Musculoskeletal Flash CardsUpper Limb

Prepared by: Feng-Yen LiSupervised by: Kim Topp

IntroductionUseful tips for usage:1. These flashcards are meant to help you learn the movements

of the muscles. They are most useful when you see how the movements makes sense in relation to the origin and insertion points.

2. For exam purposes, you only need to know (memorize) the action, innervation, and arterial supply of each muscle. But Italicized = do not need to know for exam.

3. The purple slides are summary slides (if applicable) of subsequent muscles. Use these to learn the common properties of groups of muscles.

4. Information about each muscle is also listed in the notes section under each picture slide.

5. The titles in table of contents are hyperlinked its slide, but you need to go into presentation mode to use the hyperlinks.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to: Kim Topp for reviewing all the slides for validity. Daniel Orjuela and Paul Teresi for taking the

cadaver pictures. UCSF 2006 Curriculum Ambassador Program

for funding this project. UCSF 2006 Curriculum Ambassadors and

Mentors for offering useful suggestions. Members of the UCSF Class of 2009 for inspiring

and supporting me to do this project.

Useful Websites

Here are other useful sites to learn the muscles:

http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas/ (shows each muscle in isolation)

http://www.ithaca.edu/faculty/lahr/LE2000/LE_index.html

(has many nicely labeled cadaver pictures)

Table of Contents

Anterior ArmCoracobrachialisBiceps BrachiiBrachialis

Posterior ArmTriceps Brachii

Anterior ForearmSuperficial Muscles

Pronator TeresFlexor Carpi RadialisFlexor Carpi UlnarisFlexor Digitorum SuperficialisPalmaris Longis

Deep MusclesFlexor Digitorum ProfundusFlexor Pollicis LongusPronator Quadratus

Posterior Forearm Superficial Muscles

Extensor DigitorumExtensor Carpi UlnarisExtensor Carpi Radialis LongusExtensor Carpi Radialis BrevisBrachioradialis

Deep MusclesAbductor Pollicis LongusExtensor Pollicis LongusExtensor IndicisSupinator

The HandThenar EminenceHypothenar EminenceAdductor PollicisPalmar InterosseiDorsal Interossei

Anterior Arm• Action Flex the forearm at elbow joint (except

coracobrachialis)• Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve• Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial

artery

Coracobrachialis

Origin

Insertion

Coracobrachialis• Origin coracoid process • Insertion Humerus• Action flex and adduct arm • Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6

and C7) • Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial

artery

Biceps BrachiiOrigin

Insertion

Biceps Brachii• Origin

– Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula– Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

• Insertion Radius• Action Supinates + flexes (when supine) forearm • Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6 ) • Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial

artery

Brachialis

Origin

Insertion

Brachialis• Origin Humerus• Insertion Ulna• Action Major flexor of forearm • Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5

and C6) • Arterial Supply Muscular branches of

brachial artery, recurrent radial artery

Posterior Arm• Action Extend the forearm at elbow joint• Innervation Radial nerve• Arterial Supply Branches of deep brachial artery

Triceps Brachii

Origin

Insertion

Triceps Brachii• Origin

– Long head: scapula– Medial + Lateral heads: posterior surface of

humerus• Insertion Olecranon process of ulna • Action Chief extensor of forearm• Innervation Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8) • Arterial Supply Branches of deep brachial artery

Anterior Forearm• Action Pronate the forearm, flex the wrist, and flex

the digits• Innervation Median and ulnar nerves

Superficial Muscles

• Origin Medial epicondyle• Innervation Median nerves (except flexor carpi

ulnaris)• Artery Supply Ulna artery (except flexor carpi

radialis)

Pronator TeresOrigin

Insertion

Pronator Teres• Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus• Insertion Radius• Action Pronates and flexes forearm • Innervation Median nerve (C6 and C7) • Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin

Insertion

Flexor Carpi Radialis• Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus• Insertion 2nd metacarpal• Action Flexes the wrist• Innervation Median nerve (C6 and C7) • Arterial Supply Radial artery

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin

Insertion

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris• Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus• Insertion Pisiform bone, hamate bone, + 5th

metacarpal • Action Flexes the wrist• Innervation Ulnar nerve (C6 and C7) • Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin

Insertion

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis• Origin Medial epicondyle, radius, ulna• Insertion middle phalanges of digits 2 – 5• Action Flexes digits 2-5 (not at distal

interphalangeal joint)• Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) • Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

Palmaris Longus

Origin

Insertion

Palmaris Longus• Origin Medial epicondyle, radius, ulna• Insertion Distal half of flexor retinaculum and

palmar aponeurosis • Action Flexes wrist• Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) • Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

