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8/3/2019 Monolithic Memory
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8/3/2019 Monolithic Memory
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Vn|hw aof Gkofbvbkow
ENCAE OKVBGN
Vdn P~lebwdn| daw wv|b}nf vk ln aw agg~|avn aof gkhpenvn aw pkwwblen
bo vdn g|navbko km vdbw |npk|v% okvsbvdwvaofboc vdn magv vdav dn fknw
okv sa||aov k| |np|nwnov av aor vbhn vdav vdn gkovnovw sbvdbo a|n
agg~|avn f~n vk vdn |apbfer gdaocboc oav~|n km vdn Bovn|onv/
Sdben aee avvnhpvw da}n lnno hafn vk }n|bmr bomk|havbko p|k}bfnf bo
vdbw p~lebgavbko% vdn P~lebwdn| aww~hnw ok |nwpkowblbebvr mk| n||k|w%
khbwwbkow% k| gkov|a|r bovn|p|nvavbko km vdn w~lingv havvn| dn|nbo/
Aor pn|gnb}nf webcdvw km wpngbmbg pn|wkow% pnkpenw% k| k|caobyavbkow
a|n ~obovnovbkoae/
Bo p|agvbgae af}bgn lkkjw% ebjn aorvdboc newn bo ebmn% vdn|n a|n ok
c~a|aovnnw km bogkhn hafn/ \nafn|w a|n ga~vbkonf vk |nper ko vdnb|
kso i~fchnov alk~v vdnb| bofb}bf~ae gb|g~hwvaognw vk agvaggk|fbocer/
Vdbw lkkj bw okv bovnofnf mk| ~wn aw a wk~|gn km encae% l~wbonww%
aggk~ovboc k| mboaogbae af}bgn/ Aee |nafn|w a|n af}bwnf vk wnnj wn|}bgnw
km gkhpnvnov p|kmnwwbkoaew bo encae% l~wbonww% aggk~ovboc aof mboaogn
mbnefw/
Rk~ a|n nogk~|acnf vk p|bov vdbw lkkj mk| nawr |nafboc/
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Valen Km Gkovnovw
Mk|nsk|f
Gdapvn| 19
Vdn Lawbgw Ko Hnhk|r
Gdapvn| 9
Mboae Vbpw
S|appboc ^p
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Mk|nsk|f
Haor wgbnovbmbg ntpn|vw sbee vnee rk~ vdav sn i~wv fko#v da}n vdn pksn|
vk |nhnhln| magvw% bhacnw k| n}novw pn|mngver aw vdk~cd sn daf a
pdkvkc|apdbg hnhk|r/ \nc|nvvaler% aevdk~cd bofb}bf~aew hbcdv war
vdav vdnr fk da}n a pdkvkc|apdbg hnhk|r: vdbw peaboer bwov v|~n% aw bv
fknwo#v ntbwv/
Dksn}n| fko#v sk||r aw vd|k~cd vdbw lkkj sn#ee wdks rk~ vdn wvnpw
vdav rk~ a|n alen vk vajn vk dnep lnvvn| rk~| hnhk|r/ Aw a havvn| km
magv% sbvd a ebvven vbhn aof h~gd p|agvbgn% haor bofb}bf~aew a|n alen vk
cabo vdn hbcdv vk hnhk|byn sdav wnnhw vk ln ao bogkognb}alen
ahk~ov km fava aof bomk|havbko/
N}no bm rk~ wbhper sbwd vk |nhnhln| sdn|n rk~ |naeer enmv rk~| jnrw
m|kh vdn obcdv lnmk|n% vdno vdbw lkkj k~cdv vk dnep rk~/
Hkokebvdbg Hnhk|r
Aee Alk~v Hnhk|r Bhp|k}nhnov Mk| A Lnvvn| Ebmn
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Gdapvn| 19Vdn Lawbgw Ko Hnhk|r
Wrokpwbw
Rk~ ~ofn|wvaof vdav bo k|fn| vk bog|nawn h~wg~ea| wv|nocvd rk~ da}n
