MT Polish Foundation

PolishFoundation CourseJolanta Cecua

Learn another language the way you learnt your own

MTM Foundation Polish:Polish 21/8/08 10:28 Page 1

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To find out more, please get in touch with usFor general enquiries and for information about the Michel Thomas Method:Call: 020 7873 6354 Fax: 020 7873 6325Email: [email protected] place an order:Call: 01235 400414 Fax: 01235 400454 Email: [email protected] can write to us at:Hodder Education, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BHVisit our forum at:www.michelthomas.co.uk

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Copyright 2008. In the methodology, Thomas Keymaster Languages LLC, all rights reserved. In the content, Jolanta Joanna Watson.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing AgencyLimited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from theCopyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS, UK.Cover image: Krystyna Szulecka/Alamy

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Succeed with the

and learn another language the way you learnt your own

Developed over 50 years, the amazing teaching methods of the worldsgreatest language teacher completely takes the strain out of languagelearning. Michel Thomas all-audio courses provide an accelerated methodfor learning that is truly revolutionary.

3IntroductionWhat is the Michel Thomas Method?The Michel Thomas Method* all-audio courses, published by HodderEducation, provide an accelerated method for language learning that is trulyrevolutionary. And they promise a remarkable educational experience thatwill make your learning both exciting and pleasurable.

How does the Method work?The Method works by breaking a language down into its component parts,enabling learners to reconstruct the language themselves to form theirown sentences, to say what they want, when they want. Because you learnthe language in small steps, you can build it up yourself to produce evermore complicated sentences.

No booksNo writing

Just confidence in hours

The Michel Thomas Method is in tune with the way your brain works, soyou assimilate the language easily and dont forget it! The Method teachesyou through your own language, so theres no stress, and no anxiety. Theteacher builds up the new language, step by step, and you dont move on tillyouve absorbed and understood the previous point. As Michel Thomas said,What you understand, you know, and what you know, you dont forget.

With parallels to the way you learnt your own language, each language islearnt in real-time conditions. There is no need to stop for homework,additional exercises or vocabulary memorization.

*US patent 6,565,358


HOW ARE THE RECORDINGS BEST USED?

Relax! Make yourself comfortable before playing the recording and try to letgo of the tensions and anxieties traditionally associated with learning. Do not write or take any notes. Remove notebooks, pens, dictionariesand anything else associated with learning at school. Do not try to remember. While participating in the recording andafterwards, it is important that you do not try to memorize specific words orexpressions. It is a basic principle of the Michel Thomas Method that theresponsibility for the students learning lies with the teacher. With the MichelThomas Method as your teacher, your learning will be based on understanding,and what you understand you dont forget. Interact fully with the recordings. Use the pause button and respond outloud (or in a whisper, or in your head, if you are in a public place) before thestudents responses. This is essential. You do not learn by repetition but bythinking out the answers to each question; it is by your own thought processthat you truly learn. Give yourself time to think. The students on the recordings had all the timethey needed to think out their responses. On the recordings their thinking timehas been cut in order to make full use of the recording time. You can take all thetime you need (by using your pause button). The pause button is the key to yourlearning! To get you used to pausing the recording before the students responses,bleeps have been added to the first few tracks. When you hear the bleep, pausethe recording, think out and say your response, then release the pause button tohear the students, then the teachers, response. Start at the beginning of the course. Whatever your existing knowledgeof the language you are learning, it is important that you follow the way that theteacher builds up your knowledge of the language. Do not get annoyed with yourself if you make a mistake. Mistakes arepart of the learning process; as long as you understand why you made themistake and you have the ahaa reaction yes, of course, I understand now you are doing fine. If you made a mistake and you do not understand why, youmay have been daydreaming for a few seconds. The course is structured so thatyou cannot go on unless you fully understand everything, so just go back a littleand you will pick up where you left off. Stop the recording whenever it suits you. You will notice that this courseis not divided into lessons; you will always be able to pick up from where youleft off, without the need to review.

4 Learning Spanish with Michel was the mostextraordinary learning experience of my life

it was unforgettable.

Emma Thompson

Michel Thomas is a precious find indeed.

The Guardian

The classroom situation on the recording lets you learn with others. You enjoytheir success, and you learn from their mistakes. The students on therecordings are not reading from scripts and they have received no additionalinstruction or preparation just the guidance you hear on the recording. You,as the learner, become the third student and participate actively in the class.

A very important part of the Michel Thomas Method is that full responsibilityfor your learning lies with the teacher, not with you, the pupil. This helps toensure that you can relax, and feel confident, so allowing you to learneffectively.

You will enjoy the Method as it creates real excitement you cant wait touse the language.

Theres no such thing as a poor student,only a poor teacher.

Michel Thomas

What level of language will I achieve?

The Introductory and Foundation courses are designed for completebeginners. They make no assumption of a knowledge of any language otherthan English. They will give the beginner a practical and functional use of the

5


Who is the Michel Thomas Method for?

Anyone can learn a language with the Michel Thomas Method and thewide diversity of Michel Thomass own students proves this. Not only didMichel instruct the rich and famous, but he also taught many so-calledhopeless cases. For example, in 1997, Michel taught French to a group ofsixteen-year-olds in north London who had been told they could neverlearn a language, and gave them the ability to use the new language farbeyond their expectations in just a week. Perhaps more importantly, hegave them the confidence to speak and a belief in, and the experience of,their own ability to learn.

Whatever your motivation for learning a language, the Michel ThomasMethod quite simply offers the most effective method that is available.

What can I do next?Try to speak with native speakers whenever possible, as this is invaluable forimproving your fluency. Television and radio programmes via satellite,podcasts, newspapers and magazines (print or on-line) (especially thosewhich feature interviews) will give you practice in the most current andidiomatic language. Expose yourself to the language whenever you can you will have firm foundations on which to build.

Continue your study with the Advanced course. Then build your vocabularywith the existing and planned Vocabulary courses, which carry forward theMichel Thomas Method teaching tradition and faithfully follow MichelThomass unique approach to foreign language learning. The series editor isDr Rose Lee Hayden, Michels most experienced and trusted teacher. Thecourses remain faithful to the method Michel Thomas used in his earliercourses, with the all-audio and building-block approach. The presenterbuilds on Michels foundations to encourage the student at home to buildup their vocabulary in the foreign language, using relationships with English,where appropriate, or connections within the foreign language itself. Thestudent takes part in the audio, following prompts by the presenter, as inMichel Thomas original Foundation and Advanced courses.

7spoken language. They are also appropriate for anyone who has studied alanguage before, but has forgotten much of it or does not have confidencein speaking.

The Introductory course comprises the first two hours of the FoundationCourse. The Advanced course follows on from the Foundation course andexpands on structures touched on in the earlier course to improve yourunderstanding and mastery of complex language.

The Michel Thomas Method teaches the everyday conversational languagethat will allow you to communicate in a wide variety of situations, empoweredby the ability to create your own sentences and use the language naturally,having absorbed the vocabulary and grammatical structures.

How quickly can I learn with the Michel Thomas Method?One of the most remarkable features of the Michel Thomas Method is thespeed with which results are achieved. A knowledge of the language that willtake months of conventional study can be achieved in a matter of hours withthe Michel Thomas Method. The teacher masterfully guides the studentthrough an instructional process at a very rapid rate yet the process willappear informal, relaxed and unhurried. The teacher moves quickly betweennumerous practice sessions, which all build the learners confidence in theirability to communicate in complex ways.

