MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS:5G ACTIVITIES AND TECHNOLOGY IN KOREA

Youngnam HanProfessor, DoEE, KAISTChair, Steering Committee, 5G Forum Koreaynhan@kaist.ac.kr

5G STRATEGY & 5G FORUM, KOREA

5G R&D PLAN IN KOREA

– Period: ’14 ~ ’20 (7 years)

– Budget: 1.6 Trillion Won (US 1.5 Billion $) by public private joint investment

5G MASTER Strategy

Market Activator Standard Frontier

Technology Leader

Ecosystem Renovator

’15.12 ’17.12 ’20.12

Pre-5G Service → 5G Trial Service →5G Commercial

Service

‘Creative 5G Mobile Strategy’ (Jan. 22, 2014)

by Korean Government (MSIP) to roll out 5G network

Public private partnership to promote 5G Mobile communications R&D

• Established May 30, 2013, Seoul (www.5gforum.org)

Members

• Private sector: Operators, Equipment (Handset, Network) vendors, SMEs

• Research institutes, Academia & Public Organization: ETRI, IITP, GiGa KF, KAIST, SNU, etc.

• Global Companies: Nokia, Qualcomm, Intel, R&S, Keysight Tech (Ex. Agilent) etc.

5G FORUM

Global Leadership and Promotion in 5G Mobile Communication toward 2020

Development of5G vision and services

Studies onspectrum aspects

Identification ofpotential technologies

Collaborationfor global

harmonization

Bridge between industries and government

5G ForumMission & Objectives

5G FORUM: VISION & MISSION

Secretariat

Wireless Technology Subcommittee

Global StrategySubcommittee

Spectrum Subcommittee

Service Subcommittee

Steering Committee

Executive Board

Advisory CounselAuditor

Network Technology Subcommittee

5G FORUM: ORGANIZATION

5G FORUM: OPERATIONAL ASPECTS

5G FORUM: MAJOR ACTIVITIES

1st Year: (~2013.12)• MoU with IMT2020 PG, China• MoU with 2020B AH, Japan• Promotion for 5G

ITU-R WP5D Workshop

2nd Year: (~2014.12)• MoU with 5GPPP, EU• 5G Global Summit, Oct., 2014, Busan • Joint Research Projects with IMT2020 Promotion Group• Publication of 5G White Papers on

Service Enabling Technologies Spectrum

5G FORUM: GLOBAL COLLABORATION

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

5G FORUM

TEMPLATE: ITU-R WP 5D

ParameterUser

experienced data rate

Peak

data rate

Mobility LatencyConnection

density

Energy efficiency

Spectrum efficiency

Traffic volume density/

Areal traffic

Capacity

Value for future IMT

100 Mbit/s

– 1Gbit/s

10 – 50 Gbit/s

500km/h

1 msec(radio

interface)

106 – 107/Km2

or use relative numbers

50 -100 or more

X

IMT-Adv.

(for network)

TBD

5X IMT-Adv.

[1-10 TB/s/Km2

or use relative

numbers

– TBD]

8 KPIs

TECHNOLOGY VISION: ITU-R WP5D: AS OF FEB., 2014

5G SERVICE REQUIREMENTS

Low power BS

Motion Games

UHD-TV, Hologram

Traffic Safety

Hyper-connectivity

Hyper-mobility

Hyper-accuratepositioning

Hyper-efficientenergy utilization

Remote Healthcare

Stadium & Shopping mall

High speed Train

Hyper-reliability

Hyper-cost effectiveness

Avionic Cellular

Hyper-fastresponse

Hyper-speedtransmission

SensorsIoE

RRH

5G TECHNOLOGY VISION/REQUIREMENTS (11 KPIs)

5G ForumIMT-Advanced

<5cm

99.999%

x1000

TBD

Technology Vision

1 Gbps/user anytime anywhere with hyper-connectivity in 2020s

Connecting human & things

Multi-Giga servicesfor hologram & multi-view

Immersive service

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY: WHAT WIRELESS CHANNEL REQUIRES

