis CarCoebi mxatvruli qsovilis gamaerTianebel funqcias
iTavsebs. intensiurad JReradi ferebi aq maqsimalur saxviT datvirTvas
iZenen, romliTac iqmneba forma, gadmoicema sinaTle, am ukanasknelis
meSveobiT ki _ sivrce. suraTis erTian, eqspresiul faqturul zedapirze
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs axalgazrda mwerlis saxasiaTo,
metyveli saxe, masSi garegnul msgavsebasTan erTad aRniSnulia xasiaTis
zogadi Tvisebebi _ inteleqti, vaJkacuri buneba, udreki nebisyofa.
amgvari mxatvruli amocanebia dasaxuli iseT namuSevrebSi
rogorebicaa: mxatvar amiran tyebuCavas (t/z 107X62, 1977), mocekvave
latavra foCianis (t/z 90X60, 1970), msaxiob lali baduraSvilis (t/z
82X60, 1978) portretebi, romlebsac msuye, lamazi ferwera, dinamikuri
forma da eqspresiuli faqtura gamoarCevs. am TvalsaCino namuSevrebSi
izrdeba swrafva ferweruli gamomsaxvelobisadmi, koloriti mdidrdeba
da mTliandeba, mxatvris palitraze TbilTan erTad uxvad Cndeba civi
tonebi. es kompoziciebi, sada da lakoniuri, vertikalur RerZzea
agebuli; personaJTa poza Tavisufalia, cocxlad aris gadmocemuli
detalebi _ samosi, aqsesuari, Tma, saxis formebi da sxv.
ojaxuri scenebi, ramdenime niu, iSviaTad Tbilisuri peizaJi,
ukanasknel wlebSi Seqmnili didi Tematuri kompoziciebi faqtiurad
gansazRvravs Semoqmedis Janrul diapazons, magram Tavisi mowodebiT igi
WeSmariti portretistia _ e. onianis mxatvruli interesebis qvakuTxeds
adamianis Sinagani cxovreba warmoadgens, romelic realuri movlenebiT
STagonebuli gancdebis, emociebis, Wvretis Tavisebur monacvleobas
47
emyareba. aRsaniSnavia, rom mxatvris suraTebSi gansakuTrebul
JReradobas iZens bavSvobis xatovani mogonebebi, romlebic gamudmebiT
Cndebian da sxvadasxvagvari interpretaciiT warmoCndebian mis poetur,
Rrmad nostalgiur tiloebze. e. onianis mxatvruli samyaro
gasxivosnebulia mogonebebiT ojaxze _ deda, mama, da, naTesavebi Tu
megobrebi misi suraTebis ucvleli gmirebi arian.
1970-iani wlebis meore naxevars ganekuTvneba e. onianis mier
Sesrulebuli SesaniSnavi portretebi, ojaxuri scenebi, SiSveli
figurebi da a. S. , romlebSic mTeli sisavsiT mJRavndeba mxatvris
individualuri xelweris niSnebi. ferweruloba matulobs _ feri am
namuSevrebSi formis gamovlenis umTavres maxasiaTebels warmoadgens da
uzustes naxatTan erTad ama Tu im personaJis, sagnisa Tu movlenis
mkafio daxasiaTebas iZleva. suraTebSi gabatonebulia muqi, intensiuri
mowiTalo-moiisfro koloriti, romelic erTgvari xelovnuri naTebis
STabeWdilebas tovebs da namuSevars eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas
aniWebs. tiloebis ferweruli faqtura erTiani da mkvrivi, zedapiri ki
mdidari da elvarea.
e. onianis originaluri ferweruli azrovnebis Sesaxeb mxatvari j.
xundaZe aRniSnavs: “igi idumalebisa da meditaciisaken feris struqturiT
Sesvlas axerxebs, sagnis gasulierebisaken swrafvas axerxebs” ( xundaZe
2003:275). marTlac, e. oniani intuiciurad Wvrets da gamoxatavs “Zirismier
suls sagnisa, romelic dabadebamdel xsovnaSi iRebs saTaves;
dabadebamde CvenTvis naCveneb CabeWdil aqaur saganTa pirvel nimuSebs
amogvacnobinebs, Cvensave sulSi mZinares” (oniani, 2003:218). sxvadasxva
pirovnebis, sagnisa Tu movlenis asaxvisas mxatvari cdilobs Cawvdes mis
arss da ar kmayofildeba naturuli aRqmiT. piriqiT, ama Tu im sagnis
garegnuli niSnebis zusti gadmocema Tu zedmiwevniTi msgavseba misTvis
damabrkolebelic ki aris arsis Secnobis gzaze, rac e. onianis
namuSevrebis “meditaciur” xasiaTs ganapirobebs. aseTia misi mogonebiTi
xasiaTis ojaxuri scenebi: “dRis meore naxevarSi”, “deda gvikiTxavs”,
“stumrad deidasTan”, romlebSic gulwrfelad mJRavndeba mxatvris
gansakuTrebuli emociuri damokidebuleba im samyaros mimarT, sadac
48
yovelive gamosaxuli erTmaneTTan srul harmoniaSi modis, “saubrobs”
sakuTar arssa Tu mTeli scenis mniSvnelobaze.
magaliTisTvis ganvixiloT nawarmoebi “dRis meore naxevarSi” (t/z.
135X150. 1970). kompoziciis wina planze, suraTis qveda kididan siRrmisaken
ayiravebul magidaze, romelsac erTi SexedviT TiTqos zemodan vxedavT,
“mxatvruli qaosi” sufevs. Tavisufali yviTeli, lurji, Savi da alag-
alag TeTri monasmebiT brutaluri dinamikuri sibrtye iqmneba.
dakvirvebis Sedegad mnaxveli sxvadasxva sagans gamoarCevs: magidis
sibrtyis qveda marcxena kuTxeSi larnakSi Cadebuli Taiguli “ilandeba”,
mis gverdiT diagonalurad mimarTuli dana Cans, marjvena kuTxeSi ki
TiTqos xelis swrafi, wriuli moZraobiT daxatuli SuaSi yviTeli da
garSemo Savi saRebaviT moxazuli TefSi sakuTar wreSi trialebs, es
brunva centrSi dadebuli kovziT neldeba, sakuTar TavSi iketeba. ufro
siRrmeSi qaoturad dadebuli Tavisufali monasmebi saSualebas ar
iZleva raime realuri sagnis garCevisa, mxolod magidis kidesTan mjdomi
gogonas win gamosaxuli muqi naxevarwre kvlav TefSTan asocirdeba.
amgvarad daxatuli magidis zedapiri da nivTebi mnaxvelis Tvalwin
TiTqos pulsirebs da ararealur, magram cocxal, msunTqav obieqtad
gardaiqmneba. am obieqts TiTqmis araferi aqvs saerTo realobasTan,
magram es ukve sxva realobaa, realoba, romelic mxatvris cnobierebaSi
arsebobs, cocxlobs mogonebis saxiT.
avtori analogiuri principiT asaxavs adamianebsac da oTaxis
interiersac. magidis zeda kides ori personaJi uzis _ centrSi magidaze
xelebdawyobili qali mxatvris dedaa, romlis garindebuli, meocnebe
ieri lirikuli gancdis SegrZnebas tovebs. qalis figura CaZirulia
Tavis TavSi, igi TiTqos fizikurad aq imyofeba, magram amavdroulad,
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, ganyenebuli da araamqveyniuria. is ar
amJRavnebs kontaqts arc SvilebTan, arc mnaxvelTan. iqmneba
STabeWdileba, rom es personaJi erTgvari TviTkmari arsebaa, romelic
mxatvrisaTvis dedis miuwvdomel ideals warmoadgens. dedis figuris
marcxniv gamosaxuli gogona saxasiaTo nakvTebiT Tavad mxatvari _ esma
oniania. kompiziciis qveda marjvena kuTxeSi magidas kidev erTi gogona _
mxatvris da uzis. bavSvebis pozebi erTgvarovania, isini morCilad,
49
wynarad sxedan magidis garSemo. lirikuli gancdis elementi dedidan
TiTqos bavSvebsac gadasdebiaT, Tumca maTi Taviseburad SeboWili
pozebi, uSualod mayureblisken mimarTuli dakvirvebuli mzera
gogonebis figurebs erTgvari Sinagani mRelvarebiT msWvalavs. dedis
ganyenebuli ieris sapirispirod bavSvebi koncentrirebuli, seriozuli
gamometyvelebiT realuri adamianebi arian, romlebsac TavianTi
gancdebi, fiqrebi, grZnobebi gaaCniaT; am TvalsazrisiT bavSvebsa da
qalis figuras Soris arsebiTi gansxvaveba ikiTxeba. Sinagani sulieri
moZraobis, dinamikuri impulsis SegrZnebas kidev ufro aZlierebs
figurebis Sesrulebis mxatvruli manera _ farTo, Tavisufali monasmebi,
sqeli dinamikuri Savi konturebi, romlebic Tavisebur plastikurobas,
moculobiTobas, eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs ganzogadebulad
daweril sxeulebs.
oTaxis interieri, romelSic es sami personaJia ganTavsebuli,
Taviseburi damoukidebeli fonismieri garemoa. aq sagnebi TiTqos
sakuTari gancdebiT cxovroben da maT erTgvari personificirebuli
mniSvneloba eniWebaT. metad gamomsaxvelia suraTis qveda marcxena
kuTxeSi mayureblisken zurgiT dadgmuli skami, romlis ucnauri
silueti magidis sibrtyis diagonalur ritms emTxveva. misi Savi,
eqspresiuli forma, romelic sqeli mowiTalo denadi konturiT aris
Semowerili, sazurgeze datanili wagrZelebuli mowiTalo dinamikuri
ovali mudmivi moZraobis, brunvis, zeswrafvis STabeWdilebas badebs.
aseve metyvelia suraTis marjvena kideSi fragmentulad mocemuli
ujrebiani karada. mis damjdar proporciebs, statikurobas Taviseburad
arRvevs zedapirze dadebuli sqeli yviTeli, Savi, TeTri pastozuri
monasmebiT Sesrulebuli mrgvali TefSi, kvlav pulsirebad sxeulad
aRiqmeba, riTac magidaze dawyobil TefSebs exmianeba.
kompoziciis sivrcobrivi struqturis srulyofilad warmoCenas xazs
usvams vertikaluri xazebiT dasazRvruli sibrtyeebi, romlebic
faqtiurad sam nawilad yofs kompozicias. dedis figuris ukan aSkarad
gamokveTili Sua sibrtyea, rac Tavisebur CarCoSi aTavsebs mas. mxolod
guldasmiT dakvirvebis Sedegad SeiZleba gavarCioT kedlis sibrtyis
aqeT-iqiT arsebuli siRrmeebi da sivrceebi_suraTis marcxena mxares
50
gamosaxulia Ria sarkmlis motivi, saidanac aseve dinamikuri, erTgvari
substanciuri konsistenciis mqone ganzogadebuli landSafti mosCans.
gamomsaxvelia marjvena mxares mocemuli, CarCoebiT SemosazRvruli
karebis Riobi, saidanac Sor manZilze gatanili avejis arakonkretuli
silueti meore oTaxis interieris pirobiTi siRrmis efeqts qmnis.
namuSevars mravalSriani ferweris mkvrivi, Suqmfinari faqtura
axasiaTebs. koloristuli TvalsazrisiT igi saocrad cxovelxatulia,
masSi gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva intensiurobis yviTeli da wiTeli
ferebis efeqturi kontrasti, rac Sav laqebTan da dinamikur
konturebTan erTad suraTs eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas, Tavisebur
dramatul JReradobas aniWebs.
sainteresoa, rom msgavs motivs e. oniani kvlav ubrundeba kidev erT
ojaxur scenaSi “deda gvikiTxavs” (t/z. 180X170. 1975), sadac daaxloebiT
identur garemoSi igive personaJebia warmodgenili, Tumca mxatvari aq
gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis Tavisebur transformacias mimarTavs:
gazrdilia namuSevris formati, axlos aris motanili kadri, Secvlilia
koloriti da yovelive aqedan gamomdinare suraTis saerTo
ganwyobilebac. kompoziciis siRrmeSi diagonalurad mimarTuli, TiTqos
amoyiravebuli samagido sibrtye aqac zemodan ikiTxeba. masze
ganTavsebuli sagnebi _ qveda marjvena kideSi moTavsebuli TefSi,
suraTis kididan siRrmisaken diagonalurad mimarTuli dana, larnakSi
Cawyobili yvavilebi, wigni da saSaqre TavianTi ferwerul-plastikuri
gadawyvetiT aq kidev ufro bundovan, aramaterialur datvirTvas iZenen
da personificirebuli iersaxiT warsdgebian mnaxvelis winaSe. sagnebis
amgvar interpretacias aRniSnuli scena erTgvar irealur ganzomilebaSi
gadahyavs.
samagido sibrtyis garSemo aqac zustad igive TanmimdevrobiT arian
warmodgenili suraTis gmirebi – TiTqmis kvadratuli kompoziciis
geometriul centrSi gamosaxulia vardisferi kabiTa da mxrebze Sav
maqmaniani vardisferi mosasxamiT mosili sandomiani deda, romelsac win
gadaSlili wigni udevs. mis gverdiT, marcxniv magidis kidesTan Tavad
mxatvari zis, xolo qveda marjvena kuTxeSi dis figura ikveTeba. iqmneba
STabeWdileba, rom isini erTi ganwyobiT arian damuxtulni, personaJebi
51
TiTqos wuTiT moswydnen kiTxvas, TiToeuli maTganis mzera erTi
konkretuli obieqtisaken aris mimarTuli, rac mTlianobisa Tu
erTsulovnebis Tavisebur SegrZnebas badebs. magram, miuxedavad yovelive
amisa, am namuSevarSi mTeli sisavsiT mJRavndeba bavSvebis daZabuli,
koncentrirebuli xasiaTi, maTi mRelvare emociuri samyaro, rac
sruliad upirispirdeba qalis uSfoTvel iers. dedis uaRresad
keTilSobili, kdemamosili xati, rogorc erTgvari xilva, aq kidev ufro
gaucxoebuli, sakuTar TavSi Caketili da gariyulia.
nawarmoebis ukana plani sibrtyeebad dayofil fonismier garemos
warmoadgens, sadac sqeli, Savi brutaluri sibrtyeebisa da dinamikuri
wiTeli monasmebis efeqturi SeTanxmeba pirobiTi siRrmis STabeWdilebas
iZleva. iluzorulia suraTis zeda marjvena kuTxeSi sarkmlidan
danaxuli “metafizikuri peizaJi”, Tavisebur cocxal substancias
warmoadgens zeda marjvena kuTxeSi Cawerili iasamnisferi yvavilebis
Taiguli. siRrmis gancdas iwvevs “ayiravebuli” magidac, figurebisa Tu
sagnebis ganTavsebac da a. S. , magram es ar aris realuri sivrce, es mxo
lod pirobiTad siRrmis miniSnebaa, rac modernistuli xelovnebis
zogad principebs exmianeba.
gansakuTrebuli sicxoveliT gamoirCeva nawarmoebis koloristuli
gama. igi upiratesad agebulia intensiuri wiTeli, vardisferi, yviTeli,
iisferi laqebisa da dinamikuri Savi konturebis zedmiwevniT metyvel
SeTanxmebaze. mravalfeniani weris manera, elvare, mkvrivi ferweruli
faqtura da mZafri JReradobiT aRbeWdili koloriti namuSevars
eqspresiul gamomsaxvelobas, dramatul intonacias aniWebs.
mogonebis, nostalgiuri gancdis saocar transformacias avlens e.
oniani kidev erT Janrul suraTSi “stumrad deidasTan” (t/z. 200X194.
1977). namuSevris qveda kididan siRrmisaken ganviTarebuli dinamikuri
kompoziciis centrSi gamosaxulia magidis mrgvali brutaluri sibrtye,
romelic zemodan ikiTxeba. masze dadebuli mrgvali TefSi Tu larnakSi
Cadebuli mrgvali Taiguli sakuTar wreSi trialeben, exmianebian magidis
wriul formas da TiTqos erTian ritmul “ferxulSi” ebmebian. suraTis
qveda marjvena kuTxeSi profilSi mocemuli, savarZelSi mjdomi
personaJia gamosaxuli, romelsac xelSi gadaSlili wigni uWiravs,
52
Tumca misi 3/4-iT mobrunebuli saxe faqtiurad aranair konkretul
emocias ar gamoxatavs. sakuTar TavSia Caketili magidis marcxniv
savarZelSi frontalurad Camjdari personaJic, romelic, pozidan
gamomdinare, raRac xelsaqmiT unda iyos dakavebuli. miuxedavad imisa,
rom es figurebi konkretul portretul niSnebs moklebulni arian,
dakvirvebuli damTvalierebeli maT ganzogadebul saxeebSi avtors da
mis das intuiciurad Seicnobs.
namuSevris sasuraTo zedapiri mkvrivi, saocrad erTiani da
organulia. feradovani TvalsazrisiT aq mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
zedmiwevniT cocxali, didi Savi laqa-zolebi, romlebic amavdroulad
suraTis sagnobrivi kompoziciuri formis Tavisebur “karkass” qmnian; maT
Soris ganfenili intensiuri wiTeli, yviTeli, narinjisferi qromatuli
ferebi ki Tavisebur elvarebas iZenen da nawarmoebis dramatul
JReradobas ganapirobeben.
suraTis mTeli fonismieri garemo erTi SexedviT uwesrigod
dadebuli dinamikuri pastozuri monasmebis, brutaluri laqebisa da
eqspresiuli denadi konturebis Tavisebur qaotur konglomerats
warmoadgens, rac raime realuri sagnis garCevis saSualebas faqtiurad
ar iZleva; mxolod siRrmeSi, suraTis ukana planze zogadad dawerili
dinamikuri wriuli formebi Tu didi zomis lokaluri sibrtyeebi
TiTqos Zvelebur lamfasTan, xilis vazasTan, Seminul karebTan
asocirdeba. amgvar bundovan SegrZnebas aZlierebs darRveuli
perspeqtiva, utrirebuli formebi, feradovani laqebis vibracia Tu
idumali gamosxiveba, rac yovelive nivTiers materialurobas ukargavs. es
is modificirebuli “realobaa”, romelic mxatvris warmosaxvaSi ibadeba
da konkretulobis sazRvrebs scildeba. sagnebi Tu movlenebi, romlebic
mxolod miaxloebiT amJRavneben sakuTar raobas, transcendenturni
xdebian; sagulisxmoa, rom aq adamianebic kargaven konkretul gancdebs
da TiTqos Tavisebur niSnebad iqcevian am saerTo mogonebis morevSi.
iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom mTeli es kompozicia erTgvar iracionalur
energetikul nakadSi srbolas warmoadgens, sadac mxatvruli saxeebi
sakuTar odindel funqciebs kargaven da raRac dinamikur velSi
agrZeleben maradiul cxovrebas. yovelive es mayureblis mier erTgvar
53
metafizikur movlenad ganicdeba. warsuli, rogorc maradiulobaSi
gardasuli xsovna da maradiuloba, rogorc erTxel da samudamod
mocemuli metafizikuri samyaro _ aseTia e. onianis poeturi idumalebiT
aRbeWdili xatovani mogoneba. niSandoblivia, rom am mosazrebas
adasturebs Tavad mxatvris sityvebic: “ibadeba adamiani da masSi
maradiulis xsovna, erTianoba usasrulobasTan cincxalia. umetesoba
asakis matebasTan erTad Sordeba maradiul-WeSmarits, iZireba
Semogrovil CenCoSi; maTi suli Zveldeba im mniSvnelobiT, rom uimedod
Sordeba maradiul-Zvels; yvelaze adamianuri sulis adamianebi yvela
asakSi inarCuneben pirveladi, bavSvuri aRqmis simZafres. maTSi arasodes
ar qreba maradisobidan gamoyolili Tvisebebi, “STabeWdilebebi”, ar
neldeba maradiulobis mSobliuri grZnoba. adamianuri dro sasacilod
uZluria daaSoros isini ZiriTad STabeWdileba-sawyiss.” (oniani 2003:47).
amrigad, e. onianis mier 1970-ian wlebSi, drois garkveuli
intervalebiT, Sesrulebuli ojaxuri scenebi ideisa da formis
erTianobis, maTi urTierTganpirobebulobis SesaniSnav nimuSebs
warmoadgenen, romlebSic TvalnaTliv vlindeba avtoriseuli mxatvruli
gardasaxvis Taviseburebebi. erTi SexedviT zemoaRniSnuli namuSevrebi
yofiTi Janris suraTebia, isini TiTqos Cveulebrivi ojaxuri scenebia,
romlebic Cveul garemoSi viTardebian, magram tradiciuli gagebiT
Janris Sinaarsi aq naklebad ikiTxeba. es ufro nostalgiuri xasiaTis
reprezentaciuli suraTebia, sadac personaJebi TiTqos sagangebod
warsdgebian mayureblis winaSe an TviTon modian mnaxvelTan. amgvarad
gaxsnili kompoziciebis reprezentaciul-wardginebiTi xasiaTi erTgvar
qarTul tradiciazec miuTiTebs, rac tipiuri Janruli suraTis
principebs aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeba. Cveulebriv, Janrul suraTSi raRac
konkretuli siuJeti aisaxeba, rac drois gangrZobiTobas gulisxmobs,
reprezentaciuloba ki erTis mxriv, TiTqos aCerebs dros; amavdroulad
aq raRac sxva dro iwyebs muSaobas, Cndeba erTgvari maradiuli dro.
personaJebi erTi SexedviT sakuTar, mSobliur, konkretul garemoSi
arian gansxeulebulni, magram amasTan erTad isini maradiulobaSi
myofoben, sadac moqmedebis gangrZobis SegrZneba ar arsebobs. sivrcec,
romelSic figurebi moqmedeben TiTqos konkretul sagnebs asaxavs, magram
54
Tavisufali, energiuli monasmebi Tu feradovani laqebis vibracia maT
materialur saburvels aclis, sivrces ki realobas ukargavs. amdenad
mayureblis Tvalwin es garemo raRac metafizikur sivrce-sibrtyed
gardaiqmneba; es is irealuri samyaroa, romelic erTdroulad
sivrcobriv-sibrtyobrivia, rac e. onianisaTvis “namdvil” realobas
warmoadgens da TvaliT xilulze ufro realuria.
rogorc dasawyisSi aRiniSna e. oniani safuZvelSive ostaturad
flobs realisturi mxatvrobis principebs, Semoqmedebis adreul etapze
es misi formaTqmnadobis mtkice saZirkvelia, Tumca, rogorc davinaxeT,
mogvianebiT mxatvari Taviseburad “angrevs” kidec am sabaziso sawyiss.
TandaTan, evoluciuri logikis mixedviT, yalibdeba avtoris
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis saxovan-romantikuli wyoba da am
transformaciis permanentuli procesi misTvis sruliad organulad,
harmoniulad mimdinareobs. Cvenis azriT, am TvalsazrisiT
interesmoklebuli ar unda iyos mxatvris erTi, TiTqosda umniSvnelo
studenturi etiudi _ “bebias oTaxi” (m/z. 46,5X31. 1959), romelic
konkretulisa da ganzogadebulis ucnaur sinTezs gvTavazobs. am
kompoziciis marjvena mxares Tavisufali maneriT Sesrulebuli realuri
formebia gamosaxuli. es aris perspeqtivis kanonebiT agebuli, suraTis
siRrmisaken mimarTuli didi Zveleburi magida, masze dalagebuli
naturmorti aseve perspeqtivis kanonebis Sesatyvisad aris ganTavsebuli,
sagnebi siRrmeSi zomiT TandaTan mcirdebian da realuri sivrcis
STabeWdilebas qmnian. am SegrZnebas aZlierebs wina planze gamosaxuli,
mayureblisken piriT mobrunebuli Zveleburi skami, romlis masStaburi
Tanafardoba ukana planze mocemul identur skamTan, vrceli oTaxis
mTel sivrces gadmoscems da suraTSi erTgvari siSoris, manZilis
kategorias amkvidrebs. amis sapirispirod, oTaxis marcxena mxare
absoluturad aramaterialuria, sadac araferi ar aris dakonkretebuli.
aq garkveuli miniSnebebis saxiT gamosaxul saganTa bundovani siluetebi
erTgvari irealuri sinaTlis matarebel substanciebs emsgavsebian, rasac
kompoziciis es nawili realurobis miRma gadahyavs. suraTze gamosaxuli
interieris amgvari uCveulo interpretacia safuZvels gvaZlevs
vimsjeloT, rom aq realuri da metafizikuri samyaro erTmaneTis
55
gverdigverd harmoniulad Tanamyofobs. amdenad realurisa da irealuris
Tanaarsebobis es tendencia, rac Semdgom e. onianis mxatvrobis erT-erT
arsebiT damaxasiaTebel niSnad iqceva, misTvis ara gamogonili, ara
xelovnuri, aramed imTaviTve bunebrivi, organuli, gancdismieria.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, portretis Janri xazgasmulad warmoaCens e.
onianis mxatvrul problemebs, saxviT Ziebebs da individualuri
SemoqmedebiTi formirebis gzas, radgan masSi ufro metad aris
gamovlenili mxatvruli saxis srulyofis mcdeloba da esTetikuri
idealis ganxorcielebisaken swrafva.
koloristuli simdidriTa da sulieri siRrmiT gamoirCeva namuSevari
“deda SaliT” (t/z 91X65, 1972). igi vertikaluri formatis sada
kompoziciaa, romelzec anfasSi mocemuli eleganturi qalbatonia
gamosaxuli. Rrma, JReradi wiTliT dawerili mxrebze dafenili
mosasxami, romelic suraTis koloristul dominants warmoadens,
harmoniulad erwymis namuSevris movardisfro fons, rac sivrcis
tonalur-qromatul modelirebas amkvidrebs da amavdroulad mTlian
ferwerul akords qmnis. metad gamomsaxvelia personaJis metyveli saxe,
misi odnav daZabuli, Wkviani mzera, riTac e. oniani misTvis Zvirfasi,
faqizi sulis mqone adamianis mniSvnelovanebas gadmoscems.
amave periodis ferweris saukeTeso nimuSebs ganekuTvneba iseTi
suraTebi, rogorebicaa: “dis portreti” (t/z 108X63, 1977), “salome
miqelaZis portreti” (t/z 109X63, 1979), romlebSic avtori sulieri
silamaziTa da sinaziT aRbeWdil axalgazrda qalTa saocrad metyvel
mxatvrul saxeebs gadmoscems. faqtiurad es erTgvarovani, sada
portretuli kompoziciebi simaRleSi gaWimul Tavisebur kadrebs qmnian;
maTi figurebis erTgvari reprezentaciuli poza muxlebze dawyobili
xelis mtevnebiT, personaJTa amaRlebul ganwyobas exmianeba. am
namuSevrebis ferweruli wyoba upiratesad muqi wiTelisa da iisferis
ostatur Sexamebas efuZneba, romelSic vlindeba civi_Tbilis tonalur-
qromatuli modelireba, ikiTxeba mowiTalo-xorcisferisa da
monacrisfro-momwvano saRebavebis efeqturi gaTamaSeba. sxvadasxva
specifikuri saxviTi kategoriebiT _ feriT, plastikiT, kompoziciiT,
ritmiT es nawarmoebebi erTi da igive problemebs aerTianebs.
56
ganumeorebeli mxatvrul-esTetikuri RirsebiT aris gamsWvaluli e.
onianis nawarmoebi “SiSveli qali _ saRamo” (t/z 150X130, 1978) “Cemi
mizani ar yofila romelime qalis sxeulis konkretuli, individualuri
Taviseburebebis Cveneba, rodesac SeigrZnoba garkveuli natura” (oniani
2003:171). sazurgian taxtze mwolare niu, misi gaxsnili samosi, yvavilebi
Tu Ria sarkmeli _ es yofiTi detalebi TiTqos qreba da bundovan
xasiaTs iZens. meti sicxadiT aris aqcentirebuli farTo fanjris miRma
mocemuli uSfoTveli garemo _ Tbilisuri peizaJi, Camavali mziT
wiTlad damuxtuli ca, rac namuSevars saocar siTbosa da intims matebs.
“formaluri mxridan es maZlevda saSualebas saintereso ferweruli
moZraobisa _ CamTbar-CawiTlebuli cisa da zafxulis iisfer bindSi
gamomkrTali qalis sxeulis dapirispireba-Serwymisa” (oniani 2003:171).
“Ria fanjrebiT _ mzis Casvlisas Caisferi saRamoebiT” (oniani 2003:228
“plexanovis gamziri saRamos”) e. oniani TiTqos waruvalobis, silamazis
mudmivi arsis miniSnebas cdilobs. amavdroulad igi uSualod
warmarTavs mayureblis yuradRebas nawarmoebis emociuri Sinaarsis
aRqmisaken da mis warmosaxvaSi harmoniulis, amaRlebulis SegrZnebas
badebs.
1970-ian wlebSi e. onianis mier Sesrulebuli niuebi, iseTebi
rogorebicaa: “maradiuli formulebi. mkerdi” (t/z 87X60, 1972), “SiSveli
figura” (t/z 55X46, 1972) da sxv. _ esaa mTliani, uwyveti fiqsirebuli
ganwyobiT dawerili Suqmfinari tiloebi, romelTa ferwerul-
plastikuri temperamenti da Sinagani gracia gulwrfelad amJRavneben
garkveul sulier faseulobebs, rac mxatvris poetur-emociur impulsebs
ukavSirdeba.
1980 – 90-iani wlebi esma onianis Semoqmedebis gvian periods moicavs.
am droisaTvis mkafiod Camoyalibebul saxes iZens sakuTari mxatvruli
meTodis damkvidrebis, samyarosa da misi sivrcul-droiTi
maxasiaTeblebis avtoriseuli gaazrebis intensiuri procesi. suraTebSi
dominirebs samyaros, rogorc erTiani mTelis ferwerul-poeturi gancda,
matulobs filosofiuri gansjis, monumenturobis SegrZneba.
sulier-siRrmismieri datvirTviT Tu filosofiur-WvretiTi xasiaTis
mkveTri gamovleniT “daviT kakabaZis portreti” (t/z. 204X133. 1981) 1980-
57
iani wlebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan nawarmoebs warmoadgens, romelic 1982
wels premirebul iqna, rogorc wlis saukeTeso namuSevari. igi didi
zomis vertikaluri kompoziciaa; suraTis centridan odnav marjvniv
gamosaxulia masiur savarZelSi mjdomi mxatvari. misi naTeli saxe,
maRali Subli, koncentrirebuli, Wkviani mzera sibrZnis niSniT aris
gasxivosnebuli. saxidan mayureblis yuradReba TandaTan gadadis xelis
mtevnebze da muxlebze dadebul gadaSlil wignze, yovelive es
zedmiwevniT gamomsaxveli da koloristulad aqcentirebulia. personaJis
metyveli saxe, xelebi, wigni dawerilia ganzogadebulad, cocxlad,
sqeli pastozuri monasmebiT, rac dinamikuri, mkvrivi, moculobiTi
formis SegrZnebas iZleva. amis sapirispirod mxatvris frontaluri
figura erTgvari sibrtyobriobiT, garkveuli efemerulobiT xasiaTdeba,
misi silueti Taviseburad exmianeba savarZlis ritmul-dekoratiul
struqturas, mis yvavilovan ornamentul zedapirs Tu Savi feris sqel,
denad konturebs. kompoziciis marcxena mxares pirobiTad modelirebuli
samagido sibrtyea gamosaxuli, romelzec minis larnakSi Cawyobili
yvavilebia moTavsebuli. dinamikuri pastozuri monasmebiT Sesrulebuli
wiTeli vardebi, romlebsac garSemo Savi rkaluri sibrtyeebi Semowers,
namuSevris saxovani interpretaciis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementia.
zedmiwevniT efeqturi ferwerul-plastikuri gadawyvetiT igi garkveul
TviTkmar obieqtad, cocxal substanciad aRiqmeba, rasac suraTSi
Taviseburi idumalebis SegrZneba Semoaqvs. kompoziciis zeda nawili,
meore planis aqcentebis saxiT, or sarkmels ukavia. maT elvare
mowiTalo-narinjisfer fonze datanili sxvadasxva formisa Tu
konfiguraciis mqone Savi laqebi kompoziciurad metyvel, dinamikur
landSaftebs, erTgvar metefizikur garemos qmnian.
nawarmoebis koloristuli Tu tonaluri wyoba saocrad
eqspresiulia, sadac mowiTalo-mooqrosfro-moiisfro ferebis daxvewili
monacvleoba dominirebs; amasTan erTad, Zalze efeqturi pastozuri,
sqeli zeTis ferweruli zedapiri aq TiTqos erTgvar Sededebul
sinaTles asxivebs. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba Tavisebur Suq-
Crdilebs Tu naTel-Crdilovan kontrastebs, rac suraTSi Sinagani
dramatizmiT gamsWvalul cocxal impulsebs amkvidrebs. naTeli da muqi
58
areebis cxovelxatuli dapirispireba amavdroulad arRvevs
gamosaxulebis Tavisebur sibrtyobriobas da masSi sivrce-garemos
iluzoruli efeqti Semoaqvs.
“esma oniani am nawarmoebSi hqmnis ara Cveulebriv, ara tipiur nimuSs
portretuli Janrisa, aramed e. w. gansakuTrebuli socialuri Tu
kulturuli Rirebulebis, eris saamayo piris mxatvrul saxes, rac
asaxvis obieqtis damatebiT maxasiaTeblebs gulisxmobs: misi
mniSvnelovanebis, misi gansakuTrebulobis, kerZod, gamorCeuli
xelovanis mxatvruli saxis Seqmnas, mis interpretirebas da Sesabamisad
mxatvris damokidebulebis Tu “SefasebiTi msjelobis” gadmocemas”
(xoStaria 2003: 25).
sayuradReboa, rom Tavis SesaniSnav eseSi, romelic mxatvarma d.
kakabaZes miuZRvna, e. oniani wers: “qarTuli ferweruli gemovnebis
aRzrdisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs daviT kakabaZis SemoqmedebiT
memkvidreobas, romelic Tumc mravalricxovani ar aris, samagierod
TavisTavSi moicavs da masSi, rogorc TeslSi, mowurulia da Sekrul-
SebirTvulia yvela is aucilebeli miniSneba, romelTa danaxva-aRmoceneba
uaRresad saWiro da mniSvnelovani TvisebebiT gaamdidrebs qarTul
ferweras da misi ganviTarebis swori gziT warmarTvas Seuwyobs xels...
... ritmuli wesrigi, yovelive gamosasaxavi detalis mniSvnelovnad
gamocxadeba da mowodeba, saerTo mTelSi maT Soris erTnairad rolebis
ganawileba, mTels damorCileba da mTeliT ganpirobebuli maTi arseboba,
ornamentuli naWedoba, saTqmelis ritmul-dekoratiul RerZze dayrdnoba
– ai, ra unda viswavloT misgan” (oniani 2003:63). garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,
albaT simboluria isic, rom e. onianis es naazrevi mniSvnelovanwilad
mis sakuTar mxatvrul xedvasac esadageba.
niSandoblivia, rom e. oniani kvlavac agrZelebs da warmatebiT
aviTarebs gansxvavebuli specifikis mqone struqturuli niSnebis erT
mxatvrul wyobaSi integrirebis rTul xazs. mis bolodroindel
namuSevrebSi jamdeba yovelive saukeTeso, rasac mxatvarma wina wlebSi
miaRwia. maTSi safuZvlianad aris Tavmoyrili da sinTezirebuli
mxatvris Ziebebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi _ plastikur formaTa
ferweruli Zerwva, civi (iisferi) da Tbili (vardisferi) ferebis
59
niuansireba specifikur, Suq-haerovan mowiTalo gamaSi. amavdroulad mis
winaSe ikveTeba axali amocanebi _ stilizebuli, ganzogadebul-
monumentalizebuli, zogjer abstrahirebis zRvarTan mdgomi lakoniuri
formebis gadmocema.
msubuqi sevdiT, mogonebiT-nostalgiuri ganwyobilebiT aris
gamsWvaluli e. onianis ferweruli tilo “deda krepdeSinis kabaSi” (t/z
120X110, 1987). aRsaniSnavia, rom amgvari xasiaTis gadmocemas aq sasuraTo
wyobis yvela komponenti emsaxureba _ kompoziciis warmodgeniT-
reprezentaciuli ageba, formis modelireba, koloriti. quCaSi, Zveli
saxlebis fonze gamosaxulia sami frontalurad dayenebuli personaJi:
axalgazrda, nazi deda da seriozuli bavSvebi _ mxatvris da da Tavad
avtori. figurebis es erTgvari frontaluri simkacre Taviseburad
rbildeba aqcentebis asimetriuli, cocxali ganlagebiT _ saxlis, xis,
fanjris masStabebis moTamaSe cvliT da ra Tqma unda Camavali mzis
yovlismomcveli mewamuli SuqiT, romelSic TandaTan iZireba mTeli es
elegiuri scena.
sagulisxmoa, rom Tavis saukeTeso portretebSi e. oniani axerxebs
gadaWras rTuli koloristuli, kompoziciuri da ritmuli sakiTxebi.
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis sistemaSi CarTulia tilos formatic,
fonisa da figuris urTierTSeTanxmeba, mxatvruli saxis gaxsnas
emsaxureba siluetic da TiTqos umniSvnelo detalebic. am mxriv
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs nawarmoebi “mama bolo xanebSi” (t/z.
112X93. 1988). es cxovelxatuli kompozicia pirobiTad gayofilia or
nawilad odnav daxrili diagonaluri xaziT, romelsac personaJis 3/4-iT
mobrunebuli korpusi da interieris Taviseburi sibrtye qmnis. suraTis
wina planze gamosaxuli mjdomare moxucis figura mkveTrad aris
miweuli TiTqmis kvadratuli tilos marcxena kideSi. misi daRlili,
moSvebuli sxeuli, muxlebze dakrefili moTenTili xelebi personaJis
simSvides, udrtvinvelobas gadmoscems, igi TiTqos gamijnulia
garesamyarosagan da Tavisi sulis wiaRSi imzireba. sul sxva emociebs
aRZravs suraTis marjvena mxares warmodgenili sqeli, eqspresiuli
monasmebiT Sesrulebuli sarkmlidan danaxuli ganzogadebuli peizaJuri
foni, romelsac tilos umetesi nawili uWiravs. igi Sesdgeba Taviseburi
60
abstraqtuli formebisagan, romlebmac SesaZloa garkveuli konkretuli
asociaciebi warmoqmnan. suraTis marjvena zeda ares moicavs didi zomis
mowiTalo sibrtye, romelzec Savi xazebiT sqematurad daxatuli,
usasrulobaSi gafrenili Citebia gamosaxuli, mis qvemoT muqi wiTeli da
yavisferi rkaluri formis laqebia datanili, zustad suraTis centrSi
moTavsebuli alisferi wiTeli laqa uzarmazari Camavali mzis
STabeWdilebas tovebs, romelSic Taviseburad fokusirdeba mTeli es
mistikuri kompozicia. Tavisi arsiT es aris zedmiwevniT daZabuli,
dramatuli garemo, romelic TiTqos erTianad TrTis da vibrirebs
raRac saSiSroebis molodinSi. igi gamsWvalulia garkveuli simboluri
intonaciebiT, rac mxatvris mZafr SegrZnebebs, egzistenciur tkivilebs
exmianeba. zemoT naTqvamidan gamomdinare, yovelive Zalauneburad iwvevs
asociacias e. onianis poetur striqonebTan:
“nakvesebis” ydis Sida mxares im patara asoebiT miyuJuli winadadeba
mereRa vnaxe, roca Suqi saxeSi yviTlad Cagqvaveboda. . .
. . . “Citebi modian CemTan keTili”.
axla Wyivian kviparosebSi,
almurian cis dasavalze,
gadmoiqroles bagebis mxridan,
Savi elvebiT zeca daxazes,
ivlisis mzeSi iwvis Tbilisi”... (oniani 2003:175 “moulodneli
gagrZeleba _ mama”).
Seudarebelia nawarmoebis ferweruli JReradoba. saocrad intensiuri
koloriti miRebulia moyavisfro-mowiTalo, mooqrosfro-alisferi
tonebiT, romlebic Signidan Rvivis da anaTebs. forma, feri, xazi aq
ayvanilia mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis iseT xarisxSi, rom realuri
bunebrivi formebi adamianis azrebisa Tu grZnobebis upirobo
matareblebi xdebian.
e. onianis SemoqmedebiTi meTodis Sinagani ganviTarebis logikur
Sedegs TvalnaTliv warmoaCens nawarmoebi “Cemi da xatavs” (t/z 154 X 120
1989), sadac avtori uaRresad sada, lapidaruli xerxebiT aRwevs
mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis maqsimalur siZlieres. zemodan danaxuli
kompozicia, emociurad metyveli wiTeli koloristuli gama, efemeruli
61
formebi, deformaciebi, mousvenari ritmi Tu suraTis struqturis
erTgvari kadrirebuli specifika namuSevars Tavisebur iracionalur
JReradobas aniWebs. suraTze avtorisaTvis tradiciuli ojaxuri scenaa
warmodgenili. “erTi SexedviT, Cveulebriv Janrul scenebsa da maT
sayofacxovrebo mistikaSi lirikuli diskursi SeumCnevlad gadadis
ferweruli ambis TxrobaSi, ase vTqvaT, lirikul narativSi. es Janruli
scenebi suraTidan suraTamde Janrul motivebad formdeba da erTgvari
cikluri xdomilebis iers iZens.Kkidev meti, Taviseburi epikuri
Tqmulebis, sagis formad gvevlineba” (andriaZe 2003:238). Kkompoziciis
centrSi, odnav marcxniv, suraTis siRrmisaken diagonalurad mimarTuli,
TiTqos amoyiravebuli samagido sibrtye ikveTeba. Mmis marcxena kidesTan
fexze mdgomi, magidaze idayvdayrdnobili gogonaa gamosaxuli. igi
mayureblisaken zurgiT aris mobrunebuli, misi sifrifana figura
faqtiurad yovelgvari modelirebis gareSe dadebuli wiTeli da
vardisferi lokaluri laqebiT aris gadmocemuli. Mmagidis marjvena
kuTxesTan profilSi gamosaxuli mjdomare qalis sruliad efemeruli
figura ilandeba, romelsac win gadaSlili wigni da anTebuli lamfa
udevs. suraTis qveda marjvena kuTxeSi aseve sruli efemerulobiT
aRbeWdili gogonas frontaluri naxevarfigura ikiTxeba. aRsaniSnavia,
rom TavianTi ferweruli gadawyvetiT isini savsebiT erwymian namuSevris
fonismier garemos, iRvrebian kidec mis wiaRSi da nawarmoebSi figura-
sivrcis fenomens amkvidreben. “es erTi masalisagan Semqnili figura-
sivrce erTiani ganxorcielebuli samyaroa, isini erTi nivTierebisagan
arian Seqmnilni... ... suraTSi sufevs sivrcisa da figurebis Tanaarseboba,
maTi Sinagani Sesatyvisoba, rac varaudobs sxeulisa da sivrcis
ltolvas erTmaneTisaken, maT harmoniul urTierTSeRwevas” (anTelava
2008:8). suraTis zeda nawilSi, ukana planze fragmentulad mocemuli
kolorituli aivnis ornamentuli moajiri da erTmaneTTan mijriT
mdgomi, “SeyuJuli” saxlebia gamosaxuli, romelTa martivi geometriuli
formebi, asimetriuloba Tu dekonstruqciuli ieri namuSevris saerTo
kompoziciur ritms eqvemdebareba da mxatvris xatovan striqonebs
mogvagonebs:
“gadairbenen SuSabandebi alavardnil oTxkuTxedebad,
62
wiTel fanjrebSi, elvars yvelafers,
Camavali mzis ali edeba” . . .
(“mokle fiqrebi sami konkretuli gadaxveveiT”. Eoniani, 2003:199)
nawarmoebis koloristuli dominanti aq saRamos mzis mewamuli feria,
romelic Taviseburad cocxldeba masSi alag-alag ganfenili
movardisfro-moiisfro, mooqrosfro-moyavisfro tonebiT. “mzis simuqis
bolo burusi” (oniani) suraTSi zedmiwevniT emociur sivrce-garemos
qmnis. “mis suraTebSi, marTlacda, yovelgvari konformizmisagan
ganZarcvuli, gamabruebeli saRamoebia gayuCebuli, saRamoebi,
cnobamixdili xsovnis sicxadiT rom amoifrqveva motkbo varvarad. Mmere
es unelebeli saRamo lRveba, CamoiRvenTeba, tkbil narinjisfer vanilad
ifrqveva da am surnelSi sul mTlad binddeba . . . esec esmaseuli
sensibiliebia!” (andriaZe 2003:241). Ees ucnauri kompozicia erTian
energetikul nakadSi brunavs, mogonebis morevSi inTqmeba da erTgvar
zmanebas emsgavseba, sadac yovelive kargavs materialur safuZvels da
realobis sazRvrebs Sordeba.
1980 – 90-ian wlebSi e. onianis mier Sesrulebul nawarmoebTa
stilisturi Taviseburebani naTlad avlenen mxatvris Semoqmedebis axal
niSnebs. gamosaxulebaTa didi siRrmiT da erTgvari monumenturi
lirizmiT gamoirCeva ira Toduas (t/z. 110X66. 1986), salome bolqvaZis
(t/z. 93X63. 1983), manana gedevaniSvilis (t/z. 65X55. 1987), lali
javaxiSvilis (t/z. 110X65. 1984) SesaniSnavi portretebi, romlebSic
upiratesad modelis aristokratuli momxibvleloba, qaluri
kdemamosilebaa xazgasmuli. mxatvruli gardasaxvis TvalsazrisiT,
qalTa saxeebis am STambeWdav galereaSi, gancalkevebiT dgas “Tamar
mamulaSvilis portreti” (t/z. 127X68. 1997), sadac avtori formaTa
efeqtur stilizacias, proporciebis mkveTr utrirebas mimarTavs, riTac
mxatvrul saxes erTi SexedviT ucnaur, metad saxasiaTo iers sZens.
namuSevris vertikalur sibrtyes mTlianad avsebs did savarZelSi Rrmad
Camjdari eleganturi natura, romelsac gulsmibneuli uzarmazari vardi
amSvenebs. maRali Subli, medidurad zeaweuli warbebi, Wkviani gamoxedva
personaJs Sinagani Rirsebis grZnobiT aRavsebs. mniSvnelovanebis
STabeWdilebas kidev ufro aZlierebs suraTis formalur elementTa
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gamomsaxveloba _ mkacri kompoziciuri sqema, lakoniurad mocemuli
stilizebuli formebi Tu daxvewili tonaluri gadasvlebiT mdidari
mowiTalo-movardisfro koloriti.
ideis vizualur-plastikuri xorcSesxmis Cinebul nimuSebs
warmoadgenen e. onianis namuSevrebi ciklidan “samoTxe”: “aha, RmerTma
evac Seqmna”, “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...”, “gaoceba”, “mdinaresTan” da
sxv., romlebSic mxatvari pirvelqmnili samyaros harmoniiTa da
simSvidiT aRbeWdil ganzogadebul suraT_xatebs qmnis. niSandoblivia,
rom am Suqmfinar tiloebze gaSlili intensiuri mowiTalo-movardisfro,
moyviTalo-mooqrosfro ferebi erT mTlianobaSi warmoadgenen rogorc
formas, aseve mis garemomcvel sivrcobriv areals. irealur, Ria,
usazRvro sivrceSi gansxeulebuli, faqtiurad Suq-Crdilis gareSe
dawerili figurebi, sagnebi (vardebi, SroSanebi), pirobiTi reliefi
TavianTi adgilisa da mniSvnelobis mixedviT gadanawildebian
vertikalur sibrtyeze, rac abstrahirebul-monumentalizebuli
kompoziciebis simyaresa da Sinagan wonasworobas gansazRvravs. Temisa
Tu motivebis originaluri interpretacia, gamartivebuli mxatvruli
formebisa da kaSkaSa mewamuli koloritis maqsimaluri gamomsaxveloba
“samoTxis” avtoriseul suraTebs ganumeorebel emociur JReradobas,
raRac fantastikur elfers aniWebs.
am seriis qronologiurad yvelaze adreuli namuSevari “samoTxed”
iwodeba (t/z 125X110. 1987). simaRleSi wagrZelebuli kompozicia
moyavisfro-mowiTalo garemoSi Caweril or SiSvel figuras warmoadgens.
figurebs kompoziciis mTeli simaRle uWiravT, win gamosaxuli personaJi
odnav dabalia momdevnoze da Zalze Zunwad miniSnebuli formebiT qals
ganasaxierebs, mis zurgs ukan ki aseve frontalurad gamosaxuli
mamakacis figuraa. es albaT adami da eva arian. sada, martivi, erTi
SexedviT banaluri kompozicia erTgvar reprezentaciul xasiaTs
atarebs. figurebi TiTqos sagangebod warsdgebian mayureblis winaSe da
gulisxmoben kidec mas. amasTan isini Taviseburi pirvelqmnili sisadaviT,
erTgvari gulubryvilo, naivuri ganwyobiT xasiaTdebian. Mmuqi
moyavisfro foni TiTqos sagangebod wamoswevs win wiTel figurebs. isini
mSvidad dganan, maTi statikuri pozebi erTgvari garindebis
64
STabeWdilebas qmnis. wiTliT dawerili sxeulebi maqsimalurad
ganzogadebulia, ar aris mkafiod gamokveTili arc erTi nakvTi,
saxeebzec ki. miuxedavad amisa es figurebi TiTqos xelSesaxebia,
masStaburia, maTi formebi daunawevrebeli, mTliania; TiToeuli forma
Tavisebur blokurobas iZens da mnaxvelSi erTgvari masiurobis
SegrZnebas badebs. Tumca iqmneba garkveuli paradoqsuli situacia _
laqebiT, Tavisufali monasmebiT dawerili forma wesiT sibrtyobrivi
unda iyos; igi arc Suq-CrdiliT muSavdeba, arc mkafio sazRvrebi gaaCnia,
miuxedavad amisa mis miRma masa igrZnoba da plastikurobis elementebic
gamosWvivis. magaliTisaTvis adamis marjvena xeli SeiZleba moviyvanoT,
romelic feriT odnav aris diferencirebuli, SedarebiT muq zols
ufro Ria tonis wiTeli enacvleba. amgvarad am umartivesi xerxiT
mxatvari erTgvari pirobiTobis farglebSi aRwevs simrgvalis,
moculobis iluziis Seqmnas. am xerxiT dawerili personaJebis kidurebi,
gansakuTrebiT ganze gadgmuli fexebi, myar safuZvels uqmnis figurebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom centraluri nawili isea dawerili, rom maT Soris
sazRvari waSlilia da isini TiTqos erTmaneTSi gadaedinebian, riTac
suraTis centrSi ganuyofel bloks qmnian. yovelive es maT mTlianobaSi
aRqmas uwyobs xels.
figurebis garSemo moyavisfro-mowiTalo foni win wamoswevs da
gamokveTs personaJebs Camuqebuli “garemodan”. Tavad garemo Zalzed
pirobiTia. dakonkretebuli aqac araferia. Ffaqtiurad es aris muqi foni,
romelzec suraTis kuTxeebSi samoTxis mimaniSnebeli yvavilebia
gamosaxuli. suraTis oTxive kuTxe TiTqmis Tanabrad aris datvirTuli
am gamosaxulebebiT, rac kompoziciis simetriul da gawonasworebul
xasiaTs ganapirobebs. sagulisxmoa, rom arc mcenareebis weris manera
gamoirCeva gansakuTrebuli konkretikiT. zeda kuTxeebSi, muq yavisfer
mozrdil laqebze dadebulma mrgvalma formebma, wiTelma laqebma
SeiZleba sxvadasxva asociacia gamoiwvios maSin, rodesac qveda nawilSi
gamosaxuli yvavilebi SedarebiT ufro detalurad aris amoxatuli;
Sesrulebis amgvari xerxiT mxatvari TiTqos suraTis qveda nawils wina
planad ganacdevinebs mnaxvels, Tumca ki aq realurad planebze saubari
faqtiurad SeuZlebelia. yvavilebis garemocvaSi daxatuli qalisa da
65
mamakacis figurebi aRiqmebian rogorc adami da eva, magram isini saRamos
bindSi iZirebian. uCveulo da aratradiciulia samoTxis saRamos xati,
magram es e. onianiseuli samoTxea.
kompoziciaSi “aha, RmerTma evac Seqmna” (t/z 100X80. 1988) simaRleSi
mocemul formatze suraTis mTeli vertikali or figuras uWiravs.
namuSevari cecxlisfrad Rvivis da am saerTo wiTel feradovnebaSi erTi
SexedvisTanave ikveTeba yavisfriT moniSnuli, erT monoliTad Sekruli
ori figura, romelic simaRleSi mTlianad avsebs sasuraTe sibrtyes,
erTgvarad iWedeba kidec masSi. suraTis geometriul centrSi qalis
figuraa warmodgenili, romelsac marcxnidan da odnav ukan misken
mobrunebuli mamakacis figura udgas. Cven vsaubrobT figurebze, magram
aq maTi uzogadesi konturebia gamokveTili, romlebic faqtiurad
daxatuli ar aris. maTi masiuri, monumenturi formebi dasazRvrulia
odnav gadRabnili, arakonkretuli yavisferi “konturebiT”. saxisa da
mkerdis monakveTebi mxolod am konturebs Soris moqceuli wiTeli
sibrtyeebis saxiT warmogvidgeba. personaJebs Tavebi erTmneTze aqvT
midebuli. mxrebis xazi TiTqos wriulad eSveba qvemoT da welTan maTi
xelebi erTmaneTs xvdeba. Tumca konkretulad arc xelebia gamosaxuli
da arc xelis mtevnebi. am jgufis zeda nawili erTgvarad wreSi
Caketili monoliTia, romlis centrSic iribad datanili gadRabnili
yavisferi laqebi evas mkerds gamohyofs. aseTive, odnav ufro muqi
yavisferi laqebiT aris moniSnuli evas Tma misi marcxena mxris gaswvriv.
am Caketili erTiani wriuli formidan qvemoT dinamikuri yavisferi
farTo monasmebiT Zalze pirobiTad miniSnebulia am formebis masiuri,
tlanqi qveda kidurebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom am monoliTuri jgufis
konkretuli formebi mkafiod dasazRvruli ar aris, isini mainc
erTgvari simZimisa da materialurobis STabeWdilebas qmnian, wiTeli
sibrtyis miRma figurebis erTgvari xorcieleba mainc SeigrZnoba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom namuSevarSi arc erTi detali plastikurad
modelirebuli ar aris da verc iqneba, imitom rom wiTeli sibrtyis
feria, magram mxatvari mainc axerxebs wonadobis SegrZnebis gadmocemas.
amaSi gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs erTi SexedviT uxeSi da
gadRabnili, magram amave dros Zalian zusti da maxvili yavisferi
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laqebi, romliTac mxatvari mxolod mianiSnebs da ar amodelirebs
formas. amgvari miniSnebebiT mnaxveli erTgvarad asrulebs formas
sakuTar warmosaxvaSi, is TiTqos erTgvari Tanamonawile xdeba suraTis
saboloo saxis CamoyalibebaSi. damjdari, jmuxi proporciebis mqone
figurebi, formebi erTgvari masiurobis, monumenturobis SegrZnebas
iZlevian. sainteresoa isic, rom maT saxeebze arc erTi detali ar aris
miniSnebuli, figurebi absoluturad impersonalurni arian, rac
azrobrivad albaT samoTxis Temas exmianeba, Tumca maT midebul TavebSi,
gadaWdobil xelebSi Taviseburi sufTa impulsi gamosWvivis, Cans am
tlanqi arsebebis erTgvari siaxlove, organuli kavSiri, adamianuri
Tanaziaroba. amrigad, erTis mxriv, aq ikveTeba impersonaluroba, meores
mxriv, adamianuri Tanagancda, urTierTkavSiri, Semodis Taviseburi
grZnobismieri elementi. miuxedavad imisa, rom mxatvari konkretulad ar
amoxatavs arafers, am ganzogadebulSi is calkeuli niuansebiT axerxebs
gadmosces figurebis urTierToba da am urTierTobis emociuri muxti.
am STabeWdilebis gaZlierebas emsaxureba ramdenime fonismieri
detali suraTis qveda marcxena da marjvena kideebSi. esaa Zalze
Tavisufali, energiuli monasmebiT dadebuli muqi lurji, TeTri da
yviTeli laqebi, romlebic kargad dakvirvebisas samoTxis yvavilebad
warmogvidgebian. marjvena mxares ufro mkafiod ikiTxeba moyviTalo-
moTeTro yvavili _ SroSani, romelic Sua saukuneebSi ubiwoebis
simbolo iyo da bunebrivia, rom igi evas fexebTan aris gamosaxuli.
xolo marcxena mxares am laqebSi Tvalma yvavilis bundovani forma
SeiZleba dalandos. aRsaniSnavia, rom es ori laqa suraTis qveda
nawilSi erTgvar simyares aZlevs da saZirkvels uqmnis figurebis zeda
masiur monumentur nawils. suraTis marjvena are Sevsebulia Zalze
Tavisufali, pastozuri, moyviTalo-mocisfro, moyavisfro monasmebiT,
romlebic kidev ufro aZliereben namuSevris eqspresiul
gamomsaxvelobas.
sainteresoa, rom nawarmoebi faqturuli TvalsazrisiT ar aris
erTgvarovani, rac SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos. adamisa da evas zeda nawili
(saxe, mkerdi) gluv sibrtyes warmoadgens. am gluvi sibrtyis garSemo
gamoyenebuli pastozuri monasmebi eqspresiul sibrtyeebs qmnian. isini
67
TiTqos kraven, sazRvraven suraTis centrs. miuxedavad imisa, rom es
nawilebi feradovani TvalsazrisiT diferencirebuli ar aris, es
moZravi brutaluri sibrtye TiTqos sagangebod gamoyofs adamisa da evas
urTierTdamokidebulebas.
marTlac, wiTeli am namuSevris dominanti feria, masSi alag-alag
CawveTebuli yviTeli, narinjisferi, lurji Tu TeTri Taviseburad
acocxlebs, amravalferovnebs suraTis kolorits, ametyvelebs wiTels.
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT am namuSevars enaTesaveba “gaoceba” (t/z
120X78. 1989). simaRleSi gaWimuli vertikaluri formatis centrSi
gamosaxulia ori erTmaneTis pirispir mdgomi figura. maTi uzogadesi
siluetebi aqac gamokveTilia muqi feris gadRabnili laqebiTa da didi
zomis moyavisfro-mowiTalo monasmebiT. qalisa da mamakacis
monumenturi figurebi pirispir dganan. TiTqos es ori figura win
gadaxrili TavebiT erTmaneTis mimarT mowiwebas, rids gamoxataven da
amiT kavSirs amyareben, romelsac mnaxveli Zalian cxadad SeigrZnobs.
qalis figura 3/4-iT aris odnav mobrunebuli, mamakaci TiTqos profilSi
aRiqmeba. yovelive amiT isini qmnian Sekrul kompoziciur birTvs, romlis
garSemoc viTardeba foni. formaTa moculobiT-plastikuri damuSaveba
zedmiwevniT pirobiTia. yovelnairi Suq-Crdilis gareSe, Taviseburi
amonaTebebisa da Camuqebebis saSualebiT mxatvari gamoyofs sxeulis
calkeul nawilebs. qalis figura SedarebiT ufro “damuSavebulia”.
garkveuli feradovani modelirebiT aris gamokveTili misi mkerdi, tani,
daSvebuli xeli, qveda kidurebi saocrad gamartivebuli da pirobiTia.
mamakacis gamosaxuleba faqtiurad sruli efemerulobiT xasiaTdeba.
gverdebidan figurebi isazRvreba muqi yavisferi laqebiT. amdenad es
aris sakmaod didi, mkveTrad gamoyofili Caketili struqtura sasuraTo
sibrtyeze. gansakuTrebiT metyveli da gamomsaxvelia mamakacis idayvSi
moxrili xelebis Jesti. xelis mtevnebi ar aris dakonkretebuli, igi
ganzogadebuli da utrirebulia, sxeulTan SedarebiT proporciulad
sakmaod didi da tlanqia, rac xazs usvams am Jestis mniSvnelovanebas.
aRsaniSnavia, rom nawarmoebis erTgvar fsiqologiur Tu ideur gasaRebs
swored mamakacis xelebi qmnis, romliTac is TiTqos raRac Zalian
Zvirfass faqizad da rudunebiT atarebs. suraTis kompoziciuri ritmi,
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personaJebis mTeli yuradReba, Sinagani impulsi Tu garegnuli dinamika
am JestSi fokusirdeba; swored es motivi exmianeba da gamoxatavs
nawarmoebis saTaursac _ gaocebas, rac TvalnaTliv axasiaTebs am
ucnauri arsebebis mTel plastikas. niSandoblivia, rom personaJebis
erTi SexedviT statikuri da mSvidi pozebisa, mnaxveli mTeli sisavsiT
SeigrZnobs maT Sinagan moZraobas, erTgvar daZabulobasac ki, albaT
iseTs, rogorsac adamiani raRac amoucnobis amoxsnis Tu saidumlos
gaziarebis dros ganicdis. ase Semodis aq (“gaocebaSi”) adamianuri
Tanaziarobis gancda Tu grZnobismieri sawyisi, riTac mTlianad aris
gamsWvaluli es kompozicia. am STabeWdilebis gamZafrebas emsaxureba
nawarmoebis foni. suraTis zeda nawils Taviseburad sazRvravs farTo
moyavisfro monasmebiT Sesrulebuli rkaluri sibrtyeebi, rac erTgvari
TaRis STabeWdilebas tovebs. igi erTgvarad miuyveba personaJebis
moZraobas da TiTqos mfarvelobs maT. TaRis zemoT usasrulo alisferi
sivrcea ganfenili. alisferi mogrZo denadi konturebis mqone laqa,
romelic erTis mxriv gamijnavs figurebs da amavdroulad aerTianebs
kidec maT, cecxliviT gizgizebs personaJebs Soris. rogorc wina
namuSevris SemTxvevaSi, aqac suraTis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia
yviTeli yvavili, romelic evas gverdiT, kompoziciis qveda marcxena
kideSia warmodgenili. qalis figuris zemoT, muq yavisfer brutalur
zedapirze moniSnulia vardebi. wiTeli aqac dominanturi feria. mxatvari
iyenebs fers mTeli Tavisi gradaciebiT _ mowiTalo_yavisferidan Ria
vardisferamde.
identuri mxatvrul – stilisturi Taviseburebebi vlindeba samoTxis
ciklis kidev erT suraTSi “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes. . .” (t/z. 144X87.
1988). aqac aRebulia tilos vertikaluri formati, Tumca unda aRiniSnos,
rom figurebs am kompoziciaSi faqtiurad aRar ukaviaT is centraluri
mdgomareoba. sivrcis umetesi nawili uWiravs pirobiT, ganzogadebul
garemos, sadac adamiani da buneba erTmaneTTan srul harmoniaSi modian.
pirveli, rac mnaxvels TvalSi xvdeba, es aris figurebis erTiani
vertikaluri bloki, romelic centridan marjvniv aris gadaweuli.
imTaviTve naTlad Cans, rom es aris 3/4 – iT gamosaxuli SiSveli figura,
magram yuradRebiT dakvirvebis Sedegad damTvaliereblis Tvali gaarCevs
69
erT arsad Sekrul or sxeuls. zurgiT gamosaxul figuras gulSi
Caukravs meore, romlis sxeulis mxolod mcire nawili mosCans pirveli
figuris gaswvriv. maTi rakursebi SerCeulia ise, rom qalis
frontalurad dayenebul figuras mayurebeli mxolod fragmentulad
aRiqvams. rbili, muqi moyavisfro konturiT aqcentirebulia misi mkerdi,
intensiuri wiTeli laqa ki misi tanis nawils gamoyofs. amdenad mas
faqtiurad mTlianad faravs mamakacis zurgiT mocemuli figura. es
figurebi, wiTliT Sesrulebuli, iRvreba fonSi. sxeulis calkeuli
nawilebi Tavisufali yavisferi monasmebiT isea damuSavebuli, rom
sxeulis plastika erTgvarad mainc ikveTeba. amasTan isini faqtiurad
erwymian fonismier garemos, gansxeuldebian masSi da erTgvari
aramaterialuri “Crdilebis” meSveobiT SeumCnevlad warmoiqmnebian am
dausabamo wiTeli wiaRidan. mxatvrul-ferweruli gadawyvetis
Taviseburebebi, rbili naTel-Crdilovani efeqtebiT moniSnuli detalebi,
farTo, lokaluri feradovani laqebi Tu muqi moyavisfro gadRabnili
konturebi qmnian figuraTa mTlianobis, ganuyoflobis, TiTqosda erT
sxeulad myofobis saocrad bunebriv SegrZnebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
figuraTa es monoliTuri jgufi, romelic amavdroulad poetur-
romantikuli da grZnobismieri sawyisebis aSkara primatiT gamoirCeva, aq
srulad erwymis namuSevris fonismier wiaRs.
fonze muSaobisas e. oniani mimarTavs faqtobrivad identur mxatvrul
xerxebs, rogorsac sxeulis formebis gadmocemisas. erTgvari
amonaTebebis, Camuqebebis, Taviseburi Sinagani SuqiT gasxivosnebuli
sxvadasxva intensiurobis wiTeli laqebis wyalobiT namuSevari iZens
mTlian eTerul substanciurobas _ adamiani da garemo aq erTi wiTeli
auriT arian garemoculebi. wiTeli fonis sibrtye arc konkretulia, arc
mkvrivi. igi raRac spontanurad manaTobel samyaros warmoadgens, sadac
sibrtye-garemo erTgvar sivrce-garemod transformirdeba. sainteresoa,
rom sasuraTo sibrtyeze ganlagebuli gamosaxulebebi erTi SexedviT
aranair kompoziciur kanonzomierebas ar eqvemdebareba. centraluri,
ideurad mniSvnelovani figurebi simetriis RerZidan marjvniv aris
gadaweuli. yvavilebi, romlebic aq SedarebiT uxvad aris warmodgenili,
Taviseburi simboluri intonaciebiT xmianeben, isini TiTqos wiTeli
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prizmis miRma ixateba, Tumca mayurebeli cxadliv SeigrZnobs maT spetak
siTeTres. suraTis marcxena darCenil wiTel areze, qveda nawilSi
SroSanebis SedarebiT mcire zomis da ufro faqizad Sesrulebuli
Taigulia gamosaxuli, romelic am wiTel sivrceSi livlivebs da
erTgvari simsubuqis STabeWdilebas tovebs. amis sapirispirod, suraTis
zeda marcxena kuTxeSi ufro mozrdili zomis SroSanebis Taiguli
sruliad sxva efeqts qmnis _ yvavilebi zomiT didia da tlanqi,
mouxeSavi monasmebiTaa datanili, maT garSemo ki yavisferi laqebi
TiTqos erT jgufad kravs SroSanebs. mTlianobaSi es “Taiguli” simZimis
STabeWdilebas qmnis. ucnauria, rom qvemoT mxatvarma simsubuqis efeqti
Seqmna, xolo zemoT piriqiT _ simZimis. am SegrZnebas kidev ufro
aZlierebs zeda Taigulis sapirispirod marjvena zeda kuTxeSi datanili
iribi, sqeli yavisferi monasmi, romelic erTgvarad figuris Tavisa da
zurgis moxazulobas ritmulad epasuxeba da saboloo jamSi am
TaigulTan erTad awveba suraTis zeda nawils. Es, rogorc Cans, avtoris
mier sagangebod Cafiqrebuli mxatvrul-kompoziciuri xerxia, romlis
saSualebiTac igi TiTqos codvis simZimes amJRavnebs.
kompoziciuri da koloristuli TvalsazrisiT nawarmoebi
mTlianobisa da harmoniulobis saocar sinTezs qmnis. yovlismomcveli,
mokaSkaSe wiTeli feri Tavisi Suqmfinari gamosxivebiT moicavs mTel am
mistikur samyaros, igi gadmoscems figurebs, formebs, asaxavs movlenebs,
romlebic uSfoTveli da amavdroulad dramatulia.
“samoTxis” ciklis iseT namuSevarSi, rogoricaa “mdinaresTan” (t/z.