Because the Michel Thomas Method is based on understanding, notmemorization, there is no set limit to the length of time that you should studythe course. It offers immersion without strain or stress, and you will find therecordings are not divided into lessons, though the material has been indexedfor your convenience. This means that you can stop and start as you please.

The excitement of learning will motivate you to continue listening andlearning for as long a time as is practical for you. This will enable you to makeprogress faster than you ever imagined possible.

6


8 Who was Michel Thomas?

Michel Thomas (19142005) spent most of hischildhood in Germany and France. He studiedpsychology at the Sorbonne (Paris) and at theUniversity of Vienna. During the Second WorldWar he fought for the French Resistance; after the war he worked for the U.S. army. Hiswar-time experiences, including two years inconcentration and labour camps and torture atthe hands of the Gestapo, fuelled his passion for

teaching languages, as a result of which he developed a uniquely effectivelanguage-teaching method that brought to his door celebrities (includingBarbra Streisand and Emma Thompson), diplomats, academics andbusiness executives from around the world. He established the first MichelThomas Language Center in Beverly Hills in 1947, and continued to travelthe world teaching languages for the rest of his life.

Whom did Michel Thomas teach?

People came from all over the world to learn a foreign language with MichelThomas because his method works. His students, numbering in thethousands, included well-known people from the arts and from thecorporate, political and academic worlds. For example, he taught French tofilmstar Grace Kelly prior to her marriage to Prince Rainier of Monaco.

Michels list of clients included:

Celebrities: Emma Thompson, Woody Allen, Barbra Streisand, WarrenBeatty, Melanie Griffith, Eddie Izzard, Bob Dylan, Jean Marsh, DonaldSutherland, Mrs George Harrison, Anne Bancroft, Mel Brooks, NastassjaKinski, Carl Reiner, Raquel Welch, Johnny Carson, Julie Andrews, IsabelleAdjani, Candice Bergen, Barbara Hershey, Priscilla Presley, Loretta Swit, TonyCurtis, Diana Ross, Herb Alpert, Angie Dickinson, Lucille Ball, Doris Day,Janet Leigh, Natalie Wood, Jayne Mansfield, Ann-Margaret, Yves Montand,

9Kim Novak, Otto Preminger, Max von Sydow, Peter Sellers, Franois Truffaut,Sophia Coppola.

Diplomats, dignitaries and academics: Former U.S. Ambassador to France,Walter Curley; U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., Joseph V. Reed; Cardinal JohnOConnor, Archbishop of New York; Anthony Cardinal Bevilacqua,Archbishop of Philadelphia; Armand Hammer; Sarah Ferguson, Duchess ofYork; Professor Herbert Morris, Dean of Humanities at UCLA; WarrenKeegan, Professor of Business at Pace University in New York; ProfessorWesley Posvar, former President of the University of Pittsburgh.

Executives from the following corporations: AT&T International, Coca-Cola, Procter & Gamble, Chase Manhattan Bank, American Express,Merrill Lynch, New York Chamber of Commerce and Industry, BoeingAircraft, General Electric, Westinghouse Electric, Bank of America, MaxFactor, Rand Corporation, Bertelsmann Music Group-RCA, Veuve ClicquotInc., McDonalds Corporation, Rover, British Aerospace.

Michel with Grace Kelly


park? = Is this a park? Czy also means or; Czy to jest klub czybar? Is this a club or bar? In short sentences you can omit jest.

CD1 Track 2mam I have; mam to I have it. Ja means I but there is no need tosay it, unless you want to emphasise the I.

In Polish you dont use dont or doesnt to make sentencesnegative: nie mam not I have = I dont have.

Use tego for it in negative sentences when it is the object, orrecipient, of the action; nie mam tego I dont have it.

czytam I read, I am reading; ale but, paszport passport; pan you(when talking to a man); pani you (when talking to a woman); pan /pani ma you have; pan / pani czyta you read, are reading.

CD1 Track 3co what; co to jest? what this is? = what is this? The order of thisis (etc.) doesnt change in the question, so questions and statementsin Polish have the same word order, unlike in English.

dla mnie for me; co pani ma dla mnie? what do you (fem.) have for me?

czego what (in negative questions); czego pan / pani nie ma? whatdo you not have?

dlaczego for what = why.

CD1 Track 4jestem am = I am; gotowy ready (describing a man), gotowaready (woman), gotowe ready (neut.); jestem gotowy I (masc.) amready; pan / pani jest gotowy / gotowa you are ready; to jestgotowe it is ready; pan / pani nie jest gotowy / gotowa = you arenot ready. Pan literally means sir and pani madam, so what youare actually saying is sir / madam is not ready.

Track listingAbbreviationsThe following abbreviations are used in this track listing: fem. = feminine; inf. = informal; masc. = masculine; neut. = neuter; pl.= plural; sg. = singular

Men and womenAdjectives and verb endings given below for men and women arealso used for boys and girls, respectively.

Word orderWord order in Polish is quite flexible. The word order as given in allthe phrases, sentences and questions printed below (and heard in therecording) are just examples of many different possible word orders,to help you to get started. Feel free to experiment with them to helpyou develop your own linguistic abilities in Polish. Communication,after all, is about expressing our thoughts and ideas and sharingthem with others and each of us does it in a different way. So enjoyfinding your own way of expressing yourself!

CD1 Track 1Introduction

to it, this; jest is; to jest it is, this is.

In Polish there are no words for a, an and the; mapa map; bankbank; to jest mapa it is a map or it is the map.

nie not, no; to nie jest film this is not a film.

To ask a question, raise the pitch of your voice at the end of the sentence.

tak yes, so, like this / that; studio studio, teatr theatre.

Putting the word czy at the front of a sentence turns it into aquestion; you do not need to change the word order, and raising yourvoice at the end is optional. Czy to jest park? [Question word] this is

10 11


Feminine nouns end in -a; in the plural -a becomes -y: mapy maps;kamera camera, kamery cameras.

s are; gdzie s mapy? where are the maps?

tutaj here, czy kamery s tutaj? are the cameras here?

CD1 Track 9i and.

klub jest tutaj club is here = there is a club here.

tam there; telefon telephone.

CD1 Track 10umie to know how to / to be able to; umiem I know how to / I amable to, pan / pani umie you know how to / you are able to. Theverb that follows is in the form ending in -, the to form of the verb:umiem to robi I know how to / am able it to do = I know how to /am able to do it.

gotowa to cook; umiem gotowa I know how to cook.

CD1 Track 11The Polish equivalent of English words ending in -tion is -cja;intonacja intonation; organizacja organisation; sytuacja situation;tradycja tradition; informacja information (desk). These words areall feminine, since they end in -a.

Polska Poland, Polish (with feminine nouns only); angielska English(with feminine nouns); Czy to jest polska czy angielska tradycia?Is this a Polish or an English tradition?

konferencja conference; restauracja restoration, restaurant; daleko far.

CD1 Track 12wszystko everything, all.

Czy pan / pani jest gotowy / gotowa? = Are you ready? Czy can beomitted from short questions in colloquial speech.

CD1 Track 5mona possible = one can, one may, it is possible; mona? withrising intonation means may I?; nie mona not possible = it is notpossible.

kupi to buy; mona to kupi possible it to buy = it is possible tobuy it; czy mona to kupi? is it possible to buy this?

The letter - is a typical ending for the basic or to form of the verb;czyta to read.

CD1 Track 6Mam I have also means shall I? or am I supposed to?; mam toczyta? shall I read this?

robi to do, make; nie mam tego robi? am I not supposed to do it?

ju already, by now; jeszcze still, yet; jeszcze nie yet not = notyet; pan jeszcze nie jest gotowy? you (masc.) yet not is ready? =arent you ready yet?

CD1 Track 7przepraszam excuse me, Im sorry; co something; problemproblem.

CD1 Track 8Adding -y is one of the most common ways of making a noun pluralin Polish: problemy problems.

Stress is almost always on the penultimate syllable in Polish; this ruleapplies even when an extra syllable is added to make the plural:dokument document, dokumenty documents. gdzie where.

12 13


CD2 Track 4The Polish equivalents of the English word endings -ic and -ical are-yczny and -iczny: tragiczny tragic; ekonomiczny economic;polityczny political; logiczny logical. The -y at the end is themasculine ending.

In Polish endings change according to the gender of the person orthing being described: jestem gotowy I am ready (male, describinghimself), jestem gotowa I am ready (female, describing herself).

The neuter (it) ending is -e: to nie jest logiczne, ale jest bardzopraktyczne it is not logical, but it is very practical.

w in; w Polsce in Poland. Here the w runs into the following wordwhen spoken and sounds like an f.

dobra good (fem. form).

CD2 Track 5ciekawy interesting (masc.), ciekawa (fem.), ciekawe (neut.).

ten this (masc.), ta (fem.), to (neut.); ten film this film; ta opera thisopera; ta opera jest bardzo ciekawa this opera is very interesting.

nic nothing: Polish uses what looks like a double negative in English:nic nie mam (emphasises nic) / nie mam nic (neutral word order) = I have nothing.

CD2 Track 6a and (when used to contrast two things); ja nic nie wiem a pani wiewszystko = I know nothing and you (fem.) know everything.

ciekawy / ciekawa jestem I am curious, I wonder, Im wondering;ciekawa jestem co to jest I (fem.) wonder what this is.

toaleta toilet; ciekawy jestem gdzie jest toaleta I (masc.) wonderwhere the toilet is.

uniwersytet university (stress is on -wer-).

rozumie to understand; rozumiem I understand, pan / panirozumie you understand.

dobrze well; (nie) rozumiem to (tego) dobrze I (dont) understand it well.

tego goes after the verb if it is not emphasised, but if you want toemphasise it, place it earlier in the sentence: pani tego nie rozumieyou (fem.) dont understand it.

CD2 Track 1zaczyna to begin, start; zaczynam I begin, am beginning, pan /pani zaczyna you begin, are beginning. There is only one presenttense in Polish, which can be translated by the English I begin and Iam beginning (etc.).

If there are two verbs, it is usually safest to place to between them:zaczynam to robi Im starting it to do = Im starting to do it.

wanie just; wanie zaczynam just I am beginning = Im just beginning.

CD2 Track 2teraz now.

e that (when followed by another part of a sentence with a verbin it): rozumiem, e pan / pani wanie teraz zaczyna to robiI understand that youre just starting to do it now.

to this, that; to jest wszystko that is all; jest is dropped in shortsentences: to wszystko that all = that is all; czy to ju wszystko?Is that everything, Is there anything else?; (czy) co jeszcze?[Question word] something yet? = Anything else? (said in shops).

wiem I know (a fact), pan / pani wie you know.

CD2 Track 3bardzo very; wiem to bardzo dobrze I know it very well.

czy also means whether: nie wiem czy mam to I dont know whetherI have it.

blisko close, nearby.

14 15


CD2 Track 7komputer computer; gdzie mona kupi komputery? where is itpossible to buy computers?

gazeta newspaper; nie mona not possible; nic nie mona tutajkupi (emphasises nic) one cant buy anything here.

CD2 Track 8mwi to speak; mwi po angielsku to speak English; po polsku(speak) Polish; czy pani umie mwi po polsku? do you know howto / are you able to speak Polish?

pani moe you (fem.) may / can; pan nie moe you (masc.) not may/ can = you may not / cannot.

When there are two or more words in a sentence, little words like toare usually placed before the verb they belong to, but nouns areplaced after it: pan moe to kupi you (masc.) may / can buy it; czypan moe kupi gazety? can you (masc.) buy the newspapers?

CD2 Track 9kiedy when; on he; ona she.

On and ona take the same verb endings as pan and pani: on moehe may / can, ona ma she has, on czyta he reads, ona umie sheis able (to), on wie he knows, ona zaczyna she begins.

CD2 Track 10przygotowa to prepare.

CD2 Track 11There are two key endings for verbs in the I form. The verbs wevemet so far have all ended in -m, e.g. jestem I am, zaczynam I start.I may / can has the other ending, -, so mog: czy mog to kupi?May I buy it?

16 17CD2 Track 12bilet ticket; koncert concert; na for (in sense on to, towards):bilet na koncert a ticket for the concert.

lubi to like, (nie) lubi I (dont) like, pan / pani lubi you like.

CD3 Track 1j her; go him; lubi j I like her; nie lubi go I dont like him; mnieme; ona mnie lubi (emphasises mnie) / ona lubi mnie (neutral wordorder) she likes me.

pan / pani (nie) mwi you (dont) speak; mwi I speak; on mwihe speaks; on jeszcze nie mwi po polsku he doesnt speak Polish yet.

CD3 Track 2kto who; nikt nobody. These words take the same verb endings ashe and she: nikt tutaj nie mwi po angielsku nobody speaksEnglish here.

szybko fast, quickly; za too; pan mwi za szybko you (masc.)speak too quickly.

mwi means say as well as speak: co pani mwi? what are you(fem.) saying?

nie bardzo means not quite as well as not very: nie bardzorozumiem not very I understand = I dont quite understand.

pan / pani robi you are doing; kto to robi? = who is doing it?; nikttego nie robi nobody is doing it; robi to teraz I am doing it now.

CD3 Track 3musz I must, have to: musz to robi I must do it; pan / pani musiyou must: co pani musi robi? what must you (fem.) do?

wiedzie to know; powiedzie to say, tell: musz co powiedzieI must say something.


pani means to you as well as just you when talking to a woman;musz pani co powiedzie I must tell you (fem.) something; panuto you (when talking to a man): musz panu to powiedzie I musttell you (masc.) this.

mi to me: pan musi mi to powiedzie you (masc.) must tell me this;czy pan moe mi powiedzie? can you (masc.) tell me?

CD3 Track 4poniewa because.

sam myself, himself, yourself (masc.), sama myself, herself, yourself(fem.): sama nie wiem co robi I myself (fem.) dont know what todo. sam can also mean alone, on ones own: czy pan jest sam?are you (masc.) alone?

mieszka to live, mieszkam I live; mieszkam sama I (fem.) livealone; czy pani mieszka sama? = do you (fem.) live alone?

CD3 Track 5The infinitive, or to form, of the verb mog I may / can, pan / pani /on / ona moe you / he /she may / can is mc (to may / can);pomc to help; mog pani pomc I can help you (fem.); czy panmoe mi pomc? can you (masc.) help me?

jak how: nie wiem jak mog pani pomc I dont know how I canhelp you (fem.).

jej her (in the sense of to her), mu (to) him.

