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SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM
MUHAMMAD ARIFF BIN AZLAN
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
(INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
2018
SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM
MUHAMMAD ARIFF BIN AZLAN
Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing) With Honours
Faculty of Informatics and Computing
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
May 2018
i
DECLARATION
Hereby I Muhammad Ariff declared that the report titled Smart Irrigation System is
based on the result of my own research with information retrieved from various
sources to this confession. I also declared that my project may have some similarity
with other previous student’s but this project has been only produced by me myself in
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.
Signature :………………………………………….
Name : Muhammad Ariff Bin Azlan
Date : 19 May 2018
ii
CONFIRMATION
This project titled Smart Irrigation System was prepared and submitted by
Muhammad Ariff Bin Azlan with Matric Number of BTCL15041208 and has fulfil
the required specification in terms of scope, quality and presentation as partial
requirement for the Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing) With
Honours in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.
Signature : ………………………………................
Supervisor : Prof. Madya Dr. Mokhairi B. Makhtar
Date : 19 May 2018.
iii
DEDICATION
Firstly and foremost, praises to Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. Alhamdulillah,
for blessing me and giving me opportunity to complete my Final Year Project Smart Irrigation
System.
I would also take my opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Madya Dr.
Mokhairi Bin Makhtar for his good guidance and advices that has been given to me throughout
this entire flow of this Project. I am so grateful for him to be my supervisor.
I also want to give my thanks to all my family member as they have been supporting me from
the start of this project through various means.
I also like to thank my friend for giving me numerous ideas and for being supportive in this
Project.
Lastly I would like to thank the Faculty of Informatics and Computing for giving us student of
the faculty a chance in this Final Year Project. I would like to thank the lectures that has been
guiding us in form of studies that allow us to proceed if not smoothly has ease our path in the
Project.
iv
ABSTRACT
Irrigation is a system where the plant are being watered systematically and is often used
widely in agriculture purpose and there are some who use it for gardening. This Project
which is Smart Irrigation System firstly developed to ease the life of the farmer who in
addition can monitor the moisture of the water in the soil as to ensure the intake of water
needed for the plant be enough for their growth.
It has been observed that farmer sometimes fail to manage to consumption water of the
plant and always ends up overwater the plant. It is also being known that lot of farmer
don’t have the exact indicator to know the rate of consumption for each plant. Thus this
system will manage to help the farmer systematically monitor the consumption rate of
plant and additionally able to monitor the data sent by the sensor to help manage the
plant itself too.
It is the objective of this project to design new infrastructure of irrigation method,
developing the system for it and to test it in the environment needed for it to be used to
know if this project may help in the agriculture industry or it can also be a help in hobby
department.
It is also expected for this project to meet some obstacles such as the cost needed or
maybe the hardware may need to get power sources or the sensor may broke after certain
time of the usage. It result for this project is also expected for it to automatically irrigate
the plant without the farmer intervention except for tiny little detail. The farmer may
also can view if the plant has been irrigated and the farmers can be alerted if the water
needed for the irrigation got problem,
v
The technique that are being used in this project is primarily IoT as it can gather data
from the sensor equipped to it and scan send it to the user effectively. With this Smart
Irrigation project we can ensure the water that are being used to water the plant are
being used optimally and the water can also be conversed to its fullness.
vi
CONTENTS
PAGE
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Scopes
1.5 Limitation of Work 3
1.6 Expected Result
1.7 Conclusion 4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Reviewed Literature
2.2.2 Web based service to monitor automatic
irrigation system for the agriculture field using
sensors.
