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Music Video and Editing
Editing Is?...
• Shot 1 + Shot 2= Emotion, Meaning, Advancement in story.
• A language
• Two types:
– Continuity (Classic Hollywood Style)
– Complexity (to show intensity, analyze, etc.)
Industry
Director / Producer choose or contract Offline edit / rough cut “Picture is locked”: label, artist, director Edit Decision List (EDL) Online edit
Vernallis
• Editing “colors” the audience's understanding
• MV editing= balance of story, performance, song
• Momentum
• Editing AS image or part of the image
• Continuity, a “clear path” in story
• MV as complexity editing
• Editing has equal visual role
“Janie's Got a Gun”
• Aerosmith, 1989
• Dir. David Fincher
• Narrative and Continuity
• Groundbreaking for use of dramatized violence, which would become popular in MV after
Vernallis
• MV as disjunctive, discontinuous, gap
• Avoid match on action...on purpose
• Jump cutting and other visually powerful edits
• Disobey compositional rules and frame space
• Interpretative work on audience's behalf
“The Beautiful People”
• Marilyn Manson, 1996
• Dir. Floria Sigismondi
• Fragmented shots and fast cutting
• Force/allow the audience to do interpretive “work” through montage
• Manson reveals a process
“The Unforgiven”
• Metallica, 1991
• Dir. Matt Mahurin
• Connection between performance and narrative, musician and actor
• Uses shots and elements of continuity in disjunctive editing (spatiotemporality.)
Graphic Match
• Graphic match or “match cutting” appears
– Shape or color, sometimes movement
• Visual Rhyme
• 2001
“Come as You Are”
• 1992, Dir. Kevin Kerslake
• “Visual rhymes,” what we know as graphic match
• Brings together disparate images to convey a deeper meaning through the match cut
Montage
• Meaning from juxtaposition
• Song glues these images
• Audience's structure of meaning
• Eisensteinian montage
MontageA + B=C (dialectical)
• Incomplete meanings, requires interpretation
• Graphic Editing: cutting to graphics elements
• Metric/Rhythmic: Cutting to beat, cutting shots the same length, etc. Maintain energy.
• Analytical:
– Sectional: freezes time and explores that moment from multiple perspectives; event progression comes through intensity
– Sequential: imply a series of events in process
Idea Associative Montage
Shot A + Shot B=New meaning C
• Comparison Montage:
– Emphasize similar qualities between images, imbue characteristics upon each image. Reinforce an idea
• Collision Montage
– Different images/different qualities= new way of thinking. Contrast/Opposites
– Cause and Effect
Space / Surroundings
• Disjunction in video resembles how we hear
• MV mimics sonic experience, not normal visual experience
• Song comes from props or objects
• Visual dancing
• Camera hears, follow, and gives a sense of consciousness
Transitions
• Dissolve
• Cut in/Cut away
– shift from a distant framing to a closer view of some portion of the same space (FOV)Wipe
• Fast/Slow Cutting
• Wipe
• Iris
• Fade to/from black
• Superimposition
Continuity
• Smooth flow of shots w/out interruptions to tell a story.
• No jumps in time or space
• Maintains continuity of from shot to shot:
– Place, space, time, subject
– Movement, vectors, story events
– Characters
• Maintains narrative logic
Continuity Characteristics
• 180 Degree System/ZX axis
• Golden Section/Rule of 1/3s
• Establishing Shot/Breakdown/Reastablishing shot
• Converging, Diverging, Continuing Vectors
• Reaction shots
• Enter/Leave the Frame
Types
• Shot/Reverse Shot
– conversations...look/looking back
• Eye-Line Match
– Connection between looker and looked
• Match Action
– Action spans from shot 1 to shot 2
• Graphic Match
– Match Cut /Last scene of Requiem for a Dream
Cont'd
• Ellipsis
– omit parts of an event, causing an ellipses in plot and story duration
• Parallel Editing/Cross Cutting
– 2 different yet related actions linked through editing
– Stresses similarities
• Shaft
• Superfly
• Guinness
• Adaptation, 3:12
• Complexity vs. Continuity
Others...
• Literal editing:
– Cutting to image, sound, word that literally describes that word or image.
• Non-literal editing:
– Matching an image to word that creates a symbol, metaphor or intellectual response. Poetic, etc.
• Requiem: The Anatomy of a Scene
• Heavy Metal Parking Lot: