Upload
jongin-kim
View
235
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 1/20
1
The Smart Grid --
The Big Picture
Alison Silverstein
MWDRI
September 5, 2008
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 2/20
2
Over view
What you¶ve already been told about the
smart grid (some specifics and lots of hand-
waving)
What we¶ll talk about today± The smart grid and the electricity food chain
± Technology to make demand response work and
connect to the smart grid behind the meter
± Show you stuff that works
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 3/20
3
What you¶ve already been told
about the smart grid: It¶s all about smart meters and AMI
If you get smart meters and AMI, demand
response happens Customers respond to price signals
But wait, there¶s more! Disclosure -- I lifted several slides and graphics from
presenters you¶ve already heard from«.
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 4/20
4
Smart Grid version 1 -- thecharacteristics
Source -- Dan Delurey
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 5/20
5
Smart Grid version 2 -- the pieces
Source -- Dan Delurey
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 6/20
6
Smart Grid version 3 -- fancygraphics
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 7/20
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 8/20
8
What¶s my version?
The electricity system isn¶t just aboutelectricity
Three flows across three integrated networks:
Electricity Information
Money
The smart grid is a way to better facilitate and
manage all those flows and transactions intoa cooperative, collaborative, transactive,reliable system
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 9/20
9
Let¶s get more specific
Smart grid = an electric system that leveragestechnology and physical assets with:
Advanced hardware (power electronics, moreefficient generation, meters, appliances and end-usedevices, communications networks)
Advanced software (better modeling and dataanalysis, linkage between applications, comm¶ns)
Advanced materials (cables, silicon,superconductors, semiconductors)
To produce better grid efficiency and reliability using
interoperability and distributed, interactive intelligenceembedded across the network and its actors.
Smart grid will encompass and enable efficiency,demand response, renewables, distributedgeneration, PHEVs«.
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 10/20
10
What else?
Add in: Information
± The value of electricity across time and place
± The condition of the grid
± The condition of the various elements of the grid± Presented to entities (people, institutions, devices)
that can use it, in ways that they can understandand act on
Customers± They consume, consider, respond, interact
± They respond for reasons that may have nothingto do with what utilities or regulators value
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 11/20
11
Smart grid from the utility engineer¶sperspective
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 12/20
12
The electricity food chain and thesmart grid
Everything above the meter should be integrated into
the smart grid too, with± Distributed intelligence
± Communications
± Analytics
± Automated controls and sensors
So all the pieces of the grid -- including customers¶decisions become complementary parts of a greater system
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 13/20
13
Some of the other technologies Generation
± All sizes (central-station to micro)
± All fuels and technologies (fossil, nuclear,renewables, intermittents and dispatchable)
± Sensors and monitoring devices± Dispatch system and automated controls
Storage± All sizes (pumped storage and solar thermal to ice
blocks, flywheels and power electronics)± All locations (stand-alone like generators, at
substations, co-located with intermittents, and atcustomer premises)
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 14/20
14
More technologies
Transmission and distribution± Automation to get better understanding of what¶s
happening on the grid and improve operation of allthose elements in real time
± A mix of old and new technologies (conductors,
microprocessors, power electronics, poles andtowers, storage and distributed generation,transformers, microgrids to EHV (extra-highvoltage), AC and DC)
± Better information, with more granularity of detail(up to 30 samples/second, time-synched,measuring specific conditions across the grid andwith respect to each operating element)
± Better controls (relays, breakers, reclosers,transformers, power electronics, etc.)
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 15/20
15
Communications and IT Communications networks
± Multiple technologies and scale (radio, powerline,wireless, internet, phone, internal and public«.)
± Standard commns protocols and systems
Monitoring and feedback systems
± Widely distributed monitoring (SCADA,synchrophasors, meters, relays, «)
± Merged and interpreted by sophisticated analytics
Control systems± Distributed across and controlling all key parts of the
electricity value chain
Information± Real-time, time-synched, high-sampling rates
± About all the things that matter (current, voltage, frequency,price, emissions), delivered to the actors who care about it
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 16/20
16
R eminder #1 -- Information andrates
Customers only react to what they understand
± Information has to have meaning and relevance tothe customer (prices, times, consequences,relationship)
± Information has to be clear and usable Customers only respond if they care about the stakes
± What¶s the cost
± What happens if I do or don¶t respond
SO DON¶T SPEND A FORTUNE ON AMI ANDTHEN SET UP DUMB RATE DESIGNS ANDBLAME DR WHEN CUSTOMERS DON¶T
RESPOND
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 17/20
17
R eminder #2 -- Automation
Customers respond best if they havethe capability to respond easily
± Automation is the enabling technology tomaking the customer, on-premise side of the smart grid work
± But not everything has to be automated� Turn stuff that matters on and off
� Not all the automation has to be inside the
device (i.e., you don¶t need a smart appliance if you have a smart controller that can reach thedevice)
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 18/20
18
Closing nag #1 -- Optimality
Most smart grid descriptions talk aboutoptimizing stuff ± Minimal cost
± Optimized for this or that
± But optimization can only happen in a command-and-
control network
But the essence of the smart grid is thatmultiple actors make independent decisionswithin a network of interrelated devices
± Absent centralized analytics and command-and-control, we can¶t optimize, we can only make thevarious parts of the system work better internally, andthen work well together
± Lots of local optimization and cooperation will producea very good outcome even if it¶s not ³optimal´
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 19/20
19
We can¶t build the smart grid without interoperability-- cooperation and integration don¶t occur unless things work together effectively
Interoperability = The ability of two or morenetworks, systems, devices, applications or
components to exchange information betweenthem and to use the information so exchanged,in ways that don¶t inconvenience the user
Interoperability requires interconnectivity and interactionagreement between hardware and software to enable
effective communications, coordination and control. Interoperability is achieved when users¶ expectations to
exchange and use information among various devicesand software applications from multiple vendors or service providers are met or exceeded.
Closing nag #2 -- interoperability
8/7/2019 MWDRI - Silverstein
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mwdri-silverstein 20/20
20
So what¶s on our agenda today?
How does all this AMI and DR investmentactually work?
Smart grid technology on the customer¶s
premises Automation technology -- monitoring,
control and communications devices
In-home and commercial premises
Hardware and protocols (standards,rules and agreements)