6
2.2.2 Automated Irrigation System 7
2.2.3 Prototype for Automatically Navigated
Water Irrigation System
8
2.3 Summary 9
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
vii
3.1 Introduction 10
3.2 Research Analysis and Paradigm 11
3.2.1 Feasibility Study
3.2.2 Data Collection and Gathering
3.2.3 Framework Design Phase
3.3 System Development Methodology 12
3.3.1 Planning Phase
3.3.2 Analysis Phase 13
3.3.3 Design Phase
3.3.4 Implementation Phase 14
3.3.5 Testing Phase
3.4 Hardware Used 15
3.5 Software Used
3.6 Project Design Scheme
3.6.1 Framework Design 16
3.6.2 Context Diagram 17
3.6.3 Data Flow Diagram 18
3.6.4 Entity Relationship Diagram 19
3.6.5 Prototype 20
3.7 Conclusion 21
CHAPTER IV IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT
4.1 Introduction 22
4.2 Project Testing 23
4.3 Project Implementation 24
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
4.1 Introduction 27
4.2 Future Suggestion
4.3 Conclusion 28
REFERENCES 29
viii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Literature Review of Web based service to monitor
automatic irrigation system for the agriculture field using
sensors
6
2.2 Literature Review of Automatic Irrigation System 7
2.3 Literature Review of Prototype for Automatically
Navigated Water Irrigation System
8
3.1 Table show the hardware used 15
3.4 Table show the software used 15
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
3.1 System Development Methodology 13
3.2 Framework Design of the project 15
3.3 Context Diagram 16
3.4 Data Flow Diagram 17
3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram 18
3.6 Protoype of Smart Irrigation System 19
4.1 Testing using Arduino Aplication 22
4.2 Testing sensor using Prototype model 22
4.3 Viewing the data using dashboard 23
4.4 Viewing list of data gathered by sensor 23
4.5 The code used to uploaded into NodeMCU and
View using serial monitor
24
4.6 Implementing Smart Irrigation System using hardware 25
1
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Background
Irrigation is a founded system to ensure the plant can get enough water provided by the
system for the growth of the plant itself.
This Project which is Smart Irrigation System firstly developed to ease the life of the
farmer who in addition can monitor the moisture of the water in the soil as to ensure the
intake of water needed for the plant be enough for their growth.
1.2 Problem Statement
The problem that are leading to development of this project can be summarized to two
problem where:
a) Farmers do not have any indicators to exactly know if the water given to the
plant is enough or excessive.
b) With manually controlled irrigation it does not being operated systematically
causing the water used is excessive to plant
2
1.3 Objectives
- To design a new infrastructure of irrigation method.
- To develop an irrigation system for the farmer to monitor their plant or field.
- To test the functionality of this project by implementing it in suitable condition.
1.4 Scope
The Scope of this project can be divided into :
1.4.1 User
o Farmers that can access the dashboard and view the data from the system
to ensure the plant consumption of water flow smoothly.
o Gardener that are planting a newly plant for hobby to monitor the water
consumption of their plant.
1.4.2 System
o Web-based System for user to view data from the dashboard.
o Database to analyse collected data and information into dashboard.
o Arduino for programming Arduino microcontroller
1.4.3 Hardware
o Arduino
o Breadboard
o Sensor
Soil moisture level
Soil moisture level
o Solenoid
o Jumper Wire
o Single Relay Module
3
1.5 Limitation of Work
- The cost for this project may exceed the budget causing the project
incomplete.
- The sensor may malfunction if used for a long period of time and may needed
to be changed.
- The power needed for Arduino may be limited as Arduino need to always be
in powered on state for it to active.
1.6 Expected Result
- The system will manage to autonomously irrigate the plant without human
interference.
- The System manage to monitor water moisture level in soil and send the
data to user.
- The sensor used can alert the system to irrigate the plant if the water level
monitored is below plant sustenance.
4
1.7 Conclusion
This project consist of six chapters. First chapter focuses on the background of the
project, the introduction and what is investigated to make this project to be developed.
Chapter 2 will be based on related study that be used to improve or correcting the
project. Chapter 3 will discussed about the methodology used in the project. As for
chapter 4 we will view on about the expected result and discus what way will be taken
to reach that result. In chapter 5 we will reviewed about the technique that has been
conducted and be used to develop the project. And at the last chapter the conclusion and
the final result will be included.
5
Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
Literature Review is a very important aspect in a research or project where the literature
reviewed can give the reader another view on how that system can be developed and be
constructed so that it can operate more smoothly and completely.
6
2.2 Reviewed Literature
2.2.1 Web Based Service to Monitor Automatic Irrigation System for the Agriculture
Field Using Sensors.
Table 2.1
In this paper is shown that the author is using web based system to monitor the data of
the irrigation system developed. Arduino with grove moisture sensor and water level
sensor are used to detect the moisture level of water in the pot of plant and to monitor
the water level in the to determine if the water has been used up or decrease and cannot
irrigate the plant anymore. They designed this to keep the system still works even when
there is no worker to irrigate the plant and to monitor water consumption of the plant.
With the help of the web based system the admin can monitor how much water is being
used for irrigating the plant that day. Zigbee protocol is used for the Arduino
microcontroller and the system to communicate with each other.
7
2.2.2 Automated Irrigation System
Table 2.2
8
2.2.3 Prototype for Automatically Navigated Water Irrigation System
Table 2.3
9
2.3 Conclusion
Based on the research paper reviewed earlier. There are protocol that can be used for
the system to be used for communicating with each other. This project must also take
account of how it can further be used to help the user in the usability and maintaining
it. As we know this project, Smart Irrigation System aims to irrigate the plant
automatically with the help of Arduino microcontroller, sensor and system to monitor
the information. This can be used to aid the development of this project to its completion
better.
10
Chapter 3
Methodology
3.1 Introduction
Project methodology play important role to ensure research can be accomplished. This
chapter will focus on how methodology affect the outcome of the project. This topic
research is made to understand how an Irrigation of the plant can be done efficiently
with the help of new technology of Internet of Thing (IoT). This chapter will also
explain deeply on how this system works and what type of hardware and software will
be used to help the progress of this research.
11
3.2 Analysis study and research justification
There are four stages involved in this research. These stages is related to each other and
its detail will be explained as followed.
3.2.1 Feasibility study.
In this phase an investigation is carried out to analyse the positive and
the negative of this project. There are a lot of information being identified for
this research such as Objective, scope and problem statement. A proposal then
was prepared and proposed to the supervisor in charge based on the
investigation. This resulted in project of Smart Irrigation System.
3.2.2 Data collection & Gathering.
For this phase, al data related to the research was collected through some
method of data collection technique that come from article, conference and
journal. The collected data then being review and the information is being
summarized to help in the research progress.
3.2.3 Framework Design Phase.
In this phase, Framework Design is essential for making the prototype.
Framework designed will describe about collection of the tools for helping
developing this system. But before this framework design is being designed we
must know about the methodology model that is being used in this project which
is Interactive and Incremental Life Cycle Model. This methods helps in
developing system through repeated cycle which is iteractive and incremental.
12
3.3 System Development Methodology
This incremental build model is a method of software development to describe the
system’s designed, implemented and being tested incrementally. We can see an example
of this cycle in Figure 3.
Figure 3.1 System Development Model
From this figure we can conclude that the development of project is based on this five
phase which is Planning Phase, Analysis Phase, Design Phase, Implementation Phase
and lastly the Maintenance Phase.
3.3.1 Planning Phase.
For the Planning phase, the developer need to create the suitable title for the project.
This project title is Smart Irrigation System. At this phase I need to plan how to
complete this project by considering the time of this project, investigating arisen
13
problem that need to be solved and consulting with the supervisor to propose idea for
the creation of this project. Then I need to write an abstract to describe roughly of this
project.
3.3.2 Analysis Phase
At this phase I tried to investigate clues or information that can be used to develop this
project on how to solve the problem for this project mainly. I also take account on how
will this project will cost me and how much time it will be for this project to be
completed.