100X60. 1989). e. oniani TandaTan mxatvruli formis ukiduresi
abstrahirebisaken midis. nawarmoebis ideur, kompoziciur da
koloristul dominants vertikaluri formatis centrSi gansxeulebuli
sxvadasxva JReradobis wiTliT Sesrulebuli didi zomis ganzogadebuli
forma _ erTgvari pulsirebadi substancia warmoadgens, romelSic
erTiani saburvelis qveS myofi ori figura ilandeba. isini erTmaneTs
mWidrod ekvrian da monoliTur jgufs qmnian, riTac maTi erTarsoba
kidev ufro xelSesaxebi xdeba. “gaerTebulad yofnis, simTlianis gemos
xsovna adamianis arsSia. erTisaken, mTelisaken Sinagani, Tundac
gauazrebeli ltolva, wyurvili, adamianuri arsiTaa ganpirobebuli”
71
(oniani 2003:133). es aramaterialuri, impersonaluri figurebi dawerilia
ise, rom Tavisi Sesrulebis maneriT, Taviseburi CamuqebebiTa da
amonaTebebiT garkveuli moculobis, plastikurobis iluzias qmnian,
rasac realobasTan aranairi kavSiri ara aqvs. figurebis siluetebis
naTeli Tu muqi detalebi, romlebic pirobiT, bundovan formebs avlenen,
TiTqos erTi ideiT gamTlianebul arsebebs gadmoscemen. am
STabeWdilebas kidev ufro aZlierebs maTi “sivrceSi” ganTavseba. am
seriis wina namuSevrebisagan gansxvavebiT mxatvars forma mnaxvelTan
Zalian axlos miaqvs, rac gaWedilobis efeqts badebs miuxedavad imisa,
rom sasuraTo sibrtyeze sxva elementebisTvisac rCeba adgili. bunebrivi
da logikuria, rom nawarmoebis fonismieri garemo aq erTgvari
metafizikuri landSaftis iersaxes iZens. suraTis mdidari, Sinagani
sinaTliT gajerebuli ferweruli faqtura, farTo, Tavisufali
monasmebi qmnian Tavisebur mistikur “peizaJs”, sadac yovelive
gamosaxuli savsebiT damoukidebel, TviTkmar mniSvnelobas atarebs.
sainteresoa monoliTis centrSi, odnav marcxniv datanili yviTeli
faqturuli monasmebi, romlebic erTgvari naTebis efeqts qmnis.
aRsaniSnavia, rom seriis wina namuSevrebisagan gansxvavebiT aq figurebis
formebi saerTod aRar aris miniSnebuli. es aris erTiani bloki, romlis
wiaRSic arsebuli es manaTobeli substancia SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos
da igi garkveul ideas unda gamoxatavdes. am monoliTuri blokis
marcxena kideSi gamozneqili arc Tu mkveTri xazi Zalian Soreulad
TiTqos qalis sxeulis natif monaxazs ganasaxierebs. rogorc Cans, es
ukve siyvarulis ZaliT sruliad erT arsad qceuli qali da mamkacia,
romlebic samoTxis vaSlis gasinjvis Semdeg TiTqos axal sicocxles
udeben saTaves. es naTeba swored am axali sicocxlis niSnad SeiZleba
hqondes gaazrebuli mxatvars. Cvens am mosazrebas ganamtkicebs Tavad e.
onianis erTi Canaweri, romelic mis albomSicaa gamoqveynebuli: “suli
Cemi Cafrinda Cems dedad da mamad arCeul sxeulebSi, imitom, rom maTgan
siyvarulis araCveulebrivi sinaTle-sikaSkaSe molivlivebda. me
sixaruliT gabrwyinebuli, RimiliT, cekva-TamaSiT CaveSvi Cems adamianur
navsayudelSi, me vigrZeni Cemi sulisaTvis adamianad gasafurCqni
keTilmyofeli adamianuri gansazRvruloba... ...madloba da didi
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madliereba Cems qarTvel dedad da mamad ganxorcielebul sulebis
siyvaruls, romlis sinamdvilemac ganapiroba gamosxivebis is Zlieri
sikaSkaSe, Cems suls rom daenaxa da gaxarebuli, farTxafurTxiT
miizida” (oniani 2003:125). es Canaweri pirdapir exmianeba suraTis zemoT
aRweril motivs. SesaZloa Tavad mxatvars nawarmoebis Seqmnis procesSi
arc ki axsovda es gancda da cnobierad ar daukavSirebia igi masTan.
magram, rogorc Tavad mxatvris teqstidan Cans, es azri imdenad cocxali
iyo, imdenad gaSinaganebuli, rom suraTSi intuiciurad “gadmoiRvara”
amgvari xatovani formiT.
Aadamisa da evas gadaWdobili figurebi avtors gaazrebuli aqvs
rogorc erTmaneTTan siyvaruliT dakavSirebuli ori arseba codviT
dacemis Semdgom. kompoziciis marjvena kides ayolebuli forma sqeli
taniTa da mrgvali varjiT samoTxis vaSlebiT daxunZlul xes
mogvagonebs _ esaa erTgvari “xe cnobadisa”. suraTis marjvena mxare zeda
da qveda kuTxeebSi muqi laqebiT aris Sevsebuli. analogiuri struqtura
aqvs suraTis marcxena kidesac. qvemoT, marcxena kuTxeSi muqi moyavisfro
laqebi Tavisuflad, TiTqosda uwesrigod aris dadebuli, xolo zeda
marcxena kuTxeSi yru yavisfer laqaze kvlav mowiTalo-moTeTro
monasmebiT Sesrulebuli yvavilebis motivi Cans. am or ukanasknel laqas
Soris ki manaTobeli Tbili yviTeli sibrtyea moqceuli, romelic am
monoliTur centralur jgufs win wamoswevs.
amgvarad, seriis am zedmiwevniT gamomsaxvel da idumal suraTs
sruliad gaazrebuli kompoziciuri da feradovani gadawyveta axasiaTebs
– didi centraluri wiTeli monoliTi, zeda da qveda kuTxeebi
saTanadod ganTavsebul yavisfer laqebs uWiravs. wiTlisa da moSavo-
yavisferis mkveTri dapirispireba, romelic namuSevars erTgvar
dramatul intonacias aniWebs, Taviseburad neldeba suraTis Sua
nawilSi, kideebSi gamoyenebuli manaTobeli yviTliT, narinjisfriTa da
Ria mwvaniT.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom “samoTxe” esma onianis Semoqmedebis Taviseburi
epilogia. mxatvrul-stilisturi da ideuri TvalsazrisiT igi mTlian
serias warmoadgens, romelsac Tavisi gansakuTrebuli niSnebi aqvs.
intensiuri JReradobiT gamsWvaluli wiTeli am ciklis dominanti feria,
73
igi aris misi ganmsazRvreli ferTametyvelebiTi komponenti, amdenad
simbolurad serias “wiTeli” SeiZleba ewodos. saintereso da ucnauria,
rom mxatvari samoTxes wiTliT xatavs. es aris samoTxis e. onianiseuli
invarianti, romlis analogi CvenTvis ucnobia. ras niSnavs wiTeli
samoTxe? rogorc cnobilia qristianul ferTametyvelebaSi wiTeli
mijnisferia. es aris ganwmendis feri, cecxlovani mijna, romelsac
adamiani gadis wuTisoflidan miRmier samyaroSi gadasvlis dros;
rogorc Cans mxatvars intuiciurad hqonda amis gancda da igi samoTxes
TiTqos cecxlovani fardis miRma aRiqvams. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom aq
gamosaxuli figurebi, sagnebi, formebi am cecxlis alis nakadSi
inTqmeba, kargavs konturebs, konkretulobas da yovelive erTgvar
aramaterialur substanciurobas iZens.
faqtia, rom am nawarmoebebs wiTeli aerTianebs, magram feradovani
TvalsazrisiT is ar aris erTgvarovani. ase magaliTad, Tu “samoTxeSi”
koloriti agebulia muqi yavisferisa da civi muqi wiTlis harmoniul
Sexamebaze, iseT namuSevrebSi rogorebicaa “aha, RmerTma evac Seqmna“,
“gaoceba”, intensiuri Tbili alisferi da gaRvivebuli wiTlis
gradaciebi dominirebs. aRsaniSnavia “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...“
koloristuli gaazreba, sadac yavisferis qveSidan amomavali mewamuli
qmnis Tavisebur mistikur garemos da aramaterialur siRrmes aniWebs
suraTs. wiTeli feris erTgvari spontanuri amonaTebebiTa Tu
CamuqebebiT mxatvari aerTianebs fonismier garemos, figurebs da maT
manaTobel koloristul gamaSi aTavsebs. ciklis bolo namuSevarSi
“mdinaresTan” avtori upiratesad wiTlis muqi da Ria tonebis
dapirispirebas mimarTavs, Tumca namuSevarSi gansxvavebuli feradovnebac
Semoaqvs. is iyenebs yavisfer, narinjisfer, yviTel, momwvano laqebs,
Sindisfer, movardisfro-moTeTro monasmebs, rac koloristuli
TvalsazrisiT bevrad ufro mravalferovans xdis am nawarmoebs, Tumca
wiTlis ZiriTadi JReradoba aqac SenarCunebulia. es suraTi gamoirCeva
imiTac, rom aq gamoyenebul yviTels, romelsac erTgvari Sinagani naTeba
axasiaTebs, namuSevarSi gansakuTrebuli sazeimo ganwyoba Semoaqvs.
am seriaSi feri avtoris saTqmelis gadmocemis mTavari saSualebaa.
misTvis samoTxe wiTelia, maSin, rodesac Cveulebriv samoTxis xati
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idiliur, naTel sawyisTan asocirdeba. SesaZloa es iyos im dramis
erTgvari winaTgrZnoba, romelic adamisa da evas siyvaruls moyveba.
kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiTac es seria erT princips efuZneba, Tumca
erTgvari evolucia aqac SeimCneva _ namuSevrebis vertikalur formats
mTel simaRleSi avseben figurebi, magram yvela kompoziciaSi ikiTxeba
individualuri, specifikuri midgoma. centralur gamosaxulebebad
mxatvari yvelgan adamianis figurebs gaiazrebs, romlebic scenebSi
umniSvnelovanes vertikalebs qmnian da TiTqmis avseben sasuraTo ares.
isini zogan frontalur da reprezentaciul xasiaTs atareben, riTac
TiTqos gulisxmoben mnaxvels (“samoTxe”, “aha, RmerTma evac Seqmna“),
zogan ki mayurebelTan aranair kontaqts ar amyareben da TiTqos Tavis
TavSi iZirebian (“gaoceba”, “raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...”, “mdinaresTan”).
adreul suraTebSi reprezentaciuloba ufro metia, TandaTan Caketiloba
matulobs, bolosken personaJebi Caketil, mTlian monoliTebad
warmosdgebian da damTvalierebeli maT erT arsad aRiqvams. suraTis
kompoziciuri struqturis CamoyalibebisaTvis mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobs gmirebis “sivrceSi” ganTavsebac. mxatvars xan win, Zalian
axlos moaqvs figurebi, rac erTgvari gaWedilobis Tu gadidebuli
kadris efeqts badebs (“mdinaresTan”), xan ki maT Sors, siRrmeSi aTavsebs,
TiTqos suraTis wiaRSi Sehyavs isini (“raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...“).
rogorc wesi namuSevrebSi figurebi centrSi arian gamosaxuli, suraTis
kideebi ki muqi yavisferi laqebiT ifareba, riTac kompoziciebi garkveul
Sinagan wesrigs eqvemdebarebian; mxatvari TiTqos “samoTxes” muq yavisfer
garsSi warmoidgens, romelic sazRvravs da gamijnavs scenebs realuri
samyarosagan.
kompoziciuri struqturis kidev erTi arsebiTi elementia mcenareebi,
romlebiTac avtori Tavisufal areebs avsebs da xSirad yvavilebiT
wonasworobaSi mohyavs kidec kompozicia. SroSanebi, vardebi da sxv.
mcenareebi zogjer Sesrulebulia sakmaod konkretulad (“samoTxe”), rac
Semdgom ufro ganzogadebul xasiaTs iZens da isini mxolod zogadi
niSnebiT sacnaurdebian (“raca RmerTsa ara swaddes...”). es yvelaferi
azrobrivad exmianeba Tavad samoTxis Temas.
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“samoTxis” ciklis namuSevrebi formis damuSavebis mxrivac ganicdian
garkveul modifikacias. Tavidan, adreul stadiaze, es aris sruli
pirobiTobis farglebSi, Suq-Crdilis gareSe “Sesrulebuli”, faqtiurad
daumuSavebuli efemeruli substanciebi (“samoTxe”, “aha, RmerTma evac
Seqmna“), Tumca formebi garkveulwilad jer kidev inarCuneben Tavisebur
konkretikas da mnaxvelSi erTgvari plastikurobis SegrZnebas iwveven.
Semdgom garemo da figurebi absoluturad erTi meTodiT sruldeba _
figura ixateba iseve, rogorc abstraqtuli, neitraluri, ganyenebuli
foni da rCeba SegrZneba, rom samoTxe erTi substanciisagan Sesdgeba_
foni da figurebi erTmaneTs absoluturad erwymian (“gaoceba”, “raca
RmerTsa ara swaddes...“). sxvadasxva Tvisebebis matarebeli Tavisufali
monasmebi, zogjer faqturuli, zogan SedarebiT gluvi, sqlad Tu Txlad
dadebuli laqebi erTgvari energetikuli velis matareblebi arian da
Tavisebur eTerul nakads qmnian. logikuria, rom aseTive energetikuli
nakadebis matareblebi arian figurebic. garemo da figura aq
erTgvarovani konsistenciis, “Semcvelobis” xdebian, amitom isini am
“sivrceSi” livliveben da sruliad erwymian mas. cxadia es ar aris
realuri sivrce, es metafizikuri, mistikuri sivrcea, romelic arsebobs
mxatvris warmosaxvaSi, sadac realuri samyaros kanonebi
Zaldautaneblad irRveva. es aris mxatvris msoflSegrZneba, romelic
aravis ar hgavs da mayurebels misi fenomenis gaxsnaSi exmareba.
rac Seexeba sivrcis fenomens erTis mxriv, SeiZleba miuRebelic
mogveCvenos am suraTebTan mimarTebiT sivrceze saubari, magram
miuxedavad pirobiTobisa Tavad am suraTebis struqtura saSualebas
iZleva visaubroT sivrcis fenomenzec, kategoriazec. vfiqrobT, rom am
SemTxvevaSi, am seriis formasa da siRrmiseul sazriss Soris kavSiris
moZebna, swored formis da foni-sivrcis urTierTmimarTebiT SeiZleba
gamoikveTos, radganac am suraTebSi figurebis garSemo arsebuli are
erTdroulad ganyenebuli sibrtye-fonia da amavdroulad sivrcec.
ra axasiaTebs esma onianis samoTxes? es aris Tanamedrove adamianis
xedva, erTi individis invarianti, samoTxe codviT dacemis mijnaze,
oRond aRbeWdili mxatvris TanagrZnobiT am “personaJebis” mimarT. e.
onianis “samoTxe” gamsWvalulia dramatuli JReradobiT, igi aRsavsea
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adamianuri grZnobebiT da emociebiT. es aris samyaro, romelSic or
adamians erTmaneTi uyvars, sadac isini sakuTar momavals, axal
sicocxles uyrian safuZvels. am arsebebis intimuri urTierToba
daclilia yovelgvari erotizmisagan. pirvelqmnili sisadave, erTgvari
ganwmendiloba, rac am suraTebSi TvalnaTliv vlindeba, TiTqos
amarTlebs kidec codviT dacemis faqts, radgan mis safuZvelSi mxatvari
upirveles yovlisa siyvaruls xedavs, siyvaruli ki misTvis umaRles
Rirebulebas warmoadgens. amgvaria e. onianis samoTxis xati, romelSic
ganmsazRvreli roli ara edemis baRs, ara idiliur ganwyobas, aramed
ori adamianis urTierTdamokidebulebas eniWeba.
amrigad, e. onianis mier 1980 – 90-ian wlebSi Sesrulebuli namuSevrebi
xasiaTdeba mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis didi ZaliT da mkafio
saxovanebiT. maTSi kidev ufro naTlad Cans swrafva cxovrebiseul
movlenaTa pirobiT-poeturi gardasaxvisaken. pirvel planze inacvlebs
“saxe-mogonebis” Tu “saxe-gancdis” mniSvnelobis xazgasma, emociuri
mgrZnobeloba, rasac mxatvari feris eqspresiis gaZlierebiT, formis
erTgvari abstrahirebis, suraTis sivrcobrivi da plastikuri
komponentebis originaluri SerwymiT avlens.
rogorc “ormocdaaTianelTa” uSualo memkvidre, Tavis SemoqmedebaSi
e. oniani gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis axlebur gaazrebas mimarTavs,
rac formisa da sivrcis plastikuri interpretaciis, suraTis
kompoziciuri struqturis, wminda ferweruli, koloristuli sawyisebis
originaluri gamovleniT aRiniSneba. sagnebisa da movlenebis xatovan-
esTetikuri aRqmiT, cxovrebis arsis siRrmiseuli gancdiT mxatvari
sakuTar samyaros poetur JReradobas, romantikul intonacias aniWebs.
mxatvruli msoflSegrZnebiT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis konceptualuri da
formaluri Taviseburebebis mkafio gamovleniT esma oniani
samocdaaTianelTa Taobis Rirseul warmomadgenlad gvevlineba.Aam
SesaniSnavi mxatvris, poetisa da eseistis moRvaweoba erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani movlenaa Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis istoriaSi.
77
Tavi III. Tamaz xuciSvilis dazguri ferwera
samocdaaTianelTa Taobis gamorCeuli ostatis Tamaz xuciSvilis
xelovnebam Taviseburi elferi Semata uaxles qarTul ferweras. igi im
mxatvarTa wres ganekuTvneba, romlebic feris tonalur SesaZleblobaTa
srulyofilad gamovlenisaken iswrafvian da uSualod agrZeleben
qarTuli realisturi ferweris SemoqmedebiT tradiciebs. misi mxatvroba
xasiaTdeba ferweruli enis organuli SegrZnebiT, tonalurad mdidari
palitra, daxvewili gama, weris Tavisufali manera Tu tilos zedapiris
metyveli faqtura xelovanis saukeTeso nawarmoebebs gansakuTrebul
gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs.
1950-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan ferweruli amocanebi organulad
daukavSirda am periodis xelovnebis saerTo tendencias – mxatvruli
enis ganaxlebisaken ltolvas. ferweraSi gaZlierda koloristuli
Ziebebi, rac axali qarTuli mxatvrobis saTaveebidan momdinareobs.
ormocdaaTianelTa novaciebi, romlebic axali mxatvrul-saazrovno
problematikis damkvidrebas ukavSirdeba, logikur dasayrdens uqmnida
momaval Taobebs. sxvadasxva mxatvruli problemisadmi SemoqmedebiTi
midgoma, samyaros uSualo, individualuri aRqma, xatovani azrovneba,
ferweris saxviT-dekoratiuli saSualebebis, feris TavisTavadi da
saxviTi Tvisebebis xazgasma samocdaaTianelTa SemoqmedebiTi interesebis
ZiriTad sferos gansazRvravs.
1960-66 ww. T. xuciSvili swavlobda Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis
ferweris fakultetze gamoCenili mxatvrisa da pedagogis farnaoz
lapiaSvilis klasSi. niSandoblivia, rom misi mxatvruli mrwamsis
Camoyalibebaze mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina cnobili fermweris
aleqsandr baJbeuq-meliqovis gakveTilebma, romlis saxelosnoSi damwyebi
mxatvari 1950-ian ww. Mmecadineobda. Eevropuli klasikuri koloristuli
mxatvrobis tradiciebTan ziareba, tonaluri ferweris saSualebebis
Ziebebi, rac man memkvidreobiT miiRo Tavisi pirveli maswavleblisagan,
mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs T. xuciSvilis akademiur-realistur
stils. “mas gaaCnia koloritis, misi qromatul-tonaluri Tvisebebis
utyuari grZnoba, uzustesi Tvali, anu mxatvrul-ferweruli absoluturi
smena. rogor gamaSic ar unda muSaobdes igi _ dabal, tonalur-
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xaverdovanSi Tu aweul koloristulSi, yalb Sexamebas, odnav
zedmetobasa Tu uzustobas masTan ver vnaxavT da misi gama mudam
saocrad keTilSobilurad JRers”( xoStaria 2006 : 8).
T. xuciSvilis dazguri ferwera mraval Janrs moicavs _ igi
erTnairi gatacebiT xatavs peizaJebs, naturmortebs, portretebs,
mimarTavs saintereso Tematur Tu Janrul kompoziciebs, religiur
siuJetebs, nius. Tumca misi individualuri xelwera da SemoqmedebiTi
ganviTarebis xazi yvelaze ufro TvalsaCinod mis portretebsa da
Janrul scenebSi ikveTeba. Aaqedan gamomdinare, naSromSi ZiriTadi
yuradReba am JanrebSi Sesrulebul namuSevarTa analizs eTmoba.
MT. xuciSvilis realisturi mxatvruli meTodi wlebis manZilze
ganicdis Tavisebur stilistur evolucias, rac naTlad amJRavnebs
avtoris SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis mimarTulebebsa Tu sxvadasxva aspeqtebs.
kerZod, 1960-iani wlebis meore naxevrisa da 1970-iani wlebis eqspresiuli,
pastozuri manera kontrastul ferTa mTeli emociuri ZaliT warmoCenas
da ganzogadebuli mxatvruli saxis maqsimalurad mZafr gamovlenas
emsaxureba. 1980-90-ian wlebSi Sesrulebul namuSevrebSi upiratesad
realisturi midgoma ikveTeba, magram weris ufro gluvi maneriT. am
periodis qmnilebebisaTvis niSandoblivi mravalferovani tonaluri
gradaciebi, mdidari ferweruli gama organul mTlianobaSia moyvanili.
monasmis sirbile, efeqturi ganaTeba, daxvewili naxati akademiuri
sizustiT Sesrulebul am nawarmoebebs erTgvari lirikuli ganwyobiT
aRavsebs. 1990-2000-ian wlebSi Seqmnili nimuSebis Taviseburebebi _ funjis
“artistuli” floba, Txelfenovani weris manera, plastikuri formebis
gulmodgine damuSaveba, grafikuli xazis metyveleba Tu ganaTebis
efeqtebi e. w. salonuri akademizmis niSnebs avlens. nawarmoebebi
faqtiurad kargaven pirvandel xibls, uSualobas, gamosaxuleba ufro
zedapiruli, mSrali xdeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom T. xuciSvilis Semoqmedebis
amgvari periodizacia erTgvar pirobiT xasiaTs atarebs. Aam ZiriTadi
stilisturi da meTodologiuri maxasiaTeblebis ganviTarebiTAavtori,
sxvadasxva konkretuli mxatvruli amocanebidan gamomdinare, perioduli
monacvleobiT mimarTavs mis mier wlebis manZilze aprobirebul xerxebs.
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1960-70-ian wlebSi Sesrulebul saukeTeso namuSevarTa ricxvs
ganekuTvneba: “firosmani”, “sadguris morige”, “avtoportreti” da sxv.
tiloebis feradovani struqtura TavSekavebulia, Mmuqi koloriti
ramdenime feris Zunw tonalur gradaciazea agebuli. T. xuciSvils
itacebs nawarmoebis saerTo gadawyvetis eqspresiuli xasiaTi da weris
ganzogadebuli manera. igi upiratesobas aniWebs mcire zomis portretul
kompoziciebs, romlebic farTo feradovani laqebisa da energiuli
pastozuri monasmebis efeqturi dapirispirebiT igeba. Mmxatvari
mimarTavs Tavisebur kadrirebas msxvili xediT, ris gamoc gamosaxuleba
sasuraTo sibrtyis umetes nawils ikavebs.
T. xuciSvilis adreuli periodis erT-erT saintereso nimuSia
“firosmani~ (m/z. 25X21. 1966). igi kvadratuli formatis tiloa, rac
gansazRvravs misi kompoziciuri agebis specifikas. sasuraTo sibrtyis
centrSi moTavsebuli farTo planiT gamosaxuli personaJi pirobiTad
moniSnul mrume interieris fonzea warmodgenili. misi figuris rakursi
dinamikuri da gamomsaxvelia _ sxeuli mocemulia profilSi, Tavi ki 3/4-
iT aris mobrunebuli mayureblisaken; damaxasiaTebelia zurgis mkveTrad
moxrili silueti da Tavis dayeneba, romelic odnav marjvniv aris
gadaxrili. pozis amgvari plastikuri gadawyveta namuSevars saocar
dinamikurobas, garkveul daZabulobas aniWebs, rac emsaxureba modelis
rTuli, emociuri sulieri samyaros srulfasovan gadmocemas. personaJis
poza _ sxeulisa da Tavis mkveTrad dapirispirebuli moZraoba aq
gamoyenebulia, rogorc emociurobis xazgasmis erTgvari saSualeba.
pirovnebis Sinagani xasiaTis gamovlenas xels uwyobs namuSevris
koloriti, romelic miRebulia muqi moyavisfro-mowiTalo, moruxo-
moTeTro tonebiT da gacocxlebulia intensiuri JReradobis wiTeli
laqebiT, rac suraTs Tavisebur dramatul intonacias aniWebs. weris
Tavisufali manera, energiuli pastozuri monasmebi acocxlebs tilos
ferwerul zedapirs da mas eqspresiulobas matebs. gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba saxis gadmocemis specifikas, romelic mkveTrad
ganaTebuli da Cabnelebuli adgilebis, naTeli da muqi tonebis
cxovelxatuli kontrastebiT aris ganxorcielebuli. modelirebis
amgvari principi ganapirobebs mxatvruli saxis sulieri ganwyobilebis
80
gamovlenas, misi TiTqosda sakuTari sulis siRrmeSi mimarTuli mzeris
xazgasmas.
“firosmani” ar aris reprezentaciuli, mas axasiaTebs gare
samyarosagan erTgvari izolirebuloba, Tavis TavSi Caketiloba. fonis,
garemos, figuris erTian koloristul planSi gamTlianeba iwvevs
kamerulobis, sentimentalurobis Tavisebur gancdas. aRsaniSnavia, rom am
namuSevarSi erTmaneTs enacvleba sibrtyobrivi, ganzogadebuli, pirobiTi
formebi da cxovelxatuli pastozuri monasmebiT miRebuli ufro
moculobiT-plastikuri detalebi. es aris erTgvari mizanmimarTuli
sinTezi sibrtyobriv-pirobiTi da plastikuri formebisa, rac suraTis
mxatvrul gamomsaxvelobas ganapirobebs. personaJis poza, sevdiani
gamoxedva, sada samosi _ wiTeli perangi, Savi qurTuki, moTeTro-
monacrisfro kaSne, mowiTalo-moyavisfro qudi _ kompoziciis yvela
detali emsaxureba gmiris Sinagani keTilSobilebis gamovlenas, faqizi
sulis mqone pirovnebis daxasiaTebas. figura mocemulia interieris
kuTxis pirobiT fonze, romelic Tavisi simuqiT SesaZloa sardafis
asociaciasac iwvevdes. fonis ganaTebac kontrastebzea agebuli _
suraTis marjvena mxares arsebuli kedlis muqi moyavisfro tonebi,
romlebic alag-alag muqi mowiTalo pastozuri monasmebiT aris
gacxovelebuli, Taviseburad upirispirdeba marcxena mxares
warmodgenili kedlis mkveTrad ganaTebul sibrtyes. aRsaniSnavia, rom
personaJis erTgvari gaucxoebis SegrZnebas swored interieris kuTxis
Caketili sivrce, garemo amZafrebs; igi xels uwyobs mayureblis
yuradRebis maqsimalur koncentracias uSualod personaJze.
niSandoblivia, rom aq “firosmani” gamosaxulia yovelgvari droiTi
konkretizaciis gareSe, avtoris mier gaazrebuli Taviseburi “xatis”
saxiT.
Tanamedrove qarTul mxatvrobaSi firosmanis Tema periodulad iCens
Tavs, rac upirveles yovlisa naTlad aisaxeba T. xuciSvilis erT-erTi
sayvareli mxatvris lado gudiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi, sadac firosmanis
serias gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs. garda amisa es Tema Tavis
gamoxatulebas poulobs grigol CirinaSvilis, kirile zdaneviCis,
naTela ianqoSvilis, guram quTaTelaZis, nikoloz ignatovis da sxva
81
mxatvarTa nawarmoebebSi. firosmanis personaJs umTavresad Tan sdevs
erTgvari martosulobis, siwmindis, uSualobis gancda, rac T.
xuciSvilis am portretisaTvisac aris damaxasiaTebeli. Kkompoziciuri
gaazrebis TvalsazrisiT es aris mxatvris Ziebebis originaluri
gadawyvetis erTgvari magaliTi. personaJis daxasiaTebis, misi sulieri
mdgomareobis gadmocemis, ferweruli gadawyvetis, formaTa plastikuri
Tu pirobiTi damuSavebis urTierTSerwyma am nawarmoebis mxatvrul
Rirsebas gansazRvravs.
Mmxatvrul-stilisturi da kompoziciuri gadawyvetis TvalsazrisiT
faqtiurad igive principebs emyareba namuSevari “sadguris morige”(t/z.
29X31. 1967). Aaq gamosaxuleba maqsimalurad aris motanili suraTis wina
planTan ise, rom portretirebulis Tavs TiTqmis mTeli sasuraTo
sibrtye uWiravs. Mmoxuci mamakacis mxatvruli saxe sadguris morigis
ganzogadebul tipaJs qmnis, misi profesia specialuri uniformiT aris
xazgasmuli. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom personaJi gamosaxulia msxvili
xediT, kompozicia ar xasiaTdeba monumenturobiT. Tavad personaJis saxe,
romelic met-naklebad ganzogadebuli plastikuri formebiT gadmoicema,
mainc moklebulia Sinagan mniSvnelovanebas. “sadguris morige”
warmogvidgeba rogorc kameruli saxasiaTo tipaJi. am personaJis samyaro
misi saxis plastikis SegrZnebiT aris gadmocemuli, kerZod, mkveTrad
ganaTebuli, dinamikuri pastozuri monasmebiT aris dawerili saxis
formebi, rac xazgasmulia TeTri Tmisa da ulvaSis dinamikuri
refleqsebiT. weris manera warmoaCens saxis ganzogadebuli formebis
plastikur simkvrives, rac aqcentirebulia sqeli konturuli naxatiTac.
es cxovrebisagan daRlili adamiani, TiTqos sakuTari Rirsebis
SegrZnebiT aris aRbeWdili, magram amave dros mis saxeSi naTlad
ikiTxeba erTgvari imedgacrueba da gaucxoeba garesamyaros mimarT. Ees
STabeWdileba ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia im xerxiT, rasac mxatvari
iyenebs Tvalebis gamosaxvisas. kerZod, gmiris mzera TiTqos erTi
SexedviT sivrceSia mimarTuli, amavdroulad igi garkveuli
wertilisaken fokusirdeba. Mmisi mZime quTuToebis aRmniSvneli sqeli
rkaluri monasmebi kidev ufro amZafrebs moxucis Rrmad Cavardnili
Tvalebis gamomsaxvelobas. Tvalis gugebis nacvlad mxatvari erTgvar
82
Sav “sicarieles” tovebs, rac personaJis TviTCaRrmavebis Tavisebur
gancdas badebs, mayurebeli cxadad grZnobs mis guneba-ganwyobilebas.
kompoziciuri mTlianobis miRwevis TvalsazrisiT, iseve rogorc
“firosmanSi”, foni aqac aqtiuri da qmediTi komponentia. namuSevris foni
qmnis erTgvar pirobiT garemos, kerZod garkveul paralelur plans,
romlis zedapiris cxovelxatuloba da ferweruli gadawyveta
Seesatyviseba Tavad figuris pastozur damuSavebas. kompoziciis
garkveuli sivrcobrioba gadmocemulia ara marto figuris moculobiT-
plastikuri formebiT, aramed fonis Taviseburi gaazrebiTac _ igi qmnis
garkveul sivrcul maxasiaTebels, kedlis miRma ganaTebuli Riobis
saxiT kidev erTi pirobiTi plani ikveTeba, romelic erTgvari bundovani
sivrculi garemos asociacias iwvevs. iseve rogorc “firosmanSi”, aqac
kedeli-foni xels uwyobs personaJis gaucxoebis gancdis gamovlenas.
suraTis ferweruli gadawyveta ZiriTadad sxvadasxva sisqisa da ritmis
mqone pastozuri monasmebis cxovelxatul gadmocemas efuZneba, rac xazs
usvams namuSevris zedapiris dinamikas. TavSekavebuli ferTa gama emyareba
moyavisfro-mowiTalo, moTeTro-movardisfro tonebis harmoniul
Sexamebas, romelic suraTis koloristul mTlianobas gansazRvravs.
iseve, rogorc zemoTganxilul namuSevarSi, emociuri muxtis
gadmocemisaTvis mxatvari aqac iyenebs mowiTalo tonebs, romlebic
sxvadasxva intensivobiT gasdevs personaJis saxes, quds, kitels. amdenad,
gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiT, kameruli xasiaTiT, tipaJis erTgvari
gaucxoebiT “sadguris morige” T. xuciSvilis adreuli ferweris tipiur
nimuSs warmoadgens.
xasiaTis mkveTri gamovleniT, Taviseburi Sinagani mRelvarebiT aris
gamsWvaluli T. xuciSvilis “avtoportreti” (t/z. 29X25. 1970), romelSic
Semoqmedi mxatvrul-stilisturi, kompoziciuri Tu ferwerul-
plastikuri problemebis identur saSualebebs mimarTavs. sasuraTo
sibrtyeze farTo planiT gamosaxuli mxatvris siRrmiseuli mzera
TiTqos misi Sinagani samyarosaken aris mimarTuli. Aaxlos motanili
monoliTuri gamosaxuleba, romelsac suraTis kvadratuli formatis
udidesi nawili uWiravs, aZlierebs yuradRebis koncentracias personaJis
saxeze, ganapirobebs mxatvruli saxis daZabulobas, eqspresiulobas.
83
aRsaniSnavia, rom winare ganxiluli nimuSis msgavsad, Tvalis gugebi
aqac Savi “sicarieliT” aris Sevsebuli, rasac avtori erTgvari
ganyenebulobisa Tu gare samyarodan gaucxoebis, sakuTar TavSi
CaRrmavebisa Tu Caketvis, fiqris gadmocemis Tavisebur saSualebad
iyenebs. sqeli konturiT Semowerili saxisa da mxrebis moculobiTi
plastikuri formebi mkafiod, reliefurad gamoiyofa kompoziciis
molurjo- mocisfro fonze. mowiTalo-moyavisfro samosis, moyviTalo-
moTeTro saxisa da fonis civi molurjo ferTa kontrastuli Sexameba,
weris Tavisufali, pastozuri manera aZlierebs kompoziciis
gamomsaxvelobas. iseve, rogorc am periodis sxva namuSevrebSi,
“avtoportretSi” pirovnebis xasiaTis gaxsnisas mniSvnelovani roli
eniWeba ganaTebis efeqts, kerZod saxis marcxena nawili mkveTrad aris
ganaTebuli, maSin, roca marjvena mxare muqi monacrisfro-molurjo
naxevartonebiT aris damuSavebuli. Mmxatvari aqac mimarTavs formaTa
ganzogadebuli gadmocemis princips. igi zogadad Zerwavs monoliTur
formas, Tumca samosis damuSavebaSi Tavs iCens gluvi, sibrtyobrivi
laqebis gamoyenebac. samosisagan gansxvavebiT saxeze muSaobisas mxatvari
pastozuri weris meTods iyenebs, rac rogorc ukve aRiniSna, formis
moculobiT-plastikur, iluzorul warmoCenas da mTavarze yuradRebis
gamaxvilebas emsaxureba. Aamrigad, wina portretebisagan gansxvavebiT, am
nawarmoebSi modelis Sinagani eqspresiis gadmocema upiratesad mkveTri
feradovani kontrastebiT, kontrastuli ganaTebiT da tilos zedapiris
cxovelxatuli metyvelebiT aris ganpirobebuli. Mmxatvruli
gamomsaxvelobis amgvari saSualebebi aq eqspresiuli sawyisis
gasaZliereblad mizanmimarTulad aris gamoyenebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom adreul namuSevrebs Soris “avtoportreti” pirovnebis
individualuri bunebis ufro mZafri gamovleniT da mkafio daxasiaTebiT
gamoirCeva.
