Mpmc Lab Manual

GCET Dept of ECE

Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology

Cheeryal (v), Keesara (M), Ranga Reddy District.

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLERSLABORATORY MASTER MANUAL

for III ECE- II SEM

DEPARTMENT OFELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATOIN ENGINEERING

2014-2015

INCHARGE HOD

(M.Laxmi) (Dr.C.V.Narasimhulu)

1 | P a g eMPMC LAB MANUAL

DEPT OF ECE

Geethanjali College of Engineering and TechnologyCheeryal (v), Keesara (M), Ranga Reddy District.

…striving toward perfection

LABORATORY MANUALFOR

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLERS

Prepared by: Checked by: (M.Laxmi)

D.Venkat Rami Reddy

Approved by:Dr.C.Venkata Narasimhulu,HOD

Dept., of ECE

Revision No: 3 Date: 20/12/2014

MPMC LAB 2 | P a g e

DEPT OF ECE

GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF Electronics and Communication Engineering

(Name of the Subject ) : Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Course file(JNTU CODE - 55030 Programme : UG

Branch: ECE Version No : 3Year: III Document No. GCETSemester: II No. of pages :


DEPT OF ECE

Classification status (Unrestricted / Restricted ) : UnrestrictedDistribution List : Dept. Library, Dept Office, Concerned Faculty

Prepared by Updated by: 1) Name : M.Laxmi 1 ) Name : 2) Sign : 2) Sign : 3) Desg : Assoc. Professor. 3) Desg : 4) Date : 10-12--2013 4) Date :

Verified by : 1) Name :D.Venkat Rami Reddy 2) Sign : 3) Desg : Assoc. Professor 4) Date :

* For Q.C Only.1) Name :2) Sign : 3) Desg:4) Date :

Approved by : (HOD ) 1) Name :DrC.V.Narasimhulu 2) Sign : 3) Date :

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

III year B.Tech. ECE- I ISEM L T/P/D C 0 -/3/- 2(56606)MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB

List of Experiments

The following programs/experiments are written for assembler and execute the

same with8086 and 8051 kits

1. Programs for 16 bit arithmetic operations for 8086 (using various addressing

modes)


DEPT OF ECE

2. Program for sorting an array for 8086

3. Program for searching for a number or character in a string for 8086

4. Program for String manipulations for 8086

5. Program for digital clock design using 8086.

6. Interfacing ADC and DAC to 8086.

7. Parallel communication between two microprocessors using 8255.

8. Serial communication between two microprocessor kits using 8251.

9. Interfacing to 8086 and programming to control stepper motor.

10. Programming using arithmetic, logical and bit manipulation instructions of 8051

11. Program and verify Timer/Counter in 8051.

12. Program and verify interrupt handling in 8051.

13. UART operation in 8051.

14. Communication between 8051 kit and PC.

15. Interfacing LCD to 8051.

16. Interfacing matrix or keyboard to 8051.

17. Data transfer from peripheral to memory through DMA controller 8237/8257

Note: Minimum of 12 experiments to be conducted.

The Mission of the institute

Our mission is to become a high quality premier educational institution, to create technocrats, by ensuring excellence, through enriched knowledge, creativity and self development.

The Vision of the institute

Geethanjali visualizes dissemination of knowledge and skills to students, who would eventually contribute to the well being of the people of the nation and global community.

Vision of the Department


DEPT OF ECE

To impart quality technical education in Electronics and Communication Engineering

emphasizing analysis, design/synthesis and evaluation of hardware/embedded

software using various Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools with accent on

creativity, innovation and research thereby producing competent engineers who can

meet global challenges with societal commitment.

Mission of the Department

i. To impart quality education in fundamentals of basic sciences, mathematics,

electronics and communication engineering through innovative teaching-learning

processes.

ii. To facilitate Graduates define, design, and solve engineering problems in the

field of Electronics and Communication Engineering using various Electronic

Design Automation (EDA) tools.

iii. To encourage research culture among faculty and students thereby facilitating

them to be creative and innovative through constant interaction with R & D

organizations and Industry.

iv. To inculcate teamwork, imbibe leadership qualities, professional ethics and social responsibilities in students and faculty.

Program Educational Objectives of B. Tech (ECE) Program :

I. To prepare students with excellent comprehension of basic sciences,

mathematics and engineering subjects facilitating them to gain employment or

pursue postgraduate studies with an appreciation for lifelong learning.

II. To train students with problem solving capabilities such as analysis and

design with adequate practical skills wherein they demonstrate creativity and

innovation that would enable them to develop state of the art equipment and

technologies of multidisciplinary nature for societal development.

III. To inculcate positive attitude, professional ethics, effective communication

and interpersonal skills which would facilitate them to succeed in the chosen

profession exhibiting creativity and innovation through research and

development both as team member and as well as leader.


DEPT OF ECE

Program Outcomes of B.Tech ECE Program: 1. An ability to apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering to

solve complex engineering problems of Electronics and Communication

Engineering systems.

2. An ability to model, simulate and design Electronics and Communication

Engineering systems, conduct experiments, as well as analyze and interpret

data and prepare a report with conclusions.

3. An ability to design an Electronics and Communication Engineering system,

component, or process to meet desired needs within the realistic constraints

such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety,

manufacturability and sustainability.

4. An ability to function on multidisciplinary teams involving interpersonal skills.

5. An ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems of

multidisciplinary nature.

6. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities involved in the

practice of Electronics and Communication Engineering profession.

7. An ability to communicate effectively with a range of audience on complex

engineering problems of multidisciplinary nature both in oral and written form.

8. The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering

solutions in a global, economic, environmental and societal context.

9. A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning and

acquire the capability for the same.

10.A knowledge of contemporary issues involved in the practice of Electronics

and Communication Engineering profession

11.An ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools

necessary for engineering practice.

12.An ability to use modern Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools, software

and electronic equipment to analyze, synthesize and evaluate Electronics and

Communication Engineering systems for multidisciplinary tasks.

13.Apply engineering and project management principles to one's own work and also to manage projects of multidisciplinary nature.


DEPT OF ECE

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE STUDENTS:

1. Students are required to attend all labs.

2. Students will work in a group of two in hardware laboratories and individually in computer laboratories.

3. While coming to the lab bring the lab manual cum observation book, record etc.

4. Take only the lab manual, calculator (if needed) and a pen or pencil to the work area.


DEPT OF ECE

5. Before coming to the lab, prepare the prelab questions. Read through the lab experiment to familiarize yourself with the components and assembly sequence.

6. Utilize 3 hours time properly to perform the experiment and noting down the readings. Do the calculations, draw the graph and take signature from the instructor.

7. If the experiment is not completed in the prescribed time, the pending work has to be done in the leisure hour or extended hours.

8. You will be expected to submit the completed record book according to the deadlines set up by your instructor.

9. For practical subjects there shall be a continuous evaluation during the semester for 25 sessional marks and 50 end examination marks.

10. Of the 25 marks for internal, 15 marks shall be awarded for day-to-day work and 10 marks to be awarded by conducting an internal laboratory test.

INSTRUCTIONS TO LABORATORY TEACHERS:

1. Observation book and lab records submitted for the lab work are to be

checked and signed before the next lab session.

2. Students should be instructed to switch ON the power supply after the

connections are checked by the lab assistant / teacher.

3. The promptness of submission should be strictly insisted by awarding the

marks accordingly.

4. Ask viva questions at the end of the experiment.

5. Do not allow students who come late to the lab class.

6. Encourage the students to do the experiments innovatively.


DEPT OF ECE

MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

CYCLE-I (MICROPROCESSOR PROGRAMS)

1. Study of TASM

2 16-bit arithmetic Operations

3. Sorting an Array

4. Searching for Character in a String

5. Sting Manipulations

6. Digital Clock Design


DEPT OF ECE

7. Interfacing DAC

8. Interfacing ADC

CYCLE-II (MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMS)

9. Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation operations

10. Timer/Counters operations

11. Interrupt Handling

12. UART Operation

13. LCD Interfacing

14. Interfacing Matrix keyboard

CYCLE-III (ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS USING KEIL)

15 Serial Transmission from PC to 8051uc

16. Port Programming of 8051

CYCLE-IV (DESIGN & OPEN EXPERIMENTS)MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB

INDEX

SL.No. NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE No.

CYCLE -I0 Study of TASM/MASM 12

1 16-bit arithmetic Operations 22

2 Sorting an Array 55

3 Searching for Character in a String 61


DEPT OF ECE

4 Sting Manipulations 65

5 Digital Clock Design 72

6 Interfacing DAC 75

7 Interfacing ADC 79

8 Serial communication between two 8086 microprocessors 83

9 Interfacing stepper motor 93

CYCLE-II

Introduction to 8051 99

10 Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation operations 108

11 Timers and Counters 114

12 Interrupt Handling 116

CYCLE-3 (ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS USING KEIL)119

Introduction to KEIL µ vision 120

13 Timer operation of 8051 in different modes to produce square wave.

107

14 Reading & writing data from/to 8051 ports 112

CYCLE-4 (DESIGN & OPEN EXPERIMENTS)


DEPT OF ECE

STUDY OF MASM

Introduction:

The aim of this laboratory is to introduce the student to assembly language programming and tools that she will need throughout the lab experiments.

Objectives:

1. Introduction to Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM)

2. General structure of an assembly language program

3. Use of the Dos Debugger program

Overview:

In general, programming of microprocessor usually takes several iterations before the right sequence of machine code instruction is written. The process, however is facilitated using a


DEPT OF ECE

special program called an “Assembler”. The Assembler allows the user to write alphanumeric instructions. The Assembler, in turn, generates the desired machine instructions from the assembly language instructions.

Assembly language programming consists of following steps:

STEP PRODUCES

1 Editing Source file

2 Assembling Object file

3 Linking Executable file

4 Executing Results

Assembling the program:

The assembler is used to convert the assembly language instructions to machine code. It is used immediately after writing the Assembly language program. The assembler starts checking the syntax or validity of the structure of each instruction in the source file .if any errors are found, the assembler displays a report on these errors along with brief explanation of their nature. However If the program doesn’t contain any errors, the assembler produces an object file that has the same name as the original file but with the “.obj” extension.

Linking the program:

The Linker is used convert the object file to an executable file. The executable file is the final set of machine code instructions that can directly be executed by the microprocessor. It is the different than the object file in the sense that it is self-contained and re-locatable. An object file may represent one segment of a long program. This segment cannot operate by itself, and must be integrated with other object files representing the rest of the program, in order to produce the final self-contained executable file In addition to the executable file; the linker can also generate a special file called the “map” file this file contains information about the start, end, length of the stack, code, and data segments it also lists the entry point of the program.

Executing the program

The executable file contains the machine language code .it can be loaded in the RAM and executed by the microprocessor simply by typing, from the DOS prompt ,the name of the file followed by the carriage Return Key (Enter Key). If the program produces an output on the screen or sequence of control signals to control a piece of hard ware, the effect should be noticed almost immediately. However, if the program manipulates data in memory, nothing would seem to have happened as a result of executing the program.

Debugging the program

The debugger can also be used to find logical errors in the program. Even if a program does not contain syntax errors it may not produce the desired results after execution. Logical errors may be found by tracing the action of the program. once found, the source file should be rewrite to fix the problem, then the re-assembled and re-linked. A special program called the debugger is designed for that purpose. The debugger allows the user to trace the action of the program, by single stepping through the program or executing the program up to a


DEPT OF ECE

desired point, called break point. It also allows the user to inspect or change the contents of the microprocessor internal registers or the contents of any memory location.

The DOS -Debugger:

The DOS “Debug” program is an example of simple debugger that comes with MS-DOS. Hence it is available on any PC .it was initially designed to give the user the capability to trace logical errors in executable file. It allows the user to take an existing executable file and unassembled it, i.e. convert it to assembly language. Also, it allows the user to write assembly language instructions directly, and then convert them to machine language. The program is simple and easy to use, but offers limited capabilities, which make it unsuitable for serious assembly language programming. Below, are the summarized basic DOS - Debugger commands.

COMMAND SYNTAX

Assemble A [address]

Compare C range address

Dump D [range]

Enter E address [list]

Fill F range list

Go G [=address] [addresses]

Hex H value1 value2

Input I port

Load L[address] [drive][first sector][number]

Move M range address

Name N[pathname][argument list]

Output O port byte

Proceed P [=address][number]

Quit Q

Register R[register]

Search S range list

Trace T [=address][value]

Unassembled u [range]

Write W [address}[drive][first sector][number]

MS-MASM:

Microsoft’s Macro Assembler (MASM) is an integrated software package Written by Microsoft Corporation for professional software developers. it consists of an editor, an


DEPT OF ECE

assembler, a linker and a debugger(Code View). The programmer’s workbench combines these four parts into a user-friendly programming environment with built in on line help. The following are the steps used if you are to run MASM from DOS

COMMAND FILE NAME

1 Edit, any editor will do Name.asm

2 Masm Filename Name.obj

3 Filename

A.1 The Assembly Language Process Using the Command line

The following section explains how to assemble and link a file using the command line from a DOS window. The steps are:

1. Create or edit the source code (.asm file) using any ASCII text editor. Warning the file must be saved in an ASCII format - some editors like 'winword', or 'word' store the file by default in a binary format. To save as an ASCII format in some of the Microsoft editors, select output type as *.TXT but specify the full file name as

myfile.asm

(the .asm extension should be used for assembly language files).

2. Invoke the masm program to assemble the file and produce a .obj file and optionally, a .lst file.

3. Invoke the link program to produce a .exe program (or a .com program via a command line argument).

Assume we have an assembly language file called test.asm that has been saved in ASCII format.

Open a DOS window. To assemble the file, change to the directory where the file is via the 'cd'

command, and type:

C:\> masm test

If assembly is successful, this will produce a file called test.obj. If errors are present,the syntax errors with line numbers will be displayed. You can also produce a listing file (.lst) which shows opcodes for all instructions via:

C:\> masm test,test, test

It is a good idea to always create a .lst file output. A .exe file must be created from the .obj file via the link program. Type:

C:\> link test

You will be prompted for file names for the Run file, List file, libraries, and Definitions file. Just hitting <enter> for each choice will use the defaults. This will produce a test.exe file which can then be executed. You can also produce the .exe file with no prompting from the link program via:


DEPT OF ECE

C:\> link test,,,,,

Use 5 commas after filename (test) to provide defaults for all other choices.

Using the command line for masm/link is probably the easiest thing to do, if you are only assembling/linking one source file. Most of your labs will only consist of one source file.

MICROPROCESSOR LAB EXECUTION PROCEDURE

STEP1: Opening DOS prompt

Click on start menu button and click on Run and then type Cmd at command prompt DOS window will be appeared

STEP2: checking the masm installation

To know MASM is installed or not simply type masm at the command prompt Upon that it replies masm version vendor (Microsoft), etc... If u get any error there is no masm in that PC

STEP3: directory changing (create a folder with your branch and not in C drive) Change the current directory to your own directory suppose your folder in D drive type the following commands to change the directory at command prompt type D: hit enter, now you are in D drive type cd folder name hit the enter

Ex. D cd eee10

Now we are in folder eee10

STEP4: writing the program

At the command prompt type the edit program name.asm

Ex. Edit add.asm

Immediately editor window will be opened. Type the program in that window. After completion, save the program. To save the program, go to file opt in the menu bar and select save opt now your code is ready to assemble.

STEP5: assembling, linking and executing the program

Go to file opt & click exit opt. Now DOS prompt will be displayed ,to assemble the program type the following commands at the DOS prompt masm program name, program name, program name hit the enter

Ex. Masm add,add,add enter

If there are any errors in the program assembler reports all of them at the command prompt with line no’s, if there are no bugs you are ready to link the program. To link the program type the following line at command prompt

Link programname,,,,, (5 commas)

Ex. Link add,,,,,

After linking to execute the program type the following command


DEPT OF ECE

Debug programname.exe hit the enter

Ex. Debug add.exe

To execute the program, instruction by instruction (debugging) first of all press the r key(register) hit the enter key, it’ll displays all the registers and their initial values in HEXADECIMAL note down the values of all the register which are used in the program. To execute the next instruction press t key (TRACE) hit the enter it’ll execute that instruction and displays the contents of all the register. You have to do this until you reach the last instruction of the program. After execution you have to observe the results (in memory or registers based on what you have written in the program).

STEP6: copying list file (common for all programs):

A list file contains your code starting address and end address along with your program For every program assembler generates a list file at your folder,

Program name.lst

(ex. Add.lst) you should copy this to your lab observation

Opening a list file

Edit program name.lst

Ex. Edit add.lst

8086 ARCHITECTURE:


DEPT OF ECE

PIN DIAGRAM:


DEPT OF ECE

8086 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY:The following is a brief summary of the 8086 instruction set:Data Transfer InstructionsMOV : Move byte or word to register or memoryIN, OUT : Input byte or word from port, output word to portLEA : Load effective addressLDS, LES : Load pointer using data segment, extra segmentPUSH, POP : Push word onto stack, pop word off stackXCHG : Exchange byte or wordXLAT : Translate byte using look-up tableLogical InstructionsNOT : Logical NOT of byte or word (one's complement)AND : Logical AND of byte or word


DEPT OF ECE

OR : Logical OR of byte or wordXOR : Logical exclusive-OR of byte or wordTEST : Test byte or word (AND without storing)

Shift and Rotate InstructionsSHL, SHR : Logical shift left, right byte or word by 1 or CLSAL, SAR : Arithmetic shift left, right byte or word by 1 or CLROL, ROR : Rotate left, right byte or word by 1 or CLRCL, RCR : Rotate left, right through carry byte or word by 1 or CL

Arithmetic InstructionsADD, SUB : Add, subtract byte or wordADC, SBB : Add, subtract byte or word and carry (borrow)INC, DEC : Increment, decrement byte or wordNEG : Negate byte or word (two's complement)CMP : Compare byte or word (subtract without storing)MUL, DIV : Multiply, divide byte or word (unsigned)IMUL, IDIV : Integer multiply or divide byte or word (signed)CBW, CWD : Convert byte to word, word to double word (useful before

multiply/divide)AAA, AAS, AAM, AAD: ASCII adjust for addition, subtraction, multiplication,

division (ASCII codes 30-39)DAA, DAS : Decimal adjust for addition, subtraction (binary coded

decimal numbers)

Transfer InstructionsJMP : Unconditional jumpJA (JNBE) : Jump if above (not below or equal)JAE (JNB) : Jump if above or equal (not below)JB (JNAE) : Jump if below (not above or equal)JBE (JNA) : Jump if below or equal (not above)JE (JZ) : Jump if equal (zero)JG (JNLE) : Jump if greater (not less or equal)JGE (JNL) : Jump if greater or equal (not less)JL (JNGE) : Jump if less (not greater nor equal)JLE (JNG) : Jump if less or equal (not greater)JC, JNC : Jump if carry set, carry not setJO, JNO : Jump if overflow, no overflowJS, JNS : Jump if sign, no signJNP (JPO) : Jump if no parity (parity odd)


DEPT OF ECE

JP (JPE) : Jump if parity (parity even)LOOP : Loop unconditional, count in CXLOOPE (LOOPZ) : Loop if equal (zero), count in CXLOOPNE (LOOPNZ) : Loop if not equal (not zero), count in CXJCXZ : Jump if CX equals zero

Subroutine and Interrupt InstructionsCALL, RET : Call, return from procedureINT, INTO : Software interrupt, interrupt if overflowIRET : Return from interrupt

String InstructionsMOVS : Move byte or word stringMOVSB, MOVSW : Move byte, word stringCMPS : Compare byte or word stringSCAS : Scan byte or word stringLODS, STOS : Load, store byte or word stringREP : RepeatREPE, REPZ : Repeat while equal, zeroREPNE, REPNZ : Repeat while not equal (zero)

Processor Control InstructionsSTC, CLC, CMC : Set, clear, complement carry flagSTD, CLD : Set, clear direction flagSTI, CLI : Set, clear interrupt enable flagLAHF, SAHF : Load AH from flags, store AH into flagsPUSHF, POPF : Push flags onto stack, pop flags off stackESC : Escape to external processor interfaceLOCK : Lock bus during next instructionNOP : No operation (do nothing)WAIT : Wait for signal on TEST inputHLT : Halt processor


DEPT OF ECE

CYCLE-I


DEPT OF ECE

PROCEDURE FOR SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING

1. Go to Start.2. Click on Run. 3. Then Type on CMD and click “ok”.4. Press f and [shift]+: and ↵5. Type “cd tasm” and ↵ 6. To write a new program type

NE filename.asm ↵Then write the program.

7. To save the program, press “F3” + E.8. To check errors

TASM filename9. For Turbo linking

Tlink filename10.For Turbo Debugging

Td filename It shows a message i.e. program has no symbol table and press “ok”.

11.For step by step execution press “F7” upto HLT.

12.To see the result go to “View” and then to “Dump”.

13.To exit the file click on “File” and then on “Quit”. (or alt + x)


DEPT OF ECE

EXPERIMENT NO.1

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS IN 8086

I.ADDITION OF TWO 16-BIT NUMBERS

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program for performing addition of two 16-bit signed and unsigned numbers.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: TASM TURBO ASSEMBLER.