vk ntn|gbwn% snee vdn wahn cknw mk| |naeer bog|nawboc rk~| pksn| vk
|ngaee vdbocw/ Rk~| hbof onnfw ntn|gbwn% aewk/ Wk rk~| fbnv onnfw vk ln
ckkf% aof rk~ da}n vk ekkj av vajboc ~p h~gd mbvvn| dalbvw/
\nc|nvvaler% lnga~wn k~| l|abow a|n wk gkhpent% vdnr onnf a ekv km
sk|j bo k|fn| vk cnv vdnh bo vdn lnwv wdapn gkognb}alen/ Vdn|n a|n a
o~hln| km vdbocw vdav rk~ a|n alen vk ekkj av fkboc sdbgd sbee dnep
rk~ lnvvn| vdn gapagbvr km vdn |nv|bn}ae hngdaobwh bo rk~| hbof/ L~v
mb|wv% env ~w da}n a ekkj av dks bv bw sn |ngaee vdbocw/
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Vdn Sk|jbocw
Vk p~v bv bo nawr vn|hw% k~| hnhk|r bw vdn agvbko ga||bnf k~v bo k~|
hbof vk |nhnhln| bomk|havbko vdav sn da}n cabonf vd|k~cd
ntpn|bnognw bo k~| eb}nw/ L~v% bv bw a gkhpent p|kgnf~|n sdbgd bo}ke}nw
awwk|vnf pa|vw km vdn hbof% aof wn|}nw ~w aee bo }n|r awwk|vnf sarw/ Bv
har nbvdn| ln wdk|v vn|h k| ekoc vn|h/
Sbvd wdk|v vn|h hnhk|r% rk~#ee fbwgk}n| vdav rk~| l|abo bw alen vk
wvk|n gn|vabo pbngnw km bomk|havbko mk| koer a gk~pen km wngkofw k|
hbo~vnw/
\nc|nvvaler% vdn bww~n sbvd vdbw hnhk|r bw vdav bv#w |naeer m|acben% aof bm
bv sn|n vk |nvabo aee vdn fava bv |ngnb}nw% rk~| hbof sk~ef wkko ln
vneeboc rk~ vdav bv daw ok hk|n leaoj wpagn/
Pe~w% nagd bofb}bf~aew wdk|v vn|h hnhk|r bw koer hnaov vk dkef
a|k~of wn}no bvnhw av aor kon vbhn% aof vdbw bw sdr% sdben rk~ hbcdv
ln alen vk |ngaee a ons pdkon o~hln| mk| a gk~pen km hbo~vnw% rk~#ee
m|nq~nover mbof vdav sdno rk~#|n ckboc vk p~|gdawn wkhnvdboc koebon
sbvd rk~| gda|cn ga|f% rk~ onnf bv lnwbfn rk~% lnga~wn bv |naeer daw
hk|n vdao 3 bvnhw ko bv/
Ekoc vn|h hnhk|r bw aee vk fk sbvd vdn fava vdav rk~#|n hajboc ao
nmmk|v vk |nvabo% lkvd gkowgbk~wer aof ~ogkowgbk~wer/ Vdbw bw lnga~wn
vdn fava hbcdv ln pa|vbg~ea|er pn|wkoae aof hnaobocm~e vk rk~% k| bv#w
lnga~wn bv#w wkhnvdboc vdav rk~ |nq~b|n bo k|fn| vk mbobwd a vawj k| vk
vajn wkhn vnwvw/
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Aee vdn wahn% vdn|n#w wkhn fava vdav rk~ |nvabo bo rk~| ekoc vn|h
hnhk|r sdbgd sbee onnf rk~ vk hajn a gkowgbk~w nmmk|v bo k|fn| vk
|nhnhln| bv% ebjn a pn|wkoae hnhk|r sdbgd |neavnw vk a pa|vbg~ea|
ntpn|bnogn k| vbhn bo rk~| ebmn% jokso aw npbwkfbg hnhk|r% k| bvhbcdv ln wkhn magv~ae fava vdav rk~ onnf vk |nhnhln|% aof vdbw bw
jokso aw wnhaovbg hnhk|r/
Vdn kvdn| wk|v km ekoc vn|h hnhk|r vdav sn aee da}n bw jokso aw
p|kgnf~|ae hnhk|r% aof vdbw bw sdn|n rk~| hnhk|r sbee |nhnhln|
