Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
1
Mo
bile
Co
mm
un
icat
ion
sS
umm
er T
erm
200
2
FU
Ber
linC
ompu
ter
Sci
ence
Com
pute
r S
yste
ms
& T
elem
atic
s
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er
http
://w
ww
.joch
ensc
hille
r.de
/sc
hille
r@co
mpu
ter.
org
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
2
Cha
pter
1:
Intr
oduc
tion
A c
ase
for
mob
ility
H
isto
ry o
f mob
ile c
omm
unic
atio
nM
arke
tA
reas
of r
esea
rch
Mob
ile C
omm
unic
atio
nsS
S 2
002
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
3
Str
uctu
re a
nd c
onte
nt o
f the
CS
T le
ctur
es
Phy
sics
Logi
c
Pro
cess
or
Com
pute
r
Net
wor
ked
Sys
tem
Tel
emat
ics
(TM
)P
roto
cols
, ser
vice
s, s
tand
ards
, LA
N,
Inte
rnet
, TC
P/IP
, WW
W, s
ecur
ity, I
SD
N,
man
agem
ent,
inte
rwor
king
units
Com
pute
r S
truc
ture
s (R
S)
Boo
lean
alg
ebra
, com
bina
tiona
l and
seq
uent
ial c
ircui
ts, c
ompu
ter
arith
met
ic, v
on N
eum
ann
mac
hine
Com
pute
r O
rgan
izat
ion
(RO
)C
PU
, RIS
C/C
ISC
, ass
embl
er, I
/O, b
us, c
ontr
olle
r, P
IO, D
MA
, in
terr
upt,
mem
ory,
per
iphe
rals
Phy
sica
l-Ele
ctric
al B
asic
s (P
EG
)D
iscr
ete
elem
ents
, sem
icon
duct
ors,
DT
L, T
TL,
CM
OS
, gat
es,
mem
ory,
pro
gram
mab
le lo
gic
Har
dwar
e-La
b (H
WP
)P
ract
ical
ass
ignm
ents
for
RS
an
d P
EG
Com
pute
r A
rchi
tect
ure
(RA
)M
ulti
proc
esso
r sy
stem
s, p
ipel
inin
g, v
ecto
r pr
oces
sing
, int
erco
nnec
tions
, mul
tithr
eadi
ng
Nex
t Gen
erat
ion
Inte
rnet
(N
GI)
MP
LS, Q
oS, m
ultim
edia
sup
port
, gro
up
com
mun
icat
ion,
acc
ount
ing
Mob
ile C
omm
unic
atio
ns (
MC
)W
irele
ss tr
ansm
issi
on, m
ediu
m a
cces
s, G
SM
, 3G
, W
LAN
, Mob
ile IP
, Ad-
hoc-
netw
orks
, WA
P
Mic
ropr
oces
sor
Lab
(MP
P)
Pra
ctic
al a
ssig
nmen
ts fo
r R
O(a
lso
RA
and
TM
)
Sem
este
rB
ache
lor
Mas
ter
Mob
ile C
omm
unic
atio
ns L
ab (
MC
L)P
ract
ical
ass
ignm
ents
for
MC
, NG
I and
TM
Wire
less
/m
obile
Sys
tem
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
4
Ove
rvie
wof
the
lect
ure
Intr
oduc
tion
Use
-cas
es, a
pplic
atio
nsD
efin
ition
of t
erm
sC
halle
nges
, his
tory
Wire
less
Tra
nsm
issi
onfr
eque
ncie
s&
reg
ulat
ions
sign
als,
ant
enna
s, s
igna
lpr
opag
atio
nm
ultip
lexi
ng, m
odul
atio
n, s
prea
dsp
ectr
um, c
ellu
lar
syst
em
Med
ia A
cces
sm
otiv
atio
n, S
DM
A, F
DM
A, T
DM
A
(fix
ed, A
loha
, CS
MA
, DA
MA
, P
RM
A, M
AC
A, c
ollis
ion
avoi
danc
e,
polli
ng),
CD
MA
Wire
less
Tel
ecom
mun
icat
ion
Sys
tem
sG
SM
, HS
CS
D, G
PR
S, D
EC
T,
TE
TR
A, U
MT
S, I
MT
-200
0
Sat
ellit
eS
yste
ms
GE
O, L
EO
, ME
O, r
outin
g, h
ando
ver
Bro
adca
stS
yste
ms
DA
B, D
VB
Wire
less
LAN
sB
asic
Tec
hnol
ogy
IEE
E 8
02.1
1a/b
/g, .