In Polish you help to someone: mog jej pomc I can to her help =I can help her; czy pani moe mu pomc? can you (fem.) help him?

CD3 Track 6wino wine; piwo beer; mleko milk.

te also: czy pan te lubi wino? do you (masc.) also like wine?

wole to prefer, wol I prefer, pan / pani woli you prefer.

18 19ni to (in the of sense prefer to something else); wol wino ni piwoI prefer wine to beer.

na zdrowie for your health (drinking toast); zdrowy healthy (masc.),zdrowa (fem.), zdrowe (neut.); mleko jest bardzo zdrowe milk is veryhealthy; niezdrowy unhealthy (masc.).

CD3 Track 7myle to think, myl I think, pan / pani myli you think; jakhow; jak pan / pani myli? how you think? = what do you think?;myl, e ... I think that ... .

CD3 Track 8chcie to want, chc I want, pan / pani chce you want.

In Polish there are two ways of saying you, formal and informal. Panand pani are formal; one of the informal words for you, used withfamily and friends, is ty: (ty) chcesz you want. There is no need tosay ty you in Polish, as the -sz ending of chcesz makes it clear.Word order is quite flexible in Polish. If you want to emphasise aword, bring it forward in the sentence: chc to teraz I want it now(neutral word order), teraz to chc I want it now.

CD3 Track 9pi to drink, pij I drink, pijesz you (inf.) drink, pan / pani pije you(formal) drink.

je to eat, jem I eat, jesz you (inf.) eat, pan / pani je you (formal) eat.

godny (masc.), godna (fem.) hungry: jestem godna I (fem.) am hungry.

jeste you (inf.) are: jeste godny? are you (masc.) hungry?

CD3 Track 10musie to have to; nie musz I dont have to.

mie to have; nie musz tego mie I dont have to have it.


CD4 Track 5sprzedawa to sell, sprzedaj I sell, am selling; pan / pani sprzedajeyou sell, are selling.

prosi to ask, request, prosz I am asking; prosz also meansplease: prosz mi pomc please help me; prosz can also be saidwhen handing something over to mean here you are.

dzikowa to thank; dzikuj I thank = thank you: dzikuj bardzoI thank very = thank you very much.

CD4 Track 6In Polish, if you want to emphasise the you of thank you you cansay dzikuj panu / pani I thank to you = thank you (speakingformally), dzikuj ci (inf.).

The for after thank you, i.e. thank you for ..., is za in Polish:dzikuj panu bardzo za telefon thank you (masc.) very much for thetelephone call.

prosz means youre welcome as well as please: bardzo proszvery I ask = youre very welcome.

gotowa to cook, gotuj I cook, am cooking, pan / pani gotuje youcook, are cooking, on gotuje he cooks, is cooking.

obiad dinner; on gotuje obiad dzisiaj he is cooking the dinnertoday.

CD4 Track 7The ending -owa is very common on Polish verbs, including for newverbs coming into Polish from other languages, e.g. skanowa toscan: skanuj I scan, am scanning, pan / pani skanuje you scan,are scanning. Another verb of this type is pracowa to work:pracuj I work, am working, pan / pani pracuje you work, areworking, on / ona pracuje he / she works, is working: gdzie panipracuje? where do you (fem.) work?

21kto moe to robi? who can do it?, kto to rozumie? whounderstands it?, kto co chce? who wants something?

CD4 Track 1ten sam (masc.), ta sama (fem.), to samo (neut.) this self = thesame: ten sam komputer the same computer, ta sama gazeta thesame newspaper, to samo studio the same studio; chc kupi tosamo I want to buy the same.

CD4 Track 2ci to you (inf.); this form is used with some verbs, even where thereis no to in English: on musi ci to powiedzie he must to you this tell= he must tell you this; chc ci pomc I want to help you.

The ty you (inf.) verb ending is made up of the pan / pani form plus -sz:moesz you (inf.) can: czy moesz mu pomc? can you (inf.) help him?

CD4 Track 3nowy (masc.) new: nowy komputer new computer; radio radio; as radiois neuter it needs the neuter ending on new: nowe radio new radio.

dzisiaj today; jutro tomorrow; na dzisiaj / jutro for today /tomorrow; chc mie to na jutro I want to have it for tomorrow; niechc mie tego dzisiaj, ale chc mie to jutro I dont want to have ittoday, but I want to have it tomorrow.

jeli if: jeli mona if possible.

CD4 Track 4dawa to give, daj I give, am giving, pan / pani daje you give, aregiving; dlaczego pan mu to daje? why are you (masc.) giving this tohim?; pani mi to daje you (fem.) are giving this to me.

oddawa to give back, return, oddaj I give back, am giving back,pan / pani oddaje you are giving back; dlaczego pani mi to oddaje?why are you (fem.) returning it to me? Both ds of oddawa areclearly pronounced.

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CD4 Track 11by to be: chc by tutaj I want to be here.

The basic to form of most Polish verbs ends in -, e.g. by to be,czyta to read, but there is a small group of verbs which end in -c. Sofar you have met mc, the infinitive of may / can, and pomc to help.

CD4 Track 12jestemy we are.

There are two words for they in Polish: oni for men only or for a mixedgroup of people and one for a group of women. The endings of oni andone are reflected in the endings of the plural adjectives: one s gotowethey (fem.) are ready; oni s gotowi they (masc.) are ready.

jestemy gotowe we are ready (referring to women), jestemy gotowiwe are ready (referring to men, or to a mixed group).

CD4 Track 13jecha to go (by transport); jad I go, am going (by transport), pan /pani jedzie you go, are going (by transport).

wakacje holiday; na wakacje on holiday; jad na wakacje Im goingon holiday.

do to: do Polski to Poland; do Ameryki to America; AngliaEngland, do Anglii to England; z from: z Polski from Poland.

CD5 Track 1z Anglii from England; z Ameryki from America.

wraca to return (from a place), wracam I return, am returning, pan/ pani wraca you return, on wraca he returns.

CD5 Track 2dugo long; niedugo not long, before long; ona wraca niedugoshe is returning before long.

pno late; jest pno it is late.

23CD4 Track 8my we. The verb ending in the we form is also -my. There is noneed to say my for we in Polish except for emphasis, as the -myverb ending makes it clear: pracujemy we work, gotujemy we cook,skanujemy we scan, czytamy we read, umiemy we are able, knowhow to, moemy we can, chcemy we want, lubimy we like.

Where English uses an -ing form after for example the verb to like,Polish mostly uses the basic to form: lubimy mwi po polsku welike to speak Polish = we like speaking Polish; nie lubi gotowaI dont like cooking.

prezenty presents: lubimy dawa prezenty = we like giving presents.

lubisz you (inf.) like.

CD4 Track 9i to go (on foot), to come; musz ju i I must already to go = I must go now.

To say to a concert in Polish, use na: nie chc i na koncertI dont want to go to a concert.

id I go, am going, pan / pani idzie you go, are going, on / onaidzie he / she goes, is going; gdzie pan idzie? where are you(masc.) going?

Word order can change the meaning of the sentence in Polish: id juI go already = Im going already; ju id already I go = Imcoming! (in response to someone hurrying you along).

CD4 Track 10When saying id I am going, in Polish, it does not refer to somethingyou are going to do in the future, like in English; it means you arephysically going to do the action now or very soon, or are on yourway there: id co kupi Im going to buy something (Im on myway to buy something).

There is no need to say some in Polish: id kupi mleko I go to buymilk = Im going to buy some milk.

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CD5 Track 7uczy to teach; ucz I teach, am teaching; nie ucz I dont teach.

codziennie every day; the double n is pronounced: uczcodziennie, ale nie ucz dzisiaj I teach every day but Im not teaching today.

CD5 Track 8pan / pani uczy you teach, are teaching; uczysz you teach, areteaching (inf. sg.); on / ona uczy he / she teaches, is teaching; uczgo Im teaching him; uczysz j? are you (inf.) teaching her?;dlaczego nie uczysz mnie? why dont you (inf.) teach me?

nas us; was you (pl. inf.): ona nie uczy nas she doesnt teach us;ucz was Im teaching you (pl. inf.); nie rozumiem was I dontunderstand you (pl. inf.).

CD5 Track 9pan / pani mieszka you live: gdzie pan mieszka? where do you(masc.) live?

w Anglii in England; Ameryka America, w Ameryce in America:mieszkam w Anglii I live in England.

od since; od kiedy? since when?

In Polish the present tense is often used to translate the English formhave been -ing because you are still doing it: od kiedy pani mieszkaw Ameryce? since when you (masc.) live in America = since whenhave you been living in America?

CD5 Track 10prosi o to ask for. In spoken Polish o is often omitted: czy mogprosi (o) menu? may I ask for the menu?

bilety tickets; temat theme, subject: co pan wie na ten temat?what do you (masc.) know on this subject?

25CD5 Track 3wy you (pl. inf.). To form the wy form of the verb, add -cie to the pan/ pani or on / ona form. There is no need to say the wy in Polishunless you want to emphasise the word you. wracacie you return,are returning; lubicie you like; idziecie you go, are going (on foot);jedziecie you go, are going (by transport); jestecie you are in allthese examples you are addressing a group of people informally;jestecie gotowe? are you (fem. pl. inf.) ready? dlaczego niejestecie jeszcze gotowi? why arent you (masc. pl. inf.) ready yet?

CD5 Track 4wanie precisely, exactly, just; wanie ten student precisely thisstudent = this particular student; wanie ta gazeta this particularnewspaper; wanie zaczynam I am just beginning. wanie can alsobe used to indicate you are right now in the process of doingsomething: wanie to robi Im just doing it.

CD5 Track 5plan plan; projekt project; planowa to plan, planuj I plan, amplanning, pan / pani planuje you plan, you are planning, on planujehe plans, is planning.

CD5 Track 6mie zamiar to have the intention = to intend (to do something);mam zamiar I have the intention, pan / pani ma zamiar you havethe intention: kiedy pan ma zamiar jecha na wakacje? when are you (masc.) intending to go on holiday?

wanie mam zamiar just I have intention = Im just about to:wanie mam zamiar to robi Im just about to do it.

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CD6 Track 3koszt cost (noun) = the cost; kosztowa to cost, to kosztuje itcosts; ile how much: ile to kostuje? how much does it cost?; tobdzie kosztowa it will cost: ciekawy jestem ile to bdzie kosztowaI (masc.) wonder how much it will cost.

CD6 Track 4drogi (masc.), droga (fem.), drogie (neut.) dear, expensive; to jest (za)drogie it is (too) expensive.

brat brother; mama mother: drogi brat dear brother; droga mamadear mother.

CD6 Track 5bd gotowa I will cook, be cooking; on bdzie gotowa he willcook, be cooking; bd czyta I will read, be reading; on nic niebdzie gotowa he wont be cooking anything.

bdziesz you (inf.) will: bdziesz je you will eat; kiedy bdzieszgotowa? when will you (fem.) be ready?; co bdziesz robi poniej?what are you (inf.) going to do later?

by moe perhaps, maybe: by moe bd co czyta perhaps Iwill read something.

CD6 Track 6The we form of the plural will or will be has the same ending -myas in the present tense: bdziemy we will be; nie bdziemy wewont be; bdziemy je we will eat, be eating; bdziemy gotowawe will cook, be cooking; bdziemy czyta we will read, bereading; co bdziemy robi? what will we do / be doing?

wieczorem in the evening: bdziemy tam wieczorem we will bethere in the evening.

The you (inf.) (wy) form of the plural will or will be has the sameending -cie as in the present tense: bdziecie you will be; nie

27CD5 Track 11Revision of verbs in the ja I and pan / pani you, he, she, it forms.

The word niech, literally may, let turns a sentence into a command:niech pan czyta may you (masc.) read = read!, niech pan je eat!(said to a man); niech pan ju idzie please go now (said to a man);niech pan nie przpreprasza dont apologise! (said to a man); niechona to robi may she it do = let her do it; niech on to przygotuje lethim prepare it.

CD5 Track 12 dugo long, a long time; tak dugo so long, such a long time:pracuj tutaj ju dugo I work here already long = Ive been workinghere for a long time already.

mieszkacie you (inf. pl.) live; mieszkasz you (inf. sg.) live; pracujeszyou (inf. sg.) work.

jak dugo? how long?; rok year: ona mieszka tutaj rok she liveshere year = shes been living here for a year.

CD6 Track 1bd I will be; nie bd I wont be; pan / pani bdzie you will be;on / ona / to bdzie he / she / it will be.

niedaleko not far; zaraz in a moment, soon: zaraz tam bd Ill bethere in a moment; nic dzisiaj nie bdzie gotowe nothing is going tobe ready today.

CD6 Track 2bd / bdzie act as helping words to form the future tense in Polish,rather like the English word will: bd pracowa I will work, beworking; pan / pani bdzie pracowa you will work: czy pan bdzietam pracowa? will you work there?

poniej later: bd to robi poniej I will be doing it later.

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CD6 Track 9There are different plural endings for adjectives, depending on whetheryou are describing masculine or feminine people: one bd gotowethey will be ready (talking about women); oni bd gotowi they will beready (men or a mixed group of men and women).

zdrowy healthy (masc. sg.), zdrowa (fem. sg.), zdrowe (fem. pl.),zdrowi (masc. pl., or mixed): one nie s zdrowe they not are healthy= they (fem.) arent healthy, oni nie s zdrowi they (masc. / mixedgroup) arent healthy.

The plural of pan and pani, i.e. formal you, is pastwo. This wordcan be used to mean ladies and gentlemen or to address a couple.Pastwo also means state, nation: czy pastwo s zdrowi are youhealthy? (formal plural, mixed group); kiedy pastwo bd gotowi?when will you be ready? (talking to a mixed group, formally).

CD6 Track 10There are three genders in the singular in Polish masculine,feminine and neuter. In general, in the singular, masculine nouns endin a consonant, feminine nouns end in -a and neuter nouns end in -oor -e. The word for my also has three genders in the singular: mj(masc.), moja (fem.), moje (neut.).

czek cheque; dom house: prosz to mj czek = heres my cheque(the to can be omitted).

kolacja supper; kawa coffee; niadanie breakfast: mj obiad mydinner; moja kolacja my supper; moje niadanie my breakfast.

wiesz you know (inf. sg.); czy wiesz gdzie jest moje wino? do you(inf. sg.) know where my wine is?

Adjectives have different forms for gender, too: singular masculineadjectives end in -y or -i, feminine in -a and neuter in -e.

CD7 Track 1wiza visa: moja wiza my visa.