wjbeew k| |k~vbonw vdav rk~ ~vbebyn wk vdav rk~ fko#v da}n vk gkowgbk~wer
|ngaee vdnh/
Vdn|n a|n pa|vbg~ea| pa|vw km vdn hbof sdbgd a|n pa|vbg~ea|er g|~gbae
bo |neavbko vk okv koer vdn fava% l~v aewk vdn |nvnovbko km hnhk|bnw%
aof vdnwn a|n aw wdkso lneks/
Dbppkgahp~w Vdbw bw mk~of fnnp bo vdn d~hao hbof% aof pearw vdn
ea|cnwv |ken bo vdn hbof p|kgnwwboc fava aw hnhk|r/
Ahrcfaea Vdbw bw ao aehkof wdapnf pbngn km vdn hbof sdbgd bw
mk~of gekwn vk vdn dbppkgahp~w aof p|kgnwwnw ao bofb}bf~ae#w
nhkvbkow/ Vdbw gn|vabo a|na dnepw vk bhp|bov hnhk|bnw bovk vdn hbof
sdbgd ammngv nhkvbkow/
Gn|nl|ae Gk|vnt Vdbw bw vdn k~vn| earn| km vdn d~hao hbof% aof bw
sdn|n h~gd ekoc vn|h hnhk|r bw wvk|nf bo awwk|vnf fbmmn|nov wngvk|w/
Bv sbee aee fnpnof ~pko sdn|n gn|vabo hnhk|bnw a|n wvk|nf% aw vk sdav
p|kgnf~|n vdn fava bo}ke}nw/ Wk eaoc~acn sbee ln wvk|nf bo kon wngvk|%
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wnowk|r bop~v bovk a fbmmn|nov% bww~n wke}boc bovk rnv a fbmmn|nov wngvk|
aof wk mk|vd/
Aw snee aw vdn alk}n% vdn hnhk|r ebjnsbwn bo}ke}nw gkhh~obgavbko
dappnoboc lnvsnno vdn l|abow awwk|vnf onvsk|j km on~|kow aof gneew
$hbeebkow km sdbgd a|n wnv kmm lr gdnhbgaew bo vdn hbof jokso aw
on~|kv|aowhbvvn|w"/
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Gdapvn|
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Lawbg Bhp|k}nhnov
Lneks sn#ee }bns wkhn awwk|vnf sarw bo sdbgd rk~ a|n alen vk dnep vkbhp|k}n rk~| hnhk|r/
1/ Gkowvaover Par Avvnovbko
Bm rk~ fko#v par nok~cd avvnovbko vk wkhnvdboc vdav rk~ sbwd vk ena|o
alk~v% vdno rk~| hbof fknwo#v da}n vdn gdaogn vk nogkfn vdn fava aof
vdno wvk|n bv asar mk| m~v~|n pkbov km |nmn|nogn/ Bv vajnw app|ktbhavner
4 wngkofw km wkhnlkfr bovnover gnovn|boc ko a gn|vabo pbngn km fava bo
k|fn| mk| bv vk ln p|kgnwwnf vd|k~cd vdnb| dbppkgahp~w aof vdno bo vk
vdn w~bvalen wngvbko km vdnb| hnhk|r gnovn|/ Wk bv#w g|~gbae vdav rk~
gnovn| ko kon vdboc koer av a vbhn% aof v|r okv vk h~evb(vawj/ Bm rk~#|n
ebjn wkhn bofb}bf~aew% aof fbwgk}n| vdav rk~ lngkhn fbwv|agvnf |naeer
nawber% vdno wna|gd k~v a q~bnv gk|on| sdn|n rk~ joks rk~ sbee okv ln
fbw|~pvnf/
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7/ Cnv aee rk~| wnownw ammngvnf
Fkov wbhper |ner ko rk~| nrnw% n}no bm rk~#|n wkhnlkfr sdk ena|ow
aof |nhnhln|w havvn|w }bw~aeer/ Sdr okv |naf aek~f sdav rk~ da}nvk hnhk|byn% aof avvnhpv aof |ngbvn bv vk rk~|wnem |drvdhbgaeer; Rk~
