MODAL VERBS UNIT 8. If we are certain about something To talk about the present: “MUST +...
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MODAL VERBS UNIT 8. If we are certain about something To talk about the present: “MUST + Infinitive” or “CAN’T + Infinitive” Example: He must be a doctor
If we are certain about something To talk about the present:
MUST + Infinitive or CANT + Infinitive Example: He must be a
doctor. Hes wearing a white coat. He cant be a doctor. He isnt
wearing a white coat. To talk about the past: MUST+have+past
participle or CANT+have+past participle Example: It must have taken
you a lot of effort to do this writing. It is very good. It cant
have taken you a lot of effort to do this writing, since it is full
of mistakes.
Slide 3
If we are not certain about something ( but we think it is
possible ) To talk about the present: MAY/MIGHT/COULD (perhaps)
Example: The shops may/might/could be open today. The shops may
not/might not be open today. To talk about the past:
MAY/MIGHT/COULD+ Have + Past Participle Example: I think I might
have forgotten my book in the car. To talk about the future:
MAY/MIGHT/COULD + Infinitive Example: It might/may/could rain
tomorrow.
Slide 4
To give advice SHOULD Recommendations. Example: You should
focus more on your family. When you go to Paris, you should visit
the Eiffel Tower. OUGHT TO Recommendations. The same as should but
in a more formal way. Example: We all ought to use less
electricity. MIGHT Suggestions. Example: You might visit the
botanical gardens during your visit. MUST To give a strong advise
to yourself or to others (based on your opinion). Example: You must
try this cake, its wonderful.
Slide 5
OBLIGATION MUST/MUSTNT For stating rules. Strong external
obligation. Example: You mustnt smoke here. You must wear your
seat-belt while driving. HAVE TO/DONT HAVE TO Obligation, but not
from outside Example: Children have to go to school. // I dont have
to work on Sundays. SHOULD/SHOULDNT Mild obligation or advise.
Example: You should save some money. You shouldnt smoke so
much.
Slide 6
Im certain thats not Saras motorbike That Saras motorbike. The
dog is very dirty. Its possible he swam in the sea The dog swum in
the sea. Thats definitely the best restaurant in town That the best
restaurant in town. Im sure your brother ate all the chocolate Your
brother all the chocolate. Theres no possibility that they cooked
this properly They cooked it properly. Im sure youre feeling full
after all that food You feeling full after all that food. Im
certain you didnt see Maria out of shopping You Maria out of
shopping. Its possible the waiter didnt write down your order The
waiter written down your order. EXERCISE
Slide 7
Im certain thats not Saras motorbike That cant be Saras
motorbike. The dog is very dirty. Its possible he swam in the sea
The dog might have swum in the sea. Thats definitely the best
restaurant in town That must be the best restaurant in town. Im
sure your brother ate all the chocolate Your brother must have
eaten all the chocolate. Theres no possibility that they cooked
this properly They cant have cooked it properly. Im sure youre
feeling full after all that food You must be feeling full after all
that food. Im certain you didnt see Maria out of shopping You cant
have seen Maria out of shopping. Its possible the waiter didnt
write down your order The waiter might not have written down your
order. CORRECTION