8/12/2019 Module 1 - Blood Vessel Anatomy_0

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AnatomyBloodvesselsSummary: Thecirculatorysystemismadeupofthehearttogetherwiththebloodvessels.Theheartisthepumpwhilethebloodvessels

make

up

acontinuous

loop

to

supply

all

of

the

tissues

of

the

body

with

blood

containing

nutrients

and

oxygen.

Therearethreetypesofbloodvessels.

1. Arteries takesoxygenatedbloodfromthehearttothetissues

2. Capillaries smallestbloodvessels,locatedinthetissues,allowthenutrientslikeoxygentoleavetheblood

3. Veins takesdeoxygenatedbloodfromthetissuesbacktotheheart

1.Artery 3.

Vein

Smoothmuscle Thicklayerofsmoothmuscleto

allowthearteryto

maintaintheblood

pressureandsomaintain

the

flow

of

blood

towards

thetissues

Smoothmuscle Thinnerlayerofsmoothmuscleto

keepthepressurelowand

easilyallowbloodtoenterthe

veinsafterleavingthetissues

Endothelialcells Athinlayerofflatsmooth

cellsthatstoptheblood

cellsfromstickingtothe

inside

of

the

blood

vessel.Endothelialcells

arepresentthroughout

thecirculation,in

arteries,veinsand

capillariesaswellason

theinsideoftheheart.

Valves Becauseveinshaveathinnersmoothmusclelayerthey

cannotgenerateenoughpressureto

pushthebloodthereforetheyhave

valveswhichstopthebloodfrom

movinginthewrongdirection.

2.CapillariesCapillariesaremadeupentirelyofendothelialcells.They

haveaverythinanddelicatewallthatallowsnutrientsand

oxygeninthebloodtomoveoutofthebloodandintothe

tissues.At

the

same

time

the

capillaries

can

collect

and

carbondioxideandwasteproductsproducedbythetissues

aretakethemaway.

Clinicalanatomy:

Whenadoctor

wants

to

examine

the

blood

pressurehecanfeelthepulse. Thepulseis

thepressuregeneratedbytheheartpushing

bloodintothearteries. Pulsescanbefeltat

variouslocationsaroundhebody.

Carotid

felt

just

under

the

jaw.

This

pulse

is

easilyfeltasthearteryislargeand

closetothesurface.

Radialfeltontheinsideofthewristjust

abovethethumb.Thisisthemost

commonlyexaminedpulsepoint

Poplitealbehindtheknee(isdifficulttofeel

asthearteryisdeepintheleg

buriedundermuscle)

Dorsalis pedis

feltover

the

arch

of

the

front

of

the

foot.Thisisfelttocheckbloodflow

tothelowerlimb.