Mmetad gamomsaxvelia “jariskacis portreti” (m/z. 27X24. 1974),
romelSic eqspresiuli sawyisis wamoweva kidev ufro TvalsaCino xdeba.
farTo planiT mocemuli axalgazrda mamakacis dramatuli saxe
faqtiurad mTlianad moicavs suraTis kvadratul formats. Mmisi farTod
gaxelili metyveli Tvalebi, maRali Subli, mZime nikapi, mokled SeWrili
84
Tma aZlierebs pirovnebis Tavisebur tragizms. personaJis sivrceSi
mimarTuli sevdiani mzera erTgvari sulieri mRelvarebis, uimedobis
gancdis gamomxatvelia. namuSevari Sesrulebulia sqeli, msuye
dinamikuri monasmebiT, mxatvari mimarTavs Zerwvis igive pastozur
meTods, rac ara marto formis maxasiaTebeli, aramed namuSevris
emociuri muxtis matarebelicaa. suraTis saerTo ganwyobilebas
ganapirobebs rogorc saxis gamometyveleba, nakvTebis Tavisufali
damuSaveba, ise naTeli da muqi tonebis mkveTri dapirispireba;
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sqel, daZabul konturul xazs da
mkafio naxats. namuSevris kolorits gansazRvravs moyavisfro-moyviTalo,
molurjo da xakisferi tonebis ostaturi Sexameba. suraTis foni xels
uwyobs yuradRebis dafiqsirebas personaJis saxeze da feradovani
kuTxiTac amTlianebs kompozicias; foni da feri aq harmoniul
mTlianobaSia moyvanili. “avtoportretisagan” gansxvavebiT, sadac
eqspresiis gadmocema ZiriTadad ferTa kontrastebiT iyo ganpirobebuli,
“jariskacis portretSi” mTavari gamomsaxvelobiTi aqcenti dinamikuri
naxati da ferwerulad modelirebuli saxis plastikuri metyvelebaa.
Aamrigad, am nawarmoebebSi cxadad Cans mxatvris xelwerisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli is tipiuri niSnebi, romlebsac igi 1960-70-ian wlebSi
mimarTavs. modelis gaazreba upiratesad emyareba saxasiaTo tipaJis
Cvenebis mcdelobas, rac personaJis ganzogadebuli daxasiaTebiT, zogadi
ganwyobilebis gadmocemiT miiRweva. Kkompoziciuri gadawyveta
erTgvarovania, ganpirobebulia personaJis saxis aqcentirebiT,
plastikiTa da ferTa kontrastebiT, rac amavdroulad pirovnebis
xasiaTis gaxsnas emsaxureba. am pasiur personaJebs aerTianebs erTgvari
izolirebuloba, gaucxoeba, TviTCaRrmavebisa Tu simartovis gancda;
isini xasiaTdebian sakuTari Rirsebis garkveuli SegrZnebiT, magram ara
Sinagani mniSvnelovanebiT. T. xuciSvilis mxatvruli ena efuZneba
realisturi gaazrebisa Tu aRqmis princips, rac moculobis, plastikuri
formis gadmocemaSi vlindeba, magram amave dros mxatvris manera
xasiaTdeba samganzomilebiani iluzoruli formebisa da sibrtyobrivi,
pirobiTi formebis Taviseburi sinTeziTac, rac qarTuli xelovnebis
damaxasiaTebeli niSania; qarTuli tradiciebidan momdinareobs
85
TavSekavebuli koloritic. Fferi formaTqmnadobis, kompoziciuri
mTlianobisa da emociuri metyvelebis umniSvnelovanesi
saSualebaa.Mmxatvruli formis aqcentirebisa da dinamikurobis efeqtis
gasaZliereblad avtori mizanmimarTulad iyenebs xazs. tilos zedapiris
metyveli faqtura, formis damuSavebis Tavisufali, pastozuri manera
kompoziciebis cxovelxatulobisa da ritmuli sawyisis ganmsazRvrelia.
1970-ian wlebSi Seqmnili iseTi suraTebi, rogorebicaa: “dedis
portreti”( t/z. 60X50. 1972), “eqvsi wlis gia”( t/z. 50X40. 1972), “eliko”(m/z.
58X47. 1971) “gogi xoStarias portreti” (t/z. 80X60. 1975) da sxv.
naTelyofen mxatvris xelovnebaSi momxdar Tavisebur gardatexas.
izrdeba namuSevris formati, icvleba kompoziciuri struqtura, romelic
upiratesad vertikalur ritms eqvemdebareba, mxatvruli saxis
ganzogadebuli aRqma adgils uTmobs realistur gamomsaxvelobiT
meTods, rac gamosaxulebis bunebriobisa da uSualobis sawindari xdeba.
feri kvlavac mxatvruli saxis emociuri zemoqmedebis umniSvnelovanesi
faqtoria, igi aqtiurad emsaxureba portretirebulis individualuri
niSnebisa da misi Sinagani mdgomareobis gadmocemas. mxatvari faqtiurad
uars ambobs sqel, pastozur monasmebze, Tumca misi weris manera laRi,
Tavisufali rCeba. Aam mxriv niSandoblivia mxatvar “guram
navrozaSvilis portreti”( t/z. 50X40. 1973). personaJi gamosaxulia
welzemoT neitralur muq moyavisfro fonze, romelic gacocxlebulia
sxvadasxva tonis moruxo-moyviTalo-mowiTalo dinamikuri monasmebiT.
Savi puloveri, TeTri perangis sayelo fonTan mimarTebaSi
gansakuTrebul vizualur efeqts qmnis. realisturi sicxadiT aris
gadmocemuli mxatvris saxe, romelic garkveul fsiqologiur
mdgomareobas gamoxatavs. Mmisi sevdiani mzera TiTqos mayureblisaken
aris mipyrobili, Tumca personaJis kontaqti damTvalierebelTan
Tavisebur distanciurobas inarCunebs. Aam STabeWdilebas aZlierebs
modelis poza _ moxrili mxrebi, gadajvaredinebuli xelebi da
mklavebSi Camaluli xelis mtevnebi. winare mxatvruli saxeebisagan
gansxvavebiT mxatvari cdilobs modelis Sinagani ganwyobileba, misi
erTgvari gaucxoeba mnaxvelisaTvis ufro TvalsaCino gaxados. Aamas igi
aRwevs saxis aqcentirebiT, metyveli mzeriT, romelic ufro konkretuli,
86
individualuria da gmiris damaxasiaTebel niSans warmoadgens. rogorc
zemoT aRiniSna, personaJis sulieri ganwyoba, fsiqologiuri
mdgomareobis gadmocema upiratesad ganpirobebulia poziT. Ffigura aqac
TiTqmis mTlianad avsebs sasuraTo formats, misi Caketili plastika,
saxe da Tavad foni qmnis erTian, mRelvare garemos, rac xels uwyobs
konkretuli pirovnebis xasiaTis warmoCenas. T. xuciSvilis weris manera
1970-ian wlebSi SemuSavebul gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebs efuZneba, magram
Tavad modelis gaazrebaSi ikveTeba is Taviseburebani, romlebic
damaxasiaTebeli iqneba mxatvris 1980-iani wlebis namuSevrebisTvisac.
TandaTan Ee. w. saxasiaTo tipaJis nacvlad avtori mimarTavs meti
konkretizaciis, pirovnebis individualurobis, misi garegnuli
daxasiaTebis Tu Sinagani Rirsebis ufro mkafiod, realisturad
warmoCenis princips. amdenad, es namuSevari erTgvar gardamaval
nimuSadac ki SegviZlia ganvixiloT 1970-ian da 1980-ian wlebSi
Sesrulebul portretebs Soris.
realisturi portretis principebis srulfasovani gamovlena da
mxatvris individualuri xelweris niSnebi cxadad mJRavndeba “veriko
anjafariZis portretSi” (t/z. 80X67. 1983). Kkompozicia vertikalur
formatzea ganawilebuli. sasuraTo sibrtyis wina planze gamosaxulia
msxvili kadriT mocemuli savarZelSi mjdomi asakovani qalbatoni.
savarZlis ukan interieris Caketil sivrceSi kidev erTi paraleluri
plania, sadac ikiTxeba avejis fragmenti, romelzec didi larnaki devs,
misi gadaWrili forma iluzorulad zrdis sivrces kompoziciis zeda
nawilSi. suraTis fons qmnis kedeli, romelic mTlianad ketavs da
aCerebs kompoziciis siRrmeSi ganviTarebas. aseTi kompoziciuri
struqturis Sedegad yuradReba mTlianad koncentrirdeba pirovnebaze.
msaxiobis figura mocemulia 3/4 ¾ brunSi, fexi-fexze gadadebuli
mobrunebuli sxeuliTa da odnav marcxniv gadaxrili TaviT, romelic
marjvena xels eyrdnoba. Ffaqtiurad figuris rTuli poza aq
kontrapostis princips efuZneba. Mmsaxiobi TiTqos isvenebs, igi
warmodgenilia mSvidi, ramdenadme Teatralizebuli poziT. Mmisi axlo
planiT motanili gamosaxuleba ikiTxeba suraTis marcxena diagonaluri
kuTxidan qvemodan zemoT, rac personaJs aRmatebiT xarisxSi
87
warmoaCens.Aam STabeWdilebas aZlierebs didi zomis savarZeli, misi
yvavilebiT moCiTuli atlasis zedapiri, mooqrovili sazurge Tu
saxelurebi, rac rokokos stilSia gadawyvetili. igi, erTis mxriv,
gadmoscems modelis pozis komfortulobas, meores mxriv ki misi
mniSvnelovanebis, fizikuri da sulieri silamazis xazgasmas emsaxureba.
veriko gamosaxulia mokle WaRara TmiT, misi mkveTrad ganaTebuli
mravlismetyveli saxe, marjvniv, sivrceSi mimarTuli gamWriaxi mzera
amJRavnebs pirovnebis rTul Sinagan samyaros, mis araerTgvarovnebas;
mxatvari didi damajereblobiT gadmoscems artistis sulier simtkices,
cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas, sakuTari Rirsebisa Tu profesionalizmis
SegrZnebas. Mmsaxiobis eleganturi samosi, Savi alag-alag gamWvirvale
kaba, Zvirfasi samkauli (Zewkvi, kuloni, samajurebi) xazs usvams saxalxo
artistis gansakuTrebul rolsa da adgils sazogadoebaSi. Ggmiris
xasiaTis warmoCenaSi, rogorc wesi, yvelaze mniSvnelovan detals saxe
warmoadgens. 1970-iani wlebis portretebisagan gansxvavebiT aq saxe
gadmocemulia mkvrivi da ufro gluvad dawerili plastikuri formebiT,
raSic swored weris realisturi manera da mxatvris didi ostatoba
mJRavndeba. Aaqac, iseve rogorc wina portretebSi, didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba saxis ganaTebas, rac mkafiod avlens modelis saxis plastikas,
mis inteleqtualur bunebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavad garemo, figuris
aRqmis xasiaTi Tu pozis erTgvari artistizmi _ jdoma, gamoxedva,
xelebis mdgomareoba (erTi muxlze Tavisuflad dadebuli, meore
savarZelze idayvdayrdnobili da TavTan mibjenili) am suraTSi cxadad
warmoaCens pirovnebis Tanaziarobas Teatris samyarosTan. veriko Tavis
ampluaSia, misi STagoneba, Sinagani sxivi Tu SemoqmedebiTi aqtivoba
imdenad TvalSisacemia, rom iqmneba STabeWdileba TiTqos msaxiobi Tavis
erT-erT rols TamaSobs. A
amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am nawarmoebSi saxezea pirovnebis
erTgvari “idealizeba”, rac Taviseburad exmianeba qarTuli portretis
im tradicias, romelic l. gudiaSvilis namuSevrebisaTvis aris
niSandoblivi. Tuki erTmaneTs SevadarebT veriko anjafariZis da Tamar
ciciSvilis portretul saxeebs TvalsaCino gaxdeba, rom T. xuciSvilTan
modelis garkveuli idealizeba rCeba konkretuli pirovnebis, misi
88
individualurobis, xasiaTis mkafio gamoxatvis farglebSi, maSin, roca
l. gudiaSvilTan meti yuradReba eqceva mxatvruli saxis garegnul-
warmosaxviT interpretacias da ara misi Sinagani bunebis win wamowevas.
zemoT ganxilul portretebSi gamoyenebuli meTodis Tanaxmad T.
xuciSvili aqac mimarTavs wina planze gamosaxuli moculobiT-
plastikuri formebisa da ukana planis ganzogadebuli, ramdenadme
pirobiTad Sesrulebuli fonis, avejis gadmocemis efeqtur
dapirispirebas; suraTis kompoziciuri gaerTianebis xerxs, rogorc
avtors sCvevia, aqac ferTa TavSekavebuli gama da nawarmoebis saerTo
koloristuli gadawyveta warmoadgens. upiratesad igi efuZneba civi
molurjo-monacrisfro, moyavisfro-movardisfro tonebis
urTierTSeTanxmebas, romelzec mkveTrad gamoiyofa samosis didi moSavo
laqa da kabis nakecebis aRmniSvneli moTeTro-mocisfro refleqsebi.
mxatvari Cveuli ostatobiT gadmoscems Txeli abreSumis qsovilis
gamWvirvale faqturas, savarZlis atlasis priala zedapirs, samkaulis,
mooqrovili xis Tu spilenZis larnakis elvarebas. Tbili
naxevartonebiT da mkveTri ganaTebiT iZerweba sxeulis moculobiT-
plastikuri formebi, gansakuTrebiT saxe da xelebi. suraTis mxatvrul-
stilisturi gadawyveta eqvemdebareba realisturi xerxebis gadmocemis
princips, figuris plastikis warmoCenas da Sesabamisad adamianis
xasiaTis gamomJRavnebas. Mmxatvruli saxis gamomsaxvelobis, pirovnebis
Sinagani siRrmis gamoaSkaravebisa Tu maxvili daxasiaTebis kuTxiT es T.
xuciSvilis mier Sesrulebuli realisturi portretis erT-erTi
saukeTeso nimuSia, romelSic mTeli sisavsiT vlindeba mxatvris uzado
ostatoba, rogorc realisturi formis moculobiT-plastikuri
gadmocemis, ise modelis Sinagani wvdomis TvalsazrisiTac.
1980-ian wlebSi Sesrulebul portretebs Soris uSualobiT, naTeli,
xalisiani ganwyobiT gamoirCeva “qaliSvilis portreti~ (t/z. 70X60. 1981).
namuSevris muq moyavisfro fonze mkafiod gamoiyofa axalgazrda qalis
mkveTrad ganaTebuli mjdomare figura, romelsac sasuraTo sibrtyis
umetesi nawili uWiravs. personaJi gamosaxulia axlo planiT, rac
mxatvruli saxis farTo wakiTxvis saSualebas iZleva. misi sandomiani,
momRimari saxe, zedmiwevniT cocxali, metyveli Tvalebi, romlebic
89
uSualod mayurebels Sescqerian, models Sinagani xibliT, bunebrivi
silamaziT aRavsebs. qaliSvilis gamomsaxveli poza, xelebis plastika,
odnav zeaweuli marcxniv gadaxrili Tavi personaJs erTgvar Sinagan
mRelvarebas aniWebs. xelebis moxazuloba _ doinjSemoyrili marjvena,
muxlze dadebuli marcxena, TiTqos aCarCoebs dinamikur kompozicias da
sisruleSi mohyavs igi. namuSevari Tavisufali monasmebiT aris
Sesrulebuli. rbili tonaluri gadasvlebiT iZerweba sxeulis formebi,
saxis nakvTebi da samosi. sada muqi yavisferi kofTa, TeTri pijaki,
wiTeli yvavilebiT moCiTuli Savi qvedakaba daxvewil feradovan aqcents
qmnis. Zalze ostaturad aris gadmocemuli TeTri pijaki, romelic
cxovelxatulad aris dawerili monacrisfro-moyavisfro, moTeTro-
moyviTalo tonebiT. suraTis fonze, romelSic muqi moyavifro feri
dominirebs, datanilia moyavisfro-moSavo, mowiTalo-moruxo monasmebi,
rac Seesabameba namuSevris mTlian ferwerul struqturas. weris
Tavisufali maneriT, teqnikis srulyofili flobiT avtori aRwevs
mxatvruli saxis emociur gamomsaxvelobas, mkafiod warmoaCens naturis
xasiaTs, ganwyobilebas, fizikur Tu sulier mSvenierebas.
1980-90-ian wlebSi Sesrulebuli portretebSi T. xuciSvili
upiratesad SemoqmedebiTi inteligenciis warmomadgenlebs gamosaxavs,
aseTebia: “dodo WiWinaZis” (t/z. 93X123. 1981), “marika didebuliZis” (t/z.
60X55. 1980), “tariel quTaTelaZis” (t/z. 74X61. 1982), “manana abazaZis” (t/z.
50X40. 1996) da sxvaTa portretebi, romlebSic igi adamianur, humanistur
sawyisebs amkvidrebs. misi mxatvruli manera da gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi
faqtiurad erTgvarovania, kerZod es aris portretirebulis axlo
planiT gamosaxva, misi sulieri Tu fizikuri Rirsebebis win wamoweva,
modelis erTgvari uSualo aRqma, rac pirvel rigSi xazgasmulia
mayureblisaken mimarTuli mzeriT. es mxatvruli saxeebi ZiriTadad
interieris fonze yofiT garemoSi arian warmodgenilni, rac maT
erTgvar kamerul-intimur JReradobasac ganapirobebs. mxatvari
damajereblad warmoaCens modelis simSvides, Sinagan
gawonasworebulobas, sulier sifaqizes, inteleqts. am mxriv
niSandoblivia xelovnebaTmcodne “mzia janjalias portreti” (t/z. 63X55.
1983). suraTis TiTqmis kvadratuli formatis mTeli sibrtye uWiravs
90
oTaxis interieris fonze gamosaxul pirovnebas. misi savarZelSi mjdomi
msxvili planiT mocemuli figura gamosaxulia 3/4 brunSi, saxe naCvenebia
TiTqmis frontalurad. axalgazrda qalis farTod gaxelili Tvalebi,
lamazi saxis nakvTebi realisturi damajereblobiT gadmoscems mis
mimzidvel garegnobas; modelis poza, metyveli mzera, Tavisufali jdoma
Tu muxlebze dawyobili xelebi garkveulwilad sulieri simSvidis
gamovlenas ganapirobebs da TvalsaCinos xdis mis pirovnul xasiaTs.
rogorc wesi, namuSevarSi ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba saxesa da xelebze,
rac formaTa Zerwvis gulmodgine damuSavebiT gamoirCeva. samosi _
molurjo-monacisfro kaba, Savi Jileti da samkauli gadmoicema ufro
ganzogadebuli formebiT, pastozurad dawerili monasmebiT. namuSevris
foni maqsimalurad sazRvravs, Taviseburad ketavs suraTis sivrces, rac
kompoziciuri agebis kamerulobas ganapirobebs, Tumca es xerxi xels
uwyobs yuradRebis koncentracias Tavad portretze. miuxedavad amisa,
samganzomilebiani sivrcis gadmocema aq sxvadasxva sibrtyeebisa Tu
siRrmis realisturi CvenebiT perspeqtivis klasikuri kanonebis
gamoyenebis principebs eqvemdebareba. suraTis ukana planze gamosaxuli
sagnebi _ Taroze dawyobili saRebavis qilebi, magidaze dadebuli
Zveleburi spilenZis qvabi da Sandali, kedelze dakidebuli Zveleburi
xaliCa qmnis garkveul myudro garemos, erTgvar SemoqmedebiT
atmosferos, rac Taviseburad warmoaCens pirovnebis kavSirs xelovnebis
samyarosTan. am SemTxvevaSi fonismieri garemo erTgvari mizanmimarTuli
miniSnebaa portretirebulis daxasiaTebisaTvis.
T. xuciSvilis humanisturi damokidebuleba modelis mimarT
gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT mJRavndeba bavSvTa portretebSi. 1980-90-ian
wlebSi mxatvari qmnis bavSvTa portretebis mTel galereas: “irakli
Jvania” (m/z. 60X50. 1989), “rodami” (t/z. 50X40. 1989), “ Tiko CiraZe” (t/z.
60X70. 1993), “nanuka kalandaZe” (t/z. 70X60. 1993) da sxv., romlebic naTeli
ganwyobiT, sixalasiT da siTboTi arian gamsWvalulni. niSandoblivia,
rom portretuli Janris es metad rTuli da specifikuri nairsaxeoba
mxatvrisagan did Sinagan Zalisxmevas, SemoqmedebiT alRos moiTxovs. mas
sakmaod iSviaTad mimarTaven Tanamedrove qarTul mxatvrobaSi. T.
xuciSvils Seswevs unari damajereblad gadmosces bavSvis sulieri
91
samyaro, Rrmad da faqizad Cawvdes misi fsiqologiis Taviseburebebs.
rogorc wesi, es namuSevrebi moklebuli arian sentimentalurobas,
Tavisebur “sitkboebas”, rac arc Tu ise iSviaTad axasiaTebs am Janris
portretebs. mxatvari qmnis seriozul, gonier, bunebriobiT aRbeWdil
bavSvTa saxeebs, romlebic upiratesad interierSi arian warmodgenilni.
maTi pozebi gamoirCeva bavSvebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Zaldautanebeli,
Tavisufali moqmedebiT, plastikiT, JestikulaciiT. personaJebis uSualo
aRqmas, maT gulwrfelobas gansazRvravs modelis msxvili xediT
gamosaxva, saxisa da mzeris aqcentireba, rac mxatvris erT-erT
damaxasiaTebel niSnad gvevlineba; gamosaxulebis mkafioebas, sicxades
kidev ufro akonkretebs sivrcobrivad Caketili kameruli garemo,
romelic saerTo kompoziciuri gadawyvetis simSvidesa da
gawonasworebulobas usvams xazs. interieris detalebi, aqsesuari
gamoyenebulia zomierad. miuxedavad gamomsaxveli faqturisa da
cxovelxatuli ferweruli damuSavebisa samosi garkveuli sisadaviT
xasiaTdeba. koloristuli gama yvela namuSevarSi daxvewili da
TavSekavebulia.
amrigad, 1980-90-ian wlebSi Sesrulebul nawarmoebTa mxatvrul
gadawyvetaSi TvalsaCino xdeba avtoris xedvisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
Taviseburebani, rac sxvadasxva gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis ostatur
gadmocemaSi mJRavndeba. kerZod esaa: weris cxovelxatuli ferweruli
manera, realisturi sicxade da damajerebloba, kompoziciis saerTo
struqturis sisadave, formaTa Zerwvis moculobiT-plastikuri
metyveleba, TavSekavebuli koloristuli gama da a.S. 1970-ian wlebSi
Sesrulebul namuSevrebTan SedarebiT isini xasiaTdebian portretis
gaazrebis erTgvari renesansul-klasikuri midgomiT; amaSi igulisxmeba
ara konkretulad renesansis epoqis portretuli saxeebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi _ zogadad adamianis, rogorc samyaros baton-
patronis, misi gansakuTrebuli dominanturi mdgomareobis gadmocema,
aramed upirveles yovlisa konkretuli pirovnebis adamianuri,
humanisturi sawyisebis wina planze wamoweva, misi sulieri da fizikuri
harmoniis dafiqsirebis mcdeloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom T. xuciSvilis
portretebis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas warmoadgens modelisa da misi
92
garemomcveli sivrcis erTi ganwyobiT gadmocema, maT Soris kavSiri.
magram miuxedavad imisa, rom isini mayurebelTan kontaqtSi arian, es
personaJebi mainc garkveuli ganyenebulobiT arian aRbeWdilni, isini
TiTqos sakuTar sivrceSi rCebian da samyaros pasiuri WvretiT
xasiaTdebian.
1990-iani wlebidan T. xuciSvilis SemoqmedebaSi arsebiTi cvlilebebi
SeiniSneba, rac pirvel rigSi gamoxatulebas hpovebs portretis ufro
akademiur, “klasicistur” gaazrebaSi. kerZod, modelis fizikuri
msgavsebis ostatur gadmocemasTan erTad mxatvari did yuradRebas
uTmobs garegnul efeqtebs, TvalnaTliv avlens pirovnebis maRal
socialur statuss, sazogadoebaSi mis erTgvar dawinaurebul
mdgomareobas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cvens winaSea axali fenis,
Tanamedrove burJuaziis warmomadgenelTa reprezentaciuli portretebi.
magaliTisaTvis gamodgeba “gia joxTaberiZis portreti” (t/z. 80X65. 2002).
iseve rogorc adreul nawarmoebebSi modeli mocemulia msxvili xediT
3/4 brunSi. personaJi warmodgenilia rTuli poziT, misi mjdomare
figura aRiqmeba marcxnidan marjvniv, qvemodan zemoT, marcxena xeliT
igi savarZlis kides eyrdnoba. saxe da sxeuli mocemulia frontalurad,
erTmaneTze gadaWdobili xelis mtevnebi TiTqos asrulebs kompozicias.
pozis amgvari gaazreba Taviseburad usvams xazs portretirebulis
mniSvnelovanebas, Tavdajerebulobas. mkvrivad, Suq-Crdilovani
modelirebiT gadmocemuli saxis nakvTebi, mayueblisaken mimarTuli
koncentrirebuli mzera pirovnebis mtkice xasiaTis warmoCenas
emsaxureba. niSandoblivia, rom pirovnebis reprezentaciulobis, Rirsebis
SegrZnebis, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis rwmenis ganmsazRvreli faqtori aq
aris aramarto personaJis mediduri poza, aramed misi sada, gemovnebiT
SerCeuli samosi, minimalurad, met-naklebi aqcentirebiT gadmocemuli
aqsesuari (oqros Zewkvi, Zvirfasi saaTi). figura gamosaxulia ganyenebul
neitralur fonze, romlis ZiriTadi Sua are damuSavebulia gluvad
dawerili moyavisfro-monacrisfro-momwvano tonebiT, xolo kideebi
molurjo-moyavisfro CrdilebiT. kompoziciis centraluri nawilis
ganaTebul moyavisfro fonze mkveTrad gamoiyofa personaJis silueti,
kerZod ganzogadebulad dawerili Savi qurTuki, romlis nakecebi aseve
93
Savi feris, ufro muqi tonebiT aris modelirebuli. arc fonis, arc
samosis da saxis damuSavebaSi mxatvari faqtiurad aRar iyenebs
Tavisufal pastozs, maTi gadmocemisas plastikuri formebi
gulmodgined iwereba faqizi ferweruli da Suq-Crdilovani
modelirebiT, rac mxatvruli formebis realistur sicxades
ganapirobebs. gluvi, realisturi weris principi ramdenadme darRveulia
cisferi perangis gadmocemaSi, sadac erTmaneTs enacvleba civi
molurjo-moTeTro, mocisfro da movardisfro Tavisuflad dadebuli
tonebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom neitraluri pirobiTi fonisa da moculobiT-
plastikuri formebis efeqturi dapirispirebiT aq kidev ufro
TvalsaCino xdeba iluzoruloba, gamosaxulebis samganzomilebianoba,
romelic realisturi ferweruli skolis saukeTeso tradiciebs efuZneba
da dasavleT evropul xelovnebaSi XVII s-idan momdinareobs.
kompoziciuri sicxade, muqi, TavSekavebuli koloriti, weris akademiuri
manera da gamosaxulebis mkafioeba namuSevars erTgvar “klasicistur”
simkacres aniWebs.
msgavsi mxatvrul-stilisturi TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeba “manana
SevardnaZis portreti” (t/z. 76X63. 1999). modeli aqac gamosaxulia rTuli
poziT 3/4 brunSi, figura diagonalurad ikiTxeba marjvnidan marcxniv da
qvemodan zemoT, Tumca misi erTgvari moSvebuloba, skamis sazurges
miyrdnobili korpusi ar iwvevs personaJis reprezentaciulobis gancdas.
mxatvars ZiriTadi aqcenti gadaaqvs portretirebulis Cafiqrebul
saxeze, romelSic erTgvari lirikuli ganwyobis Cvenebis mcdeloba
ikiTxeba. miuxedavad amisa, misi sivrceSi mimarTuli mzera sakmaod
ganyenebulia. figura aqac warmodgenilia movardisfro-mocisfro
monasmebiT gluvad daweril neitralur fonze, rac xels uwyobs misi
mkvrivi, moculobiT-plastikuri formebis mkafiod warmoCenas. sxeulis
formebi, saxis nakvTebi rbili Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT iZerweba da
erTgvari xelSesaxebi sicxadiT xasiaTdeba. am SemTxvevaSi pirovnebis
socialuri statusis warmosaCenad gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba
ara imdenad modelis pozas, ramdenadac realisturi damajereblobiT
Sesrulebul aqsesuars. oqros faqturis mZafri SegrZnebiT aris
dawerili mdidruli samkauli _ saaTi, samajuri, Zewkvi, sayure, beWdebi,
94
aseve gamomsaxvelia kabis Zvirfasi qsovili. yovelive es xazs usvams
portretirebulis moxdenil garegnobas. namuSevris koloritSi
dominirebs Tbili moyavisfro-mooqrosfro tonebi. niSandoblivia, rom
Tavisi kompoziciuri gadawyvetiT, formatiT, zomiT, weris maneriT,
modelis gaazrebiT Tu erTgvarovani xasiaTiT es suraTebi
Sewyvilebuli portretis nimuSadac SeiZleba miviCnioT, rac SesaZloa
dakveTis xasiaTiTac aris nakarnaxevi.
Taviseburi civi reprezentaciulobiT xasiaTdeba “margaritas
portreti” (t/z. 128X95. 2004). savarZelSi mjdomi qalbatonis frontaluri
poza, jdomis manera, Jestikulaciis garkveuli maneruloba, mkacri
gamometyveleba xazs usvams mis pretenziul, qedmaRlur xasiaTs da amave
dros portretirebulis garegnobis afiSirebas. faqturis
gansakuTrebuli SegrZnebiT, formis erTgvari naturalisturi
gadmocemiT xasiaTdeba misi eleganturi samosi da aqsesuari _ momwvano-
moruxo Rrmad dekoltirebuli palto, romelsac igive feris fafuki boa
amSvenebs, Calmis tipis moyavisfro Tavsaburavi, romlis naoWebi didi
Tvliani broSiT aris Sekruli, mdidruli samkauli _ firuzisTvlebiani
samajuri, beWdebi, savarZelze dafenili leopardis bewvi da a. S. iqmneba
STabeWdileba, rom Tavisi gamomsaxvelobiT, poziT, samosiT suraTze
warmodgenili personaJi TiTqos Tavad usvams xazs sakuTar
upiratesobas, socialur statuss, materialur keTildReobas, rac,
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, dakveTis xasiaTidan Tu damkveTis interesebidan
momdinareobs.
Mamdenad, am periodSi Sesrulebuli portretebis mxatvruli
gadawyvetis principebi faqtiurad erTgvarovani xdeba da ganisazRvreba
xazgasmuli realisturobisaken, erTgvari naturalizmisaken swrafviT.
modelis garegnul niSnebs mxatvari zedmiwevniT zustad, mTeli
damajereblobiT gadmoscems. rbili Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT, faqizi
tonaluri gadasvlebiT iwereba sxeulis formebi, iZerweba sagnebi.
niSandoblivia, rom T. xuciSvilis mier 1900-2000-ian wlebSi
Sesrulebuli nawarmoebebis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs warmoadgens
kompoziciuri mkafioeba, sivrculi wyoba, neitraluri foni, efeqturi
ganaTeba, TavSekavebuli koloriti da a. S.
95
T. xuciSvilis mravalferovan SemoqmedebaSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
adgili Janrul ferweras ukavia, maT Sorisaa kompoziciebi yofiTi
specifikis sruli gamovleniT da siuJeturi xasiaTis nawarmoebebi. esenia
garkveuli socialuri jgufebisa Tu tipebis amsaxveli scenebi, Janruli
elementebiT aRbeWdili portretebi da sxv. Ees kameruli suraTebi
Tavisebur intimur garemos qmnian, sadac mxatvruli saxeebi sakuTar
TavSi davanebul, “gardasul dReTa” personaJebad warmogvidgebian da
garkveuli romantizebiT xasiaTdebian.