I also do some research on the previous and latest journal to get any information
regarding this project to make sure I can make this project better.
3.3.3 Design Phase
At this phase I need to identify what kind of hardware that need to be considered to be
added into the design of this project. I also need to complete around half of my design
to properly identify of how the prototype of this project will look and to clearly
recognize any error that can be fixed at this stage. I also will be needed to create the
framework design, context diagram, data flow diagram and entity relationship diagram
based on the analysis constructed at analysis phase.
These diagram will act as guidance to the flow of the system and is crucial to the
project.
14
3.3.4 Implementation Phase
This phase is where the design will be implemented as a bse for coding process. The
coding will be divided to few parts of the requirement. In this Smart Irrigation System
project we will mainly use Arduino program to coding the ARDUINO UNO Board as
it is crucial to the project. The sensor used will also need to be calibrated and will be
incorporated into the ARDUINO Board.
3.3.5 Testing Phase.
When all the module has been implemented into single system. The testing then will
be carried out to identify any error that may occurred. This phase is crucial as we
would not want any error surfaced during the real deployment.
3.3.6 Deployment phase.
This is the phase where the built system will be deployed and incorporated by the
user. This also means that the deployed system will be subjected to incoming
maintenance for any problem that may occurred.
15
3.4 Hardware Used
This is the list of Hardware used in this project to ensure that this project can be carried
out.
Hardware Description
Laptop Model : ASUSX454LJ-XV045D
Processor : Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-5010U
CPU @ 2.10GHz
Ram : 8.00 GB
OS : Windows 10 Pro
ARDUINO ARDUINO UNO R3
Sensors Soil Moisture Sensor
Water Pump
Table 3.1 : System Hardware Requirements
3.5 Software Used
The software that is used in this project is as follows to ensure the flow of the project.
Software Description
Sumatra PDF To Read pdf file
Microsoft Office 2016 Report writing and slides presentation
Arduino 1.8.6 For coding the Arduino microcontroller
Vivaldi 1.10.867.42 (Stable channel) (64-
bit)
To act as internet medium for helping the
project development
Table 3.2 : System Software Requirements
16
3.6 Project Design Scheme
3.6.1 Framework Design
Figure 3.2 Framework Design of Smart Irrigation System
In this Framework Design we can see the connection between Arduino board to the
sensor and how the data will flow to the monitoring system. The Arduino are
connected to 4 devices where 2 of them are the sensor (Temperature Sensor and Soil
Moisture Sensor), 1 of them is Solenoid Valve and the other one is NodeMCU which
is being used to connect the Arduino to the network. The data retrieved by the
Arduino from the sensor will be transferred to via NodeMCU to the dashboard. User
and Admin then can view these report in the form of report.
17
3.6.2 Context Diagram
Figure 3.3 Context Diagram of Smart Irrigation System
This context diagram in the project showed that when the User request data for real
time data it will request the data from the Arduino. The Arduino then retrieve
temperature data and soil moisture data and send it to the user via the system.
18
3.6.3 Data Flow Diagram
Figure 3.4 Data Flow Diagram of Smart Irrigation System
This Data Flow Diagram showed that the system record the data from Temperature
Sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor. The recorded data then being kept into the data
storage. When the user want to view the data. The data will be sent to the system
where the system will generate the report. The Report then can be viewed by the User.
19
3.6.4 Entity Relationship Diagram
Figure 3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram of Smart Irrigation System
In this Entity Relationship Diagram we can see that we have two sensor which is
Temperature Sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor. This data retrieved by these sensor will
then be sent to the Arduino and further sent to the System for live view.
20
3.6.5 Prototype
Figure 3.6 Smart Irrigation System Prototype
In this Figure we can see the connection from the Arduino to the Sensor. The
Temperature Sensor and Soil Moisture is connected to the Arduino Pin and the
potentiometer is being used to calibrate it for the time being. We can see that when the
data gathered by the sensors will be gathered to Arduino. The gathered data then will
passed through connection devices to send it to the dashboard.