15, B
luet
ooth
Net
wor
kP
roto
cols
Mob
ile IP
Ad-
hoc
netw
orki
ngR
outin
g
Tra
nspo
rt P
roto
cols
Rel
iabl
etr
ansm
issi
onF
low
cont
rol
Qua
lity
of S
ervi
ce
Sup
port
for
Mob
ility
File
sys
tem
s, W
WW
, WA
P, i
-mod
e,
J2M
E, .
..
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
5
Cou
rse
orga
niza
tion
Lect
ure W
edne
sday
, 10:
00-1
2:00
h, S
R04
9, T
akus
tr. 9
Offi
ce h
ours
Pro
f. J.
Sch
iller
: Tue
sday
, 14:
00-1
5:00
h, r
oom
156
, Tak
ustr
. 9
New
s an
d up
date
sht
tp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
Lite
ratu
re All
slid
es a
re a
vaila
ble
onlin
e (a
nd w
ithou
t the
slid
es it
is v
ery
diffi
cult
to fo
llow
the
lect
ures
...)!
T
he s
lides
will
be
upda
ted
durin
g th
e co
urse
. T
his
cour
se is
bas
ed o
n th
e b
oo
k "M
ob
ile C
om
mu
nic
atio
ns"
, ava
ilabl
e in
Eng
lish,
G
erm
an, a
nd F
inni
sh fr
om A
dd
iso
n-W
esle
y. A
spe
cial
pric
e fo
r th
e G
erm
an v
ersi
on
is o
ffere
d fo
r pa
rtic
ipan
ts o
f the
cou
rse
(20%
off
).
Exa
mA
t the
end
of t
he c
ours
e, 6
0 m
in, o
nly
pape
r&pe
ncil,
40%
/poi
nts
requ
ired
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
6
Com
pute
rs fo
r th
e ne
xt d
ecad
es?
Com
pute
rs a
re in
tegr
ated
smal
l, ch
eap,
por
tabl
e, r
epla
ceab
le -
no m
ore
sepa
rate
dev
ices
Tec
hnol
ogy
is in
the
back
grou
ndco
mpu
ter
are
awar
e of
thei
r en
viro
nmen
t and
ada
pt (
“loca
tion
awar
enes
s”)
com
pute
r re
cogn
ize
the
loca
tion
of th
e us
er a
nd r
eact
app
ropr
iate
ly (
e.g.
, ca
ll fo
rwar
ding
, fax
forw
ardi
ng, “
cont
ext a
war
enes
s”))
Adv
ance
s in
tech
nolo
gym
ore
com
putin
g po
wer
in s
mal
ler
devi
ces
flat,
light
wei
ght d
ispl
ays
with
low
pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
new
use
r in
terf
aces
due
to s
mal
l dim
ensi
ons
mor
e ba
ndw
idth
per
cub
ic m
eter
mul
tiple
wire
less
inte
rfac
es: w
irele
ss L
AN
s, w
irele
ss W
AN
s, r
egio
nal
wire
less
tele
com
mun
icat
ion
netw
orks
etc
. („o
verla
y ne
twor
ks“)
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
7
Mob
ile c
omm
unic
atio
n
Tw
o as
pect
s of
mob
ility
:us
er m
obili
ty: u
sers
com
mun
icat
e (w
irele
ss)
“any
time,
any
whe
re, w
ith
anyo
ne”
devi
ce p
orta
bilit
y: d
evic
es c
an b
e co
nnec
ted
anyt
ime,
any
whe
re to
the
netw
ork
Wire
less
vs.
