mt s phng php lp k hoch c th nh: * Phng php chuyn gia v phng php Delphi Phng php chuyn gia l phng php m cc ch th qun l thng s dng khi phi i mt vi nhng vn vt ra khi nng lc chuyn mn ca h. Nh qun l tham vn cc kin v chuyn mn ca cc c nhn chuyn gia hoc tp th cc chuyn gia bng to m, hi tho t la chn nhng kin ti u ca h nhm phc v cho vic lp k hoch hoc ra quyt nh v nhng vn m h cn. Phng php Delphi l phng php gn ging vi phng php chuyn gia, nhng khc bit hnh thc tham vn. Thay v vic ly kin cng khai thng qua to m, hi tho, nh qun l s dng phiu kn cc chuyn gia biu th tnh c lp ca mnh trong vic a ra cc kin. Chnh v vy, nhng quan im m cc chuyn gia a ra thng khng b nh hng bi quan h vi cc ng nghip nn mang tnh khoa hc, khch quan v c gi tr tham kho cao. Tuy nhin, cc nh qun l thng gp kh khn a ra quyt nh cui cng khi m cc chuyn gia a ra nhiu kin khc nhau. Nh vy, lp k hoch mt cch c hiu qu, cn phi s dng nhiu phng php khc nhau tu thuc vo loi hnh v tnh cht ca k hoch. Tuy nhin, cn c s phn bit gia phng php trong lp k hoch tng th v phng php trong tng bc ca lp k hoch vn dng chng mt cch ph hp.

* Phng php s mng li (PERT) C nhiu phng php s mng li c th h tr hiu qu qu trnh lp k hoch nhng phng php thng dng nht l PERT (The Program evaluation and Review Technique).

PERT l mt k thut c bit c trnh by bng biu v s phi hp cc hot ng v cc s kin cn thit t mc tiu chung ca mt d n. PERT thng c s dng phn tch v v ch ra nhng nhim v cn phi thc hin t c nhng mc tiu trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. C 4 yu t to thnh PERT: Mng li PERT ng gng (Critial Path) Phn b cc ngun lc Chi ph v thi gian * Phng php phn tch SWOT (phn tch im mnh, im yu, c hi v thch thc) SWOT l cm t vit tt ca cc ch Strenghs (im mnh), Weaknesses (im yu), Opportunities (C hi) v Threats (Thch thc). Vo nhng nm cui thp k 60, th k XX, cc gio s Edmund P. Learned, C. Roland Christiansen, Kenneth Andrew v William D. Guth ca trng i hc San Francisco a ra phng php phn tch SWOT trong tc phm Business Policy: Text and Cases (Homewood, IL, Irwin, 1969). n nhng nm 1980s, Hi ng pht trin tp on General Electric ng dng SWOT phn tch v lp k hoch hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh. Phng php SWOT c kh nng pht hin v nm bt cc kha cnh ca mt ch th hay mt vn no . Phng php ny cho chng ta bit c im mnh v im yu, v nhn ra nhng c hi cng nh thch thc s phi i mt. V th, SWOT l mt cng c phn tch chung, mang tnh tng hp nn thng mang tnh phn on v nh tnh nhiu hn v ly cc s liu, dn chng chng minh.

SWOT l mt phng php, mt cng c d dng h tr khi t duy (minds tool) v i tng. V th, n rt c ch trong vic lp k hoch. i tng phn tch c th l mt t chc, mt c nhn hay mt vn no (quyt nh, hot ng). Ni dung phn tch c th l kinh t, chnh tr, vn ho v x hi hoc mt quyt nh no . i tng c phn tch lun t trong quan h vi nhng nhn t khc nh mi trng bn trong v bn ngoi. Cc thnh vin ca mt t chc, cc nh qun l, nhng ngi phn tch v hoch nh chnh sch, hay thm ch l nhng ngi lm cng tc nghin cu khoa hc cng c th ng dng SWOT vo phn tch im mnh v im yu, c hi v thch thc ca mt i tng no hoc ca chnh bn thn mnh. Phn tch SWOT c chia thnh 3 phn l: phn tch iu kin bn trong, phn tch iu kin bn ngoi v phn tch tng hp c bn trong - bn ngoi ca i tng. * Phng php phn tch chi ph - li ch (Cost benefit Analysis) Phn tch chi ph - li ch (CBA) c lng v tnh tng gi tr tng ng i vi nhng li ch v chi ph ca mt hot ng no xem c ng u t hay khng. y chnh l phng php nh gi cc hot ng t gc kinh t hc. V vi t cch l mt ni dung ca qun l, vic lp k hoch cng chnh l mt hot ng mang tnh kinh t. V th p dng CBA l hon ton ph hp vi vic lp k hoch. Nhng nguyn tc c bn ca phng php phn tch chi ph li ch c th ng dng vo cng vic lp k hoch mt cch thun li.