Muscles of the Head and Neck (Clear)

7/28/2019 Muscles of the Head and Neck (Clear)

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Muscles of the scalpOccipito-frontalis

Origin: occipital belly from the highest nuchal line.Frontal belly from the skin and superficial fascia ofthe eyebrows.

Insertion: both bellies are inserted into theepicranial aponeurosis.

Nerve supply: occipital belly from posterior

auricular branch of facial nerve and frontal bellyfrom temporal branch of facial nerve.

Action: moves the superficial 3 layers together,and raises the eyebrows


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Muscles of facial expression

Present in the superficial fascia of the face.

Inserted into the skin of the face.

Related to the three main orifices of the face

(either sphincters or dilator). Most important three are:

1. Orbicularis oculi.

2. Orbicularis oris.

3. Buccinator.


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Orbicularis oculi

Has three parts: Orbital part, palpebral part and

lacrimal part. Origin: Medial palpebral ligament and adjoining

bones. Insersion:

orbital part makes a loop and returns to origin. Palpebral part: lateral papebral raphe. Lacrimal part: lacrimal sac. Nerve supply: facial nerve. Action: orbital part: forced closure of the eyelids (protection). Palpebral part: light closure of eyelids (blinking). Lacrimal part: dilates the lacrimal sac (to drain tears).


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Orbicularis oris

Encircles the oral orifice within thelips.

Origin: Maxilla, mandible and skin. Insersion: encircles the oral orifice Nerve supply: buccal and mandibular

branches of facial nerve. Action: Compresses the lips together

(kissing, blowing and etc .)


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Buccinator

Origin: outer surface of the alveolar margins of maxilla

and mandible opposite the molar teeth andpterygomandibular raphe.

Insersion:

Upper fibers enter the upper lip to be attached to fibers

of opposite side. Lower fibers enter the lower lip to be attached to fibers

of opposite side.

Middle fibers decussate at the angle of the mouth andform the orbicularis oris muscle.

Nerve supply: buccal branch of facial nerve.

Action: Compresses the cheeks lips against the teeth.

This muscle is pierced by the duct of the parotid salivarygland.


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Muscles of mastication

1. Temporalis.

2. Masseter.

3. Lateral pterygoid.

4. Medial pterygoid.


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Masseter

Origin: Lower border and innersurface of the zygomatic arch.

Insertion:Lateral aspect of theramus of the mandible.

Nerve supply:anterior division of

the mandibular nerve. Action: Elevation and protraction

of the mandible.


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Lateral pterygoid

Origin: Upper head: from the infratemporalsurface of the greater wing of sphenoid bone.Lower head: from the lateral surface of thelateral pterygoid plate.

Insertion: anterior aspect of the neck of themandible and the articular disc of thetemporo-mandibular joint.

Nerve supply: anterior division of the

mandibular nerve. Action: pulls the head of mandible forward

during opening of the mouth (helps indepression of mandible), protracts the

mandible and side to side moves it (chewing).


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Medial pterygoid

Origin: Superficial head: from themaxillary tuberosity. Deep head: from themedial surface of the lateral pterygoidplate.

Insertion:medial surface of the angle ofthe mandible.

Nerve supply: Main trunk of the

mandibular nerve. Action: helps in elevation of mandible,

protraction of the mandible and side to

side movement (chewing).


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Platysma muscle

Origin: deep fascia of the upperpart of thorax (covering pectoralismajor and deltoid).

Insertion: lower border of themandible.

Nerve supply: Cervical branch offacial nerve.

Action: Depression of the mandible.


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Splenius capitis muscle

Origin:1. Lower part of ligamentum nuchae.2.Upper four thoracic spines. Insertion:mastoid process and

outer part of superior nuchal line.

Nerve supply:segmentalinnervation from the dorsal rami ofspinal nerves

Action: Extension of the neck.


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Levator scapulae muscle

Origin: Transverse processesof upper four cervicalvertebrae.

Insertion:Upper part ofmedial border of scapula.

Nerve supply: C3,4 anddorsal scapular nerve (C5).

Action: Elevation of scapula


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Scalenus medius muscle

Origin: Transverse processes oflower six cervical vertebrae (2-7). Insertion: Upper surface of the

first rib. Nerve supply:Segmental from

the ventral rami of cervicalnerves.

Action: Elevation of first rib and

lateral flexion the neck.


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Scalenus anterior muscle

Origin: Transverse processes oftypical cervical vertebrae (3-6).