PROGRAM:

ASSUME CS: CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX, DATAMOV DS, AXMOV AX,OPR1ADD AX,OPR2MOV RES,AXHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTOPR1 DW 4269HOPR2 DW 1000HRES DW ?DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:

ADDRESS OPCODE OPERATION COMMENTS

0000 B88E4E MOV AX,4E8E INITIALIZATION OF DATA SEGMENT0003 8ED8 MOV DS,AX

0005 A10000 MOV AX,[0000]THE VALUE IN [0000] IS

MOVED TO AX

0008 03060200 ADD AX,[0002]THE VALUE IN [0002] IS

ADDED TO AX

000C A30400 MOV [0004],AXTHE VALUE IN AX IS

MOVED TO [0004]

000F F4 HLT END OF PROGRAM

FLOW CHART:


START

INITIALIZATION OF DATA SEGMENT

AXOPR1

AXAX+OPR2RESAX

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:

FLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=1, a=0, i=1, d=0.

INPUT: OPR1 = 4269H OPR2 = 1000H

OUTPUT: RES = 5269H

SIGNED NUMBERSFLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=1, s=0, z=0, o=1, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.

INPUT: OPR1 = 9763H OPR2 = A973H

OUTPUT: RES = 40D6H

OUTCOME:This program helps to find the addition of two 16-bit numbers.UNSIGNED NUMBERS


DEPT OF ECE

II.SUBTRACTION OF TWO 16-BIT NUMBERS

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to perform subtraction of two 16-bit signed and unsigned numbers.


PROGRAM: ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AX,OPR1MOV BX,OPR2SUB AX,BXMOV RES,AXHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTOPR1 DW 4269HOPR2 DW 1000HRES DW ?DATA ENDSENDOPCODE:


0000 B88E4E MOV AX,4E8E INITIALIZATION OF DATA SEGMENT0003 8ED8 MOV DS,AX


MOVED TO AX

0008 2B060200 SUB AX,[0002]THE VALUE IN [0002] IS SUBTRACTED FROM AX

000C A30400 MOV [0004],AXTHE VALUE IN AX IS

MOVED TO [0004]

000F F4 HLT END OF PROGRAM


DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:

RESULT:FLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=1, a=0, i=1, d=0.


OUTPUT: RES = 3269H

SIGNED NUMBERSFLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=1, a=0, i=1, d=0.


OUTPUT: RES = 0DF0H

OUTCOME:This program helps to find the subtraction of two 16-bit numbers

UNSIGNED NUMBERS


START


AXOPR1

AXAX-OPR2RESAX

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

III.MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 16-BIT UNSIGNED NUMBERS

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to perform multiplication of two 16-bit unsigned numbers.


PROGRAM: ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AX,OPR1MUL OPR2MOV RESLW,AXMOV RESHW,DXHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTOPR1 DW 2000HOPR2 DW 4000HRESLW DW ?RESHW DW ?DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:


0000 B88E4E MOV AX,4E8EINITIALIZATION OF DATA

SEGMENT0003 8ED8 MOV DS,AX

0005 A10000 MOV AX,[0000]THE VALUE IN [0000] IS MOVED

TO AX

0008F726020

0MUL WORD PTR

[0002]THE VALUE IN [0002] IS

MULTIPLIED BY AX

000C A30400 MOV [0004],AXTHE VALUE IN AX IS MOVED

TO [0004]

000F 89160600 MOV [0006],DXTHE VALUE IN DX IS MOVED

TO [0006]

0013 F4 HLT END OF PROGRAM


DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:

RESULT:



OUTPUT: RESLW = 0000H (AX) RESHW = 0800H (DX)

OUTCOME:This program helps to find the multiplication of two 16-bit numbers


START


AXOPR1

AXAX*OPR2RESLWAXRESHWDX

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

IV.MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 16-BIT SIGNED NUMBERS

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to perform multiplication of two 16-bit signed numbers.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: TASM TURBO ASSEMBLER

PROGRAM: ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AX,OPR1IMUL OPR2MOV RESLW,AXMOV RESHW,DXHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTOPR1 DW 7593HOPR2 DW 6845HRESLW DW ?RESHW DW ?DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:


0000 B88F4E MOV AX,4E8FINITIALIZATION OF DATA



TO AX

0008 F72E0200IMULWORD PTR

[0002]THE VALUE IN [0002] IS ADDED

TO AX

000C A30400 MOV [0004],AXTHE VALUE IN AX IS MOVED

TO [0004]

000F 89160600 MOV [0006],DXTHE VALUE IN DX IS MOVED

TO [0006]



DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:


START


SIGNED MULTIPICATION OF

AX & OPR1

AXAX*OPR2RESLWAXRESHWDX

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:

CASE I: Two positive numbersFLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=1, s=0, z=0, o=1, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.


OUTPUT: RESLW = 689FH (AX) RESHW = 2FE3H (DX)

CASE II: one positive number & one negative numberFLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=1, s=0, z=0, o=1, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.

INPUT: OPR1 = 8A6DH 2’s Complement of (-7593H) OPR2 = 6845H

OUTPUT: RESLW = 9761H (AX) 2’s Complement RESHW = D01CH (DX) of (- 2FE3689FH)

CASE III: two negative numbersFLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=1, s=0, z=0, o=1, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.

INPUT: OPR1 = 8A6DH 2’s Complement of (-7593H) OPR2 = 97BBH 2’s Complement of (-6845H)

OUTPUT: RESLW = 689FH (AX) RESHW = 2FE3H (DX)

OUTCOME:This program helps to find the multiplication of two 16-bit signed numbers


DEPT OF ECE

V.DIVISION OF UNSIGNED NUMBERS

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to perform division of 16-bit unsigned number by 8-bit unsigned number.


PROGRAM: ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AX,OPR1DIV OPR2MOV RESQ,ALMOV RESR,AHHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTOPR1 DW 2C58HOPR2 DB 56HRESQ DB ?RESR DB ?DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:





TO AX

0008F636020

0DIV BYTE PTR


TO AX

000C A20300 MOV [0003],ALTHE VALUE IN AL IS MOVED TO

[0003]

000F 88260400 MOV [0004],AHTHE VALUE IN AH IS MOVED

TO [0004]



DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:

RESULT:


INPUT: OPR1 = 2C58H (DIVIDEND) OPR2 = 56H (DIVISOR)

OUTPUT: RESQ = 84H (AL) RESR = 00H (AH)

OUTCOME:This program helps to find the division of two 16-bit unsigned numbers


START


DIVISION OF AX BY OPR2

AXAX/OPR2RESQALRESRAH

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

VI. DIVISION OF SIGNED NUMBERS

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to perform division of 16-bit signed number by 8-bit signed number.


PROGRAM:

ASSUME CS: CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AX,OPR1IDIV OPR2MOV RESQ,ALMOV RESR,AHHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTOPR1 DW 26F8HOPR2 DB 0AAHRESQ DW ?RESR DW ?DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:





TO AX

0008 F63E0200IDIV BYTE PTR


TO AX

000C A20300 MOV [0003],ALTHE VALUE IN AL IS MOVED

TO [0003]

000F 88260400 MOV [0004],AHTHE VALUE IN AH IS MOVED

TO [0004]



DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:


START


SIGNED DIVISION OF AX BY OPR1

AXAX/OPR2RESQALRESRAH

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:

CASE I: two positive numbersFLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=1, i=1, d=0.

INPUT: OPR1 = 26F8H (DIVIDEND) OPR2 = 56H (DIVISOR)

OUTPUT: RESQ = 74H (AL) RESR = 00H (AH)

CASE II: one positive number & one negative numberFLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=1, i=1, d=0.

INPUT: OPR1 = D908H 2’s Complement of (-26F8H) OPR2 = 56H

OUTPUT: RESQ = 8CH (AL) 2’s Complement of (- 74H) RESR = 00H (AH)

CASE III: one positive number & one negative number FLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=1, i=1, d=0.

INPUT: OPR1 = 26F8H OPR2 = AAH 2’s Complement of (-56H)

OUTPUT: RESQ = 8CH (AL) 2’s Complement of (- 74H) RESR = 00H (AH)

OUTCOME:This program helps to find the division of two 16-bit unsigned numbers


DEPT OF ECE

VII.ASCII ADDITION

OBJECTIVE: To write an ALP to perform the addition of two ASCII bytes.


PROGRAM: ASSUME CS: CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AH,00HMOV AL,CHARADD AL,CHAR1AAAMOV RES,AXHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTCHAR DB '8'CHAR1 DB '6'RES DW ?DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:




0005 B400 MOV AH,00 00H IS STORED IN AH

0007 A00000 MOV AL,[0000]THE VALUE IN [0000] IS

MOVED TO AL

000A 02060100 ADD AL,[0001]THE VALUE IN [0001] IS

ADDED TO AL

000E 37 AAAASCII ADJUST AFTER

ADDITION

000F A30200 MOV [0002],AXTHE VALUE IN AX IS

MOVED TO [0002]



DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:

RESULT:


INPUT: CHAR = ‘8’ CHAR1 = ‘6’

OUTPUT: RES = 0104 (AX) unpacked BCD of 14

OUTCOME: This program helps to perform the addition of two ASCII bytes.


START


AH00AlCHAR

ALAL+CHAR1 ASCII adjust for addition

RESAX

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

VIII. ASCII SUBTRACTION

OBJECTIVE: To write an ALP to perform the subtraction of two ASCII bytes.


PROGRAM: ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AH,00HMOV AL,CHARSUB AL,CHAR1AASMOV RES,AXHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTCHAR DB '9'CHAR1 DB '5'RES DW ?DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:






MOVED TO AL

000A 2A060100 SUB AL,[0001]THE VALUE IN [0001] IS SUBTRACTED FROM AL

000E 3F AASASCII ADJUST AFTER

SUBTRACTION


MOVED TO [0002]



DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:


START


AH00ALCHAR

ALAL-CHAR1 ASCII adjust for subtraction

RESAX

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:

CASE I:FLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.


OUTPUT: RES = 0004 (AX)

CASE II:FLAGS:Before execution, c=0, s=0, z=0, o=0, p=0, a=0, i=1, d=0.After execution, c=1, s=1, z=0, o=0, p=1, a=1, i=1, d=0.


OUTPUT: RES = FF06 (AX) 2’s Complement of (-4)

OUTCOME: This program helps to perform the subtraction of two ASCII bytes.


DEPT OF ECE

IX. ASCII MULTIPLICATION

OBJECTIVE: To write an ALP to perform the multiplication of two ASCII bytes.