法古創新 or 溫古而知新

1G: FDMA

• Frequency reuse• Cellular

2G: TDMA &

CDMA• Power Control• Diversity

3G: WCDMA• Asynchronous cell

search (w/o GPS)

4G: OFDMA• Cooperative

Communication• Massive MIMO

Mobile Communication Generations

KEY ELEMENTS I: MULTIPLE ACCESS

TDMA

2G

CDMAFH/SSMADS/SSMA

5G3G

WCDMA

4G

OFDMAFDDTDD

FDMA

1G

INTRODUCTION: MODULATION/CODING

PN Sequence

DS/SSFH/SS

2G 5G3G

Smart code(repetition)

4G

OCQPSK

ST coding

MIMO

3G

Turbo code(repetition)

OC-QPSK

ST coding/MIMO

MU-MIMO/Massive MIMO

1G

QPSK/DQPSK

H-ARQ

Relay/Network Coding

M-QAM

INTRODUCTION: NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Macrocell

2G

Soft/Softer HO

Power Control

5G3G

Smart code(repetition)

4G

OCQPSK

ST coding

MIMO

3G

Micro/Pico cell

Cooperative/ Relay

Frequency reuse

(cellular)

CoMP/eICIC

/F-eICIC

femtocell

FFR

1G

HetNet/Vertical HO

TECHNOLOGY: NETWORK

* EPC: Evolved Packet Core

Circuit Switching

Circuit/Packet Switching

Packet Switching

Shared Control Dedicated Data

Shared Data/Control Dedicated DataDedicated Control

Cf. C-RAN/D-RANTCP/IP

EPC for 4G

H/W Dependent H/W Independent

NFV/SDN

Physical Limit

C= BW·log(1+���(��, N0, I))

Spectrum

InterferenceTransmitPower

Single-stream Capacity by C. Shannon

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Frequency Reuse

• Fixed/Dynamic Sectorization• Channel Allocation• Flexible frequency reuse (FFR)

Power Control

• Near-far problem• Rise-over-thermal (I0/N) control for capacity• Interference management

Diversity

• Spectral: OFDM• Spatial: Handoff, (MU-, Massive, Compact)

MIMO• Temporal: Inter-leaving, H-ARQ

POWER CONTROL

Near-far Problem

* Max. Capacity (Uplink)

- Same Received Power@BS

* Graceful Degradation

for capacity

* Interference control

MACRO (SPATIAL) DIVERSITY: SOFT HANDOFF

RSSI(SNR)

T-ADD

T-DROP

Req. SNR

Objective

Smaller cell -> MS as personal BS

BS 1 BS 2

MACRO DIVERSITY: SOFT HANDOFF

i

ii i ii

jj ( i)

From

C= BW log

S C= α BW log 1+ , where α= 1

I+N

S1+

I+N

to

Diversity: Selection, MRC, Weighted, Equal gain combining, etc..

NETWORK DIVERSITY IN M-RAT

�∈

i,j i,ji,j

i,ji,j ntwks (i,j)(i,j)

i,ji,j

with (i,j) exclusive of i and j, w / o same cell interference)

:orthogonality

(

To (HetNet)

α S C= BW log 1+ ,

I +N

where α = 1

NETWORK DIVERSITY IN M-RAT

k

i,j i,ji,j

i,j,kk i,j ∈ ntwks (i,j)(i,j)

αS C = BW log 1+ ,

I +N

with frequency allocation k.