Deep Muscles

• Origin Radius and Ulna• Innervation Mostly median nerve (C8 and T1) • Artery Supply Mostly anterior interosseous artery

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Origin

Insertion

Flexor Digitorum Profundus• Origin Ulna• Insertion distal phalanx of digits 2 - 5 • Action Flexes phalanges 2-5 at distal

interphalangeal joint• Innervation

– Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)– Lateral part: median nerve (C8 and T1)

• Arterial Supply Ulnar and anterior interosseous arteries

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Origin

Insertion

Flexor Pollicis Longus• Origin Radius• Insertion distal phalanx of thumb • Action Flexes thumb• Innervation Median nerve (C8 and T1) • Arterial Supply Anterior interosseous artery

Pronator Quadratus

OriginInsertion

Pronator Quadratus• Origin Ulna• Insertion Radius • Action Pronates forearm• Innervation Median nerve (C8 and T1) • Arterial Supply Anterior interosseous

artery

Posterior Forearm• Action Supinate the forearm, extend the wrist, and

extend the digits • Innervation Radial nerve

Superficial Muscles

• Origin Lateral epicondyle or humerus• Innervation Mostly radial nerve • Artery Supply Mostly Radial artery

Extensor Digitorum

Origin

Insertion

Extensor Digitorum• Origin Lateral epicondyle• Insertion Extensor expansions of digits 2-5 • Action Extends metacarpophalangeal joints +

wrist joint • Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7

and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve • Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous arteries

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin

Insertion

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris• Origin Lateral epicondyle• Insertion 5th metacarpal • Action Extends and adducts wrist joint • Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and

C8); deep branch of the radial nerve • Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin

Insertion

• Origin Humerus• Insertion 2nd metacarpal • Action Extends hand at wrist joint • Innervation Radial nerve (C6 and C7) • Arterial Supply Radial artery

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin

Insertion

• Origin Lateral epicondyle• Insertion 3rd metacarpal • Action Extends hand at wrist joint • Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve

(C7 and C8) • Arterial Supply Radial artery

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Brachioradialis

Origin

Insertion

Brachioradialis• Origin Humerus• Insertion Radius • Action Flexes forearm • Innervation Radial nerve (C5, C6 and C7) • Arterial Supply Radial recurrent artery

Deep Muscles

• Origin Ulna and interosseous membrane between radius and ulna

• Innervation Mostly deep branch of radial nerve • Artery Supply (posterior) interosseous artery

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin

Insertion

Abductor Pollicis Longus

• Origin Ulna• Insertion 1st metacarpal • Action Abducts thumb • Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7

and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve • Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin

Insertion

Extensor Pollicis Longus• Origin Ulna• Insertion Distal phalanx of thumb • Action Extends thumb • Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7

and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve • Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

Extensor Indicis

OriginInsertion

Extensor Indicis• Origin Ulna• Insertion 2nd digit • Action Extends 2nd digit • Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7

and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve • Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

Supinator

Origin

Insertion

Supinator• Origin Lateral epicondyle, ulna• Insertion Radius• Action Supinates forearm• Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve

(C5, C6) • Arterial Supply Recurrent interosseous

artery

The Hand• Innervation Mostly ulnar nerve (except thenar

eminence)• Palmar Aponeurosis• Carpal Tunnel (Median nerve, Flexor digitorum

superficialis, Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus; transverse carpal ligament)

• Osseofibrous tunnels • Extensor expansion

Thenar Eminence

Thenar Eminence• Muscles Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis

brevis, opponens pollicis• Action Abduct, flex, and oppose the thumb • Innervation Recurrent branches of median nerve

Hypothenar Eminence

Hypothenar Eminence• Muscles Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi

brevis, opponens digiti minimi• Action Abduct, flex, and oppose the little finger • Innervation Ulnar nerve

Adductor Pollicis

OriginInsertion

Adductor Pollicis• Origin 3rd metacarpal• Insertion Proximal phalanx of thumb • Action Adducts thumb• Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8

and T1) • Arterial Supply Deep palmar arterial arch

Palmar Interossei

Origin

Insertion

Palmar Interossei• Origin Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th

metacarpals• Insertion Proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4

and 5 • Action Adduct digits toward axial line along

3rd digit• Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8

and T1) • Arterial Supply Palmar metacarpal arteries

Dorsal Interossei

Origin

Insertion

Dorsal Interossei• Origin Adjacent sides of two metacarpals • Insertion Proximal phalanges of digits 2, 3 and 4 • Action Abduct digits away from axial line along

3rd digit• Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and

T1) • Arterial Supply Dorsal and palmar metacarpal

arteries