Your (formal) does not change according to gender, unlike mj,

29bdziecie you wont be: bdziecie tam wieczorem? will you be therein the evening?; bdziecie gotowa? will you be cooking?

CD6 Track 7bdziecie mieszka you (pl. inf.) will live, be living: bdzieciemieszka w Anglii? are you going to live in England? (talking to agroup of people informally).

In the present tense of the verb to prefer the you (pl. inf.) form iswolicie, and the we form is wolimy: dlaczego wolicie mieszka wAnglii? why do you prefer to live in England?; wolimy mieszka wAmeryce we prefer to live in America.

The they form of to go on foot in the present tense has the ending-: id (they) go, are going. The same ending is used in the futuretense: bd (they) will be: gdzie oni bd mieszka? where are they(masc. / mixed group) going to live?; one bd mieszka w Polscethey (fem.) will live in Poland.

CD6 Track 8ja te I also, me too. Ja is needed in sentences containing also asit is emphatic: ja te bd tutaj jutro I also will be here tomorrow.

czeka to wait: bd czeka I will be waiting; oni / one bd czekathey will be waiting; ona bdzie czeka she will be waiting. The for as in wait for is na in Polish: na mnie for me, na pana foryou (talking to a man formally), na pani for you (talking to a womanformally): oni bd tutaj na pani czeka they (masc. / mixed group)will be waiting for you here.

wiecie you know (pl. inf.); przepraszamy we are sorry; dzisiajwieczorem today in the evening = this evening: czy pani wie co onabdzie robi dzisiaj wieczorem? do you (fem.) know what she will bedoing this evening?

to samo co ja the same what I = the same as me: ona bdzie robito samo co ja she will be doing the same as me.

przepraszam pana / pani excuse me, sir / madam apologising to,or attracting the attention of, a specific person.

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The same ending is used on the pastwo or you formal plural formas on the oni / one they form: pastwo organizuj you organise, areorganising; pastwo rezerwuj you reserve, are reserving: czypastwo to rezerwuj? are you reserving it?; kiedy pastwo bdoperowa? when will you operate?

wiemy we know: nie wiemy kiedy bdziemy operowa we dontknow when we will operate.

Verbs ending in -m in the I form form their they form by adding-j before the usual - ending to the pan / pani / on / ona form: onczyta he reads, is reading, oni / one czytaj they read, are reading;oni / one mieszkaj they live, are living; oni / one umiej they knowhow to.

CD7 Track 4oni / one wiedz they know; oni / one jedz they eat, are eating.

The verb endings for they are also used with pastwo, you (pluralformal): czy pastwo jedz teraz niadanie? are you eating breakfastnow?

niech pan / pani to kupi buy it! Adding prosz (I ask / please)makes the command more polite. To give a command in the plural,say niech pastwo with the appropriate verb form: niech pastwo torobi do it!; niech pastwo to czytaj read it!; niech pastwo jedzeat! (said when offering food to guests).

CD7 Track 5si oneself. This word combines with mie to have when talkingabout how you feel or how you are: mie si to have oneself = tofeel. Si never changes, regardless of who is speaking or beingreferred to: mam si dobrze I have myself well = I am well; jak sipan / pani ma? how are you? (formal); jak si masz? how are you?(inf. sg.).

When Poles ask you How are you they do want to know how youare, unlike English-speakers, for whom the question How are you?often just means Hi or Hello.

31because you are literally saying of the lady and of the gentleman;the feminine form is pani and the masculine form is pana: pani wizayour visa, pani paszport your passport (speaking to a woman);pana wiza your visa, pana paszport your passport (speaking to aman); to nie jest mj problem ale pani that isnt my problem, but yours (fem.).

Similarly, the words for his and her do not change, either, becausethey mean literally of him and of her. They are the same for allgenders and for singular and plural: jego of him = his; jej of her =her: jego wino his wine, jego kawa his coffee; jej kawa hercoffee, jej dom her house: gdzie jest jej dom? where is her house?;czy to jest jego dom? is this his house?

to s this are = these are: czy to s jej gazety? are these hernewspapers?

CD7 Track 2rezerwacja reservation; obserwacja observation; operacjaoperation; organizacja organisation. To form the verb from thesewords, remove -acja and add -owa: rezerwowa to reserve;obserwowa to observe; operowa to operate; organizowa toorganise; organizuj to I organise it.

To form the they ending of verbs ending in - in the I form, take offthe - and add -: oni / one organizuj they organise, are organising;oni / one rezerwuj they reserve, are reserving; oni / one obserwujthey observe, are observing: one organizuj to they (fem.) areorganising it; oni tego nie obserwuj they (masc.) dont observe it.

na kiedy? for when?: na kiedy oni to rezerwuj? for when are they(masc.) reserving it?

CD7 Track 3oni / one id they go, are going; robi I do, am doing, oni / onerobi they do, are doing; one nie mwi po polsku they (fem.) dontspeak Polish; lubi czyta I like reading, oni nie lubi czyta they(masc.) dont like reading.

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CD7 Track 8ciepo warm; zimno cold, it is cold; dzisiaj jest ciepo today iswarm; jest zimno it is cold; jutro bdzie bardzo zimno tomorrow itwill be very cold; jest mi bardzo zimno is to me very cold = I amvery cold; tutaj jest za ciepo it is too warm here; tam jest za zimnoit is too cold there; zimniej colder; cieplej warmer.

robi si makes itself = it is getting; robi si zimno makes itself cold= it is getting cold; zaczyna si robi zimno its starting to get cold.

zna to know somebody or something, znam I know, pan / panizna you know, znamy we know; znam Krakw I know Krakow; nieznam go dobrze I dont know him well; czy pani j zna? do you(fem.) know her?

si can also mean each other as well as oneself: zna si to knowoneself or to know each other; znamy si ju bardzo dugo weknow ourselves already very long = weve known each other for avery long time.

CD7 Track 9In the past tense in Polish, gender is taken into account whenforming verb endings, unlike in the present tense. So, the ending forthe verb after I or you will be different depending on whether aman or a woman is speaking or being referred to, and the endings forhe, she and it are different.

To form the past tense for most verbs in the singular, the - of thebasic form of the verb is removed and replaced by -, and this givesus the form for he; and then endings are added to make the sheand it forms: by to be, on by he was, ona bya she was, onobyo it was; byo mi zimno I was cold.

With some impersonal expressions, i.e. those which do not refer toanyone in particular, in the present tense is is omitted; in the pasttense, however, the verb is obligatory, and because it is impersonal,the verb goes into the neuter, or it form: mona byo = it waspossible; nie mona byo tego kupi it was not possible to buy it.

33twj your (masc.), twoja (fem.) (inf.): twj brat your brother; twojamama your mother: jak si ma twoja mama? hows your mother?;jak si ma twj brat? hows your brother?; moja mama ma sibardzo dobrze, a twoja? = my mothers very well, and yours?

CD7 Track 6nazywa si to call oneself = to be called; nazywam si I callmyself = Im called, my name is; pan / pani nazywa si your nameis; jak si pani nazywa? what is your (fem., formal) name?; jak sinazywa twj brat? what is your (inf.) brothers name?

uczy si to teach oneself = to learn: ucz si I teach myself = Iam learning; on uczy si he is learning; pan / pani uczy si you arelearning.

syn son; mj syn uczy si bardzo dobrze my son is learning verywell; on bardzo lubi uczy si czyta po polsku he likes learning toread Polish very much.