mob
ile
E
xam
ples
stat
iona
ry c
ompu
ter
note
book
in a
hot
elw
irele
ss L
AN
s in
his
toric
bui
ldin
gsP
erso
nal D
igita
l Ass
ista
nt (
PD
A)
The
dem
and
for
mob
ile c
omm
unic
atio
n cr
eate
s th
e ne
ed fo
r in
tegr
atio
n of
wire
less
net
wor
ks in
to e
xist
ing
fixed
net
wor
ks:
loca
l are
a ne
twor
ks: s
tand
ardi
zatio
n of
IEE
E 8
02.1
1,
ET
SI (
HIP
ER
LAN
)In
tern
et: M
obile
IP e
xten
sion
of t
he in
tern
et p
roto
col I
P
wid
e ar
ea n
etw
orks
: e.g
., in
tern
etw
orki
ng o
f GS
M a
nd IS
DN
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
8
App
licat
ions
I
Veh
icle
s tran
smis
sion
of n
ews,
roa
d co
nditi
on, w
eath
er, m
usic
via
DA
B
pers
onal
com
mun
icat
ion
usin
g G
SM
posi
tion
via
GP
S
loca
l ad-
hoc
netw
ork
with
veh
icle
s cl
ose-
by to
pre
vent
acc
iden
ts, g
uida
nce
syst
em, r
edun
danc
y
vehi
cle
data
(e.
g., f
rom
bus
ses,
hig
h-sp
eed
trai
ns)
can
be tr
ansm
itted
in
adva
nce
for
mai
nten
ance
Em
erge
ncie
sea
rly tr
ansm
issi
on o
f pat
ient
dat
a to
the
hosp
ital,
curr
ent s
tatu
s, fi
rst
diag
nosi
s
repl
acem
ent o
f a fi
xed
infr
astr
uctu
re in
cas
e of
ear
thqu
akes
, hur
rican
es,
fire
etc.
cris
is, w
ar, .
..
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
9
Typ
ical
appl
icat
ion:
roa
dtr
affic
ad h
ocU
MT
S, W
LAN
,D
AB
, GS
M,
cdm
a200
0, T
ET
RA
, ...
Per
sona
l Tra
vel A
ssis
tant
,D
AB
, PD
A, l
apto
p,
GS
M, U
MT
S, W
LAN
, B
luet
ooth
, ...
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
10
Mob
ile a
nd w
irele
ss s
ervi
ces
–A
lway
s B
est C
onne
cted
UM
TS
,D
EC
T2
Mbi
t/s
UM
TS
, GS
M38
4 kb
it/s
LAN
100
Mbi
t/s,
WLA
N54
Mbi
t/s
UM
TS
, GS
M11
5 kb
it/s
GS
M 1
15 k
bit/s
,W
LAN
11
Mbi
t/s
GS
M 5
3 kb
it/s
Blu
etoo
th 5
00 k
bit/s
GS
M/E
DG
E 3
84 k
bit/s
,W
LAN
780
kbi
t/s
LAN
, WLA
N78
0 kb
it/s
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
11
App
licat
ions
II
Tra
velli
ngsa
lesm
endi
rect
acc
ess
to c
usto
mer
file
s st
ored
in a
cen
tral
loca
tion
cons
iste
nt d
atab
ases
for
all a
gent
sm
obile
offi
ce
Rep
lace
men
t of f
ixed
net
wor
ksre
mot
e se
nsor
s, e
.g.,
wea
ther
, ear
th a
ctiv
ities
flexi
bilit
y fo
r tr
ade
show
s
LAN
s in
his
toric
bui
ldin
gs
Ent
erta
inm
ent,
educ
atio
n, ..
.ou
tdoo
r In
tern
et a
cces
s
inte
llige
nt tr
avel
gui
de w
ith u
p-to
-dat
elo
catio
n de
pend
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
ad-h
oc n
etw
orks
for
mul
ti us
er g
ames
His
tory
Info
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
12
Loca
tion
depe
nden
t ser
vice
s
Loca
tion
awar
e se
rvic
esw
hat s
ervi
ces,
e.g
., pr
inte
r, fa
x, p
hone
, ser
ver
etc.
exi
st in
the
loca
l en
viro
nmen
t
Fol
low
-on
serv
ices
auto
mat
ic c
all-f
orw
ardi
ng, t
rans
mis
sion
of t
he a
ctua
l wor
kspa
ce to
the
curr
ent l
ocat
ion
Info
rmat
ion
serv
ices
„pus
h“: e
.g.,
curr
ent s
peci
al o
ffers
in th
e su
perm
arke
t„p
ull“:
e.g
., w
here
is th
e B
lack
For
rest
Che
rry
Cak
e?
Sup
port
ser
vice
sca
ches
, int
erm
edia
te r
esul
ts, s
tate
info
rmat
ion
etc.
