Modern History of Europe:

1600 - present:

1) The Enlightenment:

• The 1700s in Europe• People began to use science as a way of

explaining the world• People stopped using “feelings” and started

using reason to learn truth and error

1) The Enlightenment:

A) Copernicus• Discovered that the sun,

not Earth, is the center of the universe.

Ptolemaic Geocentric Model of the Universe:

Copernicus’ Model:

1) The Enlightenment:

B) Galileo Galilei: • Believed that

Knowledge comes from observing the world– Observations and

measurements.

1) The Enlightenment:

C) Scientific Revolution:• People relied on reason, not faith and

tradition, to understand and explain the world.

1) The Enlightenment:

D) John Locke: • Believed all people have

natural rights– Life, Liberty and

Property• If a gov’t doesn’t

protect these rights, citizens should revolt– American colonists us

this idea LOST!!!!!!!!!

The ORIGINAL John Locke:

2) The French Revolution:

• 1789: The French execute the king!

2) The French Revolution:

• 1789: The French execute the king!• France starts a republic

2) The French Revolution:

• 1789: The French execute the king!• France starts a republic• Napoleon takes over and conquers most of

Europe.

2) The French Revolution:

• 1789: The French execute the king!• France starts a republic• Napoleon takes over and conquers most of

Europe.• 1815: Europe unites to defeat Napoleon

The Battle of Waterloo:

2) The French Revolution:

• 1789: The French execute the king!• France starts a republic• Napoleon takes over and conquers most of

Europe.• 1815: Europe unites to defeat Napoleon• To stop political revolutions European

countries limited the power of rulers and guaranteed rights to citizens.

3) Industry:

A) Industrial Rev.:• Starts in Britain:• Use machines to make goods– Cheaper and faster– People can buy more and nicer things

• Changed the lives of people in Europe

3) Industry:

B) Transportation Rev.:• Trains• Airplanes (1900s)

3) Industry:

C) Farming Rev.: • Machines helped farmers grow more food• Population increases• Farms need less work– People left farms to go to the cities to work in

factories

4) Conflict:

A) World Wars: • Countries grew more powerful and had new

weapons• Tensions lead to WWI (1914-1918) and WWII

(1939-1945) – Holocaust: Germany killed 6 million Jews. – Left Europe ruined– Millions dead

4) Conflict:

B) Cold War: • USA and Russia struggle for world control• Western Europe sided with the USA• Eastern Europe sided with Russia and

communism– Gov’t controls the ways of producing goods