sbee ln ahaynf av dks h~gd lnvvn| rk~| hnhk|r cnvw/ Ebjnsbwn v|r
aof |neavn vdn fava vdav rk~#|n v|rboc vk hnhk|byn vk gkek|w% vntv~|nw%
whneew aw snee aw vawvnw/ A ekv km bofb}bf~aew da}n fbwgk}n|nf vdav lr
|naeer pdrwbgaeer |ns|bvboc vdn fava vdav vdnr da}n vk bhp|bov ko vk
vdnb| l|abo dnepw vdnh/
6/ Awwkgbavn vdn fava vk ln cabonf vk wkhnvdboc rk~ ae|nafr joks
alk~v/
Sdno gkeengvboc aor m|nwd fava% awwkgbavn bv vk fava vdav rk~ ae|nafr
da}n wvk|nf bo rk~| hnhk|r aof sdbgd rk~#|n alen vk |ngaee/
>/ K|caobyn vdn fava
Bm rk~ da}n vk% s|bvn havvn|w fkso bo nbvdn| ao aff|nww lkkj k| fba|r%
k| ko a gaenofa|/ Bm rk~#|n fnaeboc sbvd h~gd hk|n gkhpent havn|bae
k| fava% vdno vajn okvnw aof vdno |nc|k~p vdnwn okvnw bo vk pa|vbg~ea|
gavnck|bnw eavn| ko kogn rk~ da}n vbhn/ Bm rk~ da}n vk% ~vbebyn lkvd
sk|fw aof pbgv~|nw vk dnep rk~ ena|o vdn fava vdav rk~ saov vk |nvabo
bo rk~| hnhk|r/
=/ Ena|o vk gkhp|ndnof aof v|aoweavn gkhpent havn|bae
Sdno rk~#|n avvnhpvboc vk ena|o hk|n gkhpent havn|bae k| w~lingvw%
vdno gnovn| ko wbhper ~ofn|wvaofboc vdn lawbg bfnaw km vdn havvn|
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bowvnaf km hnhk|byboc koer bwkeavnf pa|vw km bv/ Gkowbfn| lnboc alen vk
ntpeabo vk wkhnlkfr newn bo rk~| kso sk|fw alk~v vdn w~lingv k|
havvn|/
3/ \ndna|wn vdn fava vdav rk~#}n |ngnb}nf
Bvw g|~gbae vdav rk~ |n}bns n}n|rvdboc rk~#}n ena|onf n}n|r far ko vdn
wahn far% aof vdno |n}bns bv n}n|r oks aof vdno/ Ebjnsbwn% bm rk~ a|n
alen vk% k}n| ena|o alk~v a gn|vabo w~lingv k| havvn|% aw rk~#ee
m|nq~nover mbof vdav rk~ a|n alen vk lncbo vk |ngaee vdn fava aw bm bv saw
wngkof oav~|n vk rk~/
4/ Ln pkwbvb}n aof |nhabo hkvb}avnf
Bvw g|~gbae vdav rk~ jnnp vneeboc rk~|wnem vdav rk~ sbwd vk ena|o vdn
havvn|w vdav rk~ da}n vk |nhnhln|/ Ebjnsbwn |nhbof rk~|wnem vdav
rk~ a|n alen vk ena|o alk~v havvn|w aof vdno |nhnhln| vdnh/ Bm rk~
|naeer vnee rk~|wnem vdav rk~| hnhk|r bw laf% vdno vdbw sbee |naeer
dahpn| okv koer rk~% l~v aewk rk~| l|abo bo lnboc alen vk |nhnhln|
havvn|w/
Dksn}n| lr lnboc pkwbvb}n% rk~#|n |naeer dnepboc rk~|wnem lnvvn| rk~|
hnhk|r/
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Gdapvn| 79Eb}n Fbmmn|nover Vk Lnvvn| Hnhk|r
Wrokpwbw
Lr v|navboc rk~| lkfr snee% rk~ k~cdv vk ln alen vk nodaogn rk~|
albebvbnw av lnboc alen vk p|kgnww aof |nhnhln| fava/
Dn|n% sn sbee da}n a ekkj av a mns fbmmn|nov dnaevdr dalbvw rk~ har
bovnc|avn bo vk vdn ebmn rk~ enaf av vdn p|nwnov vbhn bo k|fn| vk awwbwvrk~| hnhk|r/