„fo
llow
“ th
e m
obile
de
vice
thro
ugh
the
fixed
net
wor
k
Priv
acy w
ho s
houl
d ga
in k
now
ledg
e ab
out t
he lo
catio
n
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
13
Mob
ile d
evic
es
per
form
ance
per
form
ance
Pag
er•
rece
ive
only
•tin
y di
spla
ys•
sim
ple
text
m
essa
ges M
obile
pho
nes
•vo
ice,
dat
a•
sim
ple
grap
hica
l dis
play
s
PD
A•
sim
pler
gra
phic
al d
ispl
ays
•ch
arac
ter
reco
gniti
on•
sim
plifi
ed W
WW
Pal
mto
p•
tiny
keyb
oard
•si
mpl
e ve
rsio
ns
of s
tand
ard
appl
icat
ions
Lapt
op•
fully
func
tiona
l•
stan
dard
app
licat
ions
Sen
sors
,em
bedd
edco
ntro
llers
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
14
Effe
cts
of d
evic
e po
rtab
ility
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
limite
d co
mpu
ting
pow
er, l
ow q
ualit
y di
spla
ys, s
mal
l dis
ks d
ue to
lim
ited
batte
ry c
apac
ity
CP
U: p
ower
con
sum
ptio
n ~
CV
2 fC
: int
erna
l cap
acity
, red
uced
by
inte
grat
ion
V: s
uppl
y vo
ltage
, can
be
redu
ced
to a
cer
tain
lim
it
f: cl
ock
freq
uenc
y, c
an b
e re
duce
d te
mpo
rally
Loss
of d
ata
high
er p
roba
bilit
y, h
as to
be
incl
uded
in a
dvan
ce in
to th
e de
sign
(e
.g.,
defe
cts,
thef
t)
Lim
ited
user
inte
rfac
esco
mpr
omis
e be
twee
n si
ze o
f fin
gers
and
por
tabi
lity
inte
grat
ion
of c
hara
cter
/voi
ce r
ecog
nitio
n, a
bstr
act s
ymbo
ls
Lim
ited
mem
ory
limite
d va
lue
of m
ass
mem
orie
s w
ith m
ovin
g pa
rts
flash
-mem
ory
or ?
as
alte
rnat
ive
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
15
Wire
less
net
wor
ks in
com
paris
on to
fixe
d ne
twor
ks
Hig
her
loss
-rat
es d
ue to
inte
rfer
ence
emis
sion
s of
, e.g
., en
gine
s, li
ghtn
ing
Res
tric
tive
regu
latio
ns o
f fre
quen
cies
freq
uenc
ies
have
to b
e co
ordi
nate
d, u
sefu
l fre
quen
cies
are
alm
ost a
ll oc
cupi
ed
Low
tran
smis
sion
rat
eslo
cal s
ome
Mbi
t/s, r
egio
nal c
urre
ntly
, e.g
., 9.
6kbi
t/s w
ith G
SM
Hig
her
dela
ys, h
ighe
r jit
ter
conn
ectio
n se
tup
time
with
GS
M in
the
seco
nd r
ange
, sev
eral
hun
dred
m
illis
econ
ds fo
r ot
her
wire
less
sys
tem
s
Low
er s
ecur
ity, s
impl
er a
ctiv
e at
tack
ing
radi
o in
terf
ace
acce
ssib
le fo
r ev
eryo
ne, b
ase
stat
ion
can
be s
imul
ated
, th
us a
ttrac
ting
calls
from
mob
ile p
hone
s
Alw
ays
shar
ed m
ediu
mse
cure
acc
ess
mec
hani
sms
impo
rtan
t
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
16
Ear
ly h
isto
ry o
f wire
less
com
mun
icat
ion
Man
y pe
ople
in h
isto
ry u
sed
light
for
com
mun
icat
ion
helio
grap
hs, f
lags
(„s
emap
hore
“), .
..
150
BC
sm
oke
sign
als
for
com
mun
icat
ion;
(Pol
ybiu
s, G
reec
e)
1794
, opt
ical
tele
grap
h, C
laud
e C
happ
e
Her
e el
ectr
omag
netic
wav
es a
re
of s
peci
al im
port
ance
:
1831
Far
aday
dem
onst
rate
s el
ectr
omag
netic
indu
ctio
nJ.
