Modernization (England, Japan, Egypt)

by Ashley

Industrialization in England 1750- 1914

Causes Effects

Scientific Revolution Paves the way for new innovations

Previous revolutions had already occurred

Agricultural Rev.

Commercial rev.

Surplus capital, a growing economy, and a new infrastructure

Growing population creates a new work force. This leads to urbanization.

Shortage on wood for shipbuilding and heat

Stemmed new ideas

Many alternative natural resources in England

Coal, Iron

Multiple water ways in England

Provide adequate transport

Waterways in England

Coal

Iron

New Inventions

Mining Lamp

Battery massproduction

Steam engine

Crucible steel Seed drill

Crompton's mule

Cotton gin

Water frame

Spinning jenny

Products of the industrialization

Crompton’s mule

Seed drill

Spinning Jenny

Cotton Gin

Important people in innovation

• James Watt (more efficient engine)

• Eli Whitney (cotton gin)

• Benjamin Huntsmen (crucible steel)

• Jethro Tull (seed drill)

• Thomas Newcomen (workable steam engine)

• Samuel Crompton (Crompton's Mule)

• William Cruickshank (first mass produced battery)

• Sir Humphrey Davy (mining lamp)

WattWhitney

TullNewcomen

Crompton

Impacts

• Short term impact• Negative • Long hours • Low pay• Dangerous working conditions• Child labor• Abuse from bosses

• Long term impact• Positive• Changes by legislation (ch 24)• Industrial rev. led to

imperialism • B/c labor source land natural

resources• Slavery ended• Justification for dominance• Social Darwinism• White mans Burden• Formation of unions (collective

bargaining)

Collective bargaining-process of negotiation between employers and representatives of employees. Terms on working conditions were made.

Japan: Meiji Restoration (1868-1912)Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)

• Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868) preceded

• Feudal military dictator ship

• Edo period• First ruler Tokugawa

Ieyasu• Strict class hierarchy• (def) Burakumin dealt

with taboo trades and death

Shogun

Daimyo

Samurai

peasants

Artisans, Merchants

Burakumin

Emperor

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Causes of the restoration

Under Tokugawa Under the Meiji

Taxes Re-regulated taxes

No technological advances Transportation and communication systems rapidly growing industrial system

Dislike for the current government Centralized bureaucracy,

Constitution for parliament

Class restrictions Feudal class restrictions broken, highly educated population

Tokugawa samurai lacked Western technology

Powerful army and navy (hi-tech)

Matthew Perry

• 1794-1858(years alive 64)

• 1853 arrived Japan

• Over several months a negotiation is worked out

• Treaty is madea) Peace and friendship will exist between

b) Japan and the U.S.

c) Two ports are opened: Shimoda and Hakodate

d) Help provide for wrecked American ships

e) America is allowed to buy products at designated ports

Mutsuhito

• Reign 1867-1912

• 1852-1912(60 years old)

• Abolished the feudal system

• Made treaties with America

• Capital moves from Kyoto to Edo (Tokyo)

• Supports the rise of Militarism in Japana) Domestic violence (Saga and Satsuma Rebellions)

b) The army (samurai) were turned into a caste and became professionals

Yamagata Aritomoprime minister of Japan

• In office 1st term 1889-1891

• 2nd term 1898-1900

• 1838-1922 (84 years old)

• Involved in Genrō a) Seven men lead

b) Saw as advisors to the emperor

c) Made the important decisions/ came up with new ideas

d) They dominated Japan for many years

Muhammad Ali (Egypt)

• Ruled 1805-1848• 1769-1849 (80 years old)• Modernization of Egypta) New army's and fleets

b) Egyptian students studied in European universities

c) Major export was unique type of cotton

d) Strong connections with Europe

e) Broke away from the ottoman empire

• Britain takes control of the Suez canal

Imperialism in Egypt (ch 29-30)

• Suez Canal taken

by Britain

Other land was taken

In the process

Technology in Egypt

• Technological advances in Egypt were slower than in Britain due to the debt of the Egyptian nation