PROGRAM: ASSUME CS: CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AH,00MOV AL,NUM1MUL NUM2AAMMOV RES,AXHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTNUM1 DB 09NUM2 DB 05RES DW ?DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:






MOVED TO AL

000A F6260100MUL BYTE PTR

[0001]THE VALUE IN [0001] IS

MULTIPLIED BY AL

000E D40A AAMASCII ADJUST AFTER

MULTIPLCATION


MOVED TO [0002]



DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:

RESULT:


INPUT: NUM1 = 09 NUM2 = 05

OUTPUT: RES = 0405 (AX) unpacked BCD of 45.

OUTCOME: This program helps to perform the multiplication of two ASCII bytes.


START


AH00ALNUM1

ALAL*NUM2ASCII adjust for multiplication

RESAX

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

X.ASCII DIVISION

OBJECTIVE: To write an ALP to perform the division of two ASCII numbers.


PROGRAM:ASSUME CS: CODE, DS: DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AX,DIVIDENDAADMOV CH,DIVISORDIV CHMOV RESQ,ALMOV RESR,AHHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTDIVIDEND DW 0607HDIVISOR DB 09HRESQ DB ?RESR DB ?DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:





MOVED TO AX

0008 D50A AADASCII ADJUST FOR

DIVIDION

000A 8A2E0200 MOV CH,[0002]THE VALUE IN [0002] IS

MOVED TO CH

000E F6F5 DIV CH AX IS DIVIDED BY CH

0010 A20300 MOV [0003],ALTHE VALUE IN AL IS

MOVED TO [0003]

0013 88260400 MOV [0002],AHTHE VALYE IN AH IS

MOVED TO [0004]



DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:


START


AXDIVIDEND ASCII Adjust for Division

CHDIVISOR

AXAX/CHRESQAL, RESRAH

STOP

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:


INPUT: DIVIDEND = 0607H unpacked BCD of 67 DIVISOR = 09H

OUTPUT: RESQ = 07 (AL) RESR = 04 (AH)

VIVA QUESTIONS :

1) How many bit 8086 microprocessor is?

2) What is the size of data bus of 8086?

3) What is the size of address bus of 8086?

4) What is the max memory addressing capacity of 8086?

5) Which are the basic parts of 8086?

OUTCOME: This program helps to perform the division of two ASCII bytes.


DEPT OF ECE

EXPERIMENT NO.2

PROGRAM FOR SORTING AN ARRAY FOR 8086

I.ASCENDING ORDER

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to arrange the given numbers in ascending order.


PROGRAM:

ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENT

MOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV DX,COUNT-1

BACK:MOV CX,DXMOV SI,OFFSET LIST

AGAIN:MOV AX,[SI]CMP AX,[SI+2]JC GOXCHG AX,[SI+2]XCHG AX,[SI]

GO:INC SIINC SILOOP AGAINDEC DXJNZ BACKHLT

CODE ENDSDATA SEGMENT

LIST DW 05H,04H,01H,03H,02HCOUNT EQU 05H

DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:


START


DXCOUNT-1

BACK : CXDX

SIOFFSET ADDRESS OF LIST

IF AX < [SI+2]

AGAIN: AX[SI]

TRUE

EXCHANGE [SI] &[SI+2]

INCREMENT SI BY 2

DECREMENT DX

IF CX=0

IF DX=0

STOP

FALSE

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:

INPUT: LIST (DS: 0000H) = 05H,04H,01H,03H,02H

OUTPUT: LIST (DS: 0000H) = 01H,02H,03H,04H,05H

OUTCOME: This program helps to arrange the given numbers in ascending order.


DEPT OF ECE

II. DESCENDING ORDEROBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to arrange the given numbers in descending order.


PROGRAM: ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENT

MOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV DX,COUNT-1

BACK:MOV CX,DXMOV SI,OFFSET LIST

AGAIN:MOV AX,[SI]CMP AX,[SI+2]JNC GOXCHG AX,[SI+2]XCHG AX,[SI]

GO:INC SIINC SILOOP AGAINDEC DXJNZ BACK

HLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENT

LIST DW 03H,04H,01H,05H,02HCOUNT EQU 05H

DATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:


START


DXCOUNT-1

BACK : CXDX

SIOFFSET ADDRESS OF LIST

IF AX > [SI+2]

AGAIN: AX[SI]

TRUE

EXCHANGE [SI] &[SI+2]

INCREMENT SI BY 2

DECREMENT DX

IF CX=0

IF DX=0

STOP

FALSE

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:

INPUT: LIST (DS: 0000H) = 03H, 04H,01H,05H,02H

OUTPUT: LIST (DS: 0000H) = 05H, 04H, 03H,02H,01H

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1) What are the functions of BIU?

2) What are the functions of EU?

3) How many pin IC 8086 is?

4) What IC8086 is?

5) What is the size of instruction queue in 8086?

OUTCOME: This program helps to arrange the given numbers in descending order


DEPT OF ECE

EXPERIMENT NO.3

PROGRAM FOR SEARCHING FOR A NUMBER/CHARACTER IN A STRING FOR 8086

SEARCHING FOR A NUMBER

OBJECTIVE: To find whether the given byte is in given string or not & find its relative address


PROGRAM:ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXLEA SI,LISTXOR BL,BLMOV CL,COUNTMOV AL,BYTBACK:CMP AL,[SI]JZ SKIPINC BXINC SILOOP BACKSKIP:HLTCODE ENDS DATA SEGMENTLIST DB 19H,99H,45H,46H,34HCOUNT DB 05HBYT DB 45HDATA ENDSEND


DEPT OF ECE

OPCODE:

ADDRESS

OPPCODE OPERATIONS COMMENTS

0000 B8974E MOV AX,4E97 INITIALIZATION OF DATA


0005 BE0000 MOV SI,[0000]THE VALUE

[0000] IS MOVED TO SI

0008 32DB XOR BL,BLTHE REGISTER BL IS CLEARED

000A 8A0E0500 MOV CL,[0005]THE VALUE

[0005] IS MOVED TO CL

000E A00600MOV AL,[0006]

THE VALUE [0006] IS MOVED

TO AL

0011 3A04CMP AL,SI

COMPARE THE VALUE OF SI

WITHAL0013 7404 JE 0019 JUMP TO 0019

0015 43 INC BXINCREMENT BX

BY ONE

0016 46 INC SIINCREMENT SI

BY ONE

0017 E2F8 LOOP 0011LOOP BACK TO

0011

0019 F4 HLTEND OF THE PROGRAM


DEPT OF ECE

YES

NO

NO

YES


IfCL=0

AL,00H CL,00HSI, OFFSET STR

Increment CL Increment SI

IF AL<[SI]

LENGTHCL

START


IfCL=0

ALBYTE CLCOUNT, BX=00SI, OFFSET LIST

Increment BX Increment SI

Decrement CL

STOP

IF AL=[SI]

NOP

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:

GIVEN DATA:N=19H,99H,45H,46H,34HBYTE= 45H

FLAGS:INITIALLY: C=0,Z=0,S=0,O=0,P=0,A=0,I=1,D=0AFTER EXECUTION: C=0,Z=1,S=0,O=0,P=1,A=0,I=1,D=0

OUTPUT: RES: 45HADDRESS: BX----0002

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1) What is the size of instruction queue in 8086?

2) Which are the registers present in 8086?

3) What do you mean by pipelining in 8086?

4) How many 16 bit registers are available in 8086?

5) Specify addressing modes for any instruction?

OUTCOME: This program helps find whether the given byte is in given string or not with its relative address


DEPT OF ECE

EXPERIMENT NO.4

PROGRAM FOR STRING MANIPULATIONS FOR 8086

I. LENGTH OF THE STRING

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to find the length of the given string.


PROGRAM:

ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AL,’$’MOV CX,00HMOV SI,OFFSET STR1BACK:CMP AL,[SI]JE GOINC CLINC SIJMP BACKGO:MOV LENGTH,CLHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTSTR1 DB ‘GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY$’LENGTH DB ?DATA ENDS END


DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:


START


Unconditional Jump

AL24H CL00HSI OFFSET ADDRESS OF STR1

Increment CL Increment SI

STOP

AL=[SI]

LENGTHCL

FALSE

TRUE

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:

INPUT: STR (DS:0000H) = GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY OUTPUT: LENGTH =

OUTCOME: This program helps to find the length of the given string.


DEPT OF ECE

II. DISPLAY THE STRING

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to display the given string.(DOS PROGRAMMING)


PROGRAM: ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV AH,09HMOV DX,OFFSET MSGINT 21HMOV AH,4CHINT 21HCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTMSG DB 0DH,0AH,"WELCOME TO MICROPROCESSORS LAB",0DH,0AH,"$" DATA ENDSEND

Output: WELCOME TO MICROPROCESSORS LAB

Learning outcomes: This program helps to display the given string.


DEPT OF ECE

III.REVERSE THE STRING

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to reverse the given string.


PROGRAM:

ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATACODE SEGMENTMOV AX,DATAMOV DS,AXMOV CL,COUNTMOV SI,OFFSET STR1MOV DI,COUNT-1BACK:MOV AL,[SI]XCHG [DI],ALMOV [SI],ALINC SIDEC DIDEC CLJNZ BACKHLTCODE ENDSDATA SEGMENTSTR1 DB ‘MPMC$’COUNT EQU 04HSTR2 DB DUP (0)DATA ENDS END


DEPT OF ECE

FLOW CHART:


INC SI DEC DI DEC CL

IfCL=0

START


CLCOUNTSIoffset address of STR1DICOUNT-1

[DI]=[SI]

STOP

FALSE

TRUE

DEPT OF ECE

RESULT:

INPUT: STR1 (DS:0000H) = OUTPUT: STR1 (DS:0004H) =

VIVA QUESTIOS:

1) What do you mean by assembler directives?

2) What .model small stands for?

3) What is the supply requirement of 8086?

4) What is the relation between 8086 processor frequency & crystal Frequency?

5) Functions of Accumulator or AX register?

OUTCOME: To write an assembly language program to reverse the given string.(DOS PROGRAMMING)


DEPT OF ECE

EXPERIMENT NO.5

PROGRAM FOR DIGITAL CLOCK DESIGN USING 8086

PROGRAM TO DISPLAY CURRENT SYSTEM TIME

OBJECTIVE: To write an assembly language program to display current system time.(DOS PROGRAMMING)


PROGRAM:.MODEL SMALL .STACK 100H

.DATA PROMPT DB 'Current System Time is : $' TIME DB '00:00:00$'

.CODE MAIN PROC MOV AX, @DATA MOV DS, AX

LEA BX, TIME CALL GET_TIME

LEA DX, PROMPT MOV AH, 09H INT 21H

LEA DX, TIME MOV AH, 09H INT 21H

MOV AH, 4CH INT 21H MAIN ENDP

GET_TIME PRO


DEPT OF ECE

PUSH AX PUSH CX

MOV AH, 2CH INT 21H

MOV AL, CH CALL CONVERT MOV [BX], AX

MOV AL, CL CALL CONVERT MOV [BX+3], AX MOV AL, DH CALL CONVERT MOV [BX+6], AX POP CX POP AX

RET GET_TIME ENDP CONVERT PROC

PUSH DX

MOV AH, 0 MOV DL, 10 DIV DL OR AX, 3030H

POP DX RET CONVERT ENDP END MAIN


DEPT OF ECE

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1) Functions of BX register?