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Eb}n Lnvvn|
1/ Pdrwbgae ntn|vbko
\nc~ea| pdrwbgae ntn|vbko dnepw vk bog|nawn vdn meks km ktrcno vk vdn
l|abo/ Vdbw% bo v~|o% l|bocw fkso vdn |bwj mk| rk~ w~mmn|boc m|kh
v|k~lenw sdbgd har enaf vk hnhk|r ekww% ebjn ga|fbk}awg~ea| fbwnawnw
k| fbalnvnw/
Ebjnsbwn% bv dnepw vk lnvvn| vdn nmmngvw vdav vdn dnepm~e l|abo gdnhbgaew
da}n% aw snee aw p|kvngvboc vdkwn l|abo gneew rk~ ae|nafr lna|/
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dk~|w nagd obcdv% vdno f~|boc vdn far% rk~#ee ln mnneboc vb|nf aof sbee
mbof bv |naeer da|f vk gkognov|avn/
6/ Fko#v whkjn
Aorlkfr sdk whkjnw bw av a c|navn| |bwj km w~mmn|boc m|kh a }awg~ea|
fbwk|fn|% sdbgd bo v~|o har |nw~ev bo vdnh da}boc a wv|kjn% k| vdnb|
a|vn|bnw lngkhn gkhp|nwwnf% aof wk vdn fneb}n|r km ktrcno vk vdn
l|abo bw fng|nawnf/
>/ Lnvvn| rk~| fbnv
A|nov sn aee lnboc vkef vdnwn farw vdav a c|nav fbnv bw kon sdbgd
gkovabow m|~bv% }nccbnw aw snee aw sdken c|abow aof bovneebcnov mavw; Okv
koer har a c|nav fbnv w~pper k~| lkfr sbvd penovr km dnaevd lnonmbvw% bv
har ebjnsbwn awwbwv vk lnvvn| ao bofb}bf~aew hnhk|r/
\nwna|gd ntng~vnf bw bofbgavboc vdav pa|vbg~ea| o~v|bnovw sbee awwbwv vk
okv koer o~|v~|n% l~v ebjnsbwn a|k~wn vdn m~ogvbkow km vdn l|abo/
a/ ]bvahbo L=% L1< aof Mkebg Agbf
Vdnwn awwbwv vk p|kvngv vdn l|abow on~|kow lr l|najboc fksodkhkgrwvnbon% sdbgd bw ao ahbok agbf aof sdbgd bw vktbg vk vdn on|}n
gneew/ Dksn}n| vdnr ebjnsbwn awwbwv vk hajn |nf lekkf gneew vdav k~|
lkfbnw onnf bo k|fn| vk ga||r ktrcno a|k~of bv% boge~fboc vk vdn l|abo/
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Vdn hkwv lnonmbgbae peagnw vk cnv a ckkf wk~|gn km ]bvahbow L m|kh
a|n bo wpboagd peaov% aw snee aw affbvbkoae wk|vw km fa|j c|nno enamnf
}nccbnw% l|kggkeb% awpa|ac~w% wv|asln||bnw% hnekow aw snee aw leagj
lnaow aof affbvbkoae wk|vw km enc~hnw/ Ebjnsbwn% rk~ k~cdv vkbog|nawn rk~| bovajn km m|~bv aof wkrlnaow/
l/ Aovbktbfaovw
Wpngbmbgaeer% sn#|n ekkjboc av ]bvahbow G aof N% aekoc sbvd Lnva
Ga|kvnon/ Vdnr awwbwv bo mbcdvboc aor m|nn |afbgaew bo vdn lkfr% sdbgd
a|n hkeng~enw vdav a|n mk|hnf kogn ktrcno bw alen vk bovn|agv sbvd
pa|vbg~ea| hkeng~enw bo vdn lkfr/ Vdnr#|n dbcder |nagvb}n% aof har
ga~wn fahacn vk vdn lkfrw gneew/ Dksn}n| aovbktbfaovw a|n alen vk
bovn|agv sbvd vdnwn wamner% aof wk a|n alen vk gk~ovn|agv vdnh/ Vdnwn
aovbktbfaovw har awwbwv vk lnvvn| vdn meks km ktrcno vd|k~cd aof
