Model-Centred Engineering Design

7/17/2019 Model-Centred Engineering Design

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SIE 1010 Engineering Design Graphics

Lesson 1 – Engineering Design Process

Dr Ivan Lee

[email protected]



Learning Outcomes

• Describe common types of views used in engineering

drawings, and appropriate views for different

situations

• Create, visualise and analyse shapes and geometriesof parts in 2D drawings and 3D computer models

• Combine different geometrical features to fully

describe a part geometry

• Create a 3D assembly model by combining different

parts with logical constraints



Lesson Outline

• Introduction to Design Process

• Graphics Communication in Design

• Engineering Design Phases

• Traditional vs Concurrent Engineering

• Model-Centred Engineering Design

Ideation

Refinement Implementation

• Product Lifecycle Management



















Design Process

• Design of a device or system can be done in one of two ways

• Evolutionary

A product is allowed to evolve over a period of time with only slight

improvement

Done when there is no competition

Creative capabilities of designer – limited

• Innovation

Rapid scientific growth, technological discoveries, competition for

market share Great emphasis on new products and innovation

Creative skills and analytical ability of design engineer – critical



Design Levels

• Adaptive design

In majority of instances, a designer’s work will be concerned with

adaption of existing designs, making minor modifications

Demands no special knowledge or skill, most problems easily solved

• Development design Considerably more scientific training and design ability needed

Designer starts from an existing design, but final outcome may differ

markedly from initial product

•New design Only a small number of designs are new designs



A Typical Design Process

Need

Goals

Market Analysis

Functions

Specifications

Conceptualization

Evaluating

alternatives

Analysis

Experiment

Marketing



Graphics Communication

• Effective means of communicating technical ideas and

problem solutions

• Engineering design – visualizing, sketching, modelling,

detailing – relies heavily on graphics communication

• Engineering drawings and models – a clear, precise language

with definite rules

• In engineering design process, graphics serve as primary

means of communication

92% is graphical

8% is divided between mathematics and written/verbal



Breakdown of Engineer’s Time

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Others

Engineering Analysis

Funcational Design

Manufacturing Engineering

3D Modeling and Documentation

% of Engineer's Time



Engineering Design Phases

Formulation

Conceptdesign

Configuration

design

Detail design

•Gather information to understand problem

•Identify functional requirements, constraints andevaluation criteria

•Develop engineering performance targets

•Decompose product by component and function

•Generate concept alternatives to meet subfunctions•Analyze feasibility of subfunction concept alternatives

•Evaluate and select best concept alternatives

•Determine type and number of components

•Determine their arrangement and relative dimensions

•Prepare detail drawings and specifications

•Prepare package of information to manufactureproduct



Technical Graphics

• A standardized and complete language used in design for:

Visualization

Communication

Documentation

• Precision of technical graphics is aided by tools

• Historically done with pencil/pen, drafting tools and paper

• Increasingly with computer-aided design (CAD) tools



Visualization and Communication

• Visualization

Mentally picture things that do not exist in the mind

Most designers will initially capture mental images by sketching on

paper

Ability to visualize problem solutions and communicate throughsketches – a very important skill!

• Communication

Goal is to refine initial sketches so design solution can be

communicated to others without ambiguity

Add more details to sketches, then create 3-D model using CAD

software

Continue to refine design and update 3-D model



Documentation

• Documentation

Permanently record design solution

Produce 2-D drawings for distribution and documentation

Store electronic copies of 3-D models and 2-D drawings in databases

to share with other users



Business Process

Business

Input Processes Output

Societal Concerns

Customer

Needs/Demands

Materials

Capital Energy

Time

Human Knowledge

Human Skills

People

Designing

Planning

Producing &

Constructing Managing

Marketing

Financing

Documenting

Products, Systems or

Structures for

Various Markets

Support Activities• Training

• Service

• Customer Satisfaction

Company Profits



Traditional Engineering

• Specialized functions, serialized processes

• Free exchange of information not encouraged

• Designs are developed in isolation, then tossed over to

manufacturing

• Manufacturing has to modify designs to meet process,

material and equipment constraints

• Changes are time-consuming and costly, causing delays

•

Due to global competition, inefficiencies can no longer betolerated



Concurrent Engineering

• Process-centric, team approach to product development

• Cross-functional team members from critical business areas

Sales/marketing, industrial design, design engineering, industrial

engineering, manufacturing engineering, purchasing, production,

finance

• Central motivation – higher efficiency

Ensure manufacturing considerations are included early and

throughout the entire design process – doing things concurrently!