Janruli suraTisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli calkeuli epizodis
gamosaxvisa Tu ambis detalizebuli Txrobis tendencia mJRavndeba
namuSevarSi “duqani” (t/z. 125X150. 1975), sadac adamianebi da maTi
garemocva Tavisebur samyaros qmnian. nawarmoebs naTeli, dasrulebuli
struqtura gaaCnia, rac Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs mis ferwerul-
plastikur erTianobas da avlens mxatvris gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
arqiteqtonikisa da koloristuli saSualebebis mimarT. sivrce aq
suraTis sibrtyis paralelurad siRrmeSi nela iSleba da Taviseburi
mravalplanianobis iluzias qmnis. sainteresoa, rom kompozicias
faqtiurad or Tanabar ared hyofs xis masiuri moyavisfro daxli, rac
or ZiriTad paralelur plans warmoSobs. wina planze suraTis marcxena
kuTxeSi gamosaxulia mimtanis mjdomare, 3/4-iT Semobrunebuli figura.
aRsaniSnavia am axalgazrda qeraTmiani qalis portretuli daxasiaTeba,
farTod gaxelili metyveli Tvalebi, romlebic pirdapir mnaxvels
Sehyurebs. misi Cacmuloba _ muqi vardisferi kaba, TeTri winsafari,
TeTrzoliani yviTeli perangi Tu muxlebze dafenili Ria moyavisfro
tilo nawarmoebSi aqtiur feradovan aqcents qmnis. suraTis marjvena
kuTxeSi, mimtani qalis gaswvriv, moTavsebulia xis masiuri, muqi
yavisferi kasri, romelic kompoziciis Tavisebur mdgradobas da mTavar
moculobaTa marTebul Tanafardobas gansazRvravs. suraTis meore
planze, kompoziciis centrSi gamosaxulia msuqani mamakacis daxls miRma
mdgomi figura. misi saxasiaTo, bunebrivi poza, TeTri perangis
akapiwebuli saxeloebi, TeTri qudi Tu Ria moyavisfro winsafari
personaJs meduqnis tipiur iers aniWebs. misi saxe aseve
individualizebulia da konkretul niSnebs atarebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom am
96
personaJebis saxeebSi ikiTxeba erTgvari sevda, gaucxoeba, mxatvris mier
maTi Sinagani, pirovnuli TviTgancdis gadmocemis mcdeloba. metyveli da
dinamikuria suraTis zeda marjvena kuTxeSi warmodgenili scena, rogorc
Cans es duqnis samzareuloa, sadac sayofacxovrebo saqmianobiT
dakavebuli sami personaJia gamosaxuli. TavianTi proporciuli
SefardebiT, bundovani ganaTebis specifikiT isini siRrmeSi aRiqmebian,
rac garkveulwilad mesame planis gancdas badebs. Tavisi kompoziciuri
wyobiT, dinamikuri ritmiT, erTiani ganwyobiT Tu saxeTa ganzogadebiT
es scena TiTqos damoukidebel xasiaTs iZens. am STabeWdilebas kidev
ufro aZlierebs samzareulos scenis aqcentireba misi SemomsazRvreli
CarCoebiT, rasac suraTis ukana planze mocemuli Taros vertikali da
daxlis horizontali qmnis. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, koloristuli
TvalsazrisiT, kompoziciis es nawili srul harmoniaSia suraTis erTian
Tbil moyavisfro gamasTan. gansakuTrebuli sicxoveliT, xelSesaxebi
sicxadiT gadmoscems mxatvari daxlze Tu Taroebze dawyobil sagnebs _
xiliT savse faifuris vazas, minis ludis kaTxebs, vercxlisfer
samovars, Sampanurisa Tu Rvinis boTlebs, romlebic misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli realisturi gamomsaxvelobiT, faqturulobisa da
plastikurobis mZafri SegrZnebiT xasiaTdeba.
yofiT Temaze Sesrulebuli suraTis erT-erTi magaliTia “mrecxavi”
(t/z 38X32, 1986). suraTze gamosaxulia oTaxis fragmenti, sadac mxatvari
warmogvidgens mrecxav qals. interieris marcxena nawili karebis RiobiT
aris CamoWrili. kompoziciis aseTi kadrirebuli ageba mTavarze
yuradRebis fiqsirebis, konkretuli adamianis daxasiaTebis Taviseburi
saSualebaa. aRsaniSnavia, rom aq mxatvris mTavari amocana ara
portretuloba, aramed yofiTi aspeqtis uSualo gadmocemaa, romlis
mxatvruli ganzogadebis safuZvels konkretuli movlenis asaxva
warmoadgens. personaJis daxasiaTebaSi wamyvani mniSvneloba Tematur
motivs eniWeba _ centraluri adgili kompoziciaSi wina planze
gamosaxul sarecxis moyavisfro taSts da molurjo Tungs ukavia, rac
fizikur Sromaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. Suq-Crdili da ganaTeba,
rogorc wesi, T. xuciSvilis saxviTi enis mniSvnelovani faqtoria.
sinaTlis Suqi, romelic marcxnidan ecema taStze daxril figuras,
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yvelaze mkafiod wina plans _ farTo, Tavisufali monasmebiT daweril
qalis masiur sxeuls, Ronier xelebs anaTebs da gamosaxulebas erTgvar
reliefurobas aniWebs. mimzidveli da efeqturia ganaTebisa da daxvewili
moyavisfro koloritis erTianobiT gaJRenTili sivrculi garemocva.
suraTis saerTo kompoziciuri gadawyvetis lakonizmi, mTavarze
yuradRebis gamaxvileba qmnis mxatvruli ganzogadebisa da saxis farTo
wakiTxvis saSualebas.
siuJetur_saxeobrivi da realisturi daxasiaTebis simkveTriT
gamoirCeva “lxini” (t/x 63X85, 1994). es aris Janruli kompoziciis
tradiciuli formis suraTi, romelSic yofiTi Temis erT-erTi epizodi
_ myudro oTaxSi gaSlil sufrasTan msxdomi moqeifeTa scena aris
warmodgenili. niSandoblivia, rom namuSevarSi dro dakonkretebuli da
TiTqos SeCerebulia, rac Janrul stilistikas Seesabameba. aq yuradReba
realistur gamomsaxvelobazea gadatanili, rasac siuJeturi motivis
simaxvile gansazRvravs. kompoziciis wina planze gamosaxul mdidrul
magidas sami pirovneba uzis, marcxnidan marjvniv maTi ganlageba da
moqmedeba Semdegnairad viTardeba _ wiTel samxedro mundirSi
gamowyobili mamakaci papiross abolebs, mis gverdiT mjdomi saTvaliani
axalgazrda gitaras ukravs, fexze mdgomi msuqani mamakaci, romelic
doqidan wiTel Rvinos asxams da megobrul nadims maspinZlobs, Tavad
avtori _ T. xuciSvilia. moqeifeTa rigs asrulebs suraTis marjvena
kuTxeSi moTavsebuli Coxiani mamakacis profilSi mocemuli figura,
romlis SezarxoSebuli mzera mayureblisaken aris mimarTuli. moqmedeba
mimdinareobs neitraluri moyavisfro ferisa da rbili ganaTebis
gradaciiT Seqmnil sivrcul garemocvaSi. igi warmoadgens intimur
interiers _ oTaxis kedeli morTulia yvavilebiT moCiTuli SpaleriT,
gamomsaxvelia ornamentul oqrosfer CarCoSi Casmuli suraTis
fragmenti bundovani peizaJis miniSnebiT, suraTis zeda marjvena
kuTxidan daSvebuli mZime atlasis farda. didi ostatobiT, faqturis
naturalisturi gadmocemiT aris Sesrulebuli TeTr sufraze
dalagebuli daxvewili naturmorti _ minis, faifuris, vercxlis
WurWeli. mxatvari realisturi sicxadiT, detalurad amowers personaJTa
tansacmels, sxvadasxva aqsesuars da a.S. yovelive es sagnobrivi samyaros
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ferwerulad gadmocemuli materialuri arsis warmoCenas emsaxureba.
eWvgareSea personaJTa portretuloba, maTi Cacmuloba Tu metyveli
pozebi xasiaTTa sxvadasxvaobas ganapirobebs da amavdroulad
TavadaznaurTa socialuri fenis warmoCenas emsaxureba. Aaq naTlad
vlindeba mxatvris nostalgia, rogorc zogadad warsulis, ise am
gardasuli klasis warmomadgenelTa mimarT, rac tipaJisa da Temis
Taviseburi gaidealizebiTac gamoixateba. niSandoblivia, rom suraTis
emociur-ferweruli agebis gadamwyveti faqtoria Suq-Crdili da ganaTeba,
romelic formis moculobiT-plastikuri daxasiaTebis garda
kompoziciis sivrcul struqturas ganapirobebs. ganaTebis ramdenime zona
kompoziciaSi figurebs garemomcveli sivrcidan gamoyofs, amasTan erTad
sivrciTi fonis Tbili yavisferi feris tonaluri gradaciis wyalobiT
namuSevarSiH harmoniuli ferweruli mTlianoba iqmneba. Sesrulebis
erTgvari naturalisturi maneriT, gamosaxuli scenis fotografiuli
xasiaTiT, realuri modelebis romantizebuli warmoCeniT mxatvari
TiTqos erTmaneTTan akavSirebs warsulsa da awmyos, warmarTavs
Tavisebur uwyvet dialogs warmodgenil mxatvrul saxeebsa da
mayurebels Soris.
T. xuciSvilis iseT nawarmoebebSi, rogorebicaa: “azieli”, “astamuri”,
“elene. aRmosavluri sizmari” da sxv. Janruli scenis mxatvruli
interpretacia erTgvari orientalizmiT STagonebul iersaxes iZens.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am kompoziciebSi gaZlierebulia dekoratiuli
safuZveli da naturuli aRqma TiTqos meore planze inacvlebs. figura,
silueti, moZraoba gaazrebulia maxvilad, groteskulad. kompoziciis
dekoratiuli erTianobisa da dinamikuri xasiaTis SeqmnaSi didi
mniSvneloba eniWeba feradovan laqebs, pastozur monasmebs, rac figuris,
sagnis, ferweruli zedapiris erTgvar Tanasworobas amkvidrebs.
koloritis, ganaTebis gansakuTrebuli roli mxatvruli saxis
daxasiaTebaSi kargad Cans suraTSi “azieli”(m/z. 36X26. 1972). eqspresiuli
pastozuri monasmebiT Sesrulebuli moyavisfro tonalur-sivrculi
fonidan mZlavri SuqiT gamokveTilia fexze mdgomi mamakacis figura,
romlis damaxasiaTebeli Cacmuloba – wiTeli Wvintiani waRebi, farTo
moyavisfro-mowiTalo xalaTi Tu mrgvali moTeTro-mowiTalo qudi
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naTlad mianiSnebs mis aRmosavlur warmomavlobaze. aRsaniSnavia, rom
personaJi rTuli rakursiT xasiaTdeba _ fexebi da tani mocemulia
profilSi, saxe ki anfasSia gamosaxuli. figura TiTqos qvemodan zemoT
ikiTxeba, rasac axlos motanili kadri da poza gansazRvravs; amgvar
niuansebs kompoziciaSi garkveuli dinamikuri impulsi Semoaqvs, Tumca
miuxedavad yovelive amisa, aq modelis garegnuli statika aris
aqcentirebuli. namuSevarSi yuradReba gadatanilia tipaJis
ganwyobilebis gadmocemaze. dinamikuri pastozuri monasmebi, efeqturi
ganaTeba, kontrastuli Suq-Crdilebi gmiris Sinagan samyaroSi
CaRrmavebis Taviseburi xerxia. sinaTlis moZravi blikebi saxesa Tu
samosze, warbebis qvevidan momarTuli daxrili mzera amJRavnebs
personaJis melanqoliur bunebas da xazs usvams misi pirovnuli
Tvisebebis warmoCenas. koloritisa da ganaTebis mWidro
urTierTkavSiriT, ferisa da sinaTlis sinTeziT mxatvari adamians
garkveul sulier mdgomareobaSi gadmoscems.
msgavsi mxatvrul stilisturi amocanebi iCens Tavs namuSevarSi
“astamuri” (t/z 24X19, 1998). es aris kameruli Janruli suraTi, sadac
yuradReba tipaJur gamomsaxvelobazea gamaxvilebuli. erTfiguriani
kompoziciis centrSi gamosaxulia moxucis 3/4-iT mocemuli mjdomare
figura, romlis amayi, koncentrirebuli mzera mayureblisaken aris
mimarTuli. ganaTebas, Suq-Crdils am namuSevris mxatvrul-saxeobriv
sistemaSic wamyvani roli akisria. rbili ganaTebiT aqcentirebuli wina
plani, moxucis Sinagani RirsebiT gamsWvaluli saxe da mis ferxTiT
dawyobili Tixis WurWeli, mis ukan kedelze dacemuli mkveTri Crdilis
lokaluri laqebi namuSevars saocar sicxoveles, dinamizms aniWebs.
faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebiT Sesrulebuli moyavisfro-moruxo
neitraluri foni Savi samosiT mosil personaJTan ferisa da formis
zedmiwevniT efeqtur kontrasts qmnis, rac amavdroulad sivrcis
gansakuTrebul SegrZnebas iZleva da mxatvruli saxis mniSvnelovanebas
usvams xazs. gmiris Tavisebureba gaxsnilia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
niSnebis gamovleniT konkretuli drois zRvarze, konkretuli
saxismetyvelebiT, CacmulobiT, anturaJiT; siuJetur-saxeobrivi Txrobis
lakonizmi, interesi sinaTlisadmi, faqturis erTgvari “gaxsniloba” da
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Tavisufali xasiaTi, modelis swrafi daxasiaTeba erTi amosunTqviT
Sesrulebuli suraTis STabeWdilebas tovebs da mas Tavisebur
romantizebul elfers sZens. tradiciuli tipis Janruli suraTisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli calkeuli epizodis gamosaxvis an detalizebuli
Txrobis nacvlad T. xuciSvili namuSevarSi mxatvruli saxis mTlian
xasiaTs qmnis.
kompoziciuri agebis erTgvari plastikur-ritmuli gadawyveta
ikveTeba namuSevarSi “elene. aRmosavluri sizmari” (t/z 27X22. 1999),
romelic dinamikuri formebisa da feris gamomsaxvelobiTi Tvisebebis
maqsimaluri gamovleniT xasiaTdeba. am kameruli xasiaTis Janrul
suraTSi tilos formatis mTeli vertikali qalis gamosaxulebas ukavia.
xedvis wertili aq SerCeulia ise, rom namuSevris centrSi mocemuli
mjdomare figura qvemodan zemoT ikiTxeba. am STabeWdilebas aZlierebs
misi daxrili Tvalebi da qvemoT mimarTuli mzera, rac personaJs
Tavisebur idumalebas aniWebs. zedmiwevniT metyvelia portretirebulis
rTuli rakursi, romelsac erTgvari zigzagiseburi ritmi axasiaTebs _
modelis marcxniv mobrunebuli qveda tani da marjvniv gadaxrili Tavi
3/4-iT aris mocemuli, mkerdi da weli ki TiTqos anfasSi ikiTxeba.
personaJis graciozul pozas dinamikurobas matebs zeaweuli xelebi,
natifi TiTebiT igi Tavsamkauls ikeTebs. modelis gardamavali, narnari
moZraoba, eleganturi Cacmuloba Tu daxvewili aqsesuari (margalitis
sayure, oqros samajuri) mas erTgvar idealizebul iersaxes aniWebs.
namuSevris koloristul dominants yavisferi warmoadgens, romlis
ufaqizesi tonaluri gadasvlebi daxvewil, mdidar ferwerul gamas qmnis.
Ria moyavisfro-moyviTalo ferebSia Sesrulebuli qalis kaba. muqi
yavisferi monasmebiT iqmneba misi Tavsaburavi Tu welze Sekruli
korseti, romelic moxdenili figuris mrgval formebs gamokveTs. farTo,
Tavisufali moTeTro monasmebiT aris dawerili gulsmibneuli bafTa,
rac didi zomis yvavilis imitacias qmnis; igive moyavisfro-moTeTro
tonalur registrSi gadmocemuli kabaze datanili sqeli laqebi
Taviseburad acocxlebs suraTis zedapirs da ametyvelebs formas. qalis
sxeulis nawilobrivi siSiSvle _ saxe, mkerdi, xelebi, Sesrulebulia
movardisfro-moTeTro Txeli monasmebiT, rac adamianis kanis bunebriv
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tonebs gadmoscems. kompoziciis qveda nawilSi spontanurad ganlagebuli
minis burTebi realisturi sicxadiT amJRavneben TavianT gamWvirvale
faqturas, am Tavisebur butaforiul motivs suraTSi erTgvari
Teatralurobis elementi Semoaqvs, rac garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, isedac
axasiaTebs aRniSnul scenas. namuSevari sxvadasxva intensiurobis
moyavisfro fonzea warmodgenili. figura marcxnidan mkveTri SuqiT
aris ganaTebuli, rac mkafiod gamokveTs plastikurad modelirebul
formebs, akonkretebs detalebs, gamoyofs sagnebs da gamosaxulebas
gansakuTrebul cxovelxatulobas aniWebs. kompoziciis marjvena mxares
dadebuli muqi yavisferi lokaluri laqebi Rrma Crdilebs qmnian, rac
arRvevs fonismieri garemos Tavisebur neitralurobas da suraTSi
sivrcobriobis gancda Semoaqvs.
niSandoblivia, rom msgavs kompoziciebSi, sadac cekvis scenebia
gamosaxuli, avtori realobisa da fantastikis Tavisebur Sexamebas
mimarTavs. maTSi Tavs iCens erTgvari Teatraluri mizanscenis Tu
scenografiuli sivrcisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mxatvruli principebi.
aseTia: “aRmosavleli mocekvave”(t/z. 50X60. 1978), “mocekvave minis
burTiT”(t/z. 45X40. 1998) da sxv. Yyovelive es badebs garkveul
asociaciebs l. gudiaSvilis da al. baJbeuq-meliqovis Tematur
kompoziciebTan. Aam mxatvrebis mier Seqmnili warmosaxviTi samyaro,
romelic dasaxlebulia sxvadasxvagvari fantastikuri personaJebiT,
mocekvaveebiT, klounesebiT, akrobatebiT da a. S. yovelgvari realuri
garemos, konkretuli droisa da sivrcis miRma arsebobs. T.
xuciSvilisaTvis ucxoa amgvari “gamomgonebloba”. marTalia, masTan
moqmedebis areali an gmiri Teatralizebul planSia warmodgenili,
gamosaxuleba mainc savsebiT dakonkretebul, realistur sivrceSi
aRiqmeba.
Tamaz xuciSvilis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawarmoebia “aTas
cxraas ocdaerTi weli” (t/z 130X120, 1984), romelic istoriul Temazea
Sesrulebuli da wiTeli armiis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis saerTo
suraTs asaxavs. igi avlens avtoris SemoqmedebiT miswrafebebs, im
tendenciebs, romlebic mxatvris siuJeturi kompoziciebis Taviseburebebs
gansazRvravs. aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad Tamaturi motivisa, siuJetis
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kompoziciuri gadawyveta ar xasiaTdeba konkretuli istoriuli
movlenis CvenebiT, tradiciuli qarTuli istoriuli suraTis heroizmiTa
da amaRlebulobiT. Sinaarsis gadmocemis xasiaTi, scenis kameruli
gaazreba, personaJTa mcirericxovani jgufis aqcentireba, yofiTi
detalebis wina planze wamoweva gansazRvravs suraTis Janrul
interpretacias. niSandoblivia, rom suraTSi sivrce dominirebs,
mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba peizaJs, romelic siRrmeSia ganviTarebuli.
mis fonze mkafiod gamoiyofa kompoziciis wina plani _ suraTis
marcxena mxares gamosaxuli samfiguriani jgufi. esaa qarTuli
inteligenciis erTgvari krebiTi, simboluri saxe. Tanadroul qarTul
da evropul samosSi gamowyobili darbaiseli adamianebi iZulebulni
arian datovon samSoblo. avtoris damokidebuleba personaJebis mimarT
aqtiuria, rac realizebulia mxatvrul saxeebSi, scenis detalebSi,
sagnebis gadmocemaSi. kompoziciis dinamikur ritms qmnis figuraTa
pozebi, maTi sivrceSi ganTavseba, suraTis siRrmisaken mimavali
mrudxazovani gza, romelzec iaraRasxmuli jariskacebi miabijeben.
mxatvari iswrafvis realuri viTarebis SegrZnebis Seqmnisaken, romelic
konkretul drosa da sivrceSi arsebobs da amavdroulad ganapirobebs
mis Tanaziarobas zogadTan. namuSevris Sinaarsobrivi da kompoziciuri
detalebis aqcentirebas emsaxureba ganaTeba. Camavali mzis mowiTalo
Suqi mkveTrad anaTebs Rrublebs, mTebs, xeebs, saxls da ganapirobebs
kompoziciis emociur JReradobas. erTgvari xelovnuri Suqi efineba gzas,
suraTis marjvena kuTxeSi gamosaxul qvis monoliTuri moajiris
fragments da masze dadebul qvis larnaks, romelSic movardisfro-
moTeTro yvavilebia. es efeqturi, Teatraluri mxatvrobisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ganaTeba mTavarisa da meorexarisxovanis aqcentirebis
mizanmimarTuli xerxia. am principis Sesabamisad ganaTeba mkveTrad
gamoyofs nawarmoebis mTavar personaJebs, romlebic mxatvruli saxeebis
konkretulobiT, individualuri daxasiaTebiT gamoirCevian. ganaTeba
xels uwobs mxatvruli saxeebis emociurobis gamovlenas. amave dros
saxeTa damaxasiaTebeli portretulobis miRma aqac garkveuli
socialuri fenis ganzogadebuli istoriuli tipaJebi ikiTxeba.
nawarmoebis daxvewili, Tbili feradovani gama, romelic upiratesad
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moyavisfro-moyviTalo, movardisfro-movercxlisfro tonebzea agebuli,
zrdis mxatvrul saxeTa emociurobasa da aRqmis uSualobas. aq
plastikurad modelirebuli ferweruli forma ufro detalizebulia,
didi yuradReba eniWeba masalis faqturulobas. yovelive es ki
mxatvruli formis is komponentebia, romlebic T. xuciSvilis saxeTa
mxatvruli wyobis individualizms gansazRvraven.
amrigad, aRniSnuli nawarmoebebis mxatvruli analizis safuZvelze
ikveTeba, rom Janris forma, romelic realobis yofiTi elementebis
gadmocemas gulisxmobs, T. xuciSvilTan iZens rogorc xazgasmulad
viwro xasiaTs, aseve ufro ganzogadebul mxatvrul interpretacias.
zogierT SemTxvevaSi (“mrecxavi”, “astamuri”, “elene. aRmosavluri
sizmari”) Janrul scenebs suraTis saerTo kompoziciuri gadawyvetis
lakonizmi, Sinaarsis ganzogadeba da mTavarze aqcentis dasma gamoarCevs.
ramdenadme gansxvavebulia Janris interpretacia iseT namuSevrebSi,
rogorebicaa: “duqani”, “lxini”, “aTas cxraas ocdaerTi weli”, sadac
calkeuli epizodis gamosaxvisa Tu ambis detalizebuli Txrobis
tendencia vlindeba. Tamaz xuciSvilis mxatvruli meTodi efuZneba
akademiur-realisturi weris maneras. sivrcisa da formis plastikuri
Zerwvis ZiriTad saSualebas ferTa faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebi,
ostaturi Suq-Crdilovani modelireba, sagnobriv-moculobiTi
gamomsaxveloba gansazRvravs. feri T. xuciSvilis ZiriTadi
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebaa. igi misTvis ara mxolod formaTqmnadobis
umTavresi komponenti, aramed kompoziciuri mTlianobisa da emociuri
metyvelebis umniSvnelovanesi maxasiaTebelia. Mmxatvris kompoziciebi
gawonasworebuli struqturiT, Sinagani wesrigiT xasiaTdebian, rac
namuSevrebis mxatvrul mTlianobas gansazRvravs. ferwerul-
koloristul da kompoziciur sawyisebTan erTad avtoris saxviTi enis
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria ganaTeba, romelic mkafiod gamokveTs
arsebiTs_axasiaTebs mxatvrul saxes, akonkretebs sagnebs, detalebs, igi
garkveulwilad Teatraluri mxatvrobis specifikas efuZneba.
movlenebis amgvari gaazreba Tavad avtoris individualuri gancdiT aris
ganpirobebuli, rac mas Taviseburi xedvisa da originaluri xelweris
mqone Semoqmedad warmoaCens.
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Tavi IV. gogi CageliSvilis Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi.
Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
warmomadgenlis gogi CageliSvilis Semoqmedeba SesaZloa saWiroebdes
msjelobas ara mxolod tradiciuli xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi analizis
TvalsazrisiT, aramed garkveuli mxatvrul-esTetikuri kategoriebiTac,
rac avtoris msoflaRqmiT, mxatvruli maneriT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis
specifikiT aris ganpirobebuli. Mmis SemoqmedebaSiN naTlad ikveTeba
mxatvrul-saxeobriv azrovnebaSi mimdinare is saerTo cvlilebebi,
romlebic 1970-80-iani wlebis mijnaze qarTul ferweraSi axali,
mniSvnelovani etapis dawyebas moaswavebda. am droisaTvis xelovnebaSi
sayovelTaod miRebuli Sexedulebebisa Tu azrebis gadafasebis periodi
iwyeba, ramac gansazRvra mxatvruli Ziebebis xasiaTi da xelovnebis
tradiciuli Janrebisadmi axleburi midgoma ganapiroba.
1964_71 wlebSi g. CageliSvili Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis
studentia. is jer dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis fakultetze
swavlobs, mesame kursidan ki ferweris fakultetze gadadis da
gamoCenili mxatvris uCa jafariZis saxelosnoSi agrZelebs profesiul
daostatebas. damoukidebeli SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisSive gamovlinda
mxatvris originaluri xelwera. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi imTaviTve uars
ambobs akademiur principebze da axali gziT, “dinebis sawinaaRmdegod”
iwyebs svlas.
g. CageliSvilis Semoqmedeba erTdroulad atarebs qarTuli
mxatvrobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad niSnebs da amavdroulad
dasavluri xelovnebis mravalferovan da mdidar gamocdilebasac
iziarebs. monumenturoba, ganzogadeba, daxvewili feradovneba, ferisa da
xazis Tanaarseboba, dekoratiuloba, xatovaneba is ZiriTadi stilisturi
niSnebia, rac zogadad axasiaTebs rogorc Zvel, ise axal qarTul
mxatvrobas. es niSnebi sxvadasxva etapze sxvadasxva intensiurobiT
ikveTeba g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSic, rac mis xelovnebas erovnuli
kulturis arealSi aqcevs. es vlindeba ara mxolod wminda stilisturi
sawyisebiT, aramed im Sinagani SemoqmedebiTi impulsebis TvalsazrisiTac,
riTac sazrdoobs mxatvari: intuiciuroba, spontanuroba,
improvizaciuloba da a.S. yovelive amasTan erTad g. CageliSvilis
105
Semoqmedebis gaazreba SeuZlebelia zogaddasavluri konteqstis
gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. mxatvari aqtiurad aris CarTuli Tanamedrove
xelovnebis ganviTarebis erTian procesSi, rasac adasturebs misi
araerTi warmatebuli saerTaSoriso gamofena aSS-dan axal zelandiamde.
man organulad aiTvisa da SemoqmedebiTad gadaamuSava XX s-is pirveli
aTwleulebis evropuli avangardis niSnebi: pirobiToba, sibrtyobrioba,
formis erTgvari gamartiveba, deformaciebi, abstrahireba da sxv. , rac
adgilobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebasac gulisxmobs da avtoris
TviTmyofad xelweras aCvenebs.
periodizaciis TvalsazrisiT g. CageliSvilis Semoqmedeba pirobiTad
or etapad SeiZleba daiyos. Tavad mxatvris mixedviT misi SemoqmedebiTi
cxovreba or fazas moicavs _ esaa “perestroikamdeli” da misi Semdgomi
periodi. xelovnebaTmcodne q. konwuraSvili ki akonkretebs _
stambolamde da Semdgomi. niSandoblivia, rom 1985 wels g. CageliSvils
neba darTes wasuliyo kapitalistur qveyanaSi turistuli mogzaurobiT.
is pirvelad gascda e.w. “komunisturi banakis” sazRvrebs. bosforis
srutem, aia-sofiam, cisferma meCeTma, saerTod stambolma – kontrastebiT
aRsavse am didebulma qalaqma, romelic aziisa da evropis
damakavSirebel xids warmoadgens, mxatvarze waruSleli STabeWdileba
datova da misi moRvaweoba am adgilTan mWidrod daakavSira.
ukve adreul namuSevrebSi naTlad gamovlinda g. CageliSvilis
SemoqmedebisaTvis saxasiaTo ZiriTadi niSnebi, romlebic wlebis
ganmavlobaSi faqtiurad ucvleli rCeba. mis namuSevrebSi TiTqmis ar
gvxvdeba mravalfiguriani kompoziciebi, isini yovelTvis lakoniuria, ar
aris gadatvirTuli detalebiT, Tumca sasuraTe sibrtye xSirad
maqsimalurad aris Sevsebuli. gamosaxulebebi gamartivebulia, garemo
pirobiTi (iqneba es portreti Tu peizaJi). sivrce mis suraTebSi
ganzogadebulia da moklebulia konkretikas. pirobiTi garemo
Taviseburad emsaxureba suraTis Sinaarsis aqcentirebas. namuSevrebSi
formebi imdenad abstrahirebuli da ganzogadebulia, rom TiTqos
materialurad xelSesaxebni aRar arian. avtoris ferweruli gama
TavSekavebulia, Tumca igi mdidaria feradovani niuansebiT, daxvewili
tonaluri gradaciebiT Tu faqturuli efeqtebiT. mxatvari cdilobs
106
feris saSualebiT miaRwios maqsimalur mxatvrul gamomsaxvelobas. erT
suraTSi xSirad Tanaarsebobs sibrtyobrioba da sivrcobrioba.
1970-iani wlebi mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi meTodisa da stilis
Camoyalibebis xanaa. mis SemoqmedebaSi Tavidanve warmodgenilia ori
ZiriTadi koncefcia – naturul-ferweruli da sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli,
romlebic upiratesad harmoniulad Tanaarseboben rogorc erTsa da
imave dros, ise erTi da igive suraTis farglebSi. yovelive es naTlad
vlindeba g. CageliSvilis adreuli periodis erT-erT mniSvnelovan
namuSevarSi “yasbebi” (t/z. 172X130. 1969). kompozicia ganawilebulia
tilos sworkuTxa vertikalur formatze. scenis ageba eqvemdebareba
wriul moZraobas, romelic centris irgvliv personaJTa ganlagebiT
miiRweva. suraTis kompoziciur centrs warmoadgens cilindruli formis
magida, romelzec xorcis naWrebia dalagebuli. wina planze mocemulia
liTonis daWyletili qvabi, romelSic xorcis narCenebi yria. mis
gverdiT, marcxniv, aseve deformirebuli saTlia moTavsebuli.
kompoziciuri centris aqcentirebas emsaxureba yasbebis zeaweuli
xelebis Jestikulaciac, romlebsac isev da isev xorcis didi naWrebi
uWiravT. cilindruli magidis irgvliv suraTis wina da ukana plans
yasbebis figurebi iWers – magidis win, mis marjvniv da marcxniv TiTo
figuraa gamosaxuli, xolo mesame ukana planzea warmodgenili, iq sadac
kompoziciis fons mocisfro-moruxo kedeli da sakidebze Camocmuli
xorcis didi naWrebi qmnis. aRsaniSnavia, rom saerTo kompoziciuri
agebis erTgvari iluzorulobis Cvenebis miuxedavad, mxatvari mimarTavs
sivrcis da moculobiTi formebis gadmocemis pirobiT xerxebs. kerZod,
magida naCvenebia rogorc winidan, aseve zemodan. igive xerxiT aris
gamosaxuli wina planze mdebare qvabic, rac Taviseburad arRvevs
dasavluri xelovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel samganzomilebiani
realisturi sivrcis frontaluri aRqmis proncips. magidis xis faqturis
mqone moTeTro-monacrisfro zedapiri sisxlis laqebiT aris daferili,
misi wriuli forma xazs usvams sagnis moculobiTobis warmoCenas.
sapirispirod amisa magidis cilindruli korpusi Sesrulebulia moSavo-
moyavisfro lokaluri sibrtyobrivi laqiT, rac pirobiTad avlens
sagnis formas da masalis faqturas. magidis gadmocemis amgvari xerxi
107
xels uwyobs mTavarze yuradRebis gamaxvilebas, moculobiTi da
sibrtyobrivi formebis cvalebadobis, maTi urTierTmimarTebis Cvenebas.
mTlianobaSi es kompozicia aRiqmeba msxvili xediT qvemodan zemoT,
mxatvari cdilobs rac SeiZleba axlos moitanos am yofiTi siuJetis
mTeli eqspresia. kedeli mTlianad ketavs scenis siRrmes, xels uSlis
moqmedebis sivrceSi ganviTarebas, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs kadris
siaxlovis SegrZnebas.
saerTo kompoziciur struqturas eqvemdebareba personaJebic, figurebi
qvemodan zemoT ikiTxebian, maTi Jestikulaciac igive ritmis xazgasmas
emsaxureba. siuJetis gaazrebasa da personaJTa daxasiaTebaSi
mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs maTi Cacmuloba, aRWurviloba, scenis
anturaJi. sisxlis WuWyiani laqebiT mosvrili TeTri xalaTebi, CaCebi,
winsafrebi, didi danebi, najaxi da sxv. cxadad warmoaCens maTi yofis da
profesiis damaxasiaTebel mxareebs. isini am konkretuli samyaros
ganuyofeli nawili arian. samive personaJi mTeli arsebiT, saerTo
ganwyobiTac ki warmoadgens yasabis Tavisebur ganzogadebul tipaJs
(zogad saxes), romelSic naTlad aris warmoCenili saxasiaTo niSnebi:
savse, Caskvnili aRnagoba, RaJRaJa loyebi, Zlieri xelebi, romlebic
erTgvari utrirebuli saxiT aris gadmocemuli (gansakuTrebiT xelis
mtevnebi); maT saxeebSi situaciisadmi indiferentuli damokidebulebac
vlindeba, Taviseburi gulgriloba, romelic mxolod materialuri
uzrunvelyofis gancdiT aris ganpirobebuli. SeiZleba gagviCndes
SekiTxva, risi Cveneba surs mxatvars? Sromis procesis dafiqsirebis,
adamianis pirovnuli Tu profesiuli Rirsebebis warmoCenis da a.S. , Tu
piriqiT, SesaZloa es iyos avtoris erTgvari mcdeloba aCvenos 1960-70-
iani ww. sabWoTa yofis moCvenebiTi keTildReoba, da es aris namuSevari,
romelSic ismis xelovanis erTgvari protesti, romelSic igi cdilobs
dagvanaxos yovelgvar sulierebas moklebuli cxovrebis vulgaruli
mxareebi? mxatvris mogonebebSi vkiTxulobT, rom studentobis dros
Sesrulebuli am namuSevris gamofenis ufleba suraTebis erovnul
galereaSi mas ar misces. 1972 w. es suraTi gaigzavna moskovSi, magram
komisiis erT-erTma wevrma misi eqsponirebis neba ar darTo. motivi
Semdegi iyo: “Cvens qveyanas aqvs xorcis gansazRvruli raodenoba da
108
amdeni xorcis Cveneba sasurveli ar aris”. mowiTalo-sisxlisferi da
moTeTro-moyviTalo tonebiT gadmocemuli xorcis didi naWrebi
marTlac laiTmotivad gasdevs mTel am kompozicias – isini gamosaxulia
magidaze, centrSi, kuTxeebSi. yovelive es marTlac Selamazebis gareSe
warmoaCens rogorc Janruli scenis, ise am saqmiT dakavebuli adamianebis
yoveldRiur, yovelgvar romantikas moklebul yofas. am nawarmoebSi
marTlc ar Cans sabWoTa ideologiisaTvis niSandoblivi “adamianurobis”,
“keTilSobilebis”, “amaRlebulobis” socrealisturi paTosi. mxatvari
TiTqos kritikuli realizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli pirdapirobiT
gadmoscems ubralo adamianebis uRimRamo cxovrebas. amgvari realoba
winaaRmdegobaSi modioda maSindel ideologiasTan. aqedan gamomdinare
igi SeiZleba aRviqvaT, rogorc damwyebi xelovanis sakmaod gabeduli
poziciis dafiqsirebac.
Cvenis azriT, siuJetisa da personaJebis gaazrebis TvalsazrisiT,
interesmoklebuli ar unda iyos paralelis gavleba g. gabaSvilis
ferwerul tilosTan “yasabi” (1889), romelzec gamosaxuli personaJi,
savsebiT neitralur moyavisfro-moyviTalo fonze, ufro farTo
sivrcobriv garemoSia warmodgenili. misi tipaJi ganzogadebuli da
ramdenadme esTetizebulia. moxucis momRimari saxe, daxvewili samosi –
mowiTalo perangi, qurTuki, vercxlis qamari da fafaxi, moTeTro
galife Sarvali da waRebi personaJs axasiaTebs rogorc zogadad
moqalaqes da mxolod mis xelSi daWerili xorcis naWrebi iuwyeba mis
profesias. g. gabaSvilis namuSevarSi yasabis tipaJi erTgvar
winaaRmdegobaSia mis garegnul iersaxesTan. is SeiZleba iyos rogorc
moqalaqe, ise vaWari an Tundac Tavadi, magram ara yasabi. g.
CageliSvilTan Tavad personaJebi yovelgvari anturaJis gareSec ki
yasabis saxasiaTo saxeebs qmnian.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom “yasbebis” saerTo gadawyveta realisturi
ferweris gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebs emyareba, esaa sivrcis iluzoruli
gadmocema, romelic garkveuli pirobiTobiT aris aRbeWdili.
kompoziciuri ageba aseve pirobiTad scenis siRrmeSi ganSlis princips
efuZneba. nawarmoebis mxatvruli mTlianoba miRweulia personaJTa
ganTavsebiT da naxatis denadi, wriuli ritmiT. kerZod, moZraoba iwyeba
109
suraTis marcxena kuTxidan (yvelaze axlo sagnidan), miemarTeba qvemodan
zemoT da gadadis ukana planze warmodgenil figuraze. Semdeg igi
centralur RerZze aRwevs kulminacias, iq sadac yasabis zeaweuli xeli
da xorcis naWeria gamosaxuli da gadadis marjvena mxares mdgomi
figurisaken, miemarTeba qvemoT da ikvreba suraTis qveda centralur
nawilSi. amgvarad personaJebis es ritmuli wyoba da ganTavsebis
principi ganapirobebs figuraTa organul kavSirs da amTlianebs erTi
SexedviT erTmaneTTan moqmedebiT daukavSirebel adamianebs. formis
gadmocemis principic metnaklebad moculobiT xerxebs emyareba, magram
masSi pirobiTi elementebi ufro metia – esaa figurebis Suq-Crdilovani
damuSaveba, sagnebis gamovlena da a.S. , Tumca igi Sors dgas
tradiciuli akademiuri gamomsaxvelobisagan. namuSevris koloriti
upiratesad TavSekavebulia da agebulia didi zomis monacrisfro-
moTeTro, moyavisfro-mowiTalo sibrtyeebis ritmul monacvleobaze.