Max
wel
l (18
31-7
9): t
heor
y of
ele
ctro
mag
netic
Fie
lds,
wav
e eq
uatio
ns
(186
4)
H. H
ertz
(18
57-9
4): d
emon
stra
tes
with
an
expe
rimen
t the
wav
e ch
arac
ter
of e
lect
rical
tran
smis
sion
thro
ugh
spac
e(1
888,
in K
arls
ruhe
, Ger
man
y, a
t the
lo
catio
n of
toda
y’s
Uni
vers
ity o
f Kar
lsru
he)
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
17
His
tory
of w
irele
ss c
omm
unic
atio
n I
1895
Gug
lielm
oM
arco
nifir
st d
emon
stra
tion
of w
irele
ss
tele
grap
hy (
digi
tal!)
long
wav
e tr
ansm
issi
on, h
igh
tr
ansm
issi
on p
ower
nec
essa
ry (
> 2
00kw
)
1907
Com
mer
cial
tran
satla
ntic
con
nect
ions
huge
bas
e st
atio
ns
(30
100m
hig
h an
tenn
as)
1915
Wire
less
voi
ce tr
ansm
issi
on N
ew Y
ork
-S
an F
ranc
isco
1920
Dis
cove
ry o
f sho
rt w
aves
by
Mar
coni
refle
ctio
n at
the
iono
sphe
re
smal
ler
send
er a
nd r
ecei
ver,
pos
sibl
e du
e to
the
inve
ntio
n of
the
vacu
um
tube
(19
06, L
ee D
eFor
esta
nd R
ober
t von
Lie
ben)
1926
Tra
in-p
hone
on
the
line
Ham
burg
-B
erlin
wire
s pa
ralle
l to
the
railr
oad
trac
k
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
18
His
tory
of w
irele
ss c
omm
unic
atio
n II
1928
m
any
TV
bro
adca
st tr
ials
(ac
ross
Atla
ntic
, col
or T
V, T
V n
ews)
1933
F
requ
ency
mod
ulat
ion
(E. H
. Arm
stro
ng)
1958
A-N
etz
in G
erm
any
anal
og, 1
60M
Hz,
con
nect
ion
setu
p on
ly fr
om th
e m
obile
sta
tion,
no
hand
over
, 80%
cov
erag
e, 1
971
1100
0 cu
stom
ers
1972
B-N
etz
in G
erm
any
anal
og, 1
60M
Hz,
con
nect
ion
setu
p fr
om th
e fix
ed n
etw
ork
too
(but
loca
tion
of th
e m
obile
sta
tion
has
to b
e kn
own)
avai
labl
e al
so in
A, N
L an
d LU
X, 1
979
1300
0 cu
stom
er in
D19
79N
MT
at 4
50M
Hz
(Sca
ndin
avia
n co
untr
ies)
1982
Sta
rt o
f GS
M-s
peci
ficat
ion
goal
: pan
-Eur
opea
n di
gita
l mob
ile p
hone
sys
tem
with
roa
min
g
1983
Sta
rt o
f the
Am
eric
an A
MP
S (
Adv
ance
d M
obile
Pho
ne
Sys
tem
, ana
log)
19
84C
T-1
sta
ndar
d (E
urop
e) fo
r co
rdle
ss te
leph
ones
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
19
His
tory
of w
irele
ss c
omm
unic
atio
n III
1986
C-N
etz
in G
erm
any
anal
og v
oice
tran
smis
sion
, 450
MH
z, h
and-
over
pos
sibl
e, d
igita
l si
gnal
ing,
aut
omat
ic lo
catio
n of
mob
ile d
evic
e
Was
in u
se u
ntil
2000
, ser
vice
s: F
AX
, mod
em, X
.25,
e-m
ail,
98%
co
vera
ge
1991
Spe
cific
atio
n of
DE
CT
Dig
ital E
urop
ean
Cor
dles
s T
elep
hone
(to
day:
Dig
ital E
nhan
ced
Cor
dles
s T
elec
omm
unic
atio
ns)
1880
-190
0MH
z, ~
100-
500m
ran
ge, 1
20 d
uple
x ch
anne
ls, 1
.2M
bit/s
da
ta tr
ansm
issi
on, v
oice
enc
rypt
ion,
aut
hent
icat
ion,
up
to s
ever
al
1000
0 us
er/k
m2 ,
use
d in
mor
e th
an 5
0 co
untr
ies
1992
Sta
rt o
f GS
Min
D a
s D
1 an
d D
2, fu
lly d
igita
l, 90
0MH
z, 1
24 c
hann
els
auto
mat
ic lo
catio
n, h
and-
over
, cel
lula
r
roam
ing
in E
urop
e -
now
wor
ldw
ide
in m
ore
than
170
cou
ntrie
s
serv
ices
: dat
a w
ith 9
.6kb
it/s,
FA
X, v
oice
, ...