2) Functions of CX register?

3) Functions of DX register?

4) How Physical address is generated?

5) Which are pointers present in this 8086?

OUTCOME:This program helps to display current system time. (DOS PROGRAMMING)

EXPERIMENT NO.6


DEPT OF ECE

INTERFACING DAC TO 8086I.DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER

GENERATION OF WAVE FORMS:

Objective: Program to generate following wave formsa. Ramp waveformb. Square waveformc. Step waveformd. Triangle waveform

Apparatus: 1.ADS-SDA-86-STA kit 2.8255 Study card 3. Adapter, Keyboard, Cables, CRO Etc . .Procedure :

1. Connect 8086 kit PC using RS232 cable.

2. Connect Power supply to 8086 kit and 8255 interfacing kit(only blue(+5v) and

black(0v) lines Power cable to power supply)

3. Connect 8255 to CN4 of 8086 using 26 pin bus.

4. Connect the CRO probe to JP3 of 8255 kit

5. Keep the DIP switch in 1 & 7 on (8086kit), open TALK, and go to options select

target device as 8086 and Connect.

6. Change dip switch into 1 & 5on, once reset 8086 kit.

7. Go to file →Download hex file

8. G-5000(on system keyboard), we can observe the output on 8086 kit and CRO.

Program:

Ramp Wave Form Generation

.OUTPUT 2500ADCONTROL EQU FFC6H ;control port address for 8255PORTA EQU FFC0H ;porta address for 8255PORTB EQU FFC2H ;portb address for 8255PORTC EQU FFC4H ;portc address for 8255


DEPT OF ECE

DSEG SEGMENTORG 0000:4000HMSG DB ' Dac mode ',0h

MSG1 DB 'Ramp wave output',0hDSEG ENDS

CSEG SEGMENTORG 0000:5000HASSUME CS:CSEG,DS:DSEG

START:

MOV DX,CONTROLMOV AL,80H ;initialise all ports as outputOUT DX,AL ;ports

;displaying message on LCDCall far f800:4bb1h ;clear displayMov di,80h ;display in upper lineMOV SI,offset MSGCALL FAR f800:4FC0h ;display output routineMOV DI,C0H ;display in lower lineMOV SI,OFFSET MSG1CALL FAR F800:4FC0H ;display output routine

;ramp wave form generationMOV BL,00H

RAMP: MOV DX,PORTBMOV AL,BL ;increment the digital codeOUT DX,AL ;and output it on to PORTBINC BL

;check to see if a NMI-INTRJNZ RAMP

MOV BL,00HJMP RAMP

CSEG ENDS


DEPT OF ECE

END SQUARE WAVEFORM:

;step waveform generation;-----------------------------

DA00: MOV DX,PORTBMOV AL,00H ;outport 00 for 0V levelCALL OUTPUTMOV AL,0FFHCALL OUTPUTJMP DA00

;routine to output digital valueOUTPUT: OUT DX,AL

CALL DELAYRET

DELAY: MOV CX,0FFH ;to vary the frequency alter the delay countLUP1: LOOP LUP1

RET

STEP WAVEFORM:

DA00: MOV DX,PORTBMOV AL,00H ;outport 00 for 0V levelCALL OUTPUTMOV AL,7FH ;outport 7F for 2.5V levelCALL OUTPUTMOV AL,FFH ;outport FF for 5V levelCALL OUTPUT

;look for NMI-INTR if userJMP DA00 ;switch to ramp w/f generation

;routine to output digital value

OUTPUT: OUT DX,ALMOV CX,FFH

DELAY: LOOP DELAYRET


DEPT OF ECE

TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM:;step waveform generation

DA00: MOV DX,PORTBMOV AL,00H ;outport 00 for 0V level

UP: CALL OUTPUTINC ALCMP AL,00HJNZ UP

MOV AL,0FFH ;to change amplitude change countUP1: CALL OUTPUT

DEC ALCMP AL,0FFHJNZ UP1

JMP DA00;routine to output digital valueOUTPUT: OUT DX,AL

CALL DELAYRET

DELAY: MOV CX,07H ;to vary the frequency alter the delay countLUP1: LOOP LUP1

RET

Outcome: The waveforms are generated by interfacing PPI to 8086 kit and can be observed on CRO.

EXPERIMENT NO.7


DEPT OF ECE

INTERFACING ADC TO 80861.ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER

Objective: Write a program in ALP to establish Communication between two processors using 8251.

Apparatus: 1.ADS-SDA-86-STA kit 2.8255 Study card 3. Adapter, Keyboard, Cables, Connecting Wires Etc . . .

PROCEDURE









7. Keep the DIP switch in 1 & 7 on (8086kit)

8. G-5000(on kit keyboard), ‘ENTER CHANNEL NUMBER” displays on LCD display.

9. Type the channel number on kit keyboard and connect the connecting wire the

particular channel and power supplies given to 8255 study card. Now observe the

output on the 8086 kit

Program:

.OUTPUT 2500ADCONTROL EQU FFC6H ;control port address for 8255PORTA EQU FFC0H ;porta address for 8255PORTB EQU FFC2H ;portb address for 8255PORTC EQU FFC4H ;portc address for 8255KWAD EQU F800:4EEDHDBDTA EQUF800:4F1FH


DEPT OF ECE

DSEG SEGMENTORG 0000:4000H

MSG DB 'Enter channel No',0hDSEG ENDS

CSEG SEGMENTASSUME CS:CSEG,DS:DSEGORG 0000:5000H

;displaying message on LCDCallfar f800:4bb1h ;clear displaymovdi, 80h ;display in upper lineMOV SI,offset MSG ;CALLFAR f800:4FC0h ;display output routine

MOV AX,0000HMOV DS,AX

;AD00: CALL FAR KWAD ;get key for channel selectionMOV CX,SI

MOV AL,90H ;control word for PPIMOV DX,CONTROLOUT DX,AL ;portA->i/p port,portB->o/p port

;portC->o/p port.

AD00: MOV AL,CL ;output channel numberMOV DX,PORTCOUT DX,AL;start conversion

MOV AL,0FH ;PC7 (START/ALE) setMOV DX,CONTROLOUT DX,AL

PUSH CXMOV CX,3FFFH

DEL1: LOOP DEL1POP CX


DEPT OF ECE

MOV AL,0EH ;PC7 resetMOV DX,CONTROLOUT DX,AL

;look for EOC

MOV AL,0CH ;reset PC6 to read EOCOUT DX,AL

AD01: MOV DX,PORTAIN AL,DX ;poll the EOC line whichAND AL,80H ;is connected to PA7 lineCMP AL,80HJNZ AD01;if EOC (PA7) is high read the digital value otherwise;again check for EOC (PA7) lineMOV AL,0DH ;set OE (PC6) to read valueMOV DX,CONTROLOUT DX,AL;before reading data from ADC set PC6 line

MOV DX,PORTAIN AL,DX ;read digital valueMOV AH,00HMOV SI,AX

PUSH CXCALL FAR DBDTA ;display digital valuePOP CX

JMP AD00CSEG ENDS

END

.


DEPT OF ECE

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1) Which is by default pointer for CS/ES?

2) How many segments present in it?

3) What is the size of each segment?

4) Basic difference between 8085 and 8086?

5) Which operations are not available in 8085?

Outcome: Analog to Digital Conversion using 8255 is studied is Studied

EXPERIMENT NO.8


DEPT OF ECE

SERIAL COMMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO MICROPROCESSORS USING 8251

Objective: Write a program in ALP to establish Communication between two processors using 8251.

Apparatus: 1.ADS-SDA-86-STA kit 2.8251 Study card 3. Adapter, Keyboard, Cables, Etc . . .

PROCEDURE :

Transmission1. Connect 8086 kit PC using RS232 cable.



3. Connect 8251 to 8086 using 50pin and 26pin bus.

4. Short 5 & 6 pins of JP9 in 8251 kit





8. G-4000(on system keyboard), we can observe the output on 8251 kit.

9. Remove RS232 cable from 8086kit and connect it to 8251, transmitted data

displayed on PC Monitor

RECEIVEING1. Connect 8086 kit PC using RS232 cable.

2. Connect Power supply to 8086 kit and 8251 interfacing kit (only blue(+5v) and


3. Connect 8251 to 8086 using 50pin and 26pin bus.

4. Short 1 & 2 pins of JP9 in 8251 kit


DEPT OF ECE





8. Change the DIP switch into 1 & 7 on, once reset.

9. Remove RS232 cable from 8086 kit and connect it to 8251.

10. G-4000 (on 8086 kit keyboard) .enter

11. Give some input from system keyboard (Example press A, B, C, D enter),once

reset 8086 kit That data will be received at 8086 kit at location FF00 (press E, enter

address FF00 and press Comma you will get the ASCII values of A, B, C,D).

PROGRAM:

;PROGRAM TO TEST 8251 TRANSMISSION

.OUTPUT 2500AD

CLOCK_FREQ EQU 1536000 CTL_8251 EQU 3402H DATA_8251 EQU 3400H TMR1_8253 EQU 3002H CTL_8253 EQU 3006H EXT_RAM_LC EQU 0000:FF00H DBDT EQU F800:4F1FH

CNT_BAUD_9600_MODE16 EQU 000AHCNT_BAUD_4000_MODE01 EQU 0140HCNT_BAUD_2400_MODE16 EQU 0028HCNT_BAUD_1200_MODE64 EQU 0014HCNT_BAUD_0300_MODE64 EQU 0050H

MODE_WORD16 EQU CEHMODE_WORD1 EQU CDHMODE_WORD64 EQU CFH

DSEG SEGMENT


DEPT OF ECE

ORG 0:3000HMSG DB 'TESTING 8251 IN ASYNCHRONOUS MODE',0DH,0AH,1BHDSEG ENDS

CSEG SEGMENT ORG 0000:4000H ASSUME CS:CSEG,DS:DSEG

START:

MOV AX,00H MOV SS,AX MOV SP,2000H

MOV AX,00H MOV DS,AX

CLI CLD MOV BX,0202H PUSH CS POP AX MOV [BX],AX MOV BX,0200H LEA AX,CS:SRVC1 MOV [BX],AX

MOV DX,FFD8H MOV AL,13H OUT DX,AL

MOV DX,FFDAH MOV AL,80H OUT DX,AL

MOV AL,0FH OUT DX,AL

MOV AL,0FEH


DEPT OF ECE

OUT DX,AL

MOV BX,OFFSET MSG MOV SI,EXT_RAM_LC

MOV DX,CTL_8253 MOV AL,76H OUT DX,AL

MOV DX,TMR1_8253 MOV AL,<CNT_BAUD_9600_MODE16 OUT DX,AL MOV AL,>CNT_BAUD_9600_MODE16 OUT DX,AL

STI

MOV DX,CTL_8251 MOV AL,00H OUT DX,AL NOP NOP NOP NOP OUT DX,AL NOP NOP NOP NOP OUT DX,AL

MOV DX,CTL_8251 MOV AL,40H OUT DX,AL NOP NOP NOP NOP


DEPT OF ECE

MOV DX,CTL_8251 MOV AL,MODE_WORD16 OUT DX,AL NOP NOP

MOV DX,CTL_8251 MOV AL,33H OUT DX,AL NOP NOP BACK: NOP JMP BACK

SRVC1: MOV AX,0000H MOV DS,AX MOV AL,[BX] ADD BX,01H CMP AL,1BH JNZ AHEAD MOV BX,OFFSET MSG MOV SI,EXT_RAM_LC JMP SRVC1AHEAD: MOV DX,DATA_8251 OUT DX,AL MOV CL,AL MOV AX,00H MOV DS,AX MOV AL,CL MOV [SI],AL ADD SI,01H STI IRET.


