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MODAL VERBS
3rd ESO
CERTAINTY Must, Can’t
We are sure about something now.This MUST be Karen’s car
It CAN’T be Mark’s car, it’s blue (Mark’s is red)
PROBABILITY Should/Ought to
We think something is likely now or in thefuture,
but we are not sure.She SHOULD be at home now (I think it, but I’m
not sure)
POSSIBILITY May, Might, Could
Something is possible now or in the future.It MAY/MIGHT/COULD be hormone changes that
make teenagers sleepy.
ABILITY Can, Could
Ability and possibility.I CAN/AM ABLE TO play chess
Vikings COULD make metal arrowsWe WILL BE ABLE TO travel to Mars
OBLIGATION Must, Have to
Present obligation.I MUST finish my homework (personal
oblgation)I HAVE TO look after my brother (Obligation
from someone else)For past or future obligation we use HAVE TO.
I HAD TO look after my brotherI WILL HAVE TO look after my brother
(with adverbs of frequency we use HAVE TO)I always HAVE TO clean my own room.
OBLIGATION Mustn’t, Don’t have to
We use DON’T HAVE TO when there is no obligation.
You DON’T HAVE TO goWe use MUSTN’T when something is prohibited
You MUSTN’T talk during the exam
SUGGESTION or OFFER Shall
SHALL we buy something to eat?SHALL I make you some coffee?
PERFECT MODALS. COULD HAVE
COULD/MIGHT/MAY + HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLEPossibility of an action in the past. I COULD HAVE DANCED all night
PERFECT MODALS. MUST HAVE
MUST or CAN’T/COULDN’T + HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLECertainty of an action in the past
They COULDN’T HAVE GONE to the concert because theydidn’t have tickets
PERFECT MODALS. SHOULD HAVE
SHOULD/OUGHT TO + HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLETo give an opinion about an action in the past. She SHOULD HAVE SPOKEN to her boyfriend.
Must & Can’t CERTAINTY
Must & Can’t CERTAINTY
Should/ought to PROBABILITY
May & Might POSSIBILITY
Can ABILITY
Could ABILITY
Must OBLIGATION
Must
Have to OBLIGATION
Don’t have to
Have to
Shall OFFER