Pearl River Community College

Muscle Anatomy and Physiology Lab

Jana CauseyChris Christen

Amanda Parker

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Part I: Identification of Muscles and their ActionsStudent Learning Goals

1. Identify various muscles in the human body using images and human muscle models.

2. Identify the action, origin and, insertion of each muscle identified.

3. Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of each muscle action.

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Review: Planes of the Body

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Terminology

• Origin – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and is static

• Insertion – point at which a muscle attaches to a bone and moves that bone upon contraction

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Terminology

• Prime mover (Agonist) – primary muscle completing the action

• Antagonist – relaxes to allow the agonist to contract; contraction results in an opposite movement

• Synergist(s) – hold the body in the correct position to complete the action

• Fixator/Stabilizer – special synergist that stabilizes the bone of the prime movers origin

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Corrugatorsupercilii Orbicularis oculiLevator labiisuperiorisZygomaticusminor and majorBuccinator

Orbicularis orisMentalisDepressorlabii inferiorisDepressor anguli oris

Frontal belly

Occipitalbelly

Temporalis

MasseterSternocleidomastoidTrapezius

Epicranius

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Transversus abdominis

Internal oblique

External oblique

Pectoralis major

Rectusabdominis

Serratus anterior

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Subclavius

Clavicle

SubscapularisPectoralis minor

Coracobrachialis

Serratus anterior

Humerus

Sternocleido-mastoid

Deltoid

Pectoralismajor Sternum

Biceps brachii

Trapezius

LevatorscapulaeSupraspinatusClavicle

Spine ofscapula InfraspinatusTeres minor

Humerus

Deltoid

Teres major

Latissimusdorsi

RhomboidminorRhomboidmajor

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Clavicle

Deltoid

Pectoralis major

Lateral headLong head

Medial head

Coracobrachialis

Triceps brachii:

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

(a) Anterior view

Supraspinatus*Spine of scapula

(b) Posterior view

Deltoid (cut)Greater tubercleof humerusInfraspinatus*

Teres minor*

Teres major

Triceps brachii:

Latissimus dorsi

HumerusOlecranon processof ulna

Lateral head Long head

Anconeus

* Rotator cuff muscles

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Flexor carpiulnaris

Extensor carpiulnaris

Extensor digitiminimi

Extensor indicis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor carpiradialis brevis

Extensor carpiradialis longus

Biceps brachii

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

Pronator quadratus

Flexor carpi radialisPalmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorumsuperficialis

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Psoas minor

Psoas majorIliopsoas Iliacus

Tensor fasciae lataePectineus

Sartorius

Quadriceps femoris• Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis

Adductor magnus

Adductor longusGracilis

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Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Adductor magnusGracilis

Long head

SemitendinosusSemimembranosus

Short headBicepsfemoris

Hamstrings

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GastrocnemiusSoleusFibularis longusExtensor digitorum longus

Tibialis anteriorExtensor hallucis longus

Fibularis brevisFlexor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum brevisExtensor hallucis brevis

Fibularis longusGastrocnemiusTibia

Tibialis anteriorExtensor digitorum longus

SoleusExtensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

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Part II: Incorporation of Exercise and Muscle ActionStudent Learning Goals

• Review various muscle groups on muscle models

• Identify prime movers (agonists), antagonistic muscles, synergistic muscles, and fixators/stabilizers of the muscles used in the assigned exercise

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Movements of the Abdominal Muscles:Sit-up

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Movements of the Back:Superman

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Movements of the Back:Reverse Butterfly

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Movements of the Chest:Butterfly

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Movements of the Chest and Arms:Downward Motion of a Push-up

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Movements of the Chest and Arms:Upward Motion of a Push-up

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Movements of the Arms: Bicep Curl

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Movements of the Arms: Lateral Shoulder Raise

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Movements of the Arms:Rotating Bicep Curl

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Movements of the Arms:Forearm Curl

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Movements of the Legs:Lateral Leg Raises

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Movements of the Legs:Forward Leg Raises

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Movements of the Legs:Backward Leg Raises

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Movements of the Legs:Lunges

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Movements of the Legs:Squats

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Movements of the Legs:Calf Raises

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Movements of the Legs:Flexing the Foot

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Assignment Options

1. Complete the assignment during lab using the handout provided– Addition of synergist/fixators to list

2. Assign different muscle groups to students and require students to choreograph muscle movements that use the muscle groups– Addition of light weights and/or bands

3. Online adaptations