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Industrial Revolution◦ New means of production led to increases in
material goods & wealth◦ Urban society became central to life in Europe &
the Americas Philosophy of Enlightenment
◦ Emphasis on Natural Rights of people Republican Government
◦ Individual rights & roles◦ Social contract between people & government
Social Role of Music◦ More production of
goods◦ Available to a broader
class of society◦ “innocent luxury”◦ European Composers
reacted to increase in demand for music
Nature in the Arts◦ “unnatural” and
“artificial” ideas of the baroque were replaced with “natural” ideals of simplicity & balance
◦ Subjects in art & literature usually were “real” instead of fantasical characters or ideas
◦ In music, simplicity, balance, and real emotions were critical
Simpler textures:◦ Homophonic- usually only melody &
accompaniment Simpler melodies:
◦ Even phrases, symmetric “question & answer” structure
◦ Many composers were inspired by folk melodies Piano
◦ Most important solo instrument Simple forms:
◦ 2 & 3 part forms Sonata Allegro Form