TiToeuli forma, sagani muSavdeba lokaluri laqebiT, romelic ar
scdeba realuris sazRvrebs. suraTi xasiaTdeba mravalSriani,
metnaklebad mkvrivi, “xorkliani” weris maneriT. tilos zedapiris xisti
faqturiT, ferTa kontrastiT, konturuli naxatiT, formaTa erTgvari
utrirebiT, saxeebis garkveuli deformaciebiT iqmneba namuSevris saerTo
eqspresiuli ganwyoba, metyveli gamomsaxveloba, rac badebs garkveul
asociaciebs parizuli skolis cnobili warmomadgenlis xaim sutinis
identur motivebze Seqmnil nawarmoebebTan, romlebSic gatyavebuli
cxovelebi, xorcis naWrebi, mefunTuSeebi Tu mebufeteebi arian
gamosaxulni.
pirobiTobisaken swrafva, sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli sawyisebis
momZlavreba TvalnaTliv mJRavndeba g. CageliSvilis iseT adreul
suraTebSi rogorebicaa: “gareubani” (t/z. 70X100. 1973), “qali taxtze” (t/z.
95X155.1978), “gurzufi” (t/z. 73X108.1981) da sxv. „yasbebisagan“ gansxvavebiT,
romelSic mouxeSavi, realisturi saxeebi dominireben, am namuSevrebSi
saxe-xati TandaTan icvleba. axali mxatvruli xerxebis Ziebis gziT
avtori Tanmimdevrulad midis gamartivebisaken, dekoratiulobisaken,
sibrtyovanebisaken da yovelive aqedan gamomdinare msubuqi lirikul-
xatovani ganzogadebisaken. „gareubanSi“ mxatvari warmogvidgens qalaqis
110
xeds Zveli orsarTuliani saxlebiTa da Tbilisuri aivniT. igi
kompozicias paralelur planebad agebs. wina planze mocemulia
gaWimuli gza, romlis horizontalur mimarTulebas marcxnidan marjvniv
xazs usvams sapalniani saxedris da adamianebis (bavSvisa da qalis)
pirobiTi gamosaxulebebi. kompoziciis ukana plans Seadgens aseve
martivi pirobiTi formebiT gadmocemuli saxlebis sworkuTxa siluetebi.
am or sivrcul plans Soris ramdenadme Sualedur adgils iWers
suraTis marcxena kuTxeSi gamosaxuli aivani. formis gamartiveba,
gadmocemis pirobiTi xasiaTi Tu „ferweruli gaazreba“ TiTqos Slis
mkveTr zRvars kompoziciis iluzorul sivrceSi, radgan aq gamosaxuli
sagnebi moklebulia materialur simkvrives, moculobiTobas, realistur
damajereblobas. magaliTad, quCa, romelic gadmocemulia moTeTro-
mocisfro-moruxo tonebiT, tiloze Txlad datanili ferTa laqebiT
erTgvari simsubuqis, „gamWvirvalebis“ STabeWdilebas qmnis da pirobiTad
gamoxatavs mis materialur arss. amgvari formaTSegrZnebiT xasiaTdeba
mTeli kompozicia. saxlebi gadmocemulia martivi „primitiuli“ naxatiT,
xaziT, romelic sxvadasxva siZlieriTaa datanili formis materialuri
sazRvrebis mosaniSnad. mxatvari cdilobs TiToeuli forma
minimalisturi xerxebiT gadmosces. materialuri sagnebi, saxlis
kedlebi, saxuravi, aivani gadmocemulia pirobiTad, erTiani tonaluri
feradovani gadawyvetiT. formis gadmocemis avtoriseuli xelwera Cans
adamianebisa da saxedris gamosaxvaSic, figuraTa siluetebi yovelgvari
moculobiTi gaazrebis gareSea. mTeli es suraTi gamTlianebulia
saerTo feradovani gadawyvetiT, romelic efuZneba monacrisfro-
moTeTro-mocisfro, moyavisfro-moruxo msubuqi laqebis tonalur
monacvleobas. mxatvrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ferweruli manera
pirobiTi sivrcis, harmoniulobis SegrZnebas uwyobs xels. kerZod, ferTa
Txeli laqebi TiTqos intuiciurad, mkveTri kontrastebisa da
konfliqtebis gareSe lagdebian sasuraTo sibrtyeze, aseve intuiciurad
gadadian erTmaneTSi da suraTis erTian tonalur, harmoniul kolorits
qmnian. tonaluri mTlianobiT, iluzorulobis efeqtis erTgvari
uaryofiT, formaTa gamartivebiT mxatvari simsubuqisa da harmoniulobis
damkvidrebas aRwevs. kompozicia xasiaTdeba met-naklebi statikurobiT,
111
rasac upiratesad saxlebis geometriuli siluetebi ganapirobebs, magram
formaTa moZraobis mimarTuleba da laqebis dinamika erTgvarad
acocxlebs am statikur sivrcul garemos da xazs usvams saerTo
kompoziciuri struqturis aRqmas marcxnidan marjvniv. suraTis
ferweruli gaazreba da formaTqmnadoba aCvenebs mxatvris swrafvas
Seqmnas erTiani, TiTqosda usasrulo, „dematerializebuli“ samyaro,
romelic moklebulia materialur wonadobas, magram amavdroulad
sawyiss swored realobidan iRebs. TavSekavebuli, sada, erTian tonalur
gamas dafuZnebuli koloriti qarTuli ferweris erT-erT umTavres
niSan-Tvisebad SeiZleba miviCnioT.
am kompoziciaSi ukve Cans is ZiriTadi niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic
damaxasiaTebeli iqneba g. CageliSvilis Semdgomi periodis
namuSevrebisaTvis. esaa: kompoziciuri struqturis erTgvari statikuroba
da ferweruli fenis dinamika, swrafva formaTa gadmocemis gamartivebisa
da sibrtyovanebisaken, midrekileba pirobiTobisa da abstrahirebisaken,
da amavdroulad sivrcul-haerovani garemos damkvidrebisaken. am
kompoziciis erTgvari Zaldautanebeli sisadave mxatvris Sinagani
gulwrfelobidan momdinareobs. samyaros avtoriseuli aRqmis
instinqturoba, sadac adamiani srul harmoniaSia garemomcvel
sivrcesTan, am suraTSi mTeli sisavsiT vlindeba, rac g. CageliSvilis
mTeli Semdgomi SemoqmedebisaTvis iqneba damaxasiaTebeli.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, 1970-iani ww. dasawyisidan g. CageliSvilis
meTodologia da weris manera icvleba. sqeli, msuye ferweruli
teqsturis nacvlad mxatvari faqtiurad zedapiris Txeli feradovani
laqebiT damuSavebis meTods iyenebs. mastexiniT datanili ferweruli
fenebi gamWvirvale Sreebs qmnian da namuSevrebs erTgvari
“pastelurobis” SegrZnebas aniWeben. amave periodSi mis SemoqmedebaSi
vlindeba sagnobriv-materialuri sawyisebidan daSorebis mcdeloba, Tavs
iCens dekoratiulobis tendencia, rac mis suraTebSi sxvadasxva
mxatvruli saSualebebiT mkvidrdeba. dekoratiulobis sxvadasxva xarisxi
iwvevs garkveul asociaciebs XX s-is sxvadasxva mxatvrebis
SemoqmedebasTan, magram es impulsebi g. CageliSvilTan vlindeba
Tavisebur intuiciur doneze da ara romelime konkretuli mxatvruli
112
“izmis” damkvidrebis surviliT. 1970-80-iani ww-Si Seqmnili misi
namuSevrebi Taviseburad asocirdebian a. matisis da p. pikasos
suraTebTan. magaliTad, “qali taxtze” amJRavnebs msgavsebas matisis
cnobil interierebTan, romlebic aRsavsea simyudrovisa da yofiTi
konkretikis gancdiT. aq erTmaneTs erwymis Semdegi opoziciebi:
realisturoba da dekoratiuloba, pirobiToba da naturuloba,
moculobiToba da sibrtyobrioba. am namuSevarSi interieri pirobiTad
aris gadawyvetili. pirobiT fonze erTgvar realistur aqcents
warmoadgens taxti da qalis figura, romelic SedarebiT moculobiTad
aris warmodgenili. kompozicias matisTan aaxloebs sivrcis agebis
principic – iatakze dafenili uxvad ornamentirebuli dekoratiuli
xaliCa TiTqos siRrmisken warmarTavs mzeras, rac interieris
iluzoruli siRrmis SegrZnebas iZleva. amave dros kedeli, romelic
faqtiurad neitraluri laqiT aris gadmocemuli, ketavs sivrces, igi
kompoziciis saerTo struqturis dekoratiulobas da sibrtyobriobas
usvams xazs. xaliCis diagonaliT miniSnebuli sivrce interieris
iluzorulobis asociacias badebs, rac kidev ufro aqcentirdeba
taxtisa da qalis figuris moculobiTi gadmocemiT. interieris
detalebi, dekoratiuli xaliCa, ornamentuli taxti, qalis samosi,
kedelze Camokidebuli suraTi, sagnebis aRmniSvneli konturuli monaxazi
matisis namuSevrebis xasiaTs exmianeba. am suraTSi TiTqos matisiseuli
ganwyobilebac aris gadmocemuli _ frangi mxatvris sityvebiT rom
vTqvaT, misi SemoqmedebiTi mrwamsi naTeli, harmoniuli samyaros Seqmna
iyo, sadac araferi iqneboda damTrgunveli. g. CageliSvilTanac
adamianisa da interieris sruli harmoniaa da dasvenebis, simSvidis,
komfortulobis SegrZneba sufevs. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, ferweruli
JReradobis TvalsazrisiT aq koloriti bevrad ufro mSvidi da
TavSekavebulia. igi TiTqos “pastelur” tonebs efuZneba, moklebulia
matisisaTvis damaxasiaTebel kontrastulobas, lokalurobas,
intensiurobas. Zowisferi, Rvinisferi, moruxo-momwvano-mocisfro tonebi
qarTuli ferweris tradiciebs ukavSirdeba.
am periodis Ziebebi Tavs iCens 1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi
Sesrulebul qalTa saxeebSi: “salome” (t/z. 80X50. 1983), “xevsuri qali”
113
(t/z. 100X50. 1984), “aWareli qali” (t/z. 100X50. 1984), « msaxiobi qali »
(t/z. 120X61. 1984) da sxv. , romlebSic kvlav intuiciis doneze, Cans
pikasos 1930-iani wlebis da omisSemdgomi periodis principebisa Tu
qmnilebebis anarekli. rogorc xelovnebaTmcodne g. xoStaria aRniSnavs,
pikasosTan pirobiT mxatvrul struqturasTan erTad realobis mZafri
gancda mJRavndeba. maTSi formaTa TamaSisa da deformaciis miuxedavad
qaluri sawyisi didi damajereblobiT gadmoicema; proporciebi, silueti,
xazisa Tu feris deformacia, formis transformireba mimarTulia
konkretuli saxviTi niSan-Tvisebebis gamosavlenad. qalTa
mravalricxovan saxeebSi g. CageliSvili kidev ufro metad cdilobs
gaeqces im iluzionistur efeqtebs, romlebsac adreul suraTebSi
mimarTavda. kompoziciis struqturaSi igi amkvidrebs sibrtyis dominants,
iyenebs mxatvruli formis geometrizebis elementebs, romlebic Sorsaa
kubisturi racionalizmisagan. aq kompoziciuri struqturis yvela
elementi sibrtyobriobisa da dekoratiulobis damkvidrebis upirobo
saSualebaa. magaliTad, namuSevarSi „salome“ personaJi gadmocemulia
pirobiT sivrcul garemoSi, pirobiTad gamosaxul savarZelze, romelic
faqtiurad laqobrivi sibrtyeebis monacvleobiT iqmneba. qalis tani,
saxe, xelebi, romelic miRebulia sxvadasxva geometriuli formebis
(samkuTxedi, marTkuTxedi, prizma da a.S.) ekleqturi SerwymiT, anfasSia
mocemuli. sxeulis qvedatani TiTqos profilSia mobrunebuli da
aRniSnulia didi zomis ornamentebiT Semkuli moyavisfro-moSavo
lokaluri laqiT. am kompoziciaSi sivrce ukve faqtiurad
nivelirebulia, ar aris aranairi miniSneba siRrmis gadmosacemad.
zogadad personaJi gaazrebulia erTgvari groteskuli saxiT, rasac
xels uwyobs misi formebis gansakuTrebuli utrireba – zedmiwevniT
maRali kiseri, deformirebuli Tavi da xelebi, minimalisturi xerxebiT
gadmocemuli saxis formebi (asimetriuli Tvalebi, patara wiTeli
tuCebi, cxviri saerTod ara aqvs). personaJis Taviseburi sikekluce Tu
garegnuli xibli xazgasmulia misi maneruli, sakmaod rTuli poziT.
amgvari midgomiT mxatvari cdilobs yovelgvari portretuli
daxasiaTebis gareSe gadmosces modelis buneba. suraTis koloriti,
ferTa naTeli gama efuZneba mooqrosfro-momwvano lokaluri laqebis
114
monacvleobas, rac gamosaxulebas garkveul pozitiur muxts aniWebs.
aqac, iseve rogorc wina namuSevrebSi, weris manera emyareba
araerTgvarovani intensiobis mqone, SedarebiT Txeli laqebis
monacvleobas, rac suraTis zedapiris erTgvar „gamWvirvalebas“ avlens;
saRebavis Txeli feradovani Sreebi sibrtyis aqcentirebas axdenen da
kompozicias garkveul simsubuqes aniWeben. yovelive es g. CageliSvilis
namuSevrebSi Taviseburi Camoyalibebuli mxatvruli xerxis funqcias
iZens.
emociuri TvalsazrisiT am seriidan ufro sainteresoa „msaxiobi
qali“, sadac sxva tipaJebisagan gansxvavebiT aqcenti dasmulia ara
imdenad pozebisa da Jestebis efeqturobaze, ramdenadac saxis
eqspresiaze. qalis farTod gaxelili Tvalebi mas TiTqos sevdian
personaJad warmoaCens, magram es eqspresiac aq upiratesad garegnul
efeqtzea agebuli da ar gamoxatavs adamianis Sinagan bunebas Tu mis
konfliqts garemomcvel samyarosTan.
niSandoblivia, rom kompoziciuri struqturis amgvari sibrtyobrivi
gaazreba, formis deformireba, pozebis erTgvari maneruloba, rac
personaJis xasiaTis gamovlenasac emsaxureba, laiTmotivad gasdevs g.
CageliSvilis qalTa saxeebis mTel galereas. „kinwora“, gamxdari qalebi,
dagrexili da zogjer damaxinjebuli nakvTebiT qmnian qalTa tipaJebis
groteskul, ganzogadebul saxeebs, romelTac infantilizmi da
„fsevdoamaRlebuloba“ gamoarCevs. rogorc d. andriaZe aRniSnavs „es
marionetuli gmirebi SeiZleba daxasiaTdes rogorc ironizebuli,
neomaneristikuli variaciebi. maT aranairi niSani ar gaaCniaT
sulierebis, magram maT gaaCniaT marginaluri galanturoba“. am seriis
TiTqmis yvela namuSevarSi mxatvari swored modelis garegnul,
zedapirul daxasiaTebas mimarTavs. igi ar cdilobs maT dakonkretebas,
Tumca axerxebs garkveuli ganwyobileba Tu xibli mianiWos maT.
mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT am seriaSi aSkarad cxaddeba mxatvris
SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebi, kerZod is cdilobs daSordes, moswydes
iluzorul, konkretul garemos, gaTavisufldes materialuri
sagnobriobisagan, (an rogorc k. maleviCi ityoda _ „gaTavisufldes
realuri samyaros mkvdari tvirTisagan“) da Tavis xelovnebaSi
115
ganzogadebuli, ganyenebuli, abstrahirebuli formebi Semoitanos. am
namuSevrebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli erTgvari moyviTalo-mooqrosfro
tonalobiT mxatvari TiTqos cdlobs mayurebels sicocxlis sixaruli
ganacdevinos. misi gamoyeneba, rogorc „miwierebis“ erTgvari niSnisa,
SeiZleba miviCnioT feris esTetizaciis sawyisad, rac ufro Zlier
gamovlinebas Semdgomi periodis nawarmoebebSi iCens Tavs.
feris esTetizaciis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa „gurzufis“ peizaJi,
sadac bunebis xibli gadmocemulia iasamnisferi, cisferi da
vardisferi tonebis faqizi urTierTSerwymiT. kompozicia aqac igeba
planebad _ wina planze mocemulia zRvis peizaJi, ukana planze ki
yirimis mTebi. maTi geometriulad danawevrebuli zedapiri erTgvar
mozaikur naxats qmnis. am geometriuli feradovani sibrtyeebis
ganTavsebis xasiaTi wminda dekoratiul princips emyareba. peizaJis
realuri elementebi (gemi, navmisadgomi da a.S.) aqac geometriuli
miniSnebebisa da siluetebis saxiT gadmoicema. kompoziciis sibrtyobriv-
dekoratiuli struqturis miuxedavad, namuSevarSi mainc Semodis
haerovani perspeqtivis erTgvari gancda. es ganpirobebulia ferTa
niuansebiT – zRvis molurjo-mocisfro SedarebiT intensiur laqas
exameba axlomdebare mTis momwvano-moiasamnisfro tonebi, romelic kidev
ufro Ria xdeba da bundovan saxes iZens ukana planze mdebare mTis
erTian formaSi. mxatvari diferencirebulad amuSavebs mTis masivebs _
pirveli danawevrebulia geometriulad da SedarebiT intensiurad JRers,
xolo ukana mTis masivi TiTqos sruliad erwymis cis movardisfro-
mocisfro tonalobas da mxolod silueturi xaziT gamoiyofa
pirvelisagan. mTebis damuSavebis amgvari principi garkveul
sivrcobriobas aniWebs peizaJs. mxatvari cdilobs erTiani, harmoniuli
mocisfro-moiasamnisfro tonebiT gaaerTianos suraTis mTeli zedapiri,
amiT Seqmnas sivrcis iluzia da amasTan erTad fers garkveuli
esTetikuri datvirTva mianiWos. yovelive amiT igi aRwevs suraTis
mxatvrul mTlianobas. sagulisxmoa, rom g. CageliSvilTan feri ara
imdenad emociis Semcveli, aramed ufro gancdismieria. igi ar aris Rrma,
intensiuri, ufro haerovnebisa Tu simsubuqis maniSnebel kategoriad
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gvevlineba da amave dros Tavisi TvisebebiT dekoratiul sawyiss
gamoxatavs.
1980-iani wlebis meore naxevridan g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi
Zlierdeba abstraqtuli motivebi. metad iCens Tavs ganyenebulobisaken
swrafva. mxatvris abstraqtul kompoziciebSi ZiriTadad vlindeba
dekoratiuli sawyisi, feris esTetizacia, feriTi harmonia, romelSic
SigadaSig ikiTxeba realuri samyaros raRac pirobiTi niSnebi Tu niSan-
simboloebi. aseTia „Zveli kedeli“ (t/z. 140X340. 1988) da misi 1990-ian
wlebSi Sesrulebuli ramdenime usaTauro kompozicia.
1990-ian ww. g. CageliSvili intensiurad muSaobs seriaze "mitovebuli
quCa", romelic Tavisebur laiTmotivad gasdevs mxatvris gviani periodis
Semoqmedebas. ciklSi naTlad vlindeba avtoris nostalgia Tbilisis
Zveli ubnebis mimarT. am seriis TiToeul namuSevars aerTianebs
farRalala, dangrevis piras misuli, "daoblebuli" saxlebis motivi,
romelTa datexili siluetebi mayurebelSi ususurobisa da sevdis
gancdas iwveven. suraTebis Tematika da kompoziciuri struqtura
faqtiurad erTgvarovania, identuria maTi saTaurebic ("mitovebuli quCa"
t/z 54X60. 1998. "mitovebuli quCa" t/z 58X85,5. 1997); mxatvari irCevs
mitovebuli quCis garkveul monakveTs, romlis mTavar gamomsaxvelobiT
aqcents erTmaneTTan mijriT mdgomi Zveli nagebobebis siluetebi Tu
arqiteqturul-teqtonikuri elementebi qmnian. aRsaniSnavia, rom am
namuSevrebis gamomsaxvelobiTi ena gamosaxulebis met-naklebad
realistur gadmocemas emyareba, magram es ukacrieli peizaJebi
upiratesad abstraqciis zRvars uaxlovdebian, sasuraTo sibrtyis
zedapirze TiTqos uwesrigod mimofantuli detalebi (fanjrebi, karebi,
sakvamurebi) mxolod miniSnebis doneze aRZraven saxlebis asociacias. am
ciklis Semadgeneli namuSevrebis ZiriTad ganmasxvavebel niSans ama Tu
im suraTis koloristuli gadawyveta warmoadgens, romelic ZiriTadad
moruxo-momwvano, moTeTro-mocisfro, moyavisfro-mowiTalo tonalobiT
aris gadmocemuli.
"mitovebuli quCis" suraTebSi g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebiTi meTodi
efuZneba kuTxovani, xisti, met-naklebad uxeSi naxatiT Sesrulebuli da
amavdroulad Txeli ferweruli fenebis faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebiT
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damuSavebuli formebis gadmocemas, romelic nawilobriv usvams xazs
gamosaxulebis materialurobas. yovelive es qmnis mxatvrisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel sivrce-sibrtyis SegrZnebas, rac TiTqos siRrmis
garkveul gancdas badebs; am STabeWdilebas aZlierebs nagebobaTa
rakursebi Tu arqiteqturuli formebis xedvis sxvadasxva wertilidan
Cveneba. miuxedavad amisa, am kompoziciebSi faqtiurad ar ikiTxeba
erTiani iluzoruli sivrce. aq gadmocemulia siRrmis erTgvari
SegrZneba, romelic neitraluri sibrtyobrivi foniT aris Caketili, rac
suraTebis sibrtyobriv-dekoratiul xasiaTs ganapirobebs. sagnobrivi
faqturis garkveuli bundovaneba, materialuri sawyisebis Taviseburi
nivelireba warmodgenil peizaJebs erTgvari "zRaprulobis" elfers
sZens. mxatvrul-stilisturi Taviseburebebis avtoriseuli gamovlena
cxadyofs mis romantikul, nostalgiur damokidebulebas im samyaros
mimarT, romelic warmavalia da SesaZloa samudamod dakargulic.
amave periodSi mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi aqtiurad Semodis zRvis
Tematika, romelSic ganviTarebas hpovebs molurjo-mocisfro
gamaerTianebeli gama Sig CarTuli SedarebiT intensiuri Seferilobis
geometriuli laqebiT. mag. , 1993 wliT daTariRebul kompoziciaSi
„usaTauro“ (t/z. 98X198.) mocisfro-moTeTro pirobiTi sivrce
erTdroulad zRvisa da cis asociacias qmnis, xolo kompoziciis
centrSi dasmuli TeTri samkuTxedi ialqniani navis STabeWdilebas
tovebs. sxvadasxva feris (Savi, iisferi, yviTeli) geometriuli formebi
kvlav abstraqtul niSan-simboloebs warmoadgenen da ar qmnian raime
konkretuli sagnis asociacias. iseve, rogorc am tipis suraTebis
umravlesobaSi, aqac namuSevris ZiriTad efeqts qmnis feris da fonis
erTiani gamWvirvale tonaluri gama. msgavsi gadawyvetis mqone zogierT
namuSevarSi ufro konkretuli, realuri sagnebic ikiTxeba. mag. ,
kompoziciaSi „usaTauro“ (t/z. 96X200. 1993)molurjo-mocisfri fonze
bundovnad ikiTxeba horizontis xazi da zRvisa da cis pirobiTi
ferweruli sivrce erTmaneTSi gadadis. suraTis centrSi, ufro Ria
tonis horizontalur zolze miemarTeba TeTri gemi, romelic
kompoziciis marcxena mxares aris gamosaxuli. gemis anarekli, ecema
wylis zedapirs. horizontis xazs miRma, bundovan mocisfro ferwerul
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sivrceSi mosCans TeTri wriuli laqa, romelic TiTqos mzesTan
asocirdeba. gemis mimarTuleba, zRvis zedapiris aRmniSvneli pirobiTi
zoli qmnis dinamikurobis Tavisebur SegrZnebas marcxnidan marjvniv.
zemoT ganxiluli kompoziciisagan gansxvavebiT, romelSic abstraqtuli
formebi statikur, raRac usasrulo, bundovan sivrceSia gansxeulebuli,
aq cxovrebis garkveuli ritmi SeigrZnoba. martivi geometriuli
formebiT aRiniSneba gemis silueti, misi detalebi (droSa, sakvamuri,
samaSvelo rgolebi da a.S.) SedarebiT intensiuri laqebiT gadmoicema,
rac acocxlebs am erTian ferwerul gamas, magram aqac, iseve rogorc am
tipis sxva namuSevrebSi mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis ZiriTad saSualebas
molurjo-mocisfro, gamWvirvale feradovani sivrce warmoadgens. Tavisi
simsubuqiT, faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebiT feri aq TiTqos TavisTavad
xdeba garkveuli sivrcis matarebeli. rogorc Cans g. CageliSvilTan esa
Tu is adgili ukavSirdeba mxatvris individualur feriT aRqmas. zRva da
zRvaze mdebare qalaqebi, maTi abstraqciis zRvarze myofi xedebi
gadmocemulia molurjo-mocisfro koloritiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
feri aq garkveul simbolur-asociaciur mniSvnelobas iZens.
zRvis „lurji seriis“ ganviTarebas warmoadgens stambolis peizaJebi.
namuSevarSi „stamboli da zRva“ (t/z. 98X145. 2000) mxatvari Taviseburad
amkvidrebs abstrahirebuli sivrcis konkretul gaazrebas da qmnis
qalaqis suraT-xats. ukve mignebul molurjo-mocisfro ferwerul
sivrceSi mxatvars Semoaqvs konkretuli adgilis aRmniSvneli elementebi
_ ori mTis silueti, bosforis srute, meCeTi, minareTebi, ferdobebze
Sefenili saxlebi da sxv. , romlebSic stambolis panorama sacnaurdeba.
am kompoziciaSi mxatvari TiTqos haerovani perspeqtivis principebs
mimarTavs da sivrculi planebis monacvleobasTan erTad aRiavebs
ZiriTad molurjo-mocisfro tons. suraTis wina planze gamosaxuli
garkveuli simkvrivis Semcveli feradovani sibrtyobrivi laqebi,
romlebic xmeleTs aRniSnaven, TiTqos iWrebian suraTis siRrmeSi da
masSi xalisiani aqcenti Semoaqvs.
stambolis Temis ramdenadme gansxvavebul interpretacias iZleva
mxatvari namuSevarSi „Ramis sizmari“. aq wina namuSevrisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli ferweruli sivrce icvleba, zRvisa da cis foni ufro
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sibrtyobriv-dekoratiul JReradobas iZens. kompoziciis marcxena
mxridan centrisaken aris mimarTuli mTis masivi, romelzec erTmaneTTan
mijriT mdgomi Senobebia. maT aRmniSvnel sxvadasxva zomisa da formis
mqone laqebs ara aqvT mkafio sazRvrebi, isini TiTqos erTmaneTSi
gadaedinebian. mTis laqovani zedapiri daserilia sxvadasxva kuTxidan
naCvenebi geometriuli formebiT, rac gamosaxulebas garkveul
reliefurobas aniWebs. am namuSevarSic siRrmis STabeWdilebas qmnis
xmeleTis paraleluri planebi da saganTa sibrtyeze ganTavseba. yvelaze
axlos ikiTxeba kompoziciis marcxena mxares mocemuli xmeleTis nawili,
Semdeg mTis masivi Tavisi mWidro ganaSenianebiT da bolos ukana planze
fragmentulad mocemuli, TiTqos Ramis SuqiT gaCaxCaxebuli yure. am
SemTxvevaSi feris dekoratiuloba xazgasmulia fonis damuSavebis
principiT. kerZod, wina plani _ zRva dawerilia Tavisufali monasmebiT,
Tumca es ar aris dinamikuri, pastozuri, emociuri manera _ mxatvari
garkveuli zomierebis SegrZnebas aniWebs formas. zeca Sesrulebulia
ufro gluvi maneriT. kompoziciis koloriti agebulia Ramis ganaTebis
aRmniSvneli moyviTalo-moTeTro da intensiuri lurji tonebis
Sexamebaze, rac damajereblad gadmoscems Ramis qalaqis SegrZnebas da
gamoxatavs avtoris individualur damokidebulebas mis mimarT. amdenad,
wina peizaJebisagan gansxvavebiT am namuSevarSi foni kargavs „sivrce-
feris“ mniSvnelobas da iluzorulobis efeqts sibrtyeze sagnebisa da
paraleluri planebis ganTavseba qmnis. TandaTan Tavs iCens feris
dekoratiuli SesaZleblobebis metad gamovlenis tendencia da formis
abstrahireba.
am seriis erT-erT saprogramo nawarmoebad SeiZleba miviCnioT
„aziidan evropisken“ (t/z. 200X300. 2000), romelic am ciklis erTgvari
„gasaRebia“ da garkveul koncefcias Seicavs. kompozicia warmoadgens
triptiqs, romelic Sesdgeba sami vertikaluri panosagan. TiToeuli
maTgani gansxvavebuli feradovani gadawyvetiT xasiaTdeba: marcxena _
lurji, Sua _ molurjo-mocisfro, marjvena _ moTeTro-moruxo
tonebiTaa Sesrulebuli. samive sibrtye erTiandeba faqturuli,
sxvadasxva feriT damuSavebuli sibrtyobrivi zoliT, romelic eSveba
marjvena zeda kuTxidan texili zigzagiseburi ritmiT da Sua panos
120
qveda nawilSi erTgvar samkuTxa sibrtyes qmnis. Semdgom igi miemarTeba
marcxena panos Sua nawilisaken. es TiTqos Taviseburi abstraqtuli gzaa,
romelic usasrulod miemarTeba zemodan qvemoT, marjvnidan marcxniv,
aziidan evropisken. am mosazrebas amyarebs suraTis centrSi
diagonalurad gavlebuli xazi, romelic or wertils aerTebs da
Sesabamisi laTinuri asoebiT _ A (azia) da E (evropa) aris aRniSnuli.
niSandoblivia, rom marjvnidan marcxniv mimarTuli es dinamika
Seesatyviseba aRmosavlur kulturebSi, damwerlobebSi damkvidrebul
weris ritmsac. am asimetriuli zolis konfiguracia da damuSaveba
Seicavs molurjo-momwvano moyviTalo-monacrisfro tonebs, romlebsac
faqtiurad neitralur panoebSi cxovelxatulobis da moZraobis
Taviseburi elementi Semoaqvs, igi ferwerulad acocxlebs suraTis
pirobiT „sivrcul“ garemos. am triptiqonSi mxatvari TiTqos axdens ori
gansxvavebuli samyaros feriT daxasiaTebas. kerZod, moTeTro-moruxo
foni asocirdeba aziasTan, marcxena _ SedarebiT muqi lurji feri _
evropasTan, xolo kompoziciis Sua molurjo-mocisfro nawili ki im
Sualedur, gardamaval samyarosTan, romelic orive feris, ori samyaros
sawyisebs Seicavs. Tavisi koncefciiT Tu feradovani gadawyvetiT
nawarmoebis Sua pano asocirdeba stambolis TemasTan, radgan igi aziisa
da evropis gzagasayarze mdebare xidia. amgvari sada xerxebiT,
Taviseburi abstraqtul-dekoratiuli metyvelebiT mxatvari axerxebs
sakuTari ideis xatovan gadmocemas.
„stambolis“ suraTebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebSic molurjo-
mocisfro tonebi dominireben, „armazis“ ciklSi mxatvari momwvano-
movercxlisfro, moyviTalo-mooqrosfro ferTa daxvewil Sexamebas
mimarTavs. es garkveulwilad badebs mTiani peizaJis asociacias, Tumca
aRniSnuli sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli kompoziciebi ar warmoadgenen am
JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTebel tipiur nimuSebs. gamosaxulebaTa erTgvari
bundovaneba, abstrahireba qmnis mxatvrisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ferwerul-
dekoratiul efeqts. iseve rogorc „stambolSi“ mxatvari sazogadod aqac
inarCunebs garkveul zRvars realobasa da abstraqcias Soris, oRond
gansxvavebiT zRvis peizaJebisagan, sadac sivrcis gadmocemis problemaa
gadaWrili, aq sivrce TiTqos nivelirebulia tiloze datanili
121
ferwerul-tonaluri feniT. „armazis“ ciklis kompoziciebi igeba axlos
motanili kadris principiT, romlebSic sivrce TiTqmis mTlianad
SezRudulia, igi ufro mZime da hermetulia, rac SesaZloa Tavad am
konkretuli landSaftis specifikiTac iyos ganpirobebuli. mwvanis
sxvadasxva tonebis, moyviTalo-moyavisfro ferTa aqtiuri monasmebi,
romlebic xan dinamikuri, xan ki TavSekavebulia, acxovelebs suraTis
zedapirs da iZleva cocxali mcenareuli safaris da qvaRorRiani
reliefuri landSaftis asociacias. aq ferweruli fena ufro metyveli,
pastozuri xdeba, rasac namuSevrebSi garkveuli simkvrive Semoaqvs. igi
Tavis TavSi iTavsebs dekoratiul specifikas da amavdroulad cocxal
impulsebs amJRavnebs, badebs Taviseburi pulsaciis SegrZnebas.
„armazis“ ciklis namuSevrebSi sasuraTo sibrtye mTlianad
Sevsebulia mTiani peizaJiT, umetes maTganSi cisTvis adgili ar rCeba.
iqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos suraTi usasrulod grZeldeba kadrs
gareT da gamosaxuleba konkretulisa da ganyenebulis zRvarze
balansirebs. yovelive es qarTuli peizaJis im tradiciis gagrZelebad
migvaCnia, rac ganumeorebel xibls aniWebs d. kakabaZis, j. xundaZis, g.
quTaTelaZis nawarmoebebs. vaxtang beriZe aRniSnavs, rom d. kakabaZesTan
wonasworobis, stabilurobis, naTeli teqtonikurobis STabeWdileba
miRweulia ZiriTadi masebisa da struqturuli xazebis saTanado
ganlagebiT, feradi sworkuTxedebisagan Sedgenili dekoratiuli xaliCis
planebad ganTavsebiT, ganaTebuli da daCrdiluli nawilebis
SepirispirebiT, rac TavisTavad iZleva siRrmisa da sivrcobriobis
efeqts. g. CageliSvilTan, gamomdinare avtoris sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli
xedvis individualuri principebidan, Cven vxedavT yovelgvar siRrmes
moklebul gamosaxulebas, sadac sivrce faqtiurad erwymis suraTis
erTian ferwerul masas, romelic erTgvar „sivrce-sibrtyes“ qmnis.
kompoziciuri struqturisa da siRrmis amgvari Caketva, sagnobriv-
materialuri sawyisebis erTgvari „ugulebelyofa“ naTlad vlindeba
suraTSi „armazi“ (t/z. 200X100. 1998). g. CageliSvili iyenebs feris
intensiobis erTgvarovan JReradobas, rogorc suraTis wina, ise ukana
planze, riTac qmnis Tavisebur sxivosan garemos da sivrces TiTqos
vertikalurad aRmarTul sibrtyeSi aTavsebs. Tavisufali monasmebiT,
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dinamikuri laqebiT damuSavebuli faqturuli zedapiri aq mTis qanobisa
da mcenareuli safaris xatovan saxes iZleva.
„armazis“ seriis erT-erT namuSevarSi („armazi“ t/z/100X80, 1995), sadac
peizaJis mTeli sivrce kldovan landSafts upyria, zemoT gamokrTis cis
patara monakveTi. ca dawerilia Zalian Txeli feniT, odnav SesamCnevi
feradovani gadasvlebiT. lurji cis motivis SemotaniT namuSevari
TiTqos ufro konkretul saxes iZens, mTis peizaJi ufro mkafiod da
damajereblad ikveTeba. saerTo gadawyvetis principi aqac igivea, weris
sxvadasxva teqnika – zogjer gluvi, sxvadasxva sisqis feradovani fenis
Semcveli laqebi, zogjer ki sqlad, pastozurad datanili dinamikuri
monasmebi tilos zedapiris cxovelxatul gamomsaxvelobas qmnis da
landSaftis teqtonikurobis SegrZnebas iZleva. mTis masivi Tavisi
monumenturi siluetiT mkveTrad gamoikveTeba faqtiurad ferwerulad
daumuSavebel cis cisfer fonze, rac niadags reliefurobas aniWebs.
bunebis sidiadis, monoliTurobis Tavisebur SegrZnebas xels uwyobs
kompoziciis aRqmis xasiaTi, romelic qvemodan zemoT ikiTxeba.
tonaluri ferweris saintereso nimuSia didi zomis horizontaluri
kompozicia „armazi“ (t/z 200X400. 1998). aqac mxatvari momwvano-
monacrisfro tonebis gamoyenebiT qmnis mTis landSaftis ganzogadebul,
asociaciur xeds. mwvane horizontaluri qveda zoli garkveul simyares
aniWebs kompozicias da balaxeuli safaris STabeWdilebas iwvevs.
suraTis momwvano-movercxlisfro tonebiT damuSavebul zedapirze
garkveul feradovan aqcentebs qmnis sxvadasxva tonis mwvaniT,
vardisfriT, yavisfriT gadmocemuli buCqebi Tu moruxo-moTeTro
kldovani qanebi. marcxena kuTxeSi gamosaxulia daklaknili xe,
romelsac erTgvari konkretuli sawyisi Semoaqvs abstraqciis zRvarze
myof daxvewil peizaJSi. rogorc Cans, aq mxatvari cdilobs
gaTavisufldes iluzoruli saxviTobisagan, meti Tavisufleba da
damoukidebeli mniSvneloba mianiWos fers. tonaluri gadawyvetiT,
kadris axlos motaniT, gamosaxulebis bundovanebiT igi iswrafvis
Seqmnas ganzogadebuli, abstrahirebuli, asociaciuri peizaJi.
niSandoblivia, rom „armazis“ seriaSi formaTa garkveul simkvrives,
erTgvar reliefurobas Tu teqtonikurobas, Taviseburad erwymis erTiani
123
sivrcis nivelireba, saganTa bundovani gamomsaxveloba, sagnobriv-
materialuri sawyisebis faqtiuri ugulebelyofa. yovelive es,
ganapirobebs am seriis pirobiT, dekoratiul gaazrebas, rac amkvidrebs
mxolod g. CageliSvilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli abstraqtuli landSaftis
Tavisebur suraT-xats. avtori qmnis realisturisa da ganyenebulis
zRvarze myofi asociaciuri peizaJebis cikls, romelSic mxatvris
subieqturi damokidebuleba suraTis koloristuli gadawyvetiT, misi
dekoratiuli struqturiT aris gamoxatuli. amgvari asociaciuroba,
ganyenebuloba metnaklebi intensiurobiT vlindeba seriis sxvadasxva
kompoziciebSi. Tuki zogjer mxatvari minimalur doneze mainc inarCunebs
garkveul kavSirs peizaJis realistur elementebTan, sxva dros igi
cdilobs mTlianad gaeqces materialuri formebis „iluzorul“
elementebs. sainteresoa isic, rom avtori abstrahirebuli xedviT,
zogadi miniSnebebiT gadmoscems armazis, rogorc misTvis Zvirfasi
adgilis individualur gancdas (sadac misi qalaqgare saxelosno
mdebareobs) da gansakuTrebul damokidebulebas, rac armazis istoriul
warsuls ukavSirdeba.
„armazis“ ciklis kompoziciebis didi zomebi, erTgvari masStaburoba
SesaZloa ganpirobebuli iyos Tavad am panoebis dekoratiuli specifikiT
da funqciiT. am namuSevrebSi mxatvari TiTqos scildeba dasrulebuli
dazguri suraTis CarCoebs, cdilobs interierSi, kedelze gadaitanos
igi da gamosaxulebas usasrulobis SegrZneba mianiWos. „armazis“
peizaJebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli es Tavisebureba erTgvar ganviTarebas
hpovebs g. CageliSvilis dekoratiuli panoebis seriaSi „kedeli“,
romelic 2005 wliT TariRdeba. „armazisagan“ gansxvavebiT am seriaSi
mTlianad aris ugulebelyofili realuri sagnobrivi miniSnebebic ki. am
erTi zomisa (170X100) da formatis (vertikaluri) namuSevrebis
kompoziciuri struqtura efuZneba ferwerul-dekoratiul efeqts da
suraTis saerTo tonalur gadawyvetas. kerZod, calkeuli tiloebi
mTlianad gadawyvetilia romelime konkretul erTian gamaSi: moyviTalo-
mooqrosfro, molurjo-mocisfro, momwvano, mowiTalo, moiasamnisfro,
moyavisfro da a.S. , romlebSic ferTa faqizi niuansebi Tu sxvadasxva
sisqisa da formis ferweruli laqebi tilos zedapiris cxovelxatul
124
gamomsaxvelobas qmnis; TavianTi teqsturiT panoebi TiTqos bunebrivi
qvis – marmarilos, granitis Tu dioritis Tavisebur imitacias qmnian. am
namuSevrebSi mxatvari ferTa daxvewil tonalur Sexamebas mimarTavs,
riTac feriTi ganwyobis damkvidrebas cdilobs. materialurad isini
arafers ar gamosaxaven, magram iZlevian garkveuli dinamikis gancdas;
koncefciis doneze avtori aq TiTqos mudmivad moZravi, mravalferovani,
usasrulo substanciis SegrZnebas amkvidrebs. „kedlis“ seriis panoebi
sibrtyobriv-dekoratiul xasiaTs atareben, romlebSic ZiriTadi aqcenti
feris fsiqo-emociur, ganwyobiT mxareebzea gamaxvilebuli. ciklis
TiToeul kompoziciaSi ikveTeba feris esTetizaciis problema. feri aq
gvevlineba rogorc TviTkmari esTetikuri kategoria, rogorc ferweris
umTavresi komponenti da gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualeba.
amrigad, g. CageliSvilis xelovnebis mxatvrul-stilisturi analizis
safuZvelze naTlad ikveTeba avtorisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli is ZiriTadi
niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic mis TviTmyofad xelweras adasturebs.
mxatvris namuSevrebSi erTmaneTTan erTdroulad Tanaarsebobs
sibrtyobrivi da sivrcobrivi sawyisebi, rac wlebis ganmavlobaSi
faqtiurad ucvleli rCeba; maT axasiaTebT kompoziciuri struqturis
erTgvari statikuroba da ferweruli fenis dinamika, swrafva formaTa
gadmocemis gamartivebisa da ganzogadebisaken, midrekileba pirobiTobisa
da abstrahirebisaken da amavdroulad sivrcobriv-haerovani garemos
damkvidrebisaken.
TandaTan g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi vlindeba sagnobriv-
materialuri sawyisebidan daSorebis mcdeloba, Tavs iCens
dekoratiulobis tendencia, rac mis suraTebSi sxvadasxva mxatvruli
saSualebebiT vlindeba. pirobiTobisaken swrafviT, sibrtyobriv-
dekoratiuli sawyisebis momZlavrebiT avtori Tanmimdevrulad
amkvidrebs samyaros msubuq, lirikul, xatovan aRqmas. namuSevrebis
ferweruli gaazreba da formaTqmnadoba avlens mxatvris swrafvas
Seqmnas erTiani, TiTqosda usasrulo, „dematerializebuli“ samyaro,
romelic amavdroulad sawyiss realobidan iRebs.
gogi CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi ikveTeba rogorc qarTuli ferweris
ganviTarebis xazi, ise Tanamedrove dasavluri xelovnebis mxatvruli
125
principebi. mis nawarmoebebs safuZvlad udevs tradiciuli Janrebisa Tu
Temebis axleburi gaazreba da mxatvruli interpretacia,
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebisa da SemoqmedebiTi meTodis
originaluroba, memkvidreobiTobis SenarCuneba da zogaddasavlur
mxatvrul fenomenTan integrireba.
126
Tavi V. sagnobriv-materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebi
vaxtang beselias SemoqmedebaSi.
samocdaaTianelTa Taobis erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis
vaxtang beselias xelovneba lakoniuri metyvelebiT, formisa da
Sinaarsis harmoniiT, ferwerulobisa da plastikurobis erTianobiT
xasiaTdeba, rac ostatis mxatvruli xedvisa da SesaZleblobebis
mTlianobas adasturebs. Mmisi SemoqmedebiTi meTodi sivrcis, sibrtyis,
moculobis, feris efeqturi urTierTSeTanxmebisa da poeturi
gardasaxvis princips efuZneba, romelSic mkafiod vlindeba sagnobriv-
materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebis Taviseburi sinTezi. Mmxatvris
stilistur-esTetikuri mrwamsi TvalnaTliv mianiSnebs xelovanis kavSirs
Sua saukuneebis qarTul mxatvrobasTan, rac upirveles yovlisa
ganpirobebulia misi Semoqmedebis zogadi niSnebiT – gamomsaxvelobiTi
enis sisadaviT, suraTis naTlad gamovlenili arqiteqtonikiT Tu
daxvewili, TavSekavebuli koloritiT. amasTan erTad aRsaniSnavia misi
siaxlove dasavleT evropul ferwerasTan, rac mJRavndeba mxatvruli
formis ganzogadebaSi, faqturulobisa da sagnobriobis SegrZnebaSi. XX
saukunis didostatTa memkvidreobis SemoqmedebiTi aTviseba xelovanis
nawarmoebebs maRalmxatvrul dones da Tanamedrove xasiaTs aniWebs.
1964-70-iani wlebi v. beselias samxatvro akademiaSi swavlis periodia.
farnaoz lapiaSvilis saxelosnos SemoqmedebiTma atmosferom, sadac
masTan erTad swavlobdnen SemdgomSi qarTuli scenografiis cnobili
moRvaweni _ uSangi imerliSvili, mirian SveliZe, iuri gegeSiZe _
urTierTobebSi ufrosi Taobis iseT TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebTan,
rogorebicaa giorgi gunia, gogi aleqsi-mesxiSvili, dimitri erisTavi da
sxv. , xeli Seuwyo axalgazrda mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi Tu pirovnuli
msoflmxedvelobis Camoyalibebas.
Mmxatvris SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia portrets,
Tumca igi nayofierad muSaobs naturmortis da peizaJis JanrSic,
moRvaweobs Teatralur-dekoraciul mxatvrobaSi.
adamianis Sinagani samyaros, misi sulieri yofis faqiz niuansTa
Secnoba v. beselias SemoqmedebiTi interesebis umTavres amocanas
warmoadgens. mxatvars Seswevs unari modelis analitikuri Wvretisa,
127
risi wyalobiTac es portretuli saxeebi intimurobas,
individualurobas iZenen. maTSi naTlad ikiTxeba personaJis xasiaTi,
ganwyobileba, Sinagani cxovreba Tu garemomcvel samyarosTan
damokidebuleba.
portretebis kompoziciebisaTvis avtori vertikalur formats irCevs.
portretirebulTa gamosaxulebebi kadrSi mWidrod CaWedil
kompoziciebs qmnian, sadac mTeli yuradReba saxis fsiqologiur
daxasiaTebas eTmoba. Zunwad aris gadmocemuli an TiTqmis
ugulebelyofilia yvelaferi, rac mxatvrisaTvis meorexarisxovans
warmoadgens _ tanisamosis detalebi, aqsesuari. neitralur fonze
msxvili planiT gamosaxuli, msubuqad utrirebuli metyveli saxeebi
inarCuneben naturasTan fizikur msgavsebas da emociaTa
mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdebian.
formisa da xasiaTis eqspresiulobiT gamoirCeva v. beselias Cinebuli
“avtoportreti” (qaR. pasteli. 66X30. 1995). namuSevris gamomsaxvelobiT
enas aq grafikuli sawyisebi gansazRvravs _ xatvis maneris eskizuroba,
xazobrivi ritmi, metyveli silueti. kompoziciis saerTo kolorits
moyviTalo-momwvano, mocisfro-monacrisfro ferTa daxvewili gama qmnis.
suraTis siRrmidan mxatvari icqireba Tavis TavSi CaRrmavebuli, fiqriT
da sevdiT aRbeWdili mzeriT. Sinagani keTilSobileba vlindeba mis
Crdildafenil saxesa da mWmunvare ierSi.
“Svilis portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 66X30. 1995) vertikalur RerZul
xazze agebuli kompoziciaa. formaTa materialuri xasiaTi mxatvrul
saxes Sinagan Zalasa da mniSvnelobas aniWebs. perangis xaverdovani
moyavisfro-mowiTalo feris, oqrosferi Tmis, Tbili Ria mwvane fonis
efeqturi Tanafardoba qmnis suraTis daxvewil feradovnebas. odnavi
asimetriiT xazgasmuli modelis saxasiaTo gamoxedva _ aweuli warbi,
SeWmuxnili Subli, saxis nakvTebis SemomsazRvreli dinamikuri
konturebi personaJis Sinagan mRelvarebas, mis cvalebad emociur
samyaros amJRavnebs.
mxatvruli saxis mkveTri daxasiaTebiT gamoirCeva “nino CiburdaniZis
portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 70X50. 2001). qaliSvilis poza _ gaSlili mxrebi,
maRali kiseri da Subli amay xasiaTs avlens. personaJis didroni
128
Tvalebi, mogrZo cxvirisa da warbebis swori xazebi, kululebad
CamoSlili Tmebi, saxis maxvili ovali, gansakuTrebiT gamomsaxvelia.
dinamikuri StrixebiT Seqmnili kompoziciuri ritmi organulad erwymis
rafinirebul qromatul ferweras da acocxlebs suraTis zedapirs.
sasuraTo sibrtyeze farTo planiT warmodgenili personaJis Tavisa da
samosis moculobiTi plastikuri formebi TiTqmis mTlianad avsebs
namuSevris neitralur fons. momwvano-moruxo tonebSi Sesrulebuli muqi
foni, Ria feris reliefurad gamoZerwili saxe qmnis daxvewil
feradovan harmonias. modelis poza da ferweruli zedapiris dinamika
mxatvruli saxis fsiqologizms gadmoscems. es portreti erT-erTi
yvelaze momxiblavia mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi.
cnobiswadiliT aRsavse bavSvuri Tvalebi daJinebiT iyureba “biWunas
portretidan” (qaR. pasteli. 35X32. 1996). suraTi saocari siTboTi,
sixalasiT aris gamsWvaluli. bavSvis metyveli mzera, mousvenari poza
amJRavnebs mis mkvircxl, cocxal bunebas. kompoziciis xazgasmuli
kadrireba da mkveTri ganaTeba akonkretebs biWunas nakvTebs da farTod
gaxelil Tvalebs; personaJis frontalurad mocemuli saxe suraTis
centrSia moTavsebuli, dinamikuri rakursiT mobrunebuli figura ki
gverdidan aRiqmeba, rac acocxlebs erTi amosunTqviT Sesrulebuli
namuSevris saerTo ritms. nawarmoebis koloriti daxvewilia da
xaverdovani. igi intensiuri mwvane pastelis mravalferovani gradaciebis
da Tbili yavisferis urTierTSerwymas emorCileba, naxevartonebis
simdidriT da TavSekavebuli gamiT gamoirCeva.
Sinagani dramatizmiT xasiaTdeba “moqandake oTar darCias portreti”
(qaR. pasteli. 66X30. 1995). nawarmoebSi mxatvari ostaturad mimarTavs
urTierTdapirispirebis Tavisebur xerxs _ formis erTdroulad
sibrtyobriv da moculobiT damuSavebas. aq mZlavri Suq-Crdilovani
modelirebiT gamoZerwili Tavis moculobiTi, plastikuri gamosaxuleba
qmnis kontrasts sxeulis ganzogadebul, pirobiTobis zRvramde dayvanil
formasTan. mxatvari Zaldautaneblad aRwevs am sapirispiro elementebis
harmoniul Tanafardobas da namuSevris organul mTlianobas qmnis.
ferisa da tonis Tavisufali urTierTkavSiri acocxlebs nawarmoebis
momwvano qromatul gamas, aZlierebs gamomsaxvelobas. personaJis
129
fsiqologizms amJRavnebs misi garesamyarosadmi mipyrobili Tvalebi,
aRbeWdili martoobis raRac fataluri gancdiT. es aris STambeWdavi,
sevdiani saxe didi nebisyofis mqone pirovnebisa.
kompoziciuri agebis TvalsazrisiT ramdenadme gansxvavebulia “Teas
portreti” (qaR. pasteli. 85X50. 1995). aRsaniSnavia, rom am nawarmoebSi
personaJis xasiaTi iZerweba ara mxolod saxis gamometyvelebiT, aramed
suraTis mTeli plastikiT _ aq pozac, Cacmulobac erTgvari gzaa
pirovnebis Sinaarsis amosacnobad. erTsa da imave dros mxatvruli
formis moculobiTi da sibrtyobrivi damuSavebis efeqturi xerxi am
namuSevarSic iCens Tavs, aqac aqcentirebulia gulmodgined
Sesrulebuli saxe metyveli nuSiseburi TvalebiT, Txeli sxeuli ki
piriqiT _ zogadad aris moniSnuli. suraTis vertikalisa da modelis
xelebis araTanmxvedri, diagonaluri mimarTuleba dinamikurs xdis
kompozicias; daxvewili koloriti sxvadasxva intensiurobis lurji
feris Tbili da civi tonebis monacvleobas emyareba, qaliSvilis muqi
lurji kabis civi gama uSualo harmoniaSia natifi sxeulis naz,
movardisfro tonebTan. lurji KJReradobis eqspresiuli konturi
Semowers figuras da mas TiTqos haerSi axvevs _ amrigad qreba
sibrtyobriobis STabeWdileba, rasac xels uwyobs vardnili Crdilic;
igi arRvevs fonis neitralurobas da iluzorul perspeqtivas qmnis _
qmnis erTgvar ares fonsa da personaJs Soris.
ganwyobilebis ufro mZafri gamovlenis mizniT v. beselia zogjer
Tavisebur grotesksac mimarTavs. aseTia “mxatvar Tamaz diasamiZis
portreti” (t/z. 45X35. 1994). suraTi Tbili ironiiT aris gamsWvaluli,
masze aRbeWdilia SezarxoSebuli adamiani misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
amRvreuli, gaSeSebuli mzeriT. 3/4-iT mocemuli saxe aq SedarebiT
gulmodginedaa dawerili, wveri, Tma, perangi ki energiuli pastozuri
monasmebiT iZerweba. namuSevris koloriti cxovelxatulia, rogorc wesi,
agebuli Tbili da civi tonebis harmoniaze; igi efuZneba mowiTalo-
moyavisfro, monacrisfro-iasamnisfers, sxvadasxva intensiurobis TeTri
refleqsebis mousvenar ritms. Savi feris plastikuri konturi zogadad
mianiSnebs tansacmlis detalebs da figuras fonisagan gamoyofs.
130
ferweruli faqturis simkvrive da weris dinamikuri xasiaTi
gamosaxulebas erTgvar reliefurobas aniWebs.
Aamdenad, warmodgenili nimuSebis ganxilva safuZvels iZleva vTqvaT,
rom portreti xelovanis Semoqmedebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia,
romelSic gansaxierebas poulobs ara marto personaJis sulieri
samyaro, aramed TviT mxatvris zogadi, humanisturi damokidebuleba
adamianis mimarT.
v. beselias peizaJebi Cveul sisadaves da naTlad gamovlenil
arqiteqtonikas inarCuneben. maT ganwyobilebas mniSvnelovanwilad
koloristuli sawyisebi gansazRvravs _ xasiaTs ganapirobebs feri, gama,
romelic TiToeuli nawarmoebisaTvis saguldagulod aris SerCeuli da
gaazrebuli; es xan lirizmiT aRsavse, harmoniuli, rbili, xanac Sinagani
dramatizmiT gamsWvaluli intensiuri, JReradi ferebia.
fermweris TvaliT danaxuli arqiteqtura _ albaT ase SeiZleba erTi
sityviT “gaiSifros” v. beselias tilo, romelsac “nikorwminda” (t/z.
120X120. 1989) hqvia. kompoziciis dabali horizonti da taZris cadaziduli
vertikaluri plastikuri masebi suraTs monumenturobas aniWebs. taZari,
borcvi, romelzedac igi aRmarTula, dawerilia eqspresiuli pastozuri
monasmebiT. mkvrivi ferweruli faqturis meSveobiT nageboba reliefurad
ikiTxeba sivrceSi da aRiqmeba, rogorc damoukidebeli, calke mdgomi
arqiteqturuli organizmi. amgvari interpretaciiT mxatvari Taviseburad
amkvidrebs rogorc Zeglis, ise misi adgilmdebareobis gansakuTrebul,
raRac sakralur mniSvnelobas. taZris mklavebis gadaxurvisa da
frontonebis texili xazobrivi ritmi urTierTkavSirSia fasadTa
dekoraciuli TaRebis momrgvalebul konturebTan, rac xuroTmoZRvrebis
mkacr, teqtonikur formebs metyvelebas aniWebs. eklesiis perangi aq
moyviTalo-moyavisfro, oqrosfer feradovan gamazea agebuli, romelic
harmoniulad erwymis kramitiT daxuruli saxuravebis Tbil mowiTalo-
moyavisfro fers. namuSevris foni gluvad damuSavebul momwvano-
mocisfro moqufrul cas warmoadgens, romelzec aqa-iq TeTri da
yviTeli ferebis avdrismomaswavebeli refleqsebi gaielveben, yovelive
es aZlierebs Suqisa da feris dramatul vibracias. suraTis fonisa da
taZris ferTa efeqturi dapirispireba cxovelxatulobas aniWebs
131
nawarmoebs. kompoziciis wina planze mocemuli adamianebis jgufi xazs
usvams nagebobis monumenturobas, rac Tavis mxriv intimur xasiaTs
aniWebs namuSevars. “nikorwminda” romantikul sanaxaobas warmoadgens.
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis Sepirispirebis msgavs meTods
imeorebs “qalaqi” (t/z. 60X80. 1989), Tumca Tavisi xasiaTiTa da saerTo
ganwyobilebiT igi sul sxva SegrZnebebs badebs. suraTze gamosaxulia
Zveli baTumisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli farRalala saxli, kolorituli
aivnebiT da SuSabandebiT, romelsac Semouyveba sasuraTo sibrtyis
paralelurad mimarTuli qvis monoliTuri kedeli. ezos siRrmidan
gamokrTis kviparosis bundovani, vertikaluri silueti, rac xazs usvams
nawarmoebis sivrcobriv perspeqtivas. sibrtyobrivi kedeli, moculobiTi
saxli da haerovani garemo warmoadgens im sam ZiriTad komponents,
romelTa delikaturi gaTamaSeba namuSevris metyvel gamomsaxvelobas
ganapirobebs. saxlisa da kedlis koloristuli gama Ria yavisferis,
mowiTalo-moyavisfro tonebisa da naxevartonebis simdidriT xasiaTdeba.
mimzidvelia naTurebis oqrosferi gamosxiveba, rac quCisa da kedlis
garkveul nawils efineba da xelovnuri ganaTebis irealur efeqts qmnis.
es aZlierebs erTgvari Teatralurobis gancdas, rac saerTod axasiaTebs
am kompozicias. gamosaxuleba dawerilia dinamikuri pastozuri
monasmebiT, rac geometriul formebs materialurobas, reliefurobas
aniWebs. nawarmoebis foni gulmodgined damuSavebuli sxvadasxva
intensiurobis monacrisfro-tyviisferi caa, romelic wvimiani saRamos
melanqoliur ganwyobilebas gadmoscems. rogorc Cans, am namuSevarSic,
cxovelxatuli gamomsaxvelobis misaRwevad, gamoyenebulia
dapirispirebis mravali teqnikuri saSualeba, kerZod: Tbili da civi
ferebi, tilos zedapiris faqturuli Tu gluvi teqtonika, masiuri
kedlis statikuroba da saxlis msubuqi konstruqcia, misi dinamikuroba.
sagulisxmoa rom, Tu “nikorwmindaSi” adamianebis jgufi metnaklebad
gansazRvravda kompoziciis masStabs, aq faqtiurad igive motivs _ wina
planze gamosaxuli adamianebis stafaJur figurebs, sagzao niSans,
suraTSi ufro Janruli elementebi Semoaqvs. v. beselias “qalaqs”
fantastikurobis elferi dahkravs da raRac zRaprul STabeWdilebas
tovebs.
132
“Semodgoma” (t/z. 70X85. 1985) bunebis lirikuli gancdiTaa
gamsWvaluli. peizaJis motivi martivia _ suraTze gamosaxulia alvis
xeebis ori jgufi, romlebic kompoziciis dabali horizontis wyalobiT,
TiTqmis mTlianad cis fonze arian warmodgenilni da suraTis danarCen
komponentebze, rogoricaa miwis viwro zoli, dabali xeebi, savsebiT
gabatonebul “mdgomareobas” inarCuneben. xeebi dawerilia zogadad, Suq-
CrdiliT, Tumca msubuqad, xazgasmulia maTi plastika. miuxedavad amisa
nawarmoebSi miRweulia mxatvruli mTlianobisa da cxovelxatulobis
gancda. aRsaniSnavia, rom Semodgomis SegrZnebas aq ara xeebis siyviTle,
aramed, intensiurad JReradi oqrosferi foni, sivrculi garemo
amkvidrebs.
sruliad gansxvavebul STabeWdilebas axdens _ “cisferi peizaJi” (qaR.
pasteli. 45X50. 1994), romelic originaluri kompoziciuri gadawyvetiT
da dinamizmiT gamoirCeva. suraTis ukana planze mocemulia erTmaneTTan
mijriT mdgomi usaxuri saxlebi, romlebic erTian arqiteqturul masas
qmnian. maT uSfoTvel ritms, Tanaarsebobas arRvevs wina planze
gamosaxuli foTlebSemoZarcvuli xe, romelic nawarmoebis kompoziciur
da azrobriv centrs warmoadgens da haerovani sivrcisa da manZilis
SegrZnebas iZleva. sainteresoa, rom am namuSevarSi, rogorc v. beselias
portretebSi, gamomsaxvelobis koncentraciis mizniT, kompoziciis
efeqturi kadrireba aris gamoyenebuli, kerZod _ xe gadaWrilia, ar Cans
misi Ziri, arc kenwero, aqcentirebulia mxolod Txeli tani da SiSveli,
daxlarTuli totebi, romlebic zeapyrobili xelebis STabeWdilebas
toveben. maTi mousvenari, daZabuli ritmi nawarmoebs did eqspresiulobas
aniWebs. suraTis koloriti rafinirebulia. igi mqrqali nacrisferi,
vardisferi, TeTri da cisferi naxevartonebis harmoniazea agebuli.
gamosaxuleba aq TiTqos lurji prizmis miRma mosCans, rac suraTis
koloristuli gadawyvetis mxatvrul mTlianobas gansazRvravs.
v. beselias saukeTeso peizaJebi sulierebis im niSans atareben, rac
saerTod axasiaTebs mxatvris Semoqmedebas. maTi intimuroba, poetur-
emociuri muxti bunebisadmi, silamazisadmi cxadi siyvarulis
gamomxatvelia.
133
v. beselias naturmortebi mxatvruli xedvis individualurobiT
xasiaTdeba. nawarmoebebi pirobiTad ramdenime jgufad SeiZleba daiyos,
rac ufro TvalsaCinod warmoaCens avtoris SemoqmedebiTi
problemebisadmi midgomis sxvadasxva niuanss.
mxatvruli ostatobis maRali done Tavisebur xibls aniWebs
namuSevars, romelsac “qilebi” (t/z. 50X50. 1986) ewodeba. masze
gamosaxulia tumboze dawyobili sxvadasxva zomisa da formis Tunuqis
daWeWyili qilebi. kompoziciis wina planze mocemuli tumbos mkacri
geometriuli forma diagonalurad kveTs sasuraTo sibrtyes, arRvevs mas
da namuSevris siRrmes qmnis. Nnawarmoebi daxvewili ferwerulobiT
xasiaTdeba, romelSic Rrma, msuye saRebavebi faqizad erwymian erTmaneTs.
esaa lurji, iisferi, moyavisfro-mowiTalo, yviTeli ferebis ansambli.
funjis msubuqi, plastikuri monasmebiT suraTSi miiRweva gamosaxulebis
gamWvirvaleba da mkafio faqturuloba, rac ara mxolod sagnis
struqturis maxasiaTebeli, aramed cincxali ganwyobis Semqmnelic aris.
suraTis foni oqrosferi refleqsebiT gacocxlebuli lurji haerovani
garemoa. namuSevarSi yavisferi xis faqtura efeqturadaa
dapirispirebuli vercxlisferi qilebis priala zedapirebTan, romelTa
mosalodnel erTferovnebas liTonis CaWyletili adgilebis Suq-
Crdilovani modelireba acxovelebs.
faqturuli dapirispirebis igive amocanas emsaxureba “boTlebi” (t/z.
100X77. 1989). am nawarmoebSi igi rbili naoWebiT drapirebuli
monacrisfro nazi qsovilis, Savi plastmasis boTlebisa da oqrosferi
liTonis deformirebuli kolofis cxovelxatul kontrasts emyareba.
kompoziciis foni aq TiTqos neitraluri, Tumca msubuqi da gamWvirvalea.
saganTa vardnili Crdilebi mayurebels manZils agrZnobineben. yovelive
suraTSi haeriT gaJRenTili garemos STabeWdilebas aZlierebs da amasTan
materialurobas matebs namuSevars.
TavianTi xasiaTiT am namuSevrebs uaxlovdeba v. beselias mier
Sesrulebuli naturmortebi, romlebSic mxatvari Tevzebs gamosaxavs.
Tanamedrove qarTul mxatvrobaSi, gansakuTrebiT a. varazis, z. niJaraZis,
a. dilbarianis, l. baiaRCevis xelovnebaSi es sakmaod gavrcelebuli
motivia; TiToeul maTgans igi sakuTar SemoqmedebiT moTxovnilebaTa
134
Sesabamisad aqvs interpretirebuli. v. beselias amgvari naturmortebi
yuradRebas ipyrobs gamosaxulebis plastikuri, mkafiod gamovlenili
moculobiTi da faqturuli damuSavebiT (“naturmorti TevzebiT”. qaR.
pasteli. 65X50. 1993). am nawarmoebebSi kvlavac gamoyenebulia metyveli
materialuri formebisa da msubuqi, haerovani garemos daxvewili
urTierTSepirispirebis Cveuli meTodi.
gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavia v. beselias naturmortebis cikli
musikaluri instrumentebis Temaze. “tuba” (t/z. 100X75. 1988) Tavisi
xazgasmuli eqspresiulobiT gamoirCeva. aseT xasiaTs aq nawarmoebis
TiTqmis yoveli gamomsaxvelobiTi elementi amJRavnebs. upirveles
yovlisa esaa suraTis koloristuli wyoba da kompoziciuri struqtura
_ wriul ritmSi CarTuli, dinamikuri Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT
naZerwi TeTri drapirebuli qsovili, erTmaneTze gadaxlarTuli
gacrecili Tokebi, spilenZisferi tubis diagonaluri mimarTuleba.
Sepirispirebulia agreTve qsovilis rbili, denadi nakecebi da myife
liTonis civi elvareba. suraTis mrume, momwvano foni gamsWvaluli
dramatuli moyviTalo feris gradaciebiT, aZlierebs materialurad
mkvrivi sagnebis da haerovani sivrcis cxovelxatul gamomsaxvelobas.
sainteresoa v. beselias tilo _ “nostalgia” (t/z. 100X85. 1990),
romelzec aRbeWdilia rbili qsoviliT drapirebul kubze dadebuli
valtorna da sanoto furceli. xedvis wertili aq aRebulia zemodan ise,
rom kubis zedapiri mTlianad ikiTxeba. aqedan gamomdinare, misi
perspeqtivaSi ganTavseba ukve TavisTavad iZleva siRrmis gancdas.
valtorna gamosaxulia uCveulo rakursiT _ igi mayureblisken piriTaa
moqceuli, rac erTi SexedviT aZnelebs sagnis raobis amocnobas. iseve,
rogorc sxva namuSevrebSi, aqac Tavs iCens faqturuli dapirispireba _
furclis xisti nakecebi, liTonis priala zedapiri. gamosaxuleba aqac
haerovan garemoSia gansxeulebuli, rasac mTeli sisavsiT avlens
nawarmoebis Tbili, xaverdovani koloristuli gama. igi agebulia baci
yviTeli, mdogvisferi tonebis natif harmoniul gadasvlebze, rac
erTgvar pastelur STabeWdilebas tovebs da gamosaxulebas
gansakuTrebul lirizms aniWebs.
135
sul sxva JReradobas iZens valtorna namuSevarSi “naturmorti
saaTiT” (t/z. 65X60. 1995). aRsaniSnavia, rom es nawarmoebebi, romlebSic
faqtiurad erTi da igive sagnebia gamosaxuli, maTi sxvadasxvagvari
ganTavsebisa da teqnikuri gadawyvetis meSveobiT, sruliad gansxvavebul
ganwyobilebas iZenen. am SemTxvevaSi instrumenti da furceli ara
horizontalur sibrtyeze, aramed kedlis pirobiT fonzea moTavsebuli.
dakecili qaRaldi qmnis erTgvar cxovelxatul sibrtyes kedelsa da
valtornas Soris, rac aZlierebs suraTis gamomsaxvelobas; marTkuTxa
furcelze moTavsebuli sagnebi mWidro CarCoSia moqceuli, Tumca fonis
garkveuli “Tavisufali” are “asunTqebs” kidec kompozicias da masSi
sivrcis SegrZneba Semoaqvs. nawarmoebis koloriti daxvewilia, efeqturi.
valtornis zedapiri da furceli dawerilia sxvadasxva intensiurobis
moyavisfro-mooqrosfro tonalobaSi, rac am sagnebs mkafiod warmoaCens
suraTis TeTr fonze. kedlis civi TeTri feri Taviseburad airekleba
Zveleburi jibis saaTis spetak siTeTreSi, rac kidev ufro ametyvelebs
am kompozicias.
amrigad, is SemoqmedebiTi meTodi, rac zemoT moculobiTi,
materialuri formebisa da haerovani garemos gadmocemis SedarebiT
mSvidi dapirispirebiT ganisazRvreboda, am nawarmoebebSi mkafiod iCens
Tavs da Sesrulebis erTgvari naturalizmiT, faqturulobisa da
sagnobriobis mZafri SegrZnebiT aRiniSneba.
v. beselias SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia zRvis
Tematikas, Tumca xelovani iSviaTad mimarTavs uSualod marinistul
Janrs. mxatvris iseT nawarmoebebSi, rogorebicaa: “Tolia” (t/z. 70X60.
