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8/10/2019 Module 1 Introduction to Networking Management 2s.pdf
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Module 1: Introduction toNetworking Management
Overview
What is network management?
Why manage network? Challenges in managing enterprise
networks
Network management areas
Implications for management
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What is Network Management ?
In general, network management is a service that employs a variety, ,
managers in monitoring and maintaining the performance ofnetworks.
Network management means different things to different people. Insome cases, it involves a solitary network consultant monitoringnetwork activity with an outdated protocol analyser. In other cases,network management involves a distributed database, auto-pollingof network devices, and high-end workstations generating real-time
.
*Ref CISCO Systems Website http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/nmbasics.htm#xtocid4
What is Network Management 2
Network management refers to the activities, methods,proce ures, an oo s a per a n o e opera on,administration, maintenance and provisioning of networkedsystems.
Functions performed as part of network management include: controlling, planning, allocating, deploying, coordinating and
monitoring the resources of a network, network planning, frequency allocation and predetermined traffic
routing to support load balancing, cryp ograp c ey s r u on, au or sa on an secur y
management configuration management, fault management, performance
management, bandwidth management; and accountingmanagement
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Why bother with Network
Performance Management ?
Typical Performance Metrics
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) Mean Time to Re air MTTR Response Time
Speed Percentage Availability Reliability Errored Seconds rror a e Voice Quality Others ?
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When things Fail
This is an example of the case where if any one device orprocess fails the whole device or process has failed.
When things Fail
This is an example of the case where if any one device or process failsthe whole device or process has failed.
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When things FailThis is an
the casewhere alldevicesmust fail for
device orprocess tofail.
However !
Network Performance Management Costs Money
Administrative Overheads
Equipment
Links and bearers
Protocol Overheads
Etc.
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The Process for Business Grade
Networking
(Cisco Systems, 2010)
Why Manage your Network?
Managing the network overall: , , -
and virtualised services have turned yesterdays low-speed, data-onlynetworks into information technology platforms supporting a multitude ofbusiness services.
The redundancy and rerouting designed into these networks has mostlyhidden actual hardware or circuit outages from end users.
Managing network performance: The bigger challenge is how to address the often-persistent intermittent
app cat on egra at ons t at represent a t reat to revenue, customerservice and reputation.
The packets transporting business applications throughout a globalnetwork can be leveraged for analysis to achieve the highest level of anetwork operations maturity process.
The reward for using these packets as evidence and implementing amature management process for troubleshooting will be dramaticreductions in mean time to restore (MTTR) application services.
(Haggerty, 2008)
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High Cost of Non-
Responsiveness Corporations Can Lose Millions of Dollars in Just One Hour If a
Mission-Critical Application Becomes Unavailable or Does Not RunCorrectly, Quickly or Completely
Business Average US$ Cost per Hour
Brokerage Operations $6.45 Million
Credit Card Authorisation $2.6 Million
Home Shopping TV $113,000
Pay-per-View TV $150,000
Catalog Sales $90,000
Airline Reservations $89,500
Tele-Ticket Sales $69,000
Package Shipping $28,000
ATM Fees $14,000
Source: Contingency Planning Research
How Much Management?
Todays computer and communicationsso ware an ar ware ave very argeamounts of management capability built in.
It is also possible to install additionalsoftware and hardware and other tools forthe ex ress ur ose of more detailedmanagement.
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5 Challenges in Managing
Enterprise Networks Lack of high-definition visibility
,for medical images to appear can impact treatment options
A unified network can no longer be managed as multiple trafficsilos In the modern, fully converged IP network, voice, video and data compete for
common resources and can affect one anothers even if individual applicationsseem to be working properly
You cannot manage what you cannot see In dealing with service-oriented architecture-based applications, trouble-shooting
must start at the virtual service network level not the physical network level
Monitoring health of infrastructure elements is helpful But also depends on the interaction and communications between network
elements
Must be able to identify business use vs. recreational use vs.security threats Recreational use often presents itself as legitimate traffic from users to a legacy
management tool
The Impact of UnmanagedServices
Network Outages
E.g. banks, airlines, transaction services
Cost money or Customers Indirectly E.g. ISPs, Telcos etc.
Outages may ultimately cause an organisationto go out of business
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Views of Network Management
CEO view financial mana ement of cor orate comms network
management of orders, inventory, accounting information
CIO view corporate budget end-user perspective providing more service with less money
End User view require data comms infrastructure to be working at all
times
Outsourcing
Work does not stop when outsourcing toerv ce rov ers
No Service Providers will sign UnlimitedLiability Liquidated Damages contracts
Network outages can kill companies
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Network Management
Requirements
Fault Management
Accounting Management
Configuration and Name Management
Performance Management
Security Management
Fault Management
A fault is an abnormal condition that
requires management attention (oraction) to repair.
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Setting the Threshold It is important to set the threshold for alarm
,significant faults and quality of service issuescan be dealt with without the networkmanager becoming overloaded with therelevant messages.
Excessive network mana ement, and
excessive network management messagescan actually degrade overall networkperformance.
