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MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMSThird Edition

ANDREW S. TANENBAUM

Chapter 1

Introdution

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What I! An Operatin" S#!te$ %1&

A $odern o$puter on!i!t! o'(

) One or $ore proe!!or!

) Main $e$or#) Di!*!

) Printer!

) +ariou! input,output de-ie!

Mana"in" a the!e o$ponent! re/uire! a a#er o'

!o't0are the operating system

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What I! An Operatin" S#!te$ %2&

3i"ure 141. Where the operatin" !#!te$ 'it! in.

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The Operatin" S#!te$ a! an E5tended

Mahine

3i"ure 142. Operatin" !#!te$! turn u"# hard0are into 6eauti'u

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The Operatin" S#!te$ a! a Re!oure

Mana"er

) Ao0 $utipe pro"ra$! to run at the !a$e ti$e

) Mana"e and protet $e$or#7 I,O de-ie!7 and

other re!oure!) Inude! $utipe5in" %!harin"& re!oure! in t0o

di''erent 0a#!(

) In ti$e

) In !pae

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Co$puter 8ard0are Re-ie0

3i"ure 149. So$e o' the o$ponent!

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CPU Pipeinin"

3i"ure 14:. %a& A three4!ta"e pipeine. %6& A !uper!aar CPU.

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3i"ure 14;. %a& A /uad4ore hip 0ith a !hared

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3i"ure 14=. A t#pia $e$or# hierarh#.

The nu$6er! are -er# rou"h appro5i$ation!.

Me$or# %1&

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>ue!tion! 0hen deain" 0ith ahe(

) When to put a ne0 ite$ into the ahe.

) Whih ahe ine to put the ne0 ite$ in.

) Whih ite$ to re$o-e 'ro$ the ahe 0hen a

!ot i! needed.

) Where to put a ne0# e-ited ite$ in the ar"er$e$or#.

Me$or# %2&

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3i"ure 141?. Struture o' a di!* dri-e.

Di!*!

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3i"ure 1411. %a& The !tep! in !tartin" an I,O de-ie and

"ettin" an interrupt.

I,O De-ie!

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3i"ure 1412. The !truture o' a ar"e Pentiu$ !#!te$

Bu!e!

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The Operatin" S#!te$ @oo

) Main'ra$e operatin" !#!te$!

) Ser-er operatin" !#!te$!

) Mutiproe!!or operatin" !#!te$!

) Per!ona o$puter operatin" !#!te$!

) 8andhed operatin" !#!te$!

) E$6edded operatin" !#!te$!

) Rea4ti$e operatin" !#!te$!

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) Proe!!e!) Addre!! !pae!

) 3ie!

)Input,Output

) Protetion

) The !he

Operatin" S#!te$ Conept!

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Proe!!e!

3i"ure 141. A proe!! tree. Proe!! A reated t0o hidproe!!e!7 B and C. Proe!! B reated three hid

proe!!e!7 D7 E7 and 3.

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3i"ure 141. A 'ie !#!te$ 'or a uni-er!it# depart$ent.

3ie! %1&

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3i"ure 141. %a& Be'ore $ountin"7 the 'ie! on the CD4ROM are not

ae!!i6e. %6& A'ter $ountin"7 the# are part o' the 'ie

hierarh#.

3ie! %2&

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3i"ure 1419. T0o proe!!e! onneted 6# a pipe.

3ie! %&

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3i"ure 141:. The 11 !tep! in $a*in" the !#!te$ a

read%'d7 6u''er7 n6#te!&.

S#!te$ Ca!

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3i"ure 141;. So$e o' the $aor POSI !#!te$ a!.

S#!te$ Ca! 'or Proe!! Mana"e$ent

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3i"ure 141;. So$e o' the $aor POSI !#!te$ a!.

S#!te$ Ca! 'or 3ie Mana"e$ent %1&

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3i"ure 141;. So$e o' the $aor POSI !#!te$ a!.

S#!te$ Ca! 'or 3ie Mana"e$ent %2&

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3i"ure 141;. So$e o' the $aor POSI !#!te$ a!.

Mi!eaneou! S#!te$ Ca!

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3i"ure 141=. A !tripped4do0n !he.

A Si$pe She

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3i"ure 142?. Proe!!e! ha-e three !e"$ent!(

te5t7 data7 and !ta*.

Me$or#

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3i"ure 1421. %a& T0o diretorie! 6e'ore in*in"/usr/jim/memo to

a!tF! diretor#. %6& The !a$e diretorie! a'ter in*in".

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3i"ure 1422. %a& 3ie !#!te$ 6e'ore the $ount.

%6& 3ie !#!te$ a'ter the $ount.

Mountin"

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Monoithi !#!te$! 6a!i !truture(

) A $ain pro"ra$ that in-o*e! the re/ue!ted

!er-ie proedure.

) A !et o' !er-ie proedure! that arr# out the

!#!te$ a!.

) A !et o' utiit# proedure! that hep the !er-ieproedure!.

Operatin" S#!te$! Struture

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3i"ure 1429. Struture o' the MINI !#!te$.

Miro*erne!

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3i"ure 142:. The ient4!er-er $ode o-er a net0or*.

Cient4Ser-er Mode

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3i"ure 142=. %a& A t#pe 1 h#per-i!or. %6& A t#pe 2 h#per-i!or.

+irtua Mahine!

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3i"ure 14?. The proe!! o' o$piin" C and header 'ie! to

$a*e an e5euta6e.

The Mode o' Run Ti$e