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MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM. RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. KNOW THE DEFINITION OF A RESPONSE & ADAPTATION UNDERSTAND HOW EXERCISE AFFECTS THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS OF THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM
RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVESKNOW THE DEFINITION OF A RESPONSE &
ADAPTATIONUNDERSTAND HOW EXERCISE AFFECTS
THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEMBE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE RESPONSES &
ADAPTATIONS OF THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM
The Anatomy (Structure) Of The Skeleton
The skeleton can be split into 2 sectionsSection 1
The Axial Skeleton
Section 2
The Appendicular Skeleton
Functions of the skeleton1. SHAPE2. SUPPORT3. MOVEMENT4. PROTECTION5. BLOOD PRODUCTION
Joint Mobility
Is dependent upon;
• the structure of the jointand
• the elasticity of the muscles
Joint Mobility, - types of joint
There are 3 types of joint
Fibrous JointsAllow no movementBones are joined by strong fibrous sutrase.g. the bones that make up the cranium
Cartilaginous Joints.Allow a small amount of movement.Bones are joined by a pad of cartilage that will absorb shock.e.g. the bones within the vertebral column
Synovial JointsAllow an extensive range of movementDifferent designs allow different types of movemente.g. the elbow
JOINTSHOW MANY DIFFERENT SYNOVIAL JOINTS CAN
YOU NAME?CAN YOU GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH?
ANSWER:BALL & SOCKET – SHOULDER / HIPHINGE – ELBOW / KNEE / ANKLECONDYLOID – WRISTGLIDING – CARPALSPIVOT – ATLAS & AXIS (NECK)SADDLE - THUMB
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
STRUCTURE OF MUSCLES
Muscle Fibre Types
Contract slowly Contract quicker Contract quickest
Are moderately powerful
Are quite powerful Are very powerful
Are small Are bigger Are the biggest
Have lots of mitochondria
Have fewer mitochondria
Have very few mitochondria
High myoglobin content
Moderate myoglobin content
Low myoglobin content
Resistant to fatigue Moderately resistent to fatigue
Easily fatigued
High capillary density High capillary density Low capillary density
High aerobic capacity / low anaerobic capacity
Relatively high aerobic & anaerobic capacity.
Low aerobic capacity / high anaerobic capacity
Low muscle energy stores e.g. ATP, PC & muscle glycogen.
higher muscle energy stores e.g. ATP, PC & muscle glycogen.
The highest muscle energy stores e.g. ATP, PC & muscle glycogen.
Slow Twitch Fast Twitch IIa Fast Twitch IIb
Responses (fibre recruitment, force production and metabolism)
What is a response?Ans; Short term temporary change.
Responses occur to facilitate an ease of function.i.e. exercise generates heat, heat encourages
increased synovial fluid = increased ROM
3 fibre typesIntensity level determines the fibre recruitment
type.
Effects of Exercise – Responses and adaptations of the body systems
Muscular-skeletal system
RESPONSES1. RANGE OF MOTION – HEAT 2. FLEXIBILITY – MUSCLE TEMPERATURE3. RECRUITMENT4. FORCE PRODUCTION5. METABOLISM
Adaptations (Increased fibre size, increased force production, increased metabolic energy supply.)
What is an adaptation?Ans; A long term, permanent change to the environment.Adaptations are dependent upon the
environment and so they will differ dependent upon the environment, i.e. anaerobic training will produce different adaptations to aerobic training.
Characteristics of the fibre types will be enhanced with appropriate training.
Effects of Exercise – Responses and adaptations of the body systems
Muscular-skeletal system
ADAPTATIONS1. BONE DENSITY – WEIGHT BEARING
EXERCISE2. SPECIFIC FIBRE ADAPTATIONS3. PAGE 52 – TABLE 3.1
HOMEWORKCREATE A TABLE TO LIST THE RESPONSES
AND ADAPTATIONS OF THE BODY SYSTEMS
FILL IT IN FOR THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM
MUSCULO-SKELETAL
NEURO-MUSCULAR
RESPIRATORY
CIRCULATORY
RESPONSES
ADAPTATIONS