vd|k~cd k~| lkfbnw aof vk vdn l|abo/
Vdn hkwv lnonmbgbae peagnw vk mbof vdnwn gn|vabo aovbktbfaovw bo a|n
le~nln||bnw% aof aee kvdn| vrpnw km ln||bnw% aekoc sbvd wsnnv pkvavknw%
|nf vkhavknw% wpboagd peaov aw snee aw l|kggkeb aof c|nno vna% o~vw
aof wnnfw/ Aewk% gbv|~w m|~bvw aof eb}n| a|n a ckkf wk~|gn mk| cnvvboc
aovbktbfaovw aewk/
g/ Mavvr Agbfw Khnca 7
Vdnwn a|n gkofnownf bo vdn l|abo aof a|n ammbebavnf sbvd a pn|wkow
gkcobvb}n m~ogvbkow/ Vdnwn gk~ov aw wk~of mavw bo a pn|wkow fbnv%
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~oebjn vdkwn sdbgd a|n okv% ebjn wav~|avnf aof v|aow mavw/ Vdnr dnep vk
p|kvngv ao bofb}bf~ae acabowv bomeahhavbko% aw snee aw da}boc ao
~ppn|(en}ne km gdkenwvn|ke bo vdnb| lkfr/
Vdn hkwv lnonmbgbae peagnw vk cnv Khnca 7 mavvr agbfw bw lr gkow~hboc
gkef savn| mbwd% ebjn waehko% dn||boc% v~oa% hagjn|ne k| daebl~v/
Ebjnsbwn% saeo~vw% saeo~v kbe% meatwnnf aof bvw kbe a|n a c|nav wk~|gn km
Khnca 7 mavvr agbfw/
Pe~w% aw sn cnv kefn|% sn#|n hk|n ebjner vk w~mmn| m|kh a fnmbgbnogr km
lkvd ]bvahbo L1< aof Mkebg Agbf% aof wk bv#w g|~gbae vdav kefn|
bofb}bf~aew ~vbebyn a w~ppenhnov vk gk~ovn|agv w~gd fnmbgbnogbnw/ Bm
rk~#|n wkhnlkfr sdk bw okv pa|vbg~ea|er jnno ko mbwd% vdno ebjnsbwn
afhbv ao Khnca 7 w~ppenhnov aw pa|v km rk~| m|nwd fbnv |ncbhn/
L~v% ok o~v|bnov sbee sk|j nmmngvb}ner sbvdk~v ~w navboc vdn |bcdv wk|vw
km mkkfw aewk/ Vdn|nmk|n% bv#w g|~gbae vdav aw pa|v km rk~| dnaevdr fbnv
|ncbhn% rk~ wnn vk bv vdav rk~ gkow~hn penovr km gkek|m~e peaov mkkfw
aof wnengv vdkwn mavw sdbgd har awwbwv vk jnnp rk~| a|vn|bnw gena|/ Bo
vdn ekoc |~o% okv koer rk~| lkfr% l~v rk~| hbof sbee ln vdaojboc rk~
mk| vdn aevn|avbkow vdav rk~#}n hafn/
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Gdapvn| 69Awwkgbavbko Vngdobq~n
Wrokpwbw
K~| hnhk|r sk|jw lr |ngaeeboc havvn|w vd|k~cd ammbebavbko/ Sdav vdbw
hnaow bw vdav nagd pbngn km fava sn da}n bo k~| hnhk|r bw gkoongvnf
vk a fbmmn|nov pbngn bo kon sar k| aokvdn|/
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Rk~| Hnhk|r
Bm rk~ sn|n cb}no vdn sk|f% w~ppkwn% appen% aof vdno rk~ hbcdv fk
wkhnvdboc ebjn vdbw bo k|fn| vk |ngaee sdav ao appen bw9 |nf% |k~of%wsnnv% fkgvk|% v|nn aof m|~bv/
Sdbgd aw rk~ a|n alen vk wnn bw sdn|n w~gd havvn|w aw ao appen a far
jnnpw vdn fkgvk| asar hbcdv ln a warboc vdav bofb}bf~aew |nc~ea|er
~vbebyn bo k|fn| vk |ngaee vdav navboc c|nav dnaevdr mkkfw% ebjn m|~bv% sbee