CD7 Track 7To say how do you say ...? use the verb mwi to speak with si:mwi si speaks itself = says: jak si to mwi po polsku? howitself it speaks in Polish = how does one say (it) in Polish?

przygotowa si to prepare oneself = to get ready: musz siprzygotowa I must myself prepare = I must get ready.

to si zaczyna teraz it itself starts now = it is starting now; kiedy tosi zaczyna? when is it starting? or when does it start?; kiedyzaczyna si film? when does the film start?

dowiedzie si to make know oneself = to find out (based on theverb wiedzie to know).

When there are two verbs, si self, and other little words, usually gobetween them: mog si dowiedzie I may / can myself make know= I may / can find it out; czy mog si dowiedzie? may / can I find out?

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In the present tense in Polish, the ty (inf. sg.) form only has oneending, regardless of gender, so jeste means you are, referring to aman or a woman, but there are two endings in the past tense masculine and feminine: bye you were (addressing a man,informally), and bya you were (addressing a woman informally).

CD8 Track 2czytaa you (fem., inf.) were reading it; gotowaa you (fem., inf.)were cooking. The final - of the ty you (inf. sg.) form can bedetached from the verb and move to another word in the sentence,usually the first. So its possible to say dlaczego to czytaa? as wellas dlaczego to czytaa? to mean why were you reading it? Whenthe final - is removed from the verb ending, what is left ends in -a,still a past tense feminine ending. Masculine verbs take off the vowelas well so you are left with the basic past tense ending -; gdzie byewczoraj? where were you (masc., inf.) yesterday? can becomegdzie by wczoraj?

CD8 Track 3one byy they were (referring to women): one byy gotowe they(fem.) were ready.

Pani has a plural form, which is panie, used to address a group ofwomen formally. It takes the same verb ending as one: co one robiy?what were they (fem.) doing?, co panie wczoraj robiy? what wereyou (fem. pl., formal) doing yesterday?; czy panie co kupiy? haveyou (fem. pl., formal) bought something?

na nas for us: jak dugo panie na nas czekay? how long were you(fem. pl., formal) waiting / did you wait for us?

CD8 Track 4oni byli they were (referring to men): oni nie byli gotowi they (masc.)were not ready.

The plural form of pan, to address a group of men formally, ispanowie. It takes the same verb ending as oni: panowie byli you

35kupi to buy, on kupi he bought, has bought, ona kupia shebought, has bought. The past tense in Polish can translate both theEnglish bought and have / has bought.

przygotowa to prepare, on to przygotowa he prepared it or hehas prepared it.

Pan and pani have the same endings as on and ona respectively: panprzygotowa you (masc.) prepared or you (masc.) have prepared,pani przygotowaa you (fem.) prepared or you (fem.) have prepared.

CD7 Track 10The I form in the past tense has different forms depending ongender; a man would say byem I was and a woman would saybyam I was.

wczoraj yesterday; byem tam wczoraj I (masc.) was thereyesterday; byam tam wczoraj I (fem.) was there yesterday; niebyem gotowy wczoraj I (masc.) wasnt ready yesterday; nie byamgotowa wczoraj I (fem.) wasnt ready yesterday.

zajty (masc.), zajta (fem.), zajte (neut.) busy, engaged, occupied:byem bardzo zajty I (masc.) was very busy; telefon by zajty thetelephone was engaged; to nie byo zajte it was not occupied.

To ask whether a seat is occupied, ask czy to jest zajte? is itoccupied? or just zajte occupied? with rising intonation.

na ni for her: czy pani te na ni cekaa? did you (fem., formal) alsowait for her?; na niego for him: nie czekaem na ni ale czekaem naniego dugo I (masc.) didnt wait for her but I waited for him for along time.

CD8 Track 1czytaem I (masc.) read / was reading; czytaam I (fem.) read / wasreading.

duo a lot: wczoraj czytaam duo I was reading a lot yesterday.

pan kupi you (masc.) bought; pani kupia you (fem.) bought; nic niekupiem I (masc.) didnt buy anything.

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CD8 Track 7ona mi powiedziaa she told me; ona ci powiedziaa she told you (inf. sg.); on pani powiedzia he told you (fem. sg., formal); nicnie powiedziaam I (fem.) didnt say anything; nie wiedziaem copowiedzie I (masc.) didnt know what to say.

When reporting the words of another person, you use the same tenseas was used by the original speaker: powiedziaam, e jestem zajta I(fem.) said that I am busy = I said that I was busy; on powiedzia enie bdzie jutro zajty he said that he wouldnt be busy tomorrow. InPolish, there is no need to repeat I, you, he or she in the secondpart of the sentence if the same person is being referred to as in thefirst part.

CD8 Track 8ona miaa means she was supposed to as well as she had: onamiaa tam pracowa she was supposed to work there.

Since musie to have to, must ends in -e, the e changes to an abefore : ona musiaa she had to; pani musiaa you (fem. sg., formal)had to, panie musiay you (fem. pl, formal) had to.

musiaymy we (fem.) had to; pracowaymy we (fem.) worked. This-my ending does not affect the stress, which is still carried by thesyllable before the past tense -ymy or -limy ending.

The form for men and mixed groups of people plural past tense endsin -li, which can follow an e, so there is no need to change the vowel,as in the form for women: oni mieli they had to, were supposed to;oni musieli they had to. This form is also used for a mixed group.The we form for masculine and mixed groups is musielimy we(masc.) had to.

dom house, home; w domu in house = at home.

The -my ending can be detached in colloquial speech, and taggedon to the end of the first word of a sentence or question: wczorajmusielimy by w domu we had to be at home yesterday orwczorajmy musieli by w domu.

37(masc. pl., formal) were; co panowie tam robili? what were you(masc. pl., formal) doing there?

The masculine plural form of zajty busy is zajci with -c-: oni bylizajci they (masc.) were busy.

wszyscy everybody. This word takes a plural verb, so in Polish youare actually saying everybody were: wszyscy byli zajci everybodywas busy; czy panowie byli zajci wczoraj? were you busyyesterday? (asking a group of men formally).

The same masculine they ending is used after pastwo you, whenaddressing a mixed group of people formally: co pastwo wczorajrobili? what were you doing yesterday? gdzie panowie na ni czekali?where were you (masc. pl., formal) waiting / did you wait for her?

pastwo also means Mr and Mrs: pastwo Nowak / Nowakowie Mrand Mrs Nowak; czy pastwo Nowakowie byli wczoraj bardzo zajci?Were Mr and Mrs Nowak very busy yesterday?

CD8 Track 5The we form of the past tense has two forms, like the they form; itis formed by adding -my to the they form: one byy they (fem.)were; byymy we (fem.) were; oni byli they (masc.) were; bylimywe (masc. / mixed group) were; czytaymy we (fem.) were reading;kupilimy we (masc. / mixed group) bought.

na was for you (pl. inf.): nie czekalimy na was dugo not we (masc.)waited for you long = we didnt wait for you for a long time.

CD8 Track 6Verbs whose basic or to form ends in -e change the e to an abefore : on mia he had, has had; pan mia you (masc.) had, havehad, pani nie miaa you (fem.) didnt have, havent had.

dowiedzie si to make know oneself = to find out; pan sidowiedzia you (masc., formal) yourself made know = you found out,have found out; pani si dowiedziaa you (fem., formal) found out,have found out; jeszcze si nie dowiedziaam I (fem.) havent foundout yet.

