MSE 3300-Lecture Note 01-Chapter 01 Introduction

8/18/2019 MSE 3300-Lecture Note 01-Chapter 01 Introduction

1/28

Chapter 1 -MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Lecture 1. Introduction

Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to do the following:1. What is Materials Science and Engineering?

2. List six different property classifications of materials

3. Cite the four components that are involved in the design, production,

and utilization of materials. Describe the interrelationships betweenthese components.

4. List the three primary classifications of solid materials

Reading

• Chapter 1: Introduction

Multimedia• What Is Materials Science?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bobe-r8VCho

1


2/28

Chapter 1 -MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015 2

Know Your Neighbors

• Tell about yourself to your neighbor: name,year (undergraduate, graduate), major,research areas, interests in this course and

others.

• Tell one thing that’s surprising about yourself.

• Introduce your neighbor to the class.


3/28


Chapter 1 - Introduction

• What is materials science?• Why should we know about it?

• Materials drive our society – Stone Age

– Bronze Age

– Iron Age

– Now?• Silicon Age?

• Polymer Age?


4/28


What is Materials Science and

Engineering?

4

• Materials science and engineering is concerned with the structure, properties,design, manufacture, and use of all classes of materials, including metals,ceramics, semiconductors, polymers, biomaterials, and nanomaterials and withenergy, environmental, health, economic, and manufacturing issues relating tomaterials.

Civilization

Stone ageBronze age

Iron age

Polymer ageSilicon age

Nanomaterials

Biomaterials

Metamaterials

Electronic Paper

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=du8u-y6xbLcbEM&tbnid=X1Mb9tVhruM-JM:&ved=0CAgQjRw4FA&url=http://www.acensemicon.com/&ei=1s9IU9XkIoWi2gWqt4HgBg&psig=AFQjCNEDpawEpBFnm42hbyRYsTxDs0aPBA&ust=1397367126633335http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=sL23382Mazig1M&tbnid=QSn00w5YE_qpWM:&ved=0CAgQjRw&url=http://www.nextnature.net/2012/10/modern-flint-tools/&ei=2s5IU5nkA4HN2AWni4CwCw&psig=AFQjCNEleJjEv18zJr9ZVKyiYxSU8d1qFQ&ust=1397366874117254


5/28


N ew m ateri a ls

that could cha ng e

our l ives in the

future


6/28



Engineering?

• What is Materials Science and MaterialsEngineering?

• Structure?

• Property?

6

Materials Science

Materials Engineering Materials Engineering

Four Components


7/28Chapter 1 -MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015


Engineering?

• What is Materials Science and MaterialsEngineering?

• Structure? Subatomic, atomic, microscopic, and

macroscopic• Property? Mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic,

optical, deteriorative (External stimuli – Response)

7

Materials Science

Materials Engineering Materials Engineering

Four Components


8/28Chapter 1 -MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015 8

ex: hardness vs structure of steel

• Properties depend on structure

Data obtained from Figs. 10.31(a) and10.32 with 4 wt% C composition, and fromFig. 11.15, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig. 10.19;(b) Fig. 9.30; (c) Fig. 10.33; and (d) Fig.10.21, Callister & Rethwisch 9e. (Figures10.19, 10.21, & 10.33 copyright 1971 by UnitedStates Steel Corporation. Figure 9.30 courtesyof Republic Steel Corporation.)

ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel• Processing can change structure

Structure, Processing, & Properties

H

a r d n e s s ( B H

N )

Cooling Rate (ºC/s)

100

2 00

3 00

4 00

5 00

6 00

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

(d)

30 μm (c)

4 μm

(b)

30 μm

(a)

30 μm

Properties Structure

Processing



1. Pick Application Determine required Properties

Processing: changes structure and overall shape ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping

forming, joining, annealing.

Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

Material: structure, composition.2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)

3. Material Identify required Processing

The Materials Selection Process


10/28Chapter 1 -MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015

Types of Materials

10



Features and Benefits:• Superior Edge Retention • Safe & Non-Conductive• Lightweight & Easy to Use • Rust-proof Available Colors:

• Charcoal Grey Handle and Blade


13/28



14/28


Types of Materials• Metals: Metallic elements (e.g., iron, aluminum, copper, gold,

silver, nickel) – Strong, ductile

– High thermal & electrical conductivity

– Opaque, reflective.

• Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding (carbon, hydrogen, andother nonmetallic elements) sharing of electrons – Soft, ductile, low strength, low density

– Thermal & electrical insulators

– Optically translucent or transparent.

• Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) – compounds of metallic& non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides) – Brittle, glassy, elastic

– Non-conducting (insulators)

Primarily based on chemical makeup and atomic structure


15/28


ELECTRICAL (Chap. 18)

• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:

• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.

Fig. 18.8, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.[Adapted from: J.O. Linde, Ann Physik 5, 219(1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson,Physics of Solids, 2nd edition, McGraw-HillCompany, New York, 1970.]

T (°C)-200 -100 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

R e s i s t i v i t y , ρ

( 1 0 - 8 O

h m - m )

0


16/28


THERMAL (Chap. 19)• Space Shuttle Tiles:

-- Silica fiber insulation

offers low heat conduction.

• Thermal Conductivity of Copper:

-- It decreases whenyou add zinc!

Fig. 19.4W, Callister 6e.(Courtesy of Lockheed Aerospace CeramicsSystems, Sunnyvale, CA)(Note: "W" denotes fig. is onCD-ROM.)

Fig. 19.4, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.[Adapted from Metals Handbook: Propertiesand Selection: Nonferrous alloys and Pure

Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker, (ManagingEditor), ASM International, 1979, p. 315.]

Composition (wt% Zinc)

T h e r m a l C o n d

u c t i v i t y

( W / m - K

)

400

300

200

100

00 10 20 30 40

100 μm

Chapter-openingphotograph, Chapter 17,Callister & Rethwisch 3e.(Courtesy of LockheedMissiles and SpaceCompany, Inc.)


17/28


MAGNETIC (Chap. 20)• Magnetic Permeability

vs. Composition:-- Adding 3 atomic % Si

makes Fe a betterrecording medium!

Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of EngineeringMaterials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9, 1973.Electronically reproduced by permission ofPearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River,New Jersey.

Fig. 20.23, Callister & Rethwisch 9e. (Courtesy of HGST, a Western Digital Company.)

• Magnetic Storage:

-- Recording mediumis magnetized byrecording head.

Magnetic Field

M a g n e t i z a t i o n Fe+3%Si

Fe


18/28


• Transmittance:

-- Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, oropaque depending on the material’s structure (i.e.,single crystal vs. polycrystal, and degree of porosity).

Fig. 1.2, Callister &Rethwisch 9e.(Specimen preparation,P.A. Lessing)

single crystalpolycrystal:no porosity

polycrystal:some porosity

OPTICAL (Chap. 21)


19/28


DETERIORATIVE

• Stress & Saltwater...

-- causes cracks!

Fig. 17.21, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.

(from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and Prevention,John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.)

• Heat treatment: slows

crack speed in salt water!

Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation andFracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, JohnWiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, BrownBoveri Co.)

“held at

160°

C for 1 hrbefore testing”

increasing load c r a c k s p e e d

( m / s ) “as-is”

10-10

10-8

Alloy 7178 tested in

saturated aqueous NaCl

solution at 23°C


20/28


Summary

1. What is Materials Science and Engineering?

2. Four components that are involved in the design,production, and utilization of materials.

3. Interrelationships between these components.

4. Three primary classifications of solid materials

5. Six different property classifications of materials

20


21/28


Questions

1. Write about you: your name, major, your year(undergraduate, graduate), research areas, or anythinghelpful to know about you

2. What are you confused about?

3. What would you like to learn from this course?

4. What are the topics of your interest in this course?

5. Any helpful comments.


22/28



23/28


ex:

• Properties depend on structure

ex:• Processing can change structure

Structure, Processing, & Properties


24/28


Example – Hip Implant

• With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate.

Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).

Adapted from Fig. 22.25, Callister 7e.


25/28



• Requirements

– mechanical

strength (manycycles)

– good lubricity

– biocompatibility



26/28





27/28


Hip Implant

• Key problems to overcome

– fixation agent to holdacetabular cup

– cup lubrication material

– femoral stem – fixing agent

– must avoid any debris in cup

FemoralStem

Ball

AcetabularCup and Liner

Adapted from chapter-opening photograph,Chapter 22, Callister 7e. (Photographcourtesy of Zimmer, Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA.)

E l D l N T f


28/28

Chapter 1MSE 3300 / 5300 UTA Spring 2015 28

Example – Develop New Types of

Polymers

• Commodity plastics – large volume ca. $0.50 / lbEx. PolyethylenePolypropylenePolystyreneetc.

• Engineering Resins – small volume > $1.00 / lbEx. Polycarbonate

NylonPolysulfoneetc.

Can polypropylene be “upgraded” to properties (and price) nearthose of engineering resins?

Documents

MSE 3300-Lecture Note 01-Chapter 01 Introduction