21
3.7 Conclusion
This chapter explain of what kind of methodology that has been used in this project
and explain clearly of the hardware and software that has been used in this project. In
this chapter too every phase clearly detailed of the project development and what is
expected in each phase.
22
Chapter 4
Implementation and Result
4.1 Introduction
This chapter will be discussing about the expected result and what has been achieved
during the project testing and implementation. This phase will show the end result of
the project and the implementation and testing phase will also be included.
23
4.2 Project Testing
Figure 4.1 : Arduino Application (IDE)
Figure 4.2 : Arduino Sensor Testing (Moisture Sensor)
24
4.3 Project Implementation
Figure 4.3 Smart Irrigation System display on webpage
This figure shows that user can view the data that are being collected by the
NodeMCU-esp12e microcontroller.
Figure 4.4 List of data collected from sensor
Figure 4.4 show list of data that has been gathered by the
sensor.
This allow the user to be aware and analyse the data for
future usage.
25
Figure 4.5 Implementation of code using Arduino Application (IDE)
This figure show the code and the serial monitor are used to check if there are any
problem such as the data not getting through or in case of malfunction of code.
26
Figure 4.6 Implementation of Smart Irrigation System through hardware.
This figure shown the connection of Soil Moisture Sensor, Relay Module and Water
Pump through NodeMCU. The data gathered by the sensor will be fed to NodeMCU
and be sent to webpage. The data then can determine if the water are not enough and
activating water pump to irrigate the plant.
27
Chapter 5
Conclusion
5.1 Introduction
Smart Irrigation System is a system designed for the user to automatically irrigate the
plant using IoT technique. This is thought to help ease the usage of water to the plant
and help in optimizing the water management for the plant. This project is done using
hardware such as water pump, NodeMCU and sensor which is specifically soil
moisture Sensor. This chapter will also discuss future suggestion of this project.
5.2 Future suggestion
For the future work of this project, there are a few suggestion that can be considered
in upgrading the system to be better and more efficient.
- We can add sensor that may be capable in monitoring the ph level of soil or
water level sensor to monitor the water inside the tank used in irrigating the
plant.
- It can be considered to improvise so that this system can be used to manage
more plant and not limited to only one plant.
- The system could be more efficient in alerting the user if there are a type of
notification that could be implemented in the system such as SMS.
28
5.3 Conclusion
Smart Irrigation System is a system that are designed to help farmer to irrigate the
plant without any human interference and it could be a big help to the farmer as this
coul be one of the indicator in ensuring the water that is needed for the plant does not
be excessive. This system will also managed to monitor the water consumption of the
plant day by day and this data could be a big help in preserving the water being used
to plant and can be used for other purpose. Last but not least, hopefully this system
managed to be used for other purpose and be of help to others.
29
References
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6838569/
http://www.instructables.com/id/Smart-Irrigation-System/
www.iosrjournals.org
http://www.instructables.com/id/SMART-IRRIGATION-SYSTEM-Using-IoT/
http://www.instructables.com/id/Smart-Irrigation-System/
http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/486494.html
https://skrisshphoolbari.wordpress.com/2016/01/15/drip-irrigation-system/
http://www.electronicdesign.com/analog/3-ways-iot-revolutionizes-farming
http://www.softwebiot.com/iot-use-cases/iot-solutions-for-agriculture-industry/
http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/482684.html
www.arduino.cc
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN:
2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 10, Issue 3, Ver. II (May - Jun.2015), PP 32-
36 www.iosrjournals.org
H.T.Ingale, N.N.Kasat proposed "Automated Irrigation System", International Journal
of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD 2012)
Pratik A.Patil, Sangram V.Bhosale et al “Prototype for automatically navigated water
irrigation system”, The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES 2015)
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