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39Your guide to the Michel Thomas Method courses No books No writing Just confidence

Introductory course (2 CDs) First 2 hours of the Foundation course A taster of the Michel Thomas Method 14.99

Foundation course (8 CDs) 8-hour course for beginners Track listing 70.00

Advanced course (4 CDs) 5-hour follow-on to Foundation course Track listing 50.00

French, German, Italian, Spanish New languagesVocabulary course (5 CDs) Vocabulary course (4 CDs) Learn 1,000 words painlessly Learn hundreds of words

in 6 hours painlessly in 5 hours Track listing Track listing 30.00 40.00

CD8 Track 9To form the wy, you (pl. inf.), form in the present tense, add -cie tothe pan / pani, he / she / it form: (on) wraca (he) is returning;wracacie you (pl. inf.) are returning. The wy you (pl. inf.) form in thepast tense is formed by adding -cie (as in jestecie, you are) to thethey or you (pl. formal) past tense forms: one byy they (fem.)were; byycie you (fem. pl. inf.) were; panie musiay you (fem. pl.formal) had to; musiaycie you (fem. pl. inf.) had to; oni musielithey (masc.) had to; musielicie you (masc. pl. inf.) had to; oni robilithey (masc.) were doing; robilicie you (masc. pl. inf.) were doing.

The past tense of mc to may / can does not follow the patternabove. It belongs to a small group of verbs which base their pasttense forms on the present tense rather than the infinitive in thiscase on the I form, mog: remove the - ending and add the pasttense endings as usual. So ona moga she could; pani moga you(fem. sg., formal) could; mogam I (fem.) could; mogem I (masc.)could; one mogy they (fem.) could; oni mogli they (masc.) could;mogymy we (fem.) could; moglimy we (masc.) could; on mghe could; pan mg you (masc. sg., formal) could; on mg to kupihe could buy it.

CD8 Track 10naprawd really, indeed

gratulacje congratulations; gratulowa to congratulate; gratuluj Icongratulate; gratuluj panu / pani I congratulate to you (sg., formal)= I congratulate you

wracamy we return, are returning; jedziemy we go, are going (bytransport); wracamy niedugo, ale teraz jedziemy na wakacje we arereturning before long, but now we are going on holiday.

38


41Foundation Review course (2 CDs) 20

French ISBN: 978 0 340 92937 7German ISBN: 978 0 340 93895 9Italian ISBN: 978 0 340 93897 3Spanish ISBN: 978 0 340 93896 6

Advanced Review course (1 CD) 10


The Language Builders take the form of a one-to-one lecture with Michel Thomas, building on thewords and phrases in the Foundation and Advanced courses. The courses provide confidence inpronunciation, increase your word-power and consolidate your knowledge in just two hours.

Language Builders (2 CDs) 20


The Vocabulary courses carry forward the Michel Thomas Method teaching tradition and faithfullyfollow this unique approach to foreign language learning, with the all-audio and building-blockapproach.

Vocabulary courses: French, German, Italian, Spanish (5 CDs) 30


Vocabulary courses: new languages (4 CDs) 40

Arabic ISBN: 978 0 340 98323 2Mandarin ISBN: 978 0 340 98358 4Russian ISBN: 978 0 340 98324 9

Background reading

The Test of Courage is Michel Thomass thrilling biography. Written by acclaimed journalistChristopher Robbins, it tells the story of the worlds greatest language teacher and of how hisexperience at the hands of the Gestapo fuelled his passion for language teaching.

ISBN: 978 0340 81245 7; paperback; 9.99

In The Learning Revolution renowned instructional psychologist Dr Jonathan Solity draws onprofessional experience and lengthy discussions with Michel Thomas to explain how and why theMichel Thomas Method of language teaching works where so many others fail.

ISBN: 978 0340 92833 2; hardback; 19.99

40 The Michel Thomas Method product rangeIntroductory course (2 CDs*) 14.99Arabic ISBN: 978 0340 95728 8Dutch ISBN: 978 0340 97170 3French ISBN: 978 0340 78064 0German ISBN: 978 0340 78066 4Italian ISBN: 978 0340 78070 1Japanese ISBN: 978 0340 97458 2Mandarin ISBN: 978 0340 95722 6Polish ISBN: 978 0340 97518 3Portuguese ISBN: 978 0340 97166 6Russian ISBN: 978 0340 94842 2Spanish ISBN: 978 0340 78068 8

*These are the first 2 hours of the Foundation course.

Foundation course (8 CDs) 70Arabic ISBN: 978 0340 95727 1Dutch ISBN: 978 0340 97169 7French ISBN: 978 0340 93891 1German ISBN: 978 0340 93892 8Italian ISBN: 978 0340 93894 2Japanese ISBN: 978 0340 97457 5Mandarin ISBN: 978 0340 95726 4Polish ISBN: 978 0340 97517 6Portuguese ISBN: 978 0340 97167 3Russian ISBN: 978 0340 94841 5Spanish ISBN: 978 0340 93893 5

Advanced course (4 CDs) 50Arabic ISBN: 978 0340 95729 5Dutch ISBN: 978 0340 97171 0French ISBN: 978 0340 93898 0German ISBN: 978 0340 93913 0Italian ISBN: 978 0340 93900 0Japanese ISBN: 978 0340 97459 9Mandarin ISBN: 978 0340 95723 3Polish ISBN: 978 0340 97517 6Portuguese ISBN: 978 0340 97168 0Russian ISBN: 978 0340 94843 9Spanish ISBN: 978 0340 93899 7

In the Review courses you will hear only the voice of the teacher giving the English prompts andthe foreign language responses. As there are no students, there is no teaching of the languagestructures, and so these courses are ideal for the learner at home to check for areas causingdifficulty and to revisit the relevant teaching point in the Foundation or Advanced course.



4343The Michel Thomas Method Special Editions comprise:

The Foundation course on CD The Language Builder CD Sample hours from 2 other languages A CD wallet to store the course in Michel Thomas biography The Test of Courage

Special Editions 99French ISBN: 978 0 340 81402 4Italian ISBN: 978 0 340 81403 1Spanish ISBN: 978 0 340 88289 4

These Michel Thomas Method products are available from all goodbookshops and online booksellers.

To find out more, please get in touch with us

For general enquiries and for information about the MichelThomas Method:Call: 020 7873 6354 Fax: 020 7873 6325Email: [email protected]

To place an order:Call: 01235 400414 Fax: 01235 400454 Email: [email protected]

You can write to us at:Hodder Education, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH

Visit our forum at:www.michelthomas.co.uk


45Download and learn a new language anywhereNow you can download the Michel Thomas Method language coursesstraight to your PC or Mac. Add them to your personal audio playerand take them anywhere. They work with all models of iPod,Creative, Palm, other players, smartphones and other mobilephones: over 500 devices in all.

Listen as you travel, while you drive, or any time your ears are free but your hands are busy.

Four easy steps to download your Michel Thomas Course:

1. Browse by language or skill set and find your course2. Add to the shopping cart, register and purchase3. Install our quick and easy software4. Download and learn

Your purchase is quick and secure, guaranteed by Audible, theInternets largest provider of digital spoken-word audio.

For more information, visit www.audible.co.uk/michelthomas



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