Moses, Joshua, and the Judges. The first four commandments The last six commandments Deals with men’s relationship with one another. Deals with Israel’s

Moses, Moses,

Joshua, and the JudgesJoshua, and the Judges

The first four commandments

The last six commandments

Deals with men’s relationship with one

another.

Deals with Israel’s relationship with the

Lord.

No reasons needed.Reasons given for each command.

These laws are common to most of

the ancient cultures of that day.

Completely unique to this constitution. No other society in the ancient world had

similar laws.

The cloud covered theThe cloud covered thetent of meeting, and thetent of meeting, and theglory of the Lord filledglory of the Lord filledthe tabernacle (Exodusthe tabernacle (Exodus40:34)40:34)

EGYPTEGYPT

KadeshBarnea

EDOM

MOAB

ReubenGadMannaseh

Deuteronomy & the Suzerain Deuteronomy & the Suzerain TreatiesTreaties

• The PreambleThe Preamble

• The Historical PrologueThe Historical Prologue

• The StipulationsThe Stipulations

• Deposit and Reading of the Deposit and Reading of the CovenantCovenant

• WitnessesWitnesses

• Curses & BlessingsCurses & Blessings

• Moses dies• Joshua takes

the land

Tel el Amarna

Egypt1887

El AmarnaEl Amarna

Jericho

City of Palms

John Garstang

Excavated from1930-1936

Neolithic Wall

Kathleen Kenyon

Director of BritishSchool of Archaeologyfrom 1952-1958

Bryant WoodBryant Wood

Jericho Jericho

Jebus(Jerusalem)

RiverRiver

Jabb

ok

Jabb

ok

Adam Adam

Ai

Pool of Gibeon

Joshua 10:1-2Joshua 10:1-2Now it came about when Adoni-zedek

king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai, and had utterly destroyed it (just as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were within their land, that he feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mighty.

Jericho

Ai

Gibeon

Jerusalem

Hebron Lachish

Eglon

Jarmuth

Descent ofBeth Horon

Confederationof Kings from

the South

Joshua 10:11Joshua 10:11And it came about as they fled

from before Israel, while they were at the descend of Beth-horon, that the Lord threw large stones from heaven on them, as far as Azekah, and they died; there were more who died from the hailstones than those whom the sons of Israel killed with the sword.

~yIm;V'h;-!mi

Jericho

Ai

Gibeon

Jerusalem

Hebron Lachish

Eglon

Jarmuth

Descent ofBeth Horon

Azekah

Joshua 10:12-13Joshua 10:12-13Then Joshua spoke to the Lord in the day

when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the sons of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel,

"O sun, stand still at Gibeon,

And O moon in the valley of Aijalon."

So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped,

Until the nation avenged themselves of their enemies.

Is it not written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stopped in the middle of the sky, and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day.

Interpretations for this Interpretations for this PassagePassage

• Poetic InterpretationPoetic Interpretation• Can mean “stand still” or “be silent”Can mean “stand still” or “be silent”• Moon also stands stillMoon also stands still• Alternative: Sun called to shine more Alternative: Sun called to shine more

brightlybrightly

• Literal InterpretationLiteral Interpretation• Sun stoppedSun stopped• Sun did not hasten to go downSun did not hasten to go down• Localized or affecting whole planet?Localized or affecting whole planet?

Joshua 10:14Joshua 10:14And there was no day like that

before it or after it, when the Lord listened to the voice of a man; for the Lord fought for Israel.

Hazor

Madon

Shimron

Achshaph

Hazor

SolomonicGate

Joshua’s FailuresJoshua’s Failures

• He made a treaty with GibeonHe made a treaty with Gibeon

• He failed to take JerusalemHe failed to take Jerusalem

• He failed to permanently drive He failed to permanently drive

out the Canaanitesout the Canaanites

Mycenaeans

Hittites

TroyIndo-European

Tribes

“The Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD.”

“The LORD sold them into the hands of their enemies”

“And when the sons of Israel cried out to the LORD…”

“The LORD raised up a deliverer.”

Prologue in two parts (1-2)

Othniel Narrative (3:7-11)

•Ehud Narrative (3:12-31) Judge is social outcast Oppressors from east of the Jordan

Judges 3:8-9Then the anger of the LORD was

kindled against Israel, so that He sold them into the hands of Cushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia; and the sons of Israel served Cushan-rishathaim eight years. 9 And when the sons of Israel cried to the LORD, the LORD raised up a deliverer for the sons of Israel to deliver them, Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother.

Kingdom ofMitanni

Ehud

Deliverance from Moab

Moab

Ammon

Amalekites

City of Palm Trees

Judges 3:15

But when the sons of Israel cried to the Lord, the Lord raised up a deliverer for them, Ehud the son of Gera, the Benjamite, a left-handed man. And the sons of Israel sent tribute by him to Eglon the king of Moab.