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
20
His
tory
of w
irele
ss c
omm
unic
atio
n IV
1994
E-N
etz
in G
erm
any
GS
M w
ith 1
800M
Hz,
sm
alle
r ce
lls
As
Epl
usin
D (
1997
98%
cov
erag
e of
the
popu
latio
n)
1996
Hip
erLA
N(H
igh
Per
form
ance
Rad
io L
ocal
Are
a N
etw
ork)
ET
SI,
stan
dard
izat
ion
of ty
pe 1
: 5.1
5 -
5.30
GH
z, 2
3.5M
bit/s
reco
mm
enda
tions
for
type
2 a
nd 3
(bo
th 5
GH
z) a
nd 4
(17
GH
z) a
s w
irele
ss
AT
M-n
etw
orks
(up
to 1
55M
bit/s
)
1997
Wire
less
LA
N -
IEE
E80
2.11
IEE
E s
tand
ard,
2.4
-2.
5GH
z an
d in
frar
ed, 2
Mbi
t/s
alre
ady
man
y (p
ropr
ieta
ry)
prod
ucts
ava
ilabl
e in
the
begi
nnin
g
1998
Spe
cific
atio
n of
GS
M s
ucce
ssor
sfo
r U
MT
S (
Uni
vers
al M
obile
Tel
ecom
mun
icat
ion
Sys
tem
) as
Eur
opea
npr
opos
als
for
IMT
-200
0
Irid
ium
66 s
atel
lites
(+
6 sp
are)
, 1.6
GH
z to
the
mob
ile p
hone
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
21
His
tory
of w
irele
ss c
omm
unic
atio
n V
1999
Sta
ndar
diza
tion
of a
dditi
onal
wire
less
LA
Ns
IEE
E s
tand
ard
802.
11b,
2.4
-2.5
GH
z, 1
1Mbi
t/sB
luet
ooth
for
pico
nets
, 2.4
Ghz
, <1M
bit/s
Dec
isio
n ab
out I
MT
-200
0S
ever
al “
mem
bers
” of
a “
fam
ily”:
UM
TS
, cdm
a200
0, D
EC
T, …
Sta
rt o
f WA
P (
Wire
less
App
licat
ion
Pro
toco
l) an
d i-m
ode
Firs
t ste
p to
war
ds a
uni
fied
Inte
rnet
/mob
ile c
omm
unic
aito
nsy
stem
Acc
ess
to m
any
serv
ices
via
the
mob
ile p
hone
2000
GS
M w
ith h
ighe
r da
ta r
ates
HS
CS
D o
ffers
up
to 5
7,6k
bit/s
Firs
t GP
RS
tria
ls w
ith u
p to
50
kbit/
s (p
acke
t orie
nted
!)U
MT
S a
uctio
ns/b
eaut
y co
ntes
tsH
ype
follo
wed
by
disi
llusi
onm
ent (
appr
ox. 5
0 B
$ pa
yed
in G
erm
any
for
6 U
MT
S li
cenc
es!)
2001
Sta
rt o
f 3G
sys
tem
sC
dma2
000
in K
orea
, UM
TS
in E
urop
e, F
oma
(alm
ost U
MT
S)
in J
apan
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
22
Wire
less
sys
tem
s: o
verv
iew
of t
he d
evel
opm
ent
cellu
lar
phon
essa
telli
tes
wire
less
LA
Nco
rdle
ssph
ones
1992
:G
SM 19
94:
DC
S 1
800
2001
:IM
T-2
000
1987
:C
T1+
1982
:In
mar
sat-
A
1992
:In
mar
sat-
BIn
mar
sat-
M
1998
:Ir
idiu
m
1989
:C
T 2
1991
:D
EC
T19
9x:
prop
rieta
ry
1997
:IE
EE
802
.11
1999
:80
2.11
b, B
luet
ooth
1988
:In
mar
sat-
C
anal
og
ue
dig
ital
1991
:D
-AM
PS
1991
:C
DM
A
1981
:N
MT
450
1986
:N
MT
900
1980
:C
T0
1984
:C
T1
1983
:A
MP
S
1993
:P
DC
4G –
four
th g
ener
atio
n: w
hen
and
how
?
