Unit 3: Ecological Organization

Mr. Chapman

Biology 20

What is Ecology? Up to this point, we have studied forms of

life, from viruses and bacteria to plants and animals. Now, it is time to see how all of these organisms interact with one another.

Ecology is the study of the interactions among living things, and between living things and their surroundings.

Ecology The word ecology comes from the Greek word “oikos,” which

means “house.” This wording makes sense if you think of the Earth as a home and all of its organisms as the inhabitants.

A German man named Ernst Haeckel coined the term ecology in 1866 to encourage biologists to study the way organisms interact.

Similarly to us in this class, biologists had previously been studying organisms as if they lived in isolation from one another.

Basics of Ecology The study of ecology is based in the fact that ALL

organisms have an affect on their surroundings. The surroundings can include the environment and other living organisms.

Similarly, the surroundings have an affect on ALL organisms that are within them. This interconnectedness forms a sort of web between ALL organisms and ALL of their surroundings.

Levels of Organization Ecologists study nature on different levels, from a

local to a global scale. These levels reveal the complex relationships found in nature.

Levels

• Organism – an organism is an individual living thing, such as an alligator.

• Population – A population is a group of the same species that lives in one area, such as all the alligators that live in a swamp.

Levels of Organization Community – A community is a group of

different species that live together in one area, such as groups of alligators, turtles, birds, fish, and plants that live together in the Florida Everglades.

Ecosystem – An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks, and other nonliving things in a given area.

Note: Ecosystems can vary in size. Some are large, and some can be very small. An entire ecosystem can consist of a decaying log, for example.

Levels of Organization Biome – A biome is a major regional or global

community of organisms. Biomes are usually characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there.

Ecologists study relationships within each level of organization and also between levels.

Levels of Organization

Ecological Research Methods There are three main

research methods that are used in the study of ecology: Observation, Experimentation, and Modelling.

In order to understand these, we are going to perform a mini jigsaw activity similar to the one we used in Forensics.

Groups for JigsawObservation Experimentation Modelling

Skyler April Callie

Dustin Jorden Allyssa

Ben Zack Kaylyn

Bailey Dylan Peter