DEPT OF ECE

CSEG ENDSEND

;PROGRAM TO TEST 8251 RECEIVING PART

.OUTPUT 2500AD

CLOCK_FREQ EQU 1536000 CTL_8251 EQU 3402H DATA_8251 EQU 3400H TMR1_8253 EQU 3002H CTL_8253 EQU 3006H EXT_RAM_LC EQU 0:FF00H DBDT EQU F800:4F1FH

CNT_BAUD_9600_MODE16 EQU 000AHCNT_BAUD_4000_MODE01 EQU 0140HCNT_BAUD_2400_MODE16 EQU 0028HCNT_BAUD_1200_MODE64 EQU 0014HCNT_BAUD_0300_MODE64 EQU 0050H

MODE_WORD16 EQU CEHMODE_WORD1 EQU CDHMODE_WORD64 EQU CFH

;************************************;PROGRAM TO TEST 8251 RECEIVING PART.;************************************

DSEG SEGMENT ORG 0000:3000HDSEG ENDS

CSEG SEGMENT ORG 0000:4000H ASSUME CS:CSEG,DS:DSEG

START:


DEPT OF ECE

MOV AX,00H MOV SS,AX MOV SP,2000H

MOV DS,AX CLI CLD MOV BX,0202H PUSH CS POP AX MOV [BX],AX MOV BX,200H LEA AX,CS:SRVC2 MOV [BX],AX

MOV DX,FFD8H ;ICW1 MOV AL,13H OUT DX,AL

MOV DX,FFDAH MOV AL,80H OUT DX,AL

MOV AL,0FH OUT DX,AL MOV AL,0FEH OUT DX,AL

MOV BX,EXT_RAM_LC


MOV DX,TMR1_8253 MOV AL,<CNT_BAUD_9600_MODE16 OUT DX,AL


DEPT OF ECE

MOV AL,>CNT_BAUD_9600_MODE16 OUT DX,AL

STI


NOP NOP NOP NOP OUT DX,AL

NOP NOP NOP NOP OUT DX,AL

MOV DX,CTL_8251 MOV AL,40H OUT DX,AL NOP NOP NOP NOP MOV DX,CTL_8251 MOV AL,MODE_WORD16 OUT DX,AL NOP NOP NOP NOP



DEPT OF ECE

BACK1: NOP JMP BACK1

SRVC2: MOV DX,DATA_8251 IN AL,DX IN AL,DX NOP NOP NOP NOP CMP AL,0DH JNZ AHEAD2

MOV AH,00 MOV SI,AX CALL FAR DBDT MOV BX,EXT_RAM_LC JMP TERM

AHEAD2:MOV [BX],AL INC BX TERM: STI IRET

CSEG ENDS END

OUTCOME: This program helps to establish Communication between two processors using 8251.


DEPT OF ECE

Fig1.8251 CONNECTIONS


DEPT OF ECE

EXPERIMENT NO.9

INTERFACING TO 8086 AND PROGRAMMING TO CONTROL STEPPER MOTOR.

I.TO ROTATE STEPPER MOTOR IN CLOCKWISE DIRECTION

Objective: Write a program in ALP to interface stepper motor to 8086 and rotate it in clockwise direction.

Apparatus: 1.ADS-SDA-86-STA kit 2. Stepper motor interface card 3. 1 Amp Power Supply. 4. Stepper Motor 5. Adapter, Keyboard, Cables, Connecting Wires Etc . . . PROCEDURE


2. Connect Power supply to 8086 kit

3. Connect 1Amp Power Supply to the Stepper Motor






8. Keep the DIP switch in 1 & 7 on (8086kit)

9. G-4000(on kit keyboard), now the stepper motor will be rotating in clockwise

direction

Program:

.OUTPUT 2500AD;EQUATES

PORT_C .EQUAL FFC4H ;PORT C ADDRESSCTL_PORT .EQUAL FFC6H ;CONTROL PORT ADDRESS


DEPT OF ECE

CTL_BYTE .EQUAL 80H ;CONTROL BYTE FOR C PORT = ON PHASE_A .EQUAL 0cH ;BYTE TO SWTICH ON A PHASEPHASE_B .EQUAL 06H ;BYTE TO SWTICH ON B PHASEPHASE_C .EQUAL 03H ;BYTE TO SWTICH ON C PHASEPHASE_D .EQUAL 0DH ;BYTE TO SWTICH ON D PHASE

DSEG SEGMENT org 0000:3000H

DELAY_COUNT DW 0DSEG ENDSCSEG SEGMENT

ASSUME CS:CSEG,DS:DSEGORG 0000:4000H

;Start of Test ProgramMOV AL,CTL_BYTE ;8255 INITIALISATIONMOV DX,CTL_PORTOUT DX,AL ;

START: MOV AL,PHASE_A ;PHASE A OF BOTH MOTORS ON

MOV DX,PORT_COUT DX,AL

CALL DELAY1 ;DELAY BET. SWITCHING OF PHASES MOV AL,PHASE_C

MOV DX,PORT_C OUT DX,AL ;PHASE B OF BOTH MOTORS ON

CALL DELAY1 ;DELAY BET. SWTICHING OF PHASES MOV AL,PHASE_B

MOV DX,PORT_C OUT DX,AL ;PHASE C OF BOTH MOTORS ON CALL DELAY1 ;DELAY BET. SWTICHING OF PHASES MOV AL,PHASE_D

MOV DX,PORT_C OUT DX,AL ;PHASE D OF BOTH MOTORS ON CALL DELAY1 ;DELAY BET. SWTCHING OF PHASES JMP START ;PROGRAMS LOOPS FROM HERE


DEPT OF ECE

;Delay subroutineDELAY1: MOV CX, OFFSET DELAY_COUNTDL1: LOOP DL1 RETCSEG ENDS

.END

Outcome: This program helps to interface stepper-motor to 8086 and can be rotated in clockwise direction.


DEPT OF ECE

II.TO ROTATE STEPPER MOTOR IN ANTICLOCKWISE DIRECTION

Objective: Write a program in ALP to interface stepper motor to 8086 and rotate it in anti-clockwise direction.

Apparatus: 1.ADS-SDA-86-STA kit 2. Stepper motor interface card 3. 1 Amp Power Supply. 4. Stepper Motor 5. Adapter, Keyboard, Cables, Connecting Wires Etc . . .

PROCEDURE

1. Connect 8086 kit PC using RS232 cable.2. Connect Power supply to 8086 kit 3. Connect 1Amp Power Supply to the Stepper Motor4. Connect 8255 to CN4 of 8086 using 26 pin bus.5. Keep the DIP switch in 1 & 7 on (8086kit), open TALK, and go to options select target device as 8086 and Connect.6. Change dip switch into 1 & 5on, once reset 8086 kit.7. Go to file →Download hex file8. Keep the DIP switch in 1 & 7 on (8086kit)9. G-4000(on kit keyboard), now the stepper motor will be rotating in clockwise direction

Program:.OUTPUT 2500AD; EQUATESPORT_C .EQUAL FFC4H; PORT C ADDRESSCTL_PORT .EQUAL FFC6H; CONTROL PORT ADDRESSCTL_BYTE .EQUAL 80H ; CONTROL BYTE FOR C PORT = ON

PHASE_A .EQUAL 0CH ; BYTE TO SWTICH ON A PHASEPHASE_B .EQUAL 06H ; BYTE TO SWTICH ON B PHASEPHASE_C .EQUAL 03H ; BYTE TO SWTICH ON C PHASE


DEPT OF ECE

PHASE_D .EQUAL 0DH ;BYTE TO SWTICH ON D PHASE

DSEG SEGMENT org 0000:3000H

DELAY_COUNT DW 0DSEG ENDS; In a one-phase on scheme (anti clockwise) half step

CSEG SEGMENT ASSUME CS:CSEG,DS:DSEG ORG 0000:4000H;Start of Test Program MOV AL,CTL_BYTE ;8255 INITIALISATION MOV DX,CTL_PORT OUT DX,AL

START:MOV AL, 77H ;PHASE_D ;PHASE A OF BOTH MOTORS ONMOV DX, PORT_COUT DX, AL CALL DELAY1 ; DELAY BET. SWITCHING OF PHASES MOV AL,BBH ;PHASE_BMOV DX,PORT_C OUT DX,AL ;PHASE B OF BOTH MOTORS ONCALL DELAY ;DELAY BET. SWTICHING OF PHASES MOV AL,DDH ;PHASE_CMOV DX,PORT_C OUT DX,AL ;PHASE C OF BOTH MOTORS ON CALL DELAY1 ;DELAY BET. SWTICHING OF PHASES MOV AL,EEH ;PHASE_AMOV DX,PORT_C OUT DX,AL ;PHASE D OF BOTH MOTORS ON CALL DELAY1 ;DELAY BET. SWTCHING OF PHASES JMP STAR ;PROGRAMS LOOPS FROM HERE;Delay subroutineDELAY1:


DEPT OF ECE

MOV CX,OFFSET DELAY_COUNTDL1: LOOP DL1 RET

CSEG ENDS.END

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1) What is the difference between min mode and max mode of 8086?

2) What is the difference between near and far procedure?

3) What is the difference between Macro and procedure?

4) What is the difference between instructions RET & IRET?

5) What is the difference between instructions MUL & IMUL?