2000
:G
PR
S20
00:
IEE
E 8
02.1
1a
200?
:F
ourt
h G
ener
atio
n(I
nter
net b
ased
)
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
23
Fou
ndat
ion:
ITU
-R -
Rec
omm
enda
tions
for
IMT
-200
0
M.6
87-2 IM
T-2
000
conc
epts
and
goa
ls
M.8
16-1 fr
amew
ork
for
serv
ices
M.8
17IM
T-2
000
netw
ork
arch
itect
ures
M.8
18-1 sa
telli
tes
in IM
T-2
000
M.8
19-2 IM
T-2
000
for
deve
lopi
ng c
ount
ries
M.1
034-
1 requ
irem
ents
for
the
radi
o in
terf
ace(
s)
M.1
035 fr
amew
ork
for
radi
o in
terf
ace(
s) a
nd
radi
o su
b-sy
stem
func
tions
M.1
036 sp
ectr
um c
onsi
dera
tions
M.1
078
secu
rity
in IM
T-2
000
M.1
079
spee
ch/v
oice
band
data
per
form
ance
M.1
167
fram
ewor
k fo
r sa
telli
tes
M.1
168
fram
ewor
k fo
r m
anag
emen
t
M.1
223
eval
uatio
n of
sec
urity
mec
hani
sms
M.1
224
voca
bula
ry fo
r IM
T-2
000
M.1
225
eval
uatio
n of
tran
smis
sion
tech
nolo
gies
. . .
http
://w
ww
.itu.
int/i
mt
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
24
Wor
ldw
ide
wire
less
subs
crib
ers
(old
pred
ictio
n19
98)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700 19
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
01
Am
eric
as
Eur
ope
Japa
n
othe
rs
tota
l
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
25
Mob
ile p
hone
s pe
r 10
0 pe
ople
199
9
010
2030
4050
60
Fin
land
Sw
eden
Nor
way
Den
mar
k
Italy
Luxe
mbu
rg
Por
tuga
l
Aus
tria
Irel
and
Sw
itzer
land
Gre
at B
ritai
n
Net
herla
nds
Fra
nce
Bel
gium
Spa
in
Gre
ece
Ger
man
y
2002
: 50
-70%
pen
etra
tio
n in
Wes
tern
Eu
rop
e
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
26
Wor
ldw
ide
cellu
lar
subs
crib
er g
row
th
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Subscribers [million]
Not
e th
at th
e cu
rve
star
ts to
flat
ten
in 2
000
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
27
Cel
lula
r su
bscr
iber
s pe
r re
gion
(Ju
ne 2
002)
Asi
a P
acifi
c;
36,9
Eur
ope;
36,
4
Am
eric
as (
incl
. U
SA
/Can
ada)
; 22
Afri
ca;
3,1
Mid
dle
Eas
t;
1,6
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
28
Mob
ile s
tatis
tics
snap
shot
(S
ept 2
002)
Tot
al G
loba
l Mob
ile U
sers
869m
T
otal
Ana
logu
e U
sers
71m
T
otal
US
Mob
ile u
sers
145
m
Tot
al G
loba
l GS
M u
sers
680
m
Tot
al G
loba
l CD
MA
Use
rs 1
27m
T
otal
TD
MA
use
rs 8
4m
Tot
al E
urop
ean
user
s 2
83m
T
otal
Afr
ican
use
rs 1
8.5m
T
otal
3G
use
rs 1
30m
T
otal
Sou
th A
fric
an u
sers
13.
2m
Eur
opea
n P
repa
id P
enet
ratio
n 6
3%
Eur
opea
n M
obile
Pen
etra
tion
70.
2%
Glo
bal P
hone
Shi
pmen
ts 2
001
393
m
Glo
bal P
hone
Sal
es 2
Q02
96.