Insertion:Scalene tubercle ofthe first rib.

Nerve supply: Segmental from

the ventral rami of 4th

, 5th

and6th cervical nerves. Action: Elevation of first rib and

lateral flexion the neck.


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Omohyoid muscle

Origin:1. Superior belly from the inferior borderof body of hyoid bone.

2. Inferior belly from upper border ofscapula and suprascapular ligament. Insertion: to the intermediate tendon

which is held in position by fibrous loopto the clavicle. Nerve supply:Ansa cervicalis (C1,2,3)

Action: Depression of hyoid bone.


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Digastric muscle

Origin:1. Posterior belly from the medial surface of mastoidprocess (mastoid notch).

2. Anterior belly from lower border of the body of

the mandible (digastric fossa). Insertion: to the intermediate tendon which is

held in position by fibrous loop to the hyoid bone,this tendon pierces the stylohyoid muscle.

Nerve supply: posterior belly from facial nerve(with stylohyoid), anterior belly from nerve tomylohyoid from mandibular (with mylohyoid)

Action:Depression of mandible and elevation of

the hyoid bone.


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Mylohyoid muscle

Origin:Mylohyoid line of the inner surface ofthe mandible. Insertion: Upper surface of the body of the

hyoid bone and in the mylohyoid raphe.

Nerve supply: Nerve to mylohyoid frominferior alveolar nerve from posterior divisionof mandibular nerve.

Action: the two muscles

1. Support tongue and floor of the mouth.2. Elevate the floor of the mouth and hyoid bone

in first stage of swallowing.

3. Depress the mandible and open the mouth.


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Stylohyoid muscle

Origin: Styloid process. Insertion:at junction between body

and greater horn of hyoid bone, it ispierced by the intermediate tendon ofdigastric muscle.

Nerve supply:Facial nerve. Action:Elevation of the hyoid bone.


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St h id l


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Sternohyoid muscle

Origin: Posterior surface of upperpart of manubrium sterni and backof medial part of the clavicle.

Insertion: lower border of the bodyof hyoid bone.

Nerve supply:Ansa cervicalis. Action: Depression of the hyoid

bone.


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St th id l


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Sternothyroid muscle

Origin: Posterior surface of upperpart of manubrium sterni and backof medial part of the clavicle.

Insertion: oblique line of lamina ofthyroid cartilage.

Nerve supply:Ansa cervicalis. Action: Depression of the larynx

and thyroid cartilage.

Th h id l


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Thyrohyoid muscle

Origin: oblique line of lamina of thyroidcartilage.

Insertion: lower border of the body of

hyoid bone. Nerve supply: First cervical nerve

through the hypoglossal nerve. Action: Depression of the hyoid bone

and elevation of thyroid cartilage and

larynx.

Di t i l


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Digastric muscle Origin:

1. Posterior belly from the medial surface of mastoidprocess (mastoid notch).

2. Anterior belly from lower border of the body of

the mandible (digastric fossa). Insertion: to the intermediate tendon which is

held in position by fibrous loop to the hyoid bone,this tendon pierces the stylohyoid muscle.

Nerve supply: posterior belly from facial nerve(with stylohyoid), anterior belly from nerve tomylohyoid from mandibular (with mylohyoid)

Action: Depression of mandible and elevation of

the hyoid bone.


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Stylohyoid muscle

Origin: Styloid process.

Insertion: at junction between bodyand greater horn of hyoid bone, it is

pierced by the intermediate tendon ofdigastric muscle.

Nerve supply: Facial nerve. Action: Elevation of the hyoid bone.


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Mylohyoid muscle

Origin: Mylohyoid line of the inner surface ofthe mandible. Insertion: Upper surface of the body of the

hyoid bone and in the mylohyoid raphe.

Nerve supply:Nerve to mylohyoid frominferior alveolar nerve from posterior divisionof mandibular nerve.

Action: the two muscles

1. Support tongue and floor of the mouth.2. Elevate the floor of the mouth and hyoid bone

in first stage of swallowing.

3. Depress the mandible and open the mouth.


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Geniohyoid muscle


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Geniohyoid muscle

Origin:the inferior mental spine (genialtubercle) behind the symphysis menti of themandible.

Insertion: the anterior surface of the body ofthe hyoid bone.

Nerve supply:from the first cervical nervethrough the hypoglossal nerve.

Action:

1. Elevation and protraction of the hyoid bone.

2. Depression of the mandible.


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Muscles of the Head and Neck (Clear)