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Must / have to / may / might / should / ought to / needn’t / will
You must take your medicine.
You have to / need to take your medicine.
You should take your medicine.
Must / should present or future Have to in all tenses
I had to study for the test yesterday. I will have to find a new house soon.
I don’t have / don’t need to get up early today.
I needn’t get up early today.
You mustn’t/ can’t/ may not smoke in the hospital.
Present can – can’t Past could- couldn’t
She can play the piano. He could write before he started school (Always) But They were able to find the street although they didn’t have a map. (One situation)
He will be able to help us tomorrow.
Getting the job requires being able to speak Chinese.
You should be able to buy a car soon.
It may / might / can / could rain later.
May / Can / Might / Could I go out ?
Can / Could / Will / Would you help me with the bags, please?
It must be abandoned.
It can’t / couldn’t be inhabited.
Shall /May I help you?
The concert should / ought to / will start soon.
Modal + have + past participle
He can’t have studied.
Peter hasn’t arrived yet. He may / might / could have missed the bus.
I could have done some exercise.
I should have tried harder.
I shouldn’t have eaten that much.
I would have bought the shoes, but I didn’t have enough money.
Everything went fine. I needn’t have worried so much.
We needn’t have gone.
(but we went)
We didn’t have to go.
We didn’t need to go.
(so we didn’t go)