Encourage open exchange of product information• Necessary for manufacturing companies

Shorten product development times – less delays

Improve product quality and performance

Reduce product cost – fewer errors and changes



Traditional vs Concurrent Engineering

Sales and marketing

Industrial design

Design engineering

Productengineering

Production

Purchasing

Warehousing

Final product

Finalproduct

Sales andmarketing

Industrialdesign

Designengineering

Productengineering

Production

Purchasing

Warehousing

Traditional Concurrent



Collaborative Engineering

• Product-centric approach: focuses on enterprise-wide

integrated product development process

• Creates infrastructure and environment for effective team

collaboration

• Cross-functional teams share information using computer

networks

• Highly dependent on computer-based tools (CAD, CAM, CAE,

etc)



Model-Centred Engineering Design

IDEATION

IMPLEMENTATIONREFINEMENT

Problem

Identification

Preliminary

DesignPreliminary Ideas

Servicing

Financing

MarketingProducing

Planning

Documenting

Modeling

Design

Analysis

Design

Visualization

Manufacturing

Simulation

3-D Model




• People and processes are brought together at very beginning

• Establishes well-defined organizational and team structures

• Highly structured business processes

•

3-D CAD models – central to approach, allows all areas of anenterprise to share information and work simultaneously

• Highly dependently on computer-based tools

CAX – Computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing

(CAM), computer-aided engineering (CAE)

DFX – Design for manufacturability (DFM), design for assembly (DFA),

design for serviceability, design for reliability

Office applications, Internet, etc




Problem

Identification

Preliminary


IDEATION

•Problem statement

•Research

•Data gathering

•Objectives

• Limitations

•Scheduling

•Notes

•Sketches/models

•Brainstorm

•Synthesis

•Evaluation

•Selection




Problem

Identification

Preliminary


IDEATION

REFINEMENT

Modeling

Geometric

Simulation/Animation

Descriptive/PredictiveCharts, Graphs, Diagrams

Design Analysis

Property

Mechanism

Aesthetic/Functional

Human Factors

Market/Financial

Design Visualization

Rapid Prototyping

Manufacturing

Simulation




Problem

Identification

Preliminary


IDEATION

REFINEMENT IMPLEMENTATION

Modeling

Design

Analysis

Design

Visualization

Manufacturing

Simulation

Servicing

Financing

Marketing

Producing

Planning

Managing

Documenting



Concurrent Documentation

• Design drawings and models

• Production drawings and models

• Technical illustrations

•

Technical reports• Presentation graphics

• Patent drawings



Engineering Design Process

• Virtual Product Representation

• Prototyping

• Productivity Tools

•

Product Data Management (PDM)/ConfigurationManagement (CM)

• Internet, Intranet, Extranet

• Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

•E-Business

• Design Teams



Virtual Product Representation

• 3-D CAD models

• Product Data Management

• Large assembly visualizations

•

Packaging analysis• Tolerance analysis

• Structural, thermal, flow analyses

• Dynamic simulations for design and manufacturing

• Virtual reality

• Collaborative Web Technology



Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

• A model that facilitates simultaneous working of all

departments of an organization

Internal: Design, engineering, strategy, marketing and sales, planning,

production, procurement, finance, HR

External: Suppliers, partners, customers

• An integrated IT environment that allows manufacturers to

create, manage, store and share product data and business

processes

•A business process that manages the entire product lifecycle From concept to design, build, maintain and disposal

• A strategic business approach for effective management and

use of corporate intellectual capital



Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

Information

Database

Distribution

Production

Manufacturing

Design and

Engineering

Accounting

Support

Sales

Vendors

E-Commerce

Customers

Intranet Extranet

Internet

Diagram representing relationship of

various departments in an organization

Business-to-Businesscommunication



Key Learning Points

• Use of graphics – an effective means of communicating

engineering designs

• Engineering design process and role of graphics

• Model-centred design process in collaborative engineering

• Role of 3-D modelling in engineering design process

• Role of CM, PDM and PLM in engineering enterprise



References

• Fundamentals of Graphics Communication, Sixth Ed

Gary R. Bertoline, Eric N. Wiebe, Nathan W. Hartman,

William A. Ross, McGraw-Hill Co., Inc, (2011)

•

Engineering Design Graphics, 2nd

Edition James M. Leake, Jacob L. Borgerson, John Wiley & Sons,

Inc., (2013)

• Engineering Design Process

Yousef Haik, Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning, Inc., (2003)

Documents

Model-Centred Engineering Design