“The Life Conops project: Surveillance of invasive mosquitoes”

Surveillance of invasive mosquitoes in the

Netherlands

Centre for Monitoring of Vectors

Adolfo Ibáñez-JusticiaErnst-Jan Scholte

Arjan StrooMarian Dik

Bologna, 10 March 2014

Overview presentation

• Historical surveillance vectors in the Netherlands

• Foundation National Centre for Monitoring of Vectors• Aim, Organization, Resources and actors, Availability of

competences, Trainings, Collaborations

• Current surveillance of Vectors in the NL

• Current surveillance of Exotic/Invasive mosquitoes in NL• Setup • Results

Historical surveillance of mosquitoes in NL

2005-2006 Wageningen University Entomology

+- 1900 National museum of natural history Leiden

Water administrations

1938 Malaria Vectors

Alterra - Wageningen University

2009 Foundation Centre for Monitoring of Vectors

Foundation National Centre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV)

Estimated losses due bluetongue2006: 10-15 million euro2007: 81 million euro

Centre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV-NVWA-MinEZ)

Founded in 2009, National knowledge centre for vectors

Mission: Minimalize impact of vectors in veterinary and public health. It does this by CMV collection, management, propagation and dissemination of knowledge and information of indigenous and exotic vectors. This knowledge and data are used for policy advice, risk communication, vector control, the development of plans and vector-borne disease-risk analysis.

Activities:• Surveys/Monitoring vectors• Inspections• Identify introduction of invasive species• Diagnostics• Modelling (vector distribution maps)• Risk analysis• Advice / support policymakers

6

Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority

Department ‘National Reference Centre (NRC)’

7

Mariëtte Edema

TeamDiagnostic methods

PestsDiseases

Domain - molecular diagnosis

- breeding facilities

- quality

- health & safety

- mycology

- bacteriology

- virology

- entomology

- nematology

- vectors (CMV)

- invasive plants

Head

CMV Resources:

- (3 FTE) Office & lab

- (1,5 FTE) ‘implementation’

- (1,08 FTE)

Public Health

& Economy

(50/50)

Public Health

- (5,58 FTE) TOTAAL

domain product mission financing

Nature

Nature

Advice & representation

CMV

Tiger

mosquito

NVWA offer

Advice & representation

Actors (1):

9

Ernst-Jan Scholte

Marian DikWietse den Hartog

Adolfo Ibañez-Justicia

Arjan Stroo

Competences:

Medical/General Entomology

Vector identification experience

Entomological sampling methodology

Field work experience

GIS experience

Modelling vector distribution

Ecology .......

Facilities:

Office & Laboratory & Mosquito colonisation NRC

Trainings:

European mosquito species (Avia-GIS)

Invasive mosquito species training (Avia-GIS)

Modelling vector distribution (Climex, VecMap, EriskMapper)

Tick identification (NPPO)

EPPO diagnostic inspections

International Networks:

ECDC, VBORNET, EMCA, VECMAP, WHO, ......

National Networks: RIVM, CVI, WUR, UU, ......

10

Actors (2)

Gerard Prinsen Jan Schamp Antoon Wever Bennie Heerink

Piet Boersma Jan Heesters Aad Ruiter Lex Tervelde Monica Tonkens

René v/d Berg

• Tick surveys• Mosquito surveys • Culicoides surveys

or

• National Vector Surveys: Scope: to gain insight about which indigenous vectors species occur in the Netherlands, when active, and relative abundance

• Exotic Vector Surveys: Scope: Early detection of the introduction of exotic/invasive vector species in known risk locations for introduction

Surveillance programme CMV

13

How?• Random stratified sampling

40% agricultural40% urban20% nature

• Cross-sectional

Nr. locations 2013: 150

NVS– mosquitoesScope:• To list distribution mosquito species in the Netherlands• Use data for making vector distribution models

Modelling• Input for disease-risk analysis RIVM and CVI

Why?• To gain insight about which indigenous mosquito

species occur in the Netherlands, when active, and relative abundance

Soortsamenstelling NVS-2012

1 10 100 1000 10000

Ae. annulipes/cantans

Ae. cinereus/geminus

Ae. communis

Ae. dorsalis

Ae. flavescens

Ae. geniculatus

Ae.japonicus

Ae. leucomelas

Ae. punctor

Ae. rusticus

Ae. sp.

Ae. sticticus

An. claviger

An. maculipennis s.l.