Outcome: This program helps to interface stepper-motor to 8086 and can be rotated in anti-clockwise direction


DEPT OF ECE

INTRODUCTION TO 8051

The Intel 8051 is Harvard architecture, single chip microcontroller (µC) which was

developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. 8051 is an 8-bit micro

controller. The Important features of 8085 Architecture:

8-bit ALU, Accumulator and Registers;

8-bit data bus - It can access 8 bits of data in one operation

16-bit address bus - It can access 216 memory locations - 64 kB ( 65536

locations ) each of RAM and ROM

On-chip RAM - 128 bytes ("Data Memory")

On-chip ROM - 4 kB ("Program Memory")

Four byte bi-directional input/output port

UART (serial port)

Two 16-bit Counter/timers

Two-level interrupt priority

Power saving mode

8051 have 128 user defined flags

It consist of 16 bit address bus

It also consist of 3 internal and two external interrupt

Less power usage in 8051 with respect to other micro-controller

It consist of 16-bit program counter and data pointer

8051 can process 1 million one-cycle instructions per second

It also consist of 32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits

Rom on 8051 is 4 Kbytes in size


DEPT OF ECE

Pin Diagram of 8051


DEPT OF ECE

Timer/Counter (Timer 0 & Timer 1)

4K byte Program Memory (ROM)

128 bytes Data Memory (RAM)

I/O ports Serial Port 64 K Bus Expansion Control

8051 CPU

Oscillator &Timing

P3 P2 P1 P0 (Address/data)

TxD RxD ALE /PSEN From Crystal Oscillator or RC network

/INT0 /INT1

Other interrupts

T0 T1

Architecture of 8051

Types of instructions:

Depending on operation they perform, all instructions are divided in several groups:

Arithmetic Instructions Branch Instructions Data Transfer Instructions Logic Instructions Bit-oriented Instructions

Arithmetic instructions:

Arithmetic instructions perform several basic operations such as addition, subtraction, division, multiplication etc. After execution, the result is stored in the first operand. For example:

ADD A,R1 - The result of addition (A+R1) will be stored in the accumulator.


DEPT OF ECE

Mnemonic Description

ADD A,Rn Adds the register to the accumulator

ADD A,direct Adds the direct byte to the accumulator

ADD A,@Ri Adds the indirect RAM to the accumulator

ADD A,#data Adds the immediate data to the accumulator

ADDC A,Rn Adds the register to the accumulator with a carry flag

ADDC A,direct Adds the direct byte to the accumulator with a carry flag

ADDC A,@Ri Adds the indirect RAM to the accumulator with a carry flag

ADDC A,#data Adds the immediate data to the accumulator with a carry flag

SUBB A,Rn Subtracts the register from the accumulator with a borrow

SUBB A,direct Subtracts the direct byte from the accumulator with a borrow

SUBB A,@Ri Subtracts the indirect RAM from the accumulator with a borrow

SUBB A,#data Subtracts the immediate data from the accumulator with a borrow

INC A Increments the accumulator by 1

INC Rn Increments the register by 1

INC Rx Increments the direct byte by 1

INC @Ri Increments the indirect RAM by 1

DEC A Decrements the accumulator by 1

DEC Rn Decrements the register by 1

DEC Rx Decrements the direct byte by 1

DEC @Ri Decrements the indirect RAM by 1

INC DPTR Increments the Data Pointer by 1

MUL AB Multiplies A and B

DIV AB Divides A by B

DA A Decimal adjustment of the accumulator according to BCD code

Branch Instructions:

There are two kinds of branch instructions:

Unconditional jump instructions: upon their execution a jump to a new location from

where the program continues execution is executed.


DEPT OF ECE

Conditional jump instructions: a jump to a new program location is executed only if a

specified condition is met. Otherwise, the program normally proceeds with the next

instruction.


ACALL addr11 Absolute subroutine call

LCALL addr16 Long subroutine call

RET Returns from subroutine

RETI Returns from interrupt subroutine

AJMP addr11 Absolute jump

LJMP addr16 Long jump

SJMP relShort jump (from –128 to +127 locations relative to the following instruction)

JC rel Jump if carry flag is set. Short jump.

JNC rel Jump if carry flag is not set. Short jump.

JB bit,rel Jump if direct bit is set. Short jump.

JBC bit,rel Jump if direct bit is set and clears bit. Short jump.

JMP @A+DPTR Jump indirect relative to the DPTR

JZ rel Jump if the accumulator is zero. Short jump.

JNZ rel Jump if the accumulator is not zero. Short jump.

CJNE A,direct,relCompares direct byte to the accumulator and jumps if not equal. Short jump.

CJNE A,#data,relCompares immediate data to the accumulator and jumps if not equal. Short jump.

CJNE Rn,#data,relCompares immediate data to the register and jumps if not equal. Short jump.

CJNE @Ri,#data,rel

Compares immediate data to indirect register and jumps if not equal. Short jump.

DJNZ Rn,rel Decrements register and jumps if not 0. Short jump.

DJNZ Rx,rel Decrements direct byte and jump if not 0. Short jump.

NOP No operation

Data Transfer Instructions:

Data transfer instructions move the content of one register to another. The register the

content of which is moved remains unchanged. If they have the suffix “X” (MOVX), the data

is exchanged with external memory.


DEPT OF ECE


MOV A,Rn Moves the register to the accumulator

MOV A,direct Moves the direct byte to the accumulator

MOV A,@Ri Moves the indirect RAM to the accumulator

MOV A,#data Moves the immediate data to the accumulator

MOV Rn,A Moves the accumulator to the register

MOV Rn,direct Moves the direct byte to the register

MOV Rn,#data Moves the immediate data to the register

MOV direct,A Moves the accumulator to the direct byte

MOV direct,Rn Moves the register to the direct byte

MOV direct,direct Moves the direct byte to the direct byte

MOV direct,@Ri Moves the indirect RAM to the direct byte

MOV direct,#data Moves the immediate data to the direct byte

MOV @Ri,A Moves the accumulator to the indirect RAM

MOV @Ri,direct Moves the direct byte to the indirect RAM

MOV @Ri,#data Moves the immediate data to the indirect RAM

MOV DPTR,#data Moves a 16-bit data to the data pointer

MOVC A,@A+DPTR

Moves the code byte relative to the DPTR to the accumulator (address=A+DPTR)

MOVC A,@A+PCMoves the code byte relative to the PC to the accumulator (address=A+PC)

MOVX A,@Ri Moves the external RAM (8-bit address) to the accumulator

MOVX A,@DPTR Moves the external RAM (16-bit address) to the accumulator

MOVX @Ri,A Moves the accumulator to the external RAM (8-bit address)

MOVX @DPTR,A Moves the accumulator to the external RAM (16-bit address)

PUSH direct Pushes the direct byte onto the stack

POP direct Pops the direct byte from the stack/td>

XCH A,Rn Exchanges the register with the accumulator

XCH A,direct Exchanges the direct byte with the accumulator

XCH A,@Ri Exchanges the indirect RAM with the accumulator

XCHD A,@RiExchanges the low-order nibble indirect RAM with the accumulator

Logic Instructions:

Logic instructions perform logic operations upon corresponding bits of two registers.

After execution, the result is stored in the first operand.


DEPT OF ECE


ANL A,Rn AND register to accumulator

ANL A,direct AND direct byte to accumulator

ANL A,@Ri AND indirect RAM to accumulator

ANL A,#data AND immediate data to accumulator

ANL direct,A AND accumulator to direct byte

ANL direct,#data AND immediate data to direct register

ORL A,Rn OR register to accumulator

ORL A,direct OR direct byte to accumulator

ORL A,@Ri OR indirect RAM to accumulator

ORL direct,A OR accumulator to direct byte

ORL direct,#data OR immediate data to direct byte

XRL A,Rn Exclusive OR register to accumulator

XRL A,direct Exclusive OR direct byte to accumulator

XRL A,@Ri Exclusive OR indirect RAM to accumulator

XRL A,#data Exclusive OR immediate data to accumulator

XRL direct,A Exclusive OR accumulator to direct byte

XORL direct,#data Exclusive OR immediate data to direct byte

CLR A Clears the accumulator

CPL A Complements the accumulator (1=0, 0=1)

SWAP A Swaps nibbles within the accumulator

RL A Rotates bits in the accumulator left

RLC A Rotates bits in the accumulator left through carry

RR A Rotates bits in the accumulator right

RRC A Rotates bits in the accumulator right through carry

Bit-oriented Instructions

Similar to logic instructions, bit-oriented instructions perform logic operations. The

difference is that these are performed upon single bits.


CLR C Clears the carry flag

CLR bit Clears the direct bit

SETB C Sets the carry flag

SETB bit Sets the direct bit

CPL C Complements the carry flag


DEPT OF ECE

CPL bit Complements the direct bit

ANL C,bit AND direct bit to the carry flag

ANL C,/bit AND complements of direct bit to the carry flag

ORL C,bit OR direct bit to the carry flag

ORL C,/bit OR complements of direct bit to the carry flag

MOV C,bit Moves the direct bit to the carry flag

MOV bit,C Moves the carry flag to the direct bit

Description of all 8051 instructions:

Here is a list of the operands and their meanings:

A - accumulator;

Rn - is one of working registers (R0-R7) in the currently active RAM memory

bank;

Direct - is any 8-bit address register of RAM. It can be any general-purpose

register or a SFR (I/O port, control register etc.);

@Ri - is indirect internal or external RAM location addressed by register R0 or

R1;

#data - is an 8-bit constant included in instruction (0-255);

#data16 - is a 16-bit constant included as bytes 2 and 3 in instruction (0-

65535);

addr16 - is a 16-bit address. May be anywhere within 64KB of program

memory;

addr11 - is an 11-bit address. May be within the same 2KB page of program

memory as the first byte of the following instruction;

Rel - is the address of a close memory location (from -128 to +127 relative to

the first byte of the following instruction). On the basis of it, assembler

computes the value to add or subtract from the number currently stored in the

program counter;

bit - is any bit-addressable I/O pin, control or status bit; and

C - is carry flag of the status register (register PSW).


DEPT OF ECE

EXPERIMENT NO. 10

PROGRAMMING USING ARITHMETIC, LOGICAL AND BIT MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS OF 8051

Objective: To write ALP for performing Arithmetic , Logical , Bit manipulation operations in 8051

Apparatus: 1.ADS-SDA-51-STA kit 2. Microprocessor Power Supply 3. RS 232 Cable 5. Adapter, Keyboard, Cables, Connecting Wires Etc . . .

Procedure:


DEPT OF ECE

For generating HEX File.

