1. Mosquitoes ofGeorgia Rosmarie Kelly Public Health EntomologistGeorgia Department of Public Health

2. Life Cycle Egg Larva Pupa Adult 3. Eggs After laying, eggs generally require 2-5 days ofincubation before hatching Eggs laid in permanent water will hatch after incubation Eggs laid in tree holes, containers, or floodwater areas will hatch when covered with water after a period of incubation A female will lay between 100-150 eggs Most eggs are very resistant to environmentalconditions Eggs may stay viable for many years 4. Eggs Laid singly On water Anopheles Coquillettidia On land Aedes & Ochlerotatus Psorophora Egg rafts Culex spp. Culiseta spp.4 5. More Eggs 6. Larvae Four instars It generally takes 3 to 7 days to completedevelopment depending on food andtemperature Most larvae are filter feeders Larvae breath air but can absorb oxygenthrough the body wall 7. Types of Larvae = wigglers Culicine: All genera other than Anopheles Culex, Ochlerotatus, Aedes, Psorophora, Culiseta Anopheline: All the Anopheles species 8. Larval Instars 9. Pupae Air breathers Do not feed Mobile Generally takes 1-2 days before the adultemerges 10. Pupae = tumblers 11. 11Emergers 12. Adults Mosquitoes mate soon after emerging Male mosquitoes die soon after mating A female will lay approximately 100-150eggs per one oviposition cycle A female will go through about 10oviposition cycles Most female mosquitoes live about 2weeks and may live 2 months or more 13. WHAT DO THEY EAT?Plant juices & nectarFemales also need blood from other animals 14. The Blood Meal 15. WHY DO FEMALE MOSQUITOES NEED YOUR BLOOD?They use the blood to help develop eggsFemales generally begin bloodfeeding following matingEggs are ready to be laidapproximately 3 days following ablood meal And now there will be more mosquitoes! 16. MOSQUITO LARVAE ARE FOUND EVERYWHEREAROUND THE WORLD, EXCEPT ANTARCTICA.THEY ARE FOUND FROM 3,000 FT BELOW THE SURFACE IN MINESTO 16,000 FT ELEVATION IN THE HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS. 17. A BASIC CLASSIFICATION OF LARVAL HABITATS INCLUDES:I. SOIL-BASED WATER COLLECTIONS PERMANENT SEMI-PERMANENT TEMPORARY FLOOD PLAINS RAIN POOLS BRACKISH WATER POOLS RUNNING WATER COLLECTIONSII. CONTAINER WATER COLLECTIONS ARTIFICIAL NATURAL 18. Habitats Fresh, Brackish, or Saltwater Permanent water eggs (e.g. Culex, Anopheles) are laid directly on water - ponds, pools, and streams and hatch after incubation. Floodwater eggs (e.g. Psorophora, Aedes, Ochlerotatus) are laid on moist soil - ditches, floodplains, depressions and upper marsh and hatch after inundation and incubation. Eggs laid above water-line: Natural containers like rock holes, water holding plants, and treeholes. Artificial containers like buckets, birdbaths, flower pots, raingutters, tires, cans, and boats. 19. Permanent-water Mosquito Habitats 20. Flood-water Mosquito Habitats 21. Flood-water Mosquito Habitats 22. Container Habitats 23. Container Habitats 24. Tires are love at first sight for species such as Ochlerotatusjaponicus, Aedes albopictus and Oc. triseriatus 25. A Specialized HabitatWyeomyia smithii Every leaf has a water receptacleParker Whitt, NCPHPM, 2005 26. Some Common Georgia Species 27. Aedes albopictus 28. Aedes aegyptiLyre-shaped markings Pale scales on clypeus 29. Aedes vexansM. Cutwa-Francis, FMEL M. Cutwa-Francis, FMEL 30. Anopheles quadrimaculatus 31. Malaria in the United StatesAnophelesquadrimaculatus ishistorically the mostimportant vector ofmalaria in theeastern UnitedStates.Malaria was aserious plague in theUnited States forcenturies until itsfinal eradication inthe 1950s. 32. Primary La Crosse VectorOchlerotatus triseriatus, Tree-hole Mosquito 33. LAC is very under-reportedin Georgia.Ochlerotatus triseriatus isthe primary vector of LAC. 34. Ochlerotatus fulvus pallens M. Cutwa-Francis, FMEL 35. Ochlerotatus atlanticus/tormentorOc atlanticus - Oc tormentor -larval ID larval IDSetal tuft on Setal tuft onsiphon(1-S) siphon (1-S)outside ofinserted withinpectenpecten 36. Saltmarsh Species Ochlerotatus Percent of Total Collected sollicitans Ae. albopictus Ae. vexans An. crucians An. quadrimaculatus Cq. perturbansM. Cx. nigripalpus Cutwa-Francis, FMEL Cx. quinquefasciatus Cx. salinarius Oc. atlanticus Oc. japonicus Oc. sollicitans Oc. taeniorhynchus Oc. triseriatus Ochlerotatus Ps. columbiaetaeniorhynchusThe brood of 99 37. Coquillettidia perturbansPreapical pale band on hindtibia M. Cutwa-Francis, FMEL 38. Culiseta melanura 39. EEE is endemic in south Georgia.Culiseta melanura is the enzooticvector. 40. Culex spp Cx nigripalpus Cx salinarius Cx quinquefasciatusvectors of WNV 41. The map shows counties reportingWNV+ birds, horses and otherlivestock or companionanimals, mosquitoes, and humans.Counties with no reported positiveshave done little to no surveillance;WNV is considered endemic inGeorgia.Culex quinquefasciatus is the primaryvector of WNV in Georgia. 42. Psorophora columbiae 43. Psorophora feroxM. Cutwa-Francis, FMEL 44. Psorophora ciliataBlack erect scales onHindtibia and hindtarsomere 1 Median longitudinal Giant mosquito gold line on scutum Adult females bitehumans Larvae arepredaceous on othermosquito larvae 45. A Beneficial Mosquito 46. http://www.gamosquito.org/mosquito.htmAnd ManyMany MoreThere are ~60 species of mosquitoes found in Georgia 47. And thenthere are the recent introductions. Ochlerotatus japonicus The 1st published record of Oc japonicus japonicus in Georgia (Rabun County) occurred in 2004. This species was collected earlier (2002) in Fulton County. Culex coronator A total of 10 female Cx coronator were collected from 6 different sites during routine mosquito-borne virus surveillance in Dougherty County in 2006. In 2007, adult Cx coronator were collected in Chatham County, Georgia. 48. 2009 49. Any Questions?