7m
htt
p:/
/ww
w.c
ellu
lar.
co.z
a/st
ats/
stat
s-m
ain
.htm
#1 M
obile
Cou
ntry
Chi
na (
139m
) #1
GS
M C
ount
ry C
hina
(99
m)
#1 S
MS
Cou
ntry
Phi
lipin
es#1
Han
dset
Ven
dor
2Q02
Nok
ia (
37.2
%)
#1 N
etw
ork
In A
fric
a V
odac
om(6
.6m
) #1
Net
wor
k In
Asi
a U
nico
m
#1 N
etw
ork
In J
apan
DoC
oMo
#1 N
etw
ork
In E
urop
e T
-Mob
il (2
2.3m
) #1
In In
fras
truc
ture
Eric
sson
G
loba
l mon
thly
SM
Ss/
user
36
SM
S S
ent G
loba
lly 1
Q02
60
billi
on
SM
S s
ent i
n U
K 6
/02
1.3
billi
on
SM
S s
ent G
erm
any
1Q02
5.7
bill
ion
SM
S S
ent 2
001
102.
9 bi
llion
G
SM
Cou
ntrie
s on
Air
171
G
SM
Ass
ocia
tion
mem
bers
574
T
otal
Cos
t of 3
G L
icen
ses
in E
urop
e 11
0bn
Eur
os
Th
e fi
gu
res
vary
a lo
t d
epen
din
g o
n t
he
stat
isti
c, c
reat
or
of
the
stat
isti
c et
c.!
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
29
Are
as o
f res
earc
h in
mob
ile c
omm
unic
atio
n
Wire
less
Com
mun
icat
ion
tran
smis
sion
qua
lity
(ban
dwid
th, e
rror
rat
e, d
elay
)
mod
ulat
ion,
cod
ing,
inte
rfer
ence
med
ia a
cces
s, r
egul
atio
ns
...
Mob
ility lo
catio
n de
pend
ent s
ervi
ces
loca
tion
tran
spar
ency
qual
ity o
f ser
vice
sup
port
(de
lay,
jitte
r, s
ecur
ity)
...
Por
tabi
lity
pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
limite
d co
mpu
ting
pow
er, s
izes
of d
ispl
ay, .
..
usab
ility
...
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
30
Sim
ple
refe
renc
e m
odel
use
d he
re
App
licat
ion
Tra
nspo
rt
Net
wor
k
Dat
a Li
nk
Phy
sica
l
Med
ium
Dat
a Li
nk
Phy
sica
l
App
licat
ion
Tra
nspo
rt
Net
wor
k
Dat
a Li
nk
Phy
sica
l
Dat
a Li
nk
Phy
sica
l
Net
wor
kN
etw
ork
Rad
io
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
31
Influ
ence
of m
obile
com
mun
icat
ion
to th
e la
yer
mod
el
serv
ice
loca
tion
new
app
licat
ions
, mul
timed
iaad
aptiv
e ap
plic
atio
nsco
nges
tion
and
flow
con
trol
qual
ity o
f ser
vice
addr
essi
ng, r
outin
g,
devi
ce lo
catio
nha
nd-o
ver
auth
entic
atio
nm
edia
acc
ess
mul
tiple
med
ia a
cces
s co
ntro
len
cryp
tion
mod
ulat
ion
inte
rfer
ence
atte
nuat
ion
freq
uenc
y
App
licat
ion
laye
r
Tra
nspo
rt la
yer
Net
wor
k la
yer
Dat
a lin
k la
yer
Phy
sica
l lay
er
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
32
Ove
rvie
w o
f the
mai
n ch
apte
rs
Cha
pter
2:
Wire
less
Tra
nsm
issi
on
Cha
pter
3:
Med
ium
Acc
ess
Con
trol
Cha
pter
4:
Tel
ecom
mun
icat
ion
Sys
tem
s
Cha
pter
5:
Sat
ellit
e S
yste
ms
Cha
pter
6:
Bro
adca
st
Sys
tem
s
Cha
pter
7:
Wire
less
LA
N
Cha
pter
8:
Mob
ile N
etw
ork
Laye
r
Cha
pter
9:
Mob
ile T
rans
port
Lay
er
Cha
pter
10:
S
uppo
rt fo
r M
obili
ty
Pro
f. D
r.-I
ng. J
oche
nS
chill
er, h
ttp://
ww
w.jo
chen
schi
ller.
de/
MC
SS
021.
33
Ove
rlay
Net
wor
ks -
the
glob
al g
oal
regi
onal
met
ropo
litan
are
a
cam
pus-
base
d
in-h
ouse
vert
ical
hand
over
horiz
onta
lha
ndov
er
inte
grat
ion
of h
eter
ogen
eous
fixe
d an
dm
obile
net
wor
ks w
ith v
aryi
ngtr
ansm
issi
on c
hara
cter
istic
s
