CCNA 1 v3.0 Module 1 Introduction to Networking

Objectives

Requirements for Internet Connection

PC Basics

PC Basics

PC Basics

PC Basics

AGP Expansion Slot

PCI Expansion Slots

Network Interface Cards

NIC and Modem Installation

High-Speed and Dialup Connectivity

IRQ, I/O port channels and Base Memory Addresses.

IRQ is an acronym for Interrupt ReQuest. An IRQ is a piece of circuitry built into the motherboard that connects one device/part to the CPU (Central Processing Unit). It lets the device interrupt the CPU so that jobs can be allocated and problems dealt with. Devices connect to CPU when:A task is finishedThe device needs more instructionsFaults are developed

IRQs

IRQs

TCP/IP Description and Configuration

Testing Connectivity with Ping

Web Browser and Plug-Ins

Troubleshooting Internet Connections

Data RepresentationCharacter coding schemesASCII, UnicodeUnicode – International 16-bit coding system which can represent 65536 different charactersBinary number systemBinary Coded Decimal (BCD)each decimal digit has its own 4-bit binary codeBoolean valuesonly True or FalseDigitised soundMIDIBit-mapped graphics

Binary number system

Numbers can be represented in a computer in a number of different ways, e.g. 25 in ASCII would be:0011 0010 0011 0101Alternatively in pure binary draw a table of powers of 2. Then find the largest power of 2<=25 (16). Subtract 16 from 25 and repeatValue 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 16 + 8 + 1 = 25

To translate from binary to decimal perform same process backwardsValue 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 64 + 4 + 1 = 69

Binary

Example The yable shows numbers 0 1- in 4-bit binary code.

Decimal Binary Decimal Binary

0 0000 5 0101

1 0001 6 0110

2 0010 7 0111

3 0011 8 1000

4 0100 9 1001

Boolean Values

A Boolean variable can only have one of two values, true or falseRepresented by a 1 or a 0Useful to be able to use a binary bit to show if something is true or false, e.g: To show whether a disk drive is connected To show if the ‘break’ key is pressed’

Single bits used in this way are called Flags

Binary Number System

Bits and Bytes

Main Memory Computer Memory

250 bytes = 1 Petabyte Pb 260 bytes = 1 Exabyte Ex

270 bytes = 1 Zettabyte Zb 280 bytes = 1 Yottabye Yb

Base 10 Numbers

Base 2 (Binary) Numbers

Converting Decimal numbers to 8-bit Binary Numbers

Converting 8-bit Binary Numbers to Decimal Numbers

Four-Octet Dotted-decimal Representation of 32-Bit Binary Numbers

Hexadecimal

Boolean or Binary Logic

IP Addresses and Network Masks

Summary