1. Check for Driver folder (if driver is in D drive)2. Go to Command Prompt3. Type d: and Press enter (if driver is in D drive)4. Type cd Driver and Press enter5. Type cd x8051 and Press enter6. Edit filename.asm Enter7. Now a window appears in which you need to write the program and save it .8. Go to file→Exit. You will return to command prompt9. To check errors and generate .obj file Type x8051 and Press enter in the command prompt.A. Select the option D and enterB.Select the option Y to generate cross-reference and enterC.Enter Input file name as: filename.asmD.Enter output filename as: filename.obj10. Now the .obj file is generated and errors will be displayed11. To link the file now type link and Press enterA.Enter input filename as: filename.obj

B.To skip the entry of input, output and library files which are already c.added press enter 3 timesD.Enter offset address as: 0000E.Select the option H to generate .hex file

12. Hex file is generated and the length and memory address of hex file will be

displayed. Now note down the starting and ending address.

To Observe the OUTPUT:

1. Connect the 8051 kit to the processor of desktop with Rs232 cable and power

supply to the 8051 Kit.

2. Open the TALK icon which is on desktop now Talk window appears.

3. In that window go to options → Target Board → 8051 → ok.

4. Go to options →Connect.

5. Press E on kit keyboard to activate serial port of the kit. Now ‘SERIAL PORT’

displays on the kit and ‘ALS 8051 STA’ displays on talk window.


DEPT OF ECE

6. Go to file → Download Hex file. Select the HEX file which is generated by

following the path D drive →driver → X8051 → filename.hex. Now I appears on Talk

window to indicate that file is downloaded.

7. Type G and Starting address of HEX file and press enter.

8. Now program gets executed and register status will be displayed.

9. To generate opcode Press Z starting address of hex file and enter.

I.ARITHEMATIC OPERATIONSProgram:

org 9000h;addition without carry

mov a,#06hmov b,#09hadd a,bmov r0,a

;Subtraction with carrymov a,#08hsubbc a,#03hmov r1,a

; multiplicationmov a,#03h


DEPT OF ECE

mov b,#06hmul abmov r2,a

;divisionmov a,#08hmov b,#03hdiv abmov r3,amov r4,b

;increment operationmov a,#03hinc amov r5,a

;decrement operationmov r6,#07hdec r6lcall 0003hend

II.LOGICAL OPERATIONS

Program1:

org 8000hmov r0,#0fhmov r1,#fohmov r2,#66h

; And operationmov a,#ffhanl a,r0mov r3,a

; Or operationmov a,#ffhorl a,r1mov r4,a


DEPT OF ECE

; Xor operationmov a,03hmov a,#ffhxrl a,r2mov r5,alcall 0003hend

Program2:

org 9000h; clear register A

mov a,#0fhclr amov r0,a

; swap nibbles of register Amov a,#56hswap amov r1,a

; Complement the bit of register Amov a,#66hcpl amov r2,a

; Rotate the register contents towards right


DEPT OF ECE

mov a,#63hrr axrl a,rmov r3,a

; Rotate the register contents towards left mov a,#43hrl axrl a,rmov r4,alcall 0003hend

III. BIT MANIPULATION OPERATIONS

Program:

org 9000hmov a,#ffhclr c ;clear the carry flaganl c,acc.7mov r0,asetb c ;set the carry flagmov a,#00horl c,acc.5mov r1,amov a,#ffhcpl acc,3


DEPT OF ECE

mov r2,alcall 0003hend

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1) What is the function of 01h of Int 21h?



4) What is the function of 0Ah of Int 21h?

5) What is the function of 4ch of Int 21h?

Outcome: Arithmetic , Logical , Bit manipulation operations in 8051 were performed and opcode and register contents were noted.

EXPERIMENT NO.11

PROGRAM AND VERIFY TIMER/COUNTER IN 8051

Objective: To program and verify Timer/counter in 8051(Timer 0 mode 2 counter).

Apparatus: 1.ADS-SDA-51-STA kit 2. Microprocessor Power Supply 3. RS 232 Cable 4. NIFC-26 study card 5. Adapter, Keyboard, Cables, Connecting Wires Etc . . . Procedure:1. Connect the 8051 kit to the processor of desktop with Rs232 cable and power


2.Short 1 & 2 pins of JP1 of Study card.


DEPT OF ECE

3.Connect NIFC 26 study card to the 8051 using 50 line bus (P2 of 8051 kit to study

card) and 10 line bus (JP12 of 8051 kit to JP3 of Study card).

4.Now switch on the power supply.






9. Go to file → Download Hexfile. Select the HEX file by following the path E drive

→Talk → MC COMM → Nifc26→Nifc26. Now I appears on TALk window to indicate

that file is downloaded.

10. Type G 9200 (Starting address) and press enter.

11. Now program gets executed

12. Now data location displays on the LCD display of Kit and by pressing SW1 of

study card we can observe the increment in the data field displayed.

Program:org9200h

mov a,tmodorl a,#05hmov tmod,a

setb tr0 ;to start counting

lcall 68eah ;cldis

loop_a: mov dptr,#0194hmov a,tl0movx @dptr,ainc dptrmov a,th0


DEPT OF ECE

movx @dptr,alcall 6748h ;upd_add

go1: sjmp loop_alcall 03hend

Outcome:

Timer0 as counter in mode 0 is programmed and verified.

EXPERIMENT NO.12

PROGRAM AND VERIFY INTERRUPT HANDLING IN 8051

Objective: To program and verify interrupt handling in 8051

Apparatus: 1.ADS-SDA-51-STA kit 2. Microprocessor Power Supply 3. RS 232 Cable 4.NIFC-26 study card 5. Adapter, Keyboard, Cables, Connecting Wires Etc . . . Procedure:1. Connect the 8051 kit to the processor of desktop with Rs232 cable and power


2.Short 1 & 2 pins of JP5 and JP6 of Study card.


DEPT OF ECE

3.Connect NIFC 26 study card to the 8051 using 50 line bus (P2 of 8051 kit to study

card) and 10 line bus (JP12 of 8051 kit to JP3 of Study card).

4.Now switch on the power supply.






9. Go to file → Download Hexfile. Select the HEX file by following the path E drive

→Talk → MC COMM → Nifc26→Nifc26. Now I appears on TALk window to indicate

that file is downloaded.

10. Type G 9700 (Starting address) and press enter.

11. Now program gets executed

12. Now data location displays on the LCD display of Kit (continues swapping of bits

26)

13. Give an external interrupt by pressing sw3 on study card now you can observe

that data field counts from 0 to 2 and continues swapping of bits 26

Program:org 9700h

mov a,tmodorl tmod,#10h ;timer 1, mode 1-16 bit timermov th1,#00h ;timer register loaded with 00ffhmov tl1,#ffhsetb it1 ;intr. 1 edge triggered,should be cleared for

;level triggersetb et1 ;enable timer 0 interruptsetb ex1 ;enable external interrupt 1setb tr1 ;timer 0 run enablesetb px1 ;priority set for external interruptmov r6,#26h ;values which is complemented in timer0 isrsetb ea ;enable global interrupt


DEPT OF ECE

here: ajmp here

org 8028h ;timer 1 isr

ljmp 8500h

org 8500h

mov r7,#10hcompl: mov a,r6

swap amov r6,alcall upddt ;displayes r6 content in data fieldlcall deldjnz r7,complmov th1,#00hmov tl1,#ffhsetb tr1reti

org 8010h ;external interrupt 1 isr

setb rs0 ;change bankmov r5,#3hljmp 8600h

org 8600h

lcall 68eah ;cldis

mov r6,#00hmov r7,#00h

loop_b: lcall 675fh ;upd_add ;66c1hlcall del ;6794hdjnz r5,increclr rs0reti

incre: inc r6


DEPT OF ECE

sjmp loop_b

del: mov r0,#ffhmov r1,#ffhlcall del1ret

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1) Can we use SP as offset address holder with CS?

2) Which is the base registers in 8086?

3) Which is the index registers in 8086?

4) What do you mean by segment override prefix?

5) Whether micro reduces memory requirements?

Outcome:This program demonstrates the usage of priority bit and external internal type

bit to handle the interrupt.


DEPT OF ECE

ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

EXPERIMENT NO.13KEIL µVISION3 TOOL

Procedure to create a new µvision project:

Step 1: Give a double click on µvision3 icon on the desktop, it will generate a window as shown below:


DEPT OF ECE

Step 2: To create new project, go to project, select new µvision project.

Step 3: Select a drive where you would like to create your project.

Step 4: Create a new folder and name it with your project name.

Step 5: Open that project folder and give a name of your project executable file and

save it.

Step 6: After saving, it will show some window there select your microcontroller

company i.e. Atmel.

Step 7: Select your chip as AT89C51.


DEPT OF ECE

Step 8: After selecting chip click on OK then it will display some window asking to

add STARTUP file. Select YES.

Step 9: A target is created and startup file is added to your project target and is

shown below.

Step 10: To write your project code select a new file from FILE menu bar.

Step 11: It will display some text editor, to save that file select SAVE option from

FILE menu bar.

Step 12: Save file name with .c extension.

Step 13: Write the code of your project and save it.

Step 14: To add c file to target, give a right click on Source Group, choose “ADD files to Group” option.


DEPT OF ECE

Step 15:It will displays some window there select the file you have to add and click on ADD option.

Step 16: The file will be added to target and it is shown in the project window.Step 17: Now give a right click on target in the project window and select “Options for Target”.


DEPT OF ECE

Step 18: It will show some window, in that go to output option and choose Create

Hex file option by selecting that box.

Step 19: In the same window go to Linker option and choose use memory layout

from target dialog by selecting the box, and Click OK.

Step 20: Now to compile your project Select build target option or press F7.

Step 21: In the build OUTPUT window, you can see the errors and warnings of the

code. Project HEX file will be created.

Experiment No: 14

SERIAL TRANSMISSION FROM PC TO 8051µC


DEPT OF ECE

Aim: To transmit characters from PC to 8051uc serially and to see the output on terminal window.

Tools: PC installed with KEIL µvision3

Program:

#include<reg51.h>void serTx(unsigned char);void main(void){TMOD=0x20;TH1=0xfd;SCON=0x50;TR1=1;while(1){serTx('M');serTx('R');serTx('E');serTx('C');serTx('W');}}void serTx(unsigned char x){SBUF=x;while(TI==0);TI=0;}

Result:

Experiment No: 115

PORT PROGRAMMING OF 8051


DEPT OF ECE

Aim: Aim: To write 8051 C program to toggle all the bits of P0 and P2 continuously with some delay.

Tools: PC installed with KEIL µvision3.

Program:

#include <unsigned int>Void MSDelay(unsigned int):Void main(void){While(1)

{P0=0X55;P2=0X55;MSDelay(250);P0=0XAA;P2=0X55;MSDelay(250);

}}Void MSDelay(unsigned int itime){

Unsigned int I, j;for(i=0;i<time;i++)

for(j=0;j<1275;j++);}

Result:


Documents

Mpmc Lab Manual