jnnp vdnh m|kh cnvvboc bee/
Ebjnsbwn% bm rk~ sn|n awjnf lr a mns sdav vdn 3vd envvn| km vdn
aepdalnv saw% vdno vdn gdaognw a|n rk~#f wva|v kmm lr wvavboc vk
rk~|wnem a% l% g% f% n% m% c aof vdno aek~f rk~#f war C/
F~|boc vdbw rk~}n lnno ~vbebyboc ammbebavbko% aw rk~ joks vdav vdn mb|wv
envvn| km vdn aepdalnv bw A aof rk~#}n jnpv ko ckboc vd|k~cd vdnh vbee
rk~#}n nofnf ~p sbvd vdn envvn| vdav rk~ sn|n wnnjboc/
Sdben haor bofb}bf~aew vdboj vdav vdnr#}n a laf hnhk|r% |naeer% vdnr
fkov/ Aw a havvn| km magv% hkwv km ~w da}n v|~er ckkf hnhk|bnw: bvw
i~wv vdav sn#|n okv snee p|agvbgnf bo ~vbebyboc vdnh vk vdnb| m~ee
nmmngvb}nonww/ Rnv% bm vdbw bw v|~n% vdno sdr fk a mns bofb}bf~aew mbof bvwk c|~neboc vk |ngaee gn|vabo ammab|w;
Aw p|n}bk~wer hnovbkonf% k~| hnhk|r sk|jw ~vbebyboc ammbebavbko/ Bm
vdn|n#w ok kl}bk~w ammbebavbko lnvsnno pa|vbg~ea| havvn|w% vdno bv
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Aesarw vajn vdn 1wv envvn| k| wreealenw bo k|fn| vk mk|h a m|nwd sk|f
sdbgd wpneew k~v vdn fava vdav rk~ sbwd vk |ngaee/
Wk bm rk~#|n ekkjboc vk |ngaee vdn mb}n c|nav eajnw mk| a cnkc|apdr vnwv%
vdno rk~ har war D/K/H/N/W/% sdbgd vdno vneew rk~ vdav vdnr#|n
D~|ko% Kova|bk% Hbgdbcao% N|bn aof W~pn|bk|/
=/ Oa||avb}n
Vdbw bw a c|nav bhacboavb}n p|kgnf~|n% aw bv dnepw rk~ vk p|kf~gn a
wnovnogn% wvk|r% ga|vkko k| }bw~ae pbgv~|n bo rk~| l|abo bo k|fn| mk|
rk~ vk |ngaee wkhn }bvae fava/
3/ Hap
^vbebyboc wv|~gv~|n dnepw vk l|boc alk~v a fbac|ahhavbg
|np|nwnovavbko km vdn |neavbkowdbp fbwgk}n|nf lnvsnno haik| bfnaw%
w~l geawwnw aof aee vdn w~ppk|vboc fnvabe aof fava vdav rk~ da}n vk
|ngaee/
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4/ A||aocnhnov
P~v ~obvw km fava vdav rk~ onnf vk |ngaee bo vn|hw km vdnb| ekgavbko k| bogd|kokekcbgae k|fn|/
2/ Ckboc vd|k~cd
^vbebyboc vdbw fn}bgn% rk~#ee nbvdn| agv k~v% k| ck vd|k~cd vdn hkvbkow
bo k|fn| vk cnv a mnne mk| ao bfna/
S|bvn ~p vdn sk|f k| fava vdav rk~ onnf vk |nv|bn}n% aof vdno%
~vbebyboc rk~| bofnt mbocn|% ck k}n| aof v|agn vdn wdapn km vdn sk|f
aof wnn bv bo rk~| l|abo/
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S|appboc ^p
Vdn|n daw lnno a ekv km ckkf bomk p|k}bfnf dn|n//// L~v wbhper lnga~wn
rk~#}n |naf vdbw lkkj fknwov hnao rk~| hnhk|r bw hb|ag~ek~wer
gdaocnf/ Rk~ da}n vk vajn vdn wvnpw/
Hnhk|r bw a g|~gbae pa|v km ebmn wk bw parboc avvnovbko vk dks vk
lnvvn| bv aof dkpnm~eer vdbw lkkj daw cb}no rk~ a mns }ae~alen bfnaw/