1995), “tivtivebi” (t/z. 60X60. 1996), “niJara” (t/z. 70X60. 1997) da sxv. zRva
arsad Cans, magram yvelaferSi igrZnoba misi siaxlove, surneli _ am
suraTebis mTavari “gmirebi” meTevzeTa badeebi, kenWebi, niJarebia.
erTgvar metaforul JReradobas iZens Cinebuli namuSevari “dila
zRvaze” (t/z. 66X70. 1995). suraTze aRbeWdilia lurji feris
SeWyletili plastmasis boTli, romelic TiTqos qviSian plaJze dgas. am
erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivsa da yofiT motivs ucnauri iersaxe aqvs
miniWebuli _ boTli TiTqos sanapiroze ganmartoebiT moarul adamians
ufro miagavs. suraTis uCveulo xasiaTs xazs usvams xedvis wertilis
136
STambeWdavi SerCeva da koloristuli gamis silamaze. kompozicia Zalze
ganwyobiania, rasac mxatvari upiratesad Ria iasamnisferis burusiT
moculi sivrcobrivi perspeqtiviT amkvidrebs. oqrosferi qviSa, lurji
moculobiTi boTli, misgan areklili sinaTlis aTinaTi da vardnili
Crdili nawarmoebis cxovelxatul gamomsaxvelobas qmnis.
Sesrulebis erTgvari naturalisturi maneriT, kompoziciuri xedvis
TaviseburebebiT, moulodnelobis efeqtiT Tu garkveuli metaforuli
JReradobiT am namuSevrebs pirobiTad SeiZleba miesadagos termini
“romantikuli siurrealizmi” (iv tangi, pier rua da sxv.), Tumca igi sul
sxva istoriul viTarebaSi warmoiSva da gansxvavebul esTetikur mrwamss
aviTarebs.
mxatvris namuSevarTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia SesaniSnav
suraTs _ “Tasi” (t/z. 85X85. 1993), romelic mniSvnelovanwilad Tavs
uyris Semoqmedis stilistur-esTetikur Ziebebs. masze gamosaxulia sqeli
qsoviliT drapirebul kubze dadebuli momcro, sada formis Tasi.
intensiuri gradaciebiT Seferili, materialurad mkvrivi TeTri feri
Tavisi spetaki gamosxivebiT aq TiTqos fizikurad xelSesaxebs xdis
qsovilisa Tu Tasis faqturas. mZlavri Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT
naZerwi dinamikuri forma Sinagani eqspresiiTaa gamsWvaluli, rac
gamosaxulebas garkveul ideur mrwamssac aniWebs. mTeli es “TeTri”
kompozicia amozidulia metnaklebad iluzoruli muqi fonidan, romelic
naTelTan Sexebisas raRac uxilavi sinaTlis Semcvel substanciad
gardaiqmneba. yovelive es suraTs cxovelmyofelobiT, mxatvruli
RirsebiT aRavsebs.
v. beselias saukeTeso naturmortebSi saganTa “wynari cxovreba” (Still
Life) ikiTxeba. isini TiTqos Sordebian yofierebis utilitarul samyaros
da Taviseburi simboluri intonaciebiT xmianeben, metyveleben frazebiT,
romlebic mravalferovani intimuri SegrZnebebis Sesatyvisia.
Aamrigad, vaxtang beselias Semoqmedeba mxatvruli xedvis
individualurobiT da subieqturi saxviTi interpretaciiT xasiaTdeba.
igi gamsWvalulia sulismieri sawyisebis aSkara primatiT, romelSic
gansaxierebas poulobs mxatvris zogadi humanisturi damokidebuleba
rogorc adamianis, ise sagnebisa da movlenebis mimarT. mxatvruli
137
gadawyvetis TvalsazrisiT es nawarmoebebi sisadaves da suraTis naTlad
gamovlenil arqiteqtonikas inarCuneben. namuSevrebis xasiaTs Tu poetur-
emociur muxts mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs ferweruli sawyisebi,
koloriti, romelic naxevartonebis faqiz niuansebzea agebuli. Suqisa da
Crdilis mkveTri modelirebiT avtori aZlierebs mxatvruli saxeebis
emociur metyvelebas, rasac ostaturad upirispirebs neitralur fons da
aRwevs suraTis calkeuli nawilebis ritmul da tonalur erTianobas.
yovelive zemoxsenebulTan erTad v. beselias suraTebSi iqmneba garemo,
sadac sivrce erTgvar plastikur xatad gardaiqmneba da gamosaxvis
mniSvnelovan esTetikur obieqts warmoadgens. avtoris SemoqmedebiTi
alRo, azrovnebisa da gancdis Taviseburebebi namuSevrebis siRrmis,
mxatvruli Rirsebis ganmsazRvrelia.
138
Ddaskvna
Tuki Tvals gadavavlebT XX saukunis qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis
ganviTarebis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs, razec vrclad visaubreT naSromis
pirvel TavSi, naTlad gamoikveTeba is etapebi da Taviseburebebi,
romelTac mxatvruli cxovrebis SefasebisaTvis ganmsazRvreli
mniSvneloba aqvT, gamovlindeba sxvadasxva tendencia Tu stilisturi
mimarTuleba, rac mkafiod gamoxatuli individualuri xasiaTis mqone
mxatvarTa moRvaweobiT aris ganpirobebuli. axal qarTul mxatvrobaSi
mimdinare procesebi aCvenebs, rom man Camoyalibebis rTuli da
winaaRmdegobebiT savse gza ganvlo.
qarTuli xelovnebis fesvebi saTaves jer kidev uZveles warsulSi
iRebs. saxviTi xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargs odiTganve umniSvnelovanesi
adgili ekava. oqros, vercxlis, brinjaos nakeTobani, keramikuli da
minis WurWeli ramdenime aTaswleuls iTvlian. Sua saukuneebSi iqmneba
qvisa da liTonis, xeze kveTis, monumenturi da miniaturuli mxatvrobis
mravali nawarmoebi. saukuneTa manZilze adgilobriv, bizantiur da
aRmosavleT qristianul tradiciaTa rTul urTierTkavSirSi
viTardeboda maRalmxatvruli, erovnuli TavisTavadobiT gamorCeuli
qarTuli xelovneba.
XIX s-is dasawyisidan qarTuli xelovnebis ganviTarebis axali faza
isaxeba. saqarTvelo ukavSirdeba rusul da evropul kulturebs da
dasavluri samyaros kalapots ubrundeba. iwyeba SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis
garkveuli aqtivizacia. qarTvel ostatebs saSualeba eZlevaT ruseTsa da
evropaSi miiRon profesiuli ganaTleba, aiTvison maTTvis axali
realisturi xelovnebis principebi.
XIX s-is pirveli naxevari Sua saukuneebis xelovnebidan
realisturobisaken gardamavali periodia. Cndeba dazguri suraTi,
romelSic upiratesoba portretul Janrs eniWeba. erovnuli xelovnebis
ganviTarebis gzaze udides rols TamaSobs e.w. “tfilisuri skola”.
swored aqedan moyolebuli SeiZleba Tvali gavadevnoT stilistur
gadasvlas pirobiTobidan samyaros realisturi asaxvisaken, rac
mniSvnelovani movlena iyo qarTuli xelovnebis evoluciisaTvis.
139
axali qarTuli ferweris pirveli Taobis warmomadgenlebma (a. beriZe,
a. mrevliSvili, g. gabaSvili, m. ToiZe da sxv.)daamkvidres realisturi
msoflSegrZnebis principebi, gaafarToves SemoqmedebiTi diapazoni,
safuZveli daudes saxviTi xelovnebis mraval dargs da Janrs, isini
cdilobdnen “dasweodnen” evropuli xelovnebis monapovars. XX s-is
mijnaze da mis pirvel aTwleulSi realisturi mxatvrobis damkvidrebis
amocana maT mier daZleul iqna. unda aRiniSnos, rom amave periodSi
gansakuTrebuli adgili daikava TviTnaswavli mxatvris n.
firosmanaSvilis Semoqmedebam, romlis mxatvrobam intuiciurad, savsebiT
bunebrivad daitia qarTuli xelovnebis mravalsaukunovani tradicia da
amavdroulad Tanamedrove JReradobac SeiZina.
1910-20-ian wlebSi qarTul mxatvrobaSi Tvisobrivad axali, Zalze
saintereso da mravalferovani periodi iwyeba. 1920-iani wlebis Taoba (d.
kakabaZe, l. gudiaSvili, S. qiqoZe, e. axvlediani da sxv.) miznad isaxavs
formiTa da SinaarsiT erovnuli da amave dros Tanamedrove dasavluri
tipis principebze dafuZnebuli ferweris Camoyalibebas. “xelovneba
erovnuli da amave dros Tanamedrove, erovnuli Tavisi arsiT da
amasTanave XX s-is moTxovnilebaTa doneze mdgomi” (beriZe 1983:3) _
aseTia “ocianelTa” Taobis SemoqmedebiTi mrwamsi. tradiciisadmi
axleburma midgomam, misgan organulad aRmocenebis survilma, msoflio
xelovnebis Tanadroul mimdinareobebTan ziarebam warmoSva uaRresad
TavisTavadi mxatvroba, romelic Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis
pirveli ayvavebis periodad aris miCneuli. Cvenis azriT, am periodSi
qarTuli xelovneba Tavisi formaTqmnadobis TvalsazrisiT Tanmxvedri
aRmoCnda dasavlur xelovnebaSi mimdinare mxatvruli procesebisa.
realurad es iyo qarTuli ferweris organuli ganviTarebis Sedegi.
1920-iani wlebis qarTuli xelovnebis ganviTarebis es organuli
procesi 1930-ian wlebSi Sewyda. sabWoTa kavSirSi amuSavebulma
ideologiurma wnexma qarTuli kultura kidev erTxel amoagdo
bunebrivi ganviTarebis kalapotidan. 1920-iani wlebis SemoqmedebiTi
Ziebebis uaryofam, realizmis calmxrivma gagebam, dabal
profesionalizmTan erTad, ganapiroba mxatvrul nawarmoebTa
erTgvarovneba, rogorc Sinaarsis, aseve mxatvruli meTodis ganviTarebis
140
TvalsazrisiT. socrealizmis yalb ideurobasa da deklaraciebs
damorCilebuli avtorebi SemdgomSic ver sZleven stilistur
erTferovnebas. am periodis monumentur qmnilebebSi vlindeba siuJetis
gaxsnis erTgvari literaturuloba da kompoziciuri agebis
dekoraciuli xasiaTi. es Taviseburebebi qarTul xelovnebaSi 1950-ian
wlebamde grZeldeba.
1950-iani wlebidan, iwyebs ra axal Ziebebs mxatvruli specifikis
sferoSi, uaxlesi qarTuli mxatvroba faqtiurad Tavidan ubrundeba im
problemebsa Tu mxatvrul principebs, romelTa organuli ganviTareba
xelovnurad iqna SeCerebuli 1930-ian wlebSi. am periodSi SemoqmedebiT
asparezze gamosulma axalgazrda mxatvrebma (j. xundaZe, e. kalandaZe, z.
niJaraZe da sxv.) Tamamad daarRvies formaluri Ziebebis akrZalva.
“ormocdaaTianelebi” iRvwodnen, raTa Tavis uflebebSi aRedginaT feri,
rogorc suraTis erT-erTi ZiriTadi sawyisi. isini ferweruli amocanebis
gadawyvetiT iyvnen dainteresebulni, ramac maT mxatvrobaSi myari,
gaazrebuli feradovani sistemis Camoyalibebas Cauyara safuZveli. es
mxatvrebi saerTo miznebs isaxavdnen, magram maT ganviTarebis sakuTari
gza gaiares da Seqmnes nawarmoebebi, romlebic mkafiod asaxaven
TiToeuli maTganis SemoqmedebiT mrwamss. 1950-iani wlebis Sua xanebidan
ferweruli amocanebi organulad daukavSirda am periodis xelovnebis
saerTo tendencias – mxatvruli enis ganaxlebisaken ltolvas.
ormocdaaTianelTa novaciebi, romlebic axali mxatvrul-saazrovno
problematikis damkvidrebas ukavSirdeba, logikur dasayrdens uqmnida
momaval Taobebs. sxvadasxva mxatvruli problemebisadmi SemoqmedebiTi
midgoma, samyaros uSualo, individualuri aRqma, xatovani azrovneba,
ferweris saxviT-dekoratiuli saSualebebis, feris TavisTavadi da
saxviTi Tvisebebis xazgasma ormocdaaTianelTa SemoqmedebiTi
interesebis ZiriTad sferos gansazRvravs.
1950-60-ian wlebSi momxdarma arsebiTma Zvrebma, politikur-
kulturulma liberalizaciam mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiTi
saSualebebis Ziebebis gaaqtiureba ganapiroba. “uZraobis” periodSi
sabWoTa ideologiuri wnexi da cenzura aRar aris iseTi mkacri.
aRsaniSnavia, rom swored am periodSi aRweven Tavisi SesaZleblobebis
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maqsimalur gamovlenas rogorc ufrosi, ise momdevno Taobis
warmomadgenlebi, romlebic samoRvaweo asparezze 1960-70-ian wlebSi
Tanmimdevrulad gamodian. saxviT xelovnebaSi naTlad ikveTeba
mxatvarTa miswrafeba ganzogadebuli saxeebis Seqmnisa da samyaros
xatovan-esTetikuri aRqmisaken. niSandoblivia, rom am epoqisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli cxovrebis arsis siRrmiseuli gancda mxatvris
TviTmyofadobis gamovlenis farTo SesaZleblobebs qmnida. am pleadis
saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi TavianT namuSevrebSi mTeli sisavsiT
avlendnen sakuTar msoflSegrZnebas, gamoxatavdnen sakuTar
damokidebulebas garemomcveli sinamdvilisadmi. amdenad, am periodidan
mxatvarTa individualizmi kvlav qarTuli ferweris damaxasiaTebel
Tvisebad iqca.
1960-iani wlebis Taobis (k. maxaraZe, r. Tordia, g. YToiZe da sxv.)
zogad miRwevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos kompoziciuri struqturis
dekoratiulobis, monumenturobis win wamoweva, saxviT-plastikuri da
dekoratiul-sibrtyobrivi formebis erTgvari sinTezi, TavSekavebuli
koloritis pirobiToba, ferweris erTgvari siaxlove Wedurobisa da
qandakebis damaxasiaTebel principebTan.
1970-ian wlebSi axali azrovnebisaken da TviTganaxlebisaken swrafvam
stilisturi mravalferovneba ganapiroba. SemoqmedebiTi
memkvidreobisadmi miswrafeba TviTSegnebis formad iqca, ramac
mxatvruli midgomisa da gadawyvetis mravalsaxovanebas gauxsna gza.
mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT 1970-iani wlebi aris im Ziebebisa da
problematikis erTgvari gagrZeleba, romlebic uaxles qarTul
ferweraSi 1950-60-iani wlebidan isev organulad viTardeba. am
droisaTvis kvlav aqtualuria mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiTi
saSualebebis srulyofis problema – feris, naxatis, kompoziciis gagebis
sakiTxi. am etapis Taviseburebebs qmnian individualuri xelweris mqone
mxatvrebi, romelTac akavSirebT sakuTari esTetikis damkvidreba,
samyaros siRrmiseuli da xatovani aRqma, mxatvruli xerxebis srulyofa
sakuTari gancdebisa Tu ideebis gadmosacemad. 1970-iani wlebis qarTul
ferweraSi warmoCinda individualuri xelweris mqone SemoqmedTa farTo
speqtri, romelic naTlad aCvenebs erTmaneTisagan sruliad
142
gansxvavebuli avtorebis SemoqmedebiTi amocanebisadmi midgomis
sxvadasxva niuansebs, saintereso esTetikur da stilistur
Taviseburebebs. kerZod, sagnobriv-materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebis
Taviseburi sinTezi mJRavndeba v. beselias mxatvrobaSi, saxovan-
romantikuli tendenciebiT aris gamsWvaluli e. onianis mxatvruli
samyaro, plastikuri formisa da feris tonalur SesaZleblobaTa
srulyofilad gamovlena axasiaTebs T. xuciSvilis namuSevrebs, sivrce-
sibrtyis organizebis specifika Tu sibrtyobrivi dekoratiulobisaken
erTgvari swrafva gamoarCevs g. CageliSvilis ferwerul tiloebs.
Tavisi mxatvruli msoflaRqmiT, SemoqmedebiTi meTodis
konceptualuri da formaluri Taviseburebebis mkafio gamovleniT esma
oniani samocdaaTianelTa Taobis Rirseul warmomadgenlad gvevlineba.
misi originaluri msoflmxedveloba, individualuri mxatvruli
azrovneba da ferweruli manera 1970-ian wlebSi yalibdeba. am droisaTvis
Tavs iCens mxatvris swrafva rTuli ferweruli amocanebis sinTezuri
gadawyvetisadmi. sagnobrivi formis transformireba, sivrce-sibrtyis,
tonaloba-feris gamovlena erT mTelSi misi SemoqmedebiTi interesebis
umTavres sagans warmoadgens. TandaTan ikveTeba mxatvris Semoqmedebis
sxvadasxva aspeqti Tu mxatvruli amocana: plastikur formaTa metyveli
pastozuri Zerwva, sivrcobrivi problematika, swrafva gamaerTianebeli
movardisfro gamis Seqmnisaken. 1980-90-iani wlebisaTvis mkafiod
Camoyalibebul saxes iZens sakuTari mxatvruli meTodis damkvidrebis,
samyarosa da misi sivrcul-droiTi maxasiaTeblebis avtoriseuli
gaazrebis intensiuri procesi. suraTebSi dominirebs samyaros, rogorc
erTiani mTelis ferwerul-poeturi gancda, matulobs filosofiuri
gansjis, monumenturobis SegrZneba. niSandoblivia, rom Tavis
SemoqmedebaSi e. oniani warmatebiT aviTarebs gansxvavebuli specifikis
mqone struqturuli niSnebis erT mxatvrul wyobaSi integrirebis rTul
xazs. mis namuSevrebSi safuZvlianad aris Tavmoyrili da sinTezirebuli
mxatvris Ziebebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi: plastikur formaTa
ferweruli Zerwva, civi da Tbili ferebis niuansireba specifikur Suq-
haerovan mowiTalo gamaSi, stilizebuli, ganzogadebul-
143
monumentalizebuli, zogjer abstrahirebis zRvarTan mdgomi lakoniuri
formebis gadmocema.
e. onianis xelovneba xasiaTdeba mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobis didi
ZaliT da mkafio saxovanebiT. mis nawarmoebebSi naTlad mJRavndeba
swrafva cxovrebiseul movlenTa pirobiT-poeturi gardasaxvisaken.
pirvel planze inacvlebs “saxe-mogonebis” Tu “saxe-gancdis”
mniSvnelobis xazgasma, emociuri mgrZnobeloba, rasac avtori feris
eqspresiis gaZlierebiT, formis erTgvari abstrahirebis, suraTis
sivrcobrivi da plastikuri komponentebis originaluri SerwymiT avlens.
sagnebisa da movlenebis xatovan-esTetikuri aRqmiT, cxovrebis arsis
siRrmiseuli gancdiT mxatvari sakuTar samyaros poetur JReradobas,
romantikul intonacias aniWebs.
samocdaaTianelTa Taobis gamorCeuli ostati Tamaz xuciSvili im
mxatvarTa wres ganekuTvneba, romlebic feris tonalur SesaZleblobaTa
srulyofilad gamovlenisaken iswrafvian da uSualod agrZeleben
qarTuli realisturi ferweris SemoqmedebiT tradiciebs. misi
mxatvruli xedva wlebis manZilze ganicdis Tavisebur stilistur
evolucias, rac naTlad amJRavnebs avtoris SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis
sxvadasxva aspeqtebs. kerZod, 1970-iani wlebis eqspresiuli, pastozuri
manera kontrastul ferTa emociuri ZaliT warmoCenas da ganzogadebuli
mxatvruli saxis mZafr gamovlenas emsaxureba. 1980-90-ian wlebSi weris
ufro gluvi maneriT Sesrulebul namuSevrebSi upiratesad realisturi
midgoma ikveTeba. mravalferovani tonaluri gradaciebi, efeqturi
ganaTeba, daxvewili naxati organul mTlianobaSia moyvanili, rac
akademiuri sizustiT Sesrulebul am nawarmoebebs erTgvari lirikuli
ganwyobiT aRavsebs. 1990-2000-ian wlebSi Seqmnili nimuSebis
Taviseburebebi – Txelfenovani weris manera, plastikuri formebis
gulmodgine damuSaveba, grafikuli xazis metyveleba e.w. salonuri
akademizmis niSnebs avlens.
T. xuciSvilis mxatvruli meTodi efuZneba akademiur-realistur
stils. sivrcisa da formis plastikuri Zerwvis ZiriTad xerxs ferTa
faqizi tonaluri gadasvlebi, ostaturi Suq-Crdilovani modelireba,
sagnobriv-moculobiTi gamomsaxveloba gansazRvravs. feri avtoris
144
TviTgamoxatvis ZiriTadi saSualebaa, igi misTvis ara mxolod
formaTqmnadobis umTavresi komponenti, aramed kompoziciuri
mTlianobisa da emociuri metyvelebis umniSvnelovanesi maxasiaTebelia.
ferwerul-koloristul da kompoziciur sawyisebTan erTad avtoris
saxviTi enis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria ganaTeba, romelic
garkveulwilad Teatraluri mxatvrobis specifikas efuZneba, igi
mkafiod gamokveTs arsebiTs – axasiaTebs mxatvrul saxes, akonkretebs
sagnebs, detalebs. movlenebis amgvari gaazreba avtoris individualuri
gancdiT aris ganpirobebuli. T. xuciSvilis mxatvroba gamoirCeva
ferweruli enis organuli SegrZnebiT, tonalurad mdidari palitra,
daxvewili gama, weris Tavisufali manera Tu tilos zedapiros metyveli
faqtura xelovanis saukeTeso nawarmoebebs gansakuTrebul
gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs.
uaxlesi qarTuli mxatvrobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani warmomadgenlis
gogi CageliSvilis Semoqmedebas safuZvlad udevs tradiciuli Janrebisa
Tu Temebis axleburi gaazreba da mxatvruli interpretacia.
intuiciuroba, spontanuroba, improvizaciuloba is ZiriTadi niSan-
Tvisebebia, riTac sazrdoobs mxatvari. misi msoflmxedveloba gamoirCeva
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebisa da SemoqmedebiTi meTodis
originalurobiT, aRbeWdilia memkvidreobiTobis SenarCunebisa da
amasTan erTad zogaddasavlur mxatvrul principebTan integrirebisaken
swrafviT. g. CageliSvilis namuSevrebSi erTmaneTTan erTdroulad
Tanaarsebobs sibrtyobrivi da sivrcobrivi sawyisebi, rac mis
SemoqmedebaSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi faqtiurad ucvleli rCeba; maT
axasiaTebT kompoziciuri struqturis erTgvari statikuroba da
ferweruli fenis dinamika, swrafva formaTa gadmocemis gamartivebisa da
ganzogadebisaken, midrekileba pirobiTobisa da abstrahirebisaken da
amavdroulad sivrcobriv-haerovani garemos damkvidrebisaken.
TandaTan g. CageliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi vlindeba sagnobriv-
materialuri sawyisebidan daSorebis mcdeloba, Tavs iCens
dekoratiulobis tendencia, rac mis suraTebSi sxvadasxva mxatvruli
saSualebebiT vlindeba. sivrce mis suraTebSi ganzogadebulia da
moklebulia konkretikas; formebi imdenad deformirebuli da
145
abstrahirebulia, rom TiTqos kargaven materialur wonadobas. pirobiTi
sivrce da kompoziciis sibrtyovani ganSla avlens ara marto namuSevris
Sinaarsobriv datvirTvas, aramed aqtiur dekoratiul funqciasac
atarebs. aqedan gamomdinare igi iZens mTlianobas, rogorc saxviT-
plastikuri, ise dekoratiuli TvalsazrisiTac. sibrtyis SegrZneba, misi
organzomilebianoba, rogorc suraTis safuZveli, mis namuSevrebSi
Taviseburad erwymis sivrcobrivi garemos gadmocemis problemas.
pirobiTobisaken swrafviT, sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli sawyisebis
momZlavrebiT avtori Tanmimdevrulad amkvidrebs samyaros msubuq,
lirikul, xatovan aRqmas, rac mniSvnelovanwilad namuSevrebis
ferweruli gaazrebiTac aris ganpirobebuli. g. CageliSvilis
ferweruli gama gamWvirvale, mSvidi da TavSekavebulia, igi mdidaria
feradovani niuansebiT, daxvewili tonaluri gradaciebiT. feris
saSualebiT avtori aRwevs maqsimalur mxatvrul gamomsaxvelobas, Tumca
igi ara imdenad Rrma emociis Semcveli, aramed ufro gancdismieria,
Tavisi TvisebebiT dekoratiul specifikas gamoxatavs da haerovnebisa Tu
sivrcobriobis maniSnebel kategoriad gvevlineba. g. CageliSvilis
nawarmoebebis ferweruli gaazreba da formaTqmnadoba avlens mxatvris
swrafvas Seqmnas erTiani, TiTqosda usasrulo, “dematerializebuli”
garemo, romelic amavdroulad saTaves realobidan iRebs.
iluzorulobis efeqtis erTgvari uaryofiT, formaTa gamartivebiT,
tonaluri mTlianobiT mxatvari Tavis nawarmoebebSi uSfoTveli,
harmoniuli, esTetikurad mimzidveli samyaros SegrZnebas gadmoscems.
samocdaaTianelTa erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis vaxtang
beselias xelovneba mxatvruli xedvis individualurobiT da subieqturi
saxviTi interpretaciiT xasiaTdeba. misi SemoqmedebiTi meTodi sivrcis,
sibrtyis, moculobis, feris efeqturi urTierTSeTanxmebisa da poeturi
gardasaxvis princips efuZneba, romelSic mkafiod vlindeba sagnobriv-
materialuri da grZnobadi sawyisebis Taviseburi sinTezi. mxatvruli
gadawyvetis TvalsazrisiT mxatvris nawarmoebebi sisadaves da suraTis
naTlad gamovlenil arqiteqtonikas inarCuneben, isini xasiaTdebian
lakoniuri metyvelebiT, formisa da Sinaarsis harmoniiT, ferwerulobisa
da plastikurobis erTianobiT. namuSevrebis xasiaTs Tu emociur muxts
146
mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs ferweruli sawyisebi, TavSekavebuli
koloriti, romelic naxevartonebis faqiz niuansebzea agebuli. mkveTri
Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT avtori aZlierebs mxatvruli saxeebis
emociur metyvelebas, dinamikur moculobiT formebs ostaturad
upirispirebs neitralur fons da aRwevs suraTis calkeuli nawilebis
ritmul Tu tonalur erTianobas; yovelive zemoxsenebulTan erTad mis
ferwerul tiloebSi iqmneba garemo, sadac sivrce erTgvar plastikur
xatad gardaiqmneba, igi namuSevris siRrmis, mxatvruli Rirsebis
ganmsazRvrelia da gamosaxvis mniSvnelovan esTetikur obieqts
warmoadgens. v. beselias Semoqmedeba gamsWvalulia sulismieri
sawyisebis aSkara primatiT, romelSic gansaxierebas poulobs mxatvris
zogadi humanisturi damokidebuleba rogorc adamianebis, ise sagnebisa
da movlenebis mimarT.
amrigad, ganxiluli mxatvrebis magaliTze, samocdaaTianelTa
ferweraSi araerTgvarovani suraTi ixateba _ ikveTeba ori ZiriTadi xazi
da tendencia, orive mimarTuleba safuZvels realisturi sawyisebidan
iRebs. pirveli xazi mowodebulia met-naklebi realisturobiT asaxos
materialuri samyaro, moaxdinos misi esTetizacia, miiswrafvis
sinamdvilisagan mowyvetis gareSe dainaxos masSi saxasiaTo,
ganumeorebeli. amgvari realizmi gulisxmobs arsebuli sinamdvilis
gadmocemas mkveTrad gamoxatuli transformirebisa da interpretirebis
gareSe. mxatvruli xerxebis artistuli flobis safuZvelze xelovanis
mizani Tvalxilulis esTetikuri gadmocema xdeba. swored am tendenciis
gamomxatvelia T. xuciSvilis ferwera. SesaZloa amave ZiriTad xazs
davukavSiroT am Taobis iseTi warmomadgeneli, rogoricaa v. beselia,
Tumca masTan movlenebis zedapiruli dafiqsirebis nacvlad subieqturi
interpretacia, grZnobadi da sulieri sawyisebis mkafio gamovlena Cans.
gamomdinareobs ra realisturi xedvis sawyisebidan, meore mxatvruli
tendencia mkafiod emijneba pirvels. igi axdens sinamdvilis
transformacias, mniSvnelovnad Sordeba realobas, qmnis sakuTar
xatovan samyaros, romelic mxatvris msoflaRqmiT prizmaSia
gardatexili. es Tvisebebi TvalnaTliv warmoaCens g. CageliSvilis
Semoqmedebas. e. onianTan gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis yvela komponenti
147
warmosaxuli, poeturi, sulismieri gancdebiT aRbeWdili “suraT-xatebis”
gamovlenas emsaxureba. misi SemoqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
romantikuli intonaciebi da poeturi asociaciebi mkveTrad emijneba
samyaros realistur xedvas. mxatvari qmnis erTgvar efemerul,
meditaciuri xasiaTis namuSevrebs, romelTa saxviTi ena upirveles
yovlisa ferwerisa da feris mxatvrul-emociuri SesaZleblobebis
maqsimalur gamovlenas efuZneba.
amrigad, 1970-ian wlebSi SemoqmedebiT asparezze gamosulma
axalgazrda xelovanebma mniSvnelovnad gaamdidres uaxlesi qarTuli
mxatvroba. erTi SexedviT, moRvaweobis sawyis etapze, mxatvrul enaSi maT
ar SemoutaniaT kardinaluri cvlilebebi, isini TiTqos inerciiT
agrZeleben svlas 1950-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi dawyebuli ukve
moniSnuli, aprobirebuli mimarTulebebiT. maTTvis kvlav aqtualuri
rCeba mxatvruli formisa da sivrcis plastikuri interpretaciis
problema, suraTis kompoziciuri struqturis, wminda ferweruli
sawyisebis gamovlenis amocana, magram TandaTan maT namuSevrebSi axali
niuansebic Cndeba, kerZod, ormocdaaTianelTa “mSfoTvare” paToss,
eqspresiulobas Tu dramatizms, samocianelTa monumentalizebul,
dekoratiul aspeqtSi gaazrebul qarTuli yofis scenebs maTTan
umeteswilad mSvidi, kameruli xasiaTis suraTebi cvlian, romlebSic
wina planze adamianis piradi samyaro inacvlebs da grZnobisa da azris
gamomJRavnebis siRrme, garkveuli simboluri Tu romantikuli
intonaciebi ikiTxeba.
samocdaaTianelTa moRvaweoba sakmaod specifikur istoriul fonze
viTardeboda. “uZraobis” epoqis rRvevis niSnebi “gardaqmnis” periodis
axali realiebis moaxloebas moaswavebda. swored am dros, 1970-80-iani
wlebis mijnaze, roca maTi Semoqmedeba mowiful fazaSi Sedis, am
mxatvarTa namuSevrebSi naTlad vlindeba maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli iseTi
niSan-Tvisebebi, rogoricaa dakarguli sulierebis Zieba da sagnobrivi
samyaros erTgvari “gasuliereba”, Taviseburi mistikuri gancdis Semotana
Tu intimuri sawyisebis gaZliereba, sul ufro intensiurad ikveTeba
xatovani ganzogadebis, formaTa abstrahirebis tendencia, Cndeba
abstraqtuli kompoziciebi, bibliuri siuJetebi da a.S. niSandoblivia,
148
rom yovelive es faqtiurad niadags umzadebs Semdgomi Taobis _
oTxmocianelebis (i. farjiani, g. buRaZe, l. WoRoSvili da sxv.) mier
wamoWril siaxleebs, romelTa mosvliT qarTul xelovnebaSi
Tvisobrivad axali etapi iwyeba _ xdeba post-modernistuli tendenciebis
win wamoweva, izrdeba interesi Tematuri suraTis mimarT, aqtualuri
xdeba religiuri da miTologiuri motivebi, gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva saxis
groteskuli xerxebi, alegoriebi, simboloebi da sxv. TaobaTa es
urTierTmimarTeba TvalnaTliv adasturebs qarTuli mxatvrobis
memkvidreobiTobis sakiTxs da Sesabamisad gansazRvravs
samocdaaTianelTa adgils XX saukunis qarTuli xelovnebis
ganviTarebis mTlian suraTSi.
samocdaaTianelebi ar warmoadgenen erTian, monoliTur jgufs, maT ar
gaaCniaT raime saerTo programa Tu mxatvruli amocana, magram udavoa,
rom am Taobis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi mkafio individualobiT
gamoirCevian. maTi moRvaweobis kvleva cxadyofs, rom am mxatvrebma
tradiciisa da novaciis urTierTmimarTebis saintereso gza ganvles;
TiToeuli maTganis msoflaRqma, mxatvruli stili, daxvewili
gemovnebisa da inteleqtis sinTezs efuZneba.
amdenad, istoriul da mxatvrul aspeqtebTan mimarTebaSi
samocdaaTianelTa Taobis saukeTeso warmomadgenelTa moRvaweoba
SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc Taviseburi gardamavali periodi
erovnuli mxatvruli cnobierebis Semdgomi ganaxlebisa Tu misi sulier-
Sinaarsobrivi gaazrebis gzaze. cxadia, igi warmoadgens erTgvar
damakavSirebel rgols rogorc wina, ise momdevno etapebTan da
mxatvrul-istoriuli TvalsazrisiT sakuTari TviTmyofadi saxe gaaCnia.
149
gamoyenebuli literaturis bibliografia
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tendenciebi (1914 – 1921 ww.),” Jurnali “sabWoTa
xelovneba” #3, Tbilisi.
2. abesaZe ... 2005: abesaZe irine, bagratiSvili qeTevan, “Salva qiqoZe –
kulturuli memkvidreoba”, gamomcemloba “nekeri”,
Tbilisi.
3. andriaZe 1992: andriaZe daviT, “sikvdilsa da axal dabadebas Soris
anu reqviemi irakli farjianisa”, Jurnali “xelovneba”
#5-6, Tbilisi.
4. andriaZe 2003: andriaZe daviT, “esma onianis molandeba cisfer
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