Accounting Management
Reasons for accounting management: n erna c arge ac s on ne wor use
User(s) may be abusing access privileges
and burdening the network at the expense ofother users
Users may be making inefficient use of thenetwork
The network manager is in a better position toplan for network growth if user activity isknown in sufficient detail.
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Configuration Management
initialising a network and gracefully shutting
down part or all of the network
maintaining, adding, and updating therelationships among components and thestatus of components themselves duringne wor opera on
Adds, Moves and Changes
Security Management
Concerned with:
monitoring and controlling access to networks
generating, distributing, and storingencryption keys
access to all or part of the networkmanagement information
collection, storage, and examination of auditrecords and security logs
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Performance Management Some typical issues of concern to the network manager
include: What is the level of capacity utilisation?
Is there excessive traffic?
Has throughput been reduced to unacceptable levels?
Are there bottlenecks?
Is response time increasing ?
Are customers getting what they paid for ?
Network managers need performance statistics to helpthem plan, manage and maintain large networks
Web-based NetworkManagement
User interface using web technology
HTML pages delivered via HTTP over TCP
platform independence
network management information stored onweb servers
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Key challenges Shift to LANs and the Internet
Large scale move from using mainframes and terminals to PCs, LANs and the Internet.
li i l l i l li li i l l i l liLANs, BNs, and Internet
Focus on integration of organisational networks and applications. Mainproblems: Not all LANs use the same architecture
More types of network technology used, the more complex network management becomes
, Both LAN/Web and WAN managers to recognise that they no longer have total power
Must adopt a written charter to define its purpose, operational philosophy, and long rangegoals
Must develop individual procedures to implement policies
(Copyright2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc)
Key Challenges
Integrating Voice & Data Traditionally, traditional voice anddata networks (e.g., POTS and LANs) were handled by
Voice Communication Manager in Facilities Department: Supervised telephone switchboard, coordinated installation and
maintenance of the voice network Data Communication Manager (IT department): Installed own data circuit, installed and maintained computers
Now, organisations realise benefits of integrating voice and
Simplifies the network, and can lower network costs Eliminates one department Is now more typically found in network management
(Copyright2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc)
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Improving performance General activities to improve performance that cut across the
different types of networks: o cy- ase managemen - e ng pr or y po c es or ne wor
traffic in software and configures devices using QoS capabilitiesin TCP/IP and/or ATM
Example-Manager: Sets videoconferencing traffic as the highest prioritysince delays will have the highest impact on the performance of thatapplication
Server load balancing-Used to allocate incoming requests fornetwork servers and uses a separate load balancing server (or arouter/switch) with a special software
- -
and its service providers (ISP or common carriers) Specify the exact type of performance and fault conditions that theorganization will accept
Examples-Availability must be 99% or higher Maximum allocable response time must be lower than 2 minutes
(Copyright2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc)
Cost Management
One of the mostchallengingareas over thepast few years
Traffic growingmore rapidlythan thebudget
Managers areforced toprovide greatercapacity at anever lower costper megabyte
(Copyright2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc)
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Sources of Cost Total Cost of Ownership
(TCO) measure o ow muc
it costs per year to keepone computer operating
Includes cost of Repairs and
software/hardwareupgrades
Support staff (maintain,, ,
Training and technicalsupport Time wasted by the
user when problemsoccur
(Copyright2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc)
Implications for Management
Network management requires A good understanding of networking technologies n a ty to wor w t en users an management An understanding of key elements driving network costs Requires special skill to explain the business value of the
networks to senior management Needed to justify increased cost of management
Recommendations Purchase technologies that will provide strong network
management capabilities Use powerful design and management tools-Saves money in the
long run
(Copyright2010JohnWiley&Sons,Inc)
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References CA (2008) Strategic Planning for Network and Systems
anagemen , ec arge e aper, va a e on ne: :http://go.techtarget.com/r/4340222/3758610/1
Cisco (2008) Network Management Basics, InInternetworkingTechnology Handbook, Available online:http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/internetworking/technology/handbook/NM-Basics.html
Haggerty, E. (2008) Overcoming Todays IP NetworkChallenges, Newsfactor.com White Paper, Available online:
p: www.news ac or.com s ory.x m s ory_ =
2E&page=1 Wikipedia (2008) Network Management, Available online:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_management
References
Stallings, W, 2005, Section 19.1 Business Data Communications, 5thedn Pearson Education Inc. New Jerse ., ., .
Cisco Systems Inc, 2006, Simple Network Management Protocol,Internetworking Technologies Handbook, Chapter 56, Cisco Systems Inc.www.Cisco.com.
FitzGerald, J and Dennis, A, 2005, Chapter 13 Business DataCommunications and Networking, 8th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NewJersey.
FitzGerald, J and Dennis, A, 2010, Chapter 12 Business DataCommunications and Networking, 10th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NewJersey.
ang, , e, an a , , omparson o ers ons ,and 3;
WindowsNetworkig.com n.d,Understanding the SNMP Protocol -www.windowsnetworking.com
CP3340 Communication Systems-SNMP Environment, www.scit.wlv.ac.uk