Anymiy>-dy: rJeai vyai

“A man boundin his right hand”

ynIymiy>h;-!B,“Son of theright hand”

Judges 3:16-17

16 And Ehud made himself a sword which had two edges, a cubit in length; and he bound it on his right thigh under his cloak.

17 And he presented the tribute to Eglon king of Moab. Now Eglon was a very fat man.

Judges 3:20-2220 And Ehud came to him while he

was sitting alone in his cool roof chamber. And Ehud said, "I have a message from God for you." And he arose from his seat.

21 And Ehud stretched out his left hand, took the sword from his right thigh and thrust it into his belly. 22 The handle also went in after the blade, and the fat closed over the blade, for he did not draw the sword out of his belly; and the refuse came out.

Judges 3:23-25 Then Ehud went out into the vestibule and shut the doors of the roof chamber behind him, and locked them. 24 When he had gone out, his servants came and looked, and behold, the doors of the roof chamber were locked; and they said, "He is only relieving himself in the cool room." 25 And they waited until they became anxious; but behold, he did not open the doors of the roof chamber. Therefore they took the key and opened them, and behold, their master had fallen to the floor dead.




•Deborah/Barak Narrative (4-5) Woman slays enemy with blow to head

Deborah

Deliverance from Hazor

Hazor

Hazor

HaroshethHa-goyim

Mt Tabor“Cutting ofthe Nations”

Valley of Jezreel

.





Gideon Narrative (6:1 – 8:32)

GideonThe Warrior of the Lord

Armiesof Israel

MidianCamp






•Abimelech Narrative (8:33 – 10:5) Woman slays enemy with blow to head

Abimelech

“My Father the King”

ShechemShechem

Victory from the Seedof the Woman

Sisera Tent peg

through the Head

Abimelech

Killed by a woman

Millstone crushed his Head

Jephthah

The Deliverer who Vowed

PhilistinesAmmon

Jephthah’s VowDedicated to God Human Sacrifice

Being a judge, Jephthah must have been God-fearing and would not have violated the law

The promise of a simple animal sacrifice would not be a convincing vow in this situation

The Spirit of the Lord comes on Jephthah and he is seen in Hebrews 11 as one of faith

This does not take place while the Spirit of the Lord is on him and he is not commended for this

Daughter bewails her virginity and Judges 11:29 says “she knew not a man”

Burnt offering involves death in all 286 Old Testament instances

Jephthah’s VowDedicated to God Human Sacrifice

Exodus 38:8 & 1 Samuel 2:22 speak of women in service to the Tabernacle

If this were merely serving in the Tabernacle, why would this be a case for mourning?

Human sacrifice was a clear violation of God’s law; public opinion would have disallowed it

Human sacrifice was viewed as a last-ditch effort in battle (2 Kings 3:27)

Leviticus 27:1-8 allows for redemption of humans vowed for sacrifice

There is little evidence of Jephthah’s knowledge of the Law







•Jephthah Narrative (10:6 – 12:15) Judge is social outcast Oppressors from east of the Jordan

Samson Narrative (13-16)

Samson

The “He-Man” with the “She Weakness”

SamsonJudges 13-16

Sea Peoples

Minoans?

Jericho

Ai

Gibeon

Jerusalem

Gaza

Timnah

Beth Shemesh

Ashkelon

Ashdod Ekron

Samson Narrative• Nazarite Vow• Desire for a Philistine

woman• Wedding incident• Vengeance• Lehi Incident• Gates of Gaza• Samson & Delilah







•Jephthah Narrative (10:6 – 12:15) Judge is social outcast Oppressors from east of the Jordan

Samson Narrative (13-16)

Epilogue in two parts (17-21)

Judges 17:6Judges 17:6

In those days there was no king in Israel; every man did what was right in his own eyes.

Levite from Bethlehem becomes a priest to the people of Dan

17:1




17:1

19:1 Concubine from Bethlehem murdered in Gibeah and sparks war against tribe of Benjamin

Jebus(Jerusalem)

Gibeah

Gibeon

Bethlehem

Hill Countryof Ephraim




17:1

19:1 Concubine from Bethlehem murdered in Gibeah and sparks war against tribe of Benjamin

Ruth and Naomi return to Bethlehem where Ruth has grandfather of David

Ruth

Naomi’s Blessing Naomi’s Blessing (4:13-21)(4:13-21)

Boaz acquires right Boaz acquires right to be a kinsman to be a kinsman

redeemer (4:1-12)redeemer (4:1-12)

Boaz agrees to be a Boaz agrees to be a kinsman redeemer (3)kinsman redeemer (3)

Ruth discovers a Ruth discovers a potential kinsman potential kinsman

redeemer (2)redeemer (2)

Naomi’s Naomi’s Bitterness (1)Bitterness (1)

Documents

Moses, Joshua, and the Judges. The first four commandments The last six commandments Deals with men’s relationship with one another. Deals with Israel’s