An. plumbeus

Cq. richardii

Cs. annulata

Cx. pipiens/torrentium

Cx. territans

Soor

tt

14

107 locations

100 locations

151 locations

±7.000 mosquitoes

18 species

NVS– mosquitoes 2012

Results 2010-2012

• 35.000 mosquitoes captured

NVS– mosquitoes

Surveillance at high risk entry points invasive mosquitoes

Lucky Bamboo

Used tires import

Schiphol airportRotterdam harbor close to infested neighboring areas (Belgium/Germany)

Exotic Mosquito Surveys in the Netherlands

Ae. japonicus finding

Highway

Lucky bamboo• 2005: first finding exotic mosquito in NL: Aedes albopictus

International flower trade: lucky bamboo from Guangdong, China

Aedes albopictus & Lucky bamboo

2013: 6 2 5/6

Two-weekly inspections

2 traps indoors, continuously running

3 oviposition traps outdoors (during season)

Control strategy Lucky bambooUntil 2011: Mosquito control in greenhouse after finding tiger mosquito

Since April 2011, AMvB Warenwet “Commodities Act” Dutch Legislation:

“Product specifications for Lucky bamboo import”

Highlights:

• First opening container in special safe and sealed room in greenhouse

• Obligatory use of adulticides after opening

• Obligatory use of larvicides (Bti or other adecuate) in greenhouse

• And Mosquito control in greenhouse after finding tiger mosquito

Problems: No registered larvicides in the Netherlands

Rotterdam harbor

Under surveillance since 2010

- Traps at 2 inspection locations (customs, NVWA)

- visual inspection of international ships/vessels

Results: so far, no exotic species found

Schiphol airport

Results 2010-2011:Exotic mosquitoes were found in 10 out of the 38 inspected airplane cabins (26.3%). (Scholte et al. 2014, in preparation)

Mosquito species reported vector of

- Ae. mcintoshi (n=1) RVFV, Wesselsbron virus, Middelburg virus

- Cx quinquefasciatus (n=9) WNV, lymphatic filariasis, RVFV

- Cx antennatus (n=2) RVFV, WNV

Survey 2013:

airplane cabin visual inspection upon arrival

Close to infested neighboring areas (Belg./Germany)

Aedes koreicus Aedes japonicus

EMS-Zuid Limburg

Close to infested neighboring areas (Belg./Germany)

So far, not found

Larval inspection cemeteries South Netherland

Larval inspection and oviposition traps in 3 cemeteries

24

Aedes japonicus finding in National Vector Survey 2012 in Lelystad

Sampling: end of Juli 2012Reported: 25 Januari 2013Proposal: Early spring 2013:• Intensive surveillance finding location• Evaluation mosquito control possibilities

EMS-Lelystad

Mosquito Magnet Traps:

X 12

Larval/adult samplings

Monitoring strategy (from May 2013):

EMS-Lelystad

Results: • Populations Ae. japonicusin Lelystad. • Unknown origin introduction• Mostly found in allotments (communal gardens), but also in cemetery and forests

EMS-Lelystad results

Control strategy Aedes japonicus

Proposed advice to Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport:

• Not active mosquito control populations

• To consider participation of people (community participation) to reduce mosquito population through good prepared targeted information for reducing breeding sites. This could fit into a broader strategy of controlling mosquitoes in the Netherlands.

Arguments

• Aedes japonicus is established in one Dutch municipality

• Mosquito control is disproportionate because of the damage to the environment

• There is currently no evidence that Ae. japonicus is a risk of transmission of infectious diseases in the human population

• The local nuisance is probably limited

EMS-Highway

2010-2011

So far, no findings

Risk-based monitoring: frequency based on 5 parameters.

Used tires import

Frequency inspections 2013:

26 companies (from 36 evaluated)2 x month (high risk) (n=15) 1 x season (low risk) (n=11)

Species 2013

Aedes albopictus

Results:1131 samplings31 samplings ‘positive’8 positive locations

Used tires import

Used tires import - Summary

27

2013 Ae. albopictus 73 (07/10/2013) inside and outside

Control strategy - Used tire import

• Intensive surveillanceLarval sampling 500m zone Extra traps

• Adulticiding • Larviciding • Removal breeding sites

Used tires import – 2014 news

• In 2013 agreement Ministry Public Health – Used tires companiesIndoors Risk tires (coming from infected regions)More indoor facilities Improvement tracing&tracking imported tires

• Use traps also in low risk companies (to consider)

In summary:

34

Exotic mosquitoes found in NL invasive (for NL) exotic

Aedes albopictus Asian tiger mosquito

Ae. atropalpus American rockpool mosquito

Ae. japonicus Asian bush mosquito

Ae. aegypti Yellow fever

Ae. mcintoshi no english name

Cx. quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito

Cx. antennatus no english name

In summary:

35

Aedes albopictus Asian tiger mosquito

Ae. aegypti Yellow fever mosquito

Ae. atropalpus American rockpool mosquito

Ae. japonicus Asian bush mosquito

Ae. mcintoshi no english name

Cx. quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito

Cx. antennatus no english name

Exotic mosquitoes found in NL

Thank you for your attention

MSc. Adolfo Ibáñez-Justicia

a.ibanezjusticia@minlnv.nl