w/Dynamic Spectrum Allocation

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES5G FORUM

- 30 -

Core Network: Technical Requirements

Seamless mobility

Multi-RAT interworking

Wired/wireless terminal switching

Network on-demand

Context-aware best connection

Single ID for multiple access

Fine-grained location tracking

Distributed architecture

Inter-GW mobility

Flexible reconfiguration & upgrade

Bottom-upRequirements

Top-down Requirements

EnhancementRequirements

B1

B2

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

E1

E2

E3

Core

Network

Technical

Requirements

Core Network: Architecture

- To cover both wireline and wireless accesses- Control plane separated from data plane- Fully distributed network architecture with single level of hierarchy- GW-to-GW interface for seamless mobility between 5G-GW- Traffic of the same flow over multiple RAT- BS/GW co-located content/service cache to support low latency service

Requirements & Key Features

5G-GW Data Plane

5G-GWData plane Internet

MacroBS

Wire-line Terminal

Logical GW

Virtualized Control Plane

5G Services

AP

Policy &Charging

AAALocation

Mgmt

Mobility

D2D

Fine GrainGeo Loc.

…Radio InfoResource

Status & Topo.

Small CellBS

Relay station

Type1 WLAN

Type2 WLAN

Sensor

Net. Virtualization Control

(e.g., SDN controller)

Macro Cell

D2D

D2D

M2M service

…

Personal Cell RRHContent &

ServiceCache

ContentCache

B1

T1

T2

T3T4

B2

T5

E3

E1

E2

B1: Seamless mobilityB2: Multi-RAT interworkingT1: Wired/wireless terminal switching T2: Network on demandT3: Context-aware best connectionT4: Single ID for multiple accessT5: Fine grained location trackingE1: Distributed architectureE2: Inter-GW mobilityE3: Flexible reconfiguration & upgrade

Core Network: Design Objectives

DesignObjectives

Enabling TechnologiesRequirements to consider

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

B1 B2 E1 E2

E3

Highly Flexible 5G

Core Infrastructure

Flexible service chaining for future mobile services √ √

Optimal virtualization of mobile core control functions √ √

Dynamic open control protocol for mobile core network √ √

Flat & Distributed

Network

Virtualized logical GW with distributed switch √ √

Dynamic mobility anchoring for seamless inter-GW HO √ √

Signaling mitigation for always-on-applications and IoT √ √

Converged Access

Control & Transport

Access control & authentication based on unified ID √

Multi-RAT carrier aggregation √ √

HetNet/Multiple RAT mobility control √ √

Integrated resource management and control √ √ √ √

Access condition-aware content delivery √ √ √

T1 Wired and wireless terminal switching

T2 Network on-demand

T3 Context aware best connection

T4 Singe ID for multiple access

T5 Fine grained location tracking

B1 Seamless Mobility B2 Multiple RAT interworking

E1 Distributed Architecture

E2 Inter GW mobility E3 Flexible Reconfigure & Upgrade

Design Objectives & Enabling Technologies

Core Network: Enabling Technologies (1) Virtualization for Highly Flexible Core Infrastructure

Technology Overview

Mobile cloud network• On-demand resource partition/ allocation/ management

(Mobile as a Service)• Cloud RAN virtualization/RAN sharing and mobile core

node virtualization

Smart content delivery network• Radio-aware streaming delivery (e.g. DASH)• Content-aware delivery• Follow-me cloud (e.g. LBS-based)

Difficult deployment of new services• Not support cloud network concept/ IMS depression/

appearance of 3rd Party service

No profit model for mobile operators• Just “bit pipe” network with high OPEX & CPEX

Inefficient content delivery network• Bottleneck in mobile core for massive multimedia

contents• Transmission delay through core networks

Motivation

- Mobile as a Service (MaaS)

Core Network: Enabling Technologies (2) Virtualization for Highly Flexible Core Infrastructure

- SDN-based EPC virtualization: EPC over SDN

Control plane (S/W) & data plane (H/W) in the same system

• Difficult to add a new service• High upgrade cost• Slow in reaction to the network state change

Control plane & data plane separated and implemented as an independent system

• Easy to add a variety of services• Low cost for the network upscale, only requiring data plane switches• Flexible in reaction to the network state change

Core Network: Enabling Technologies (3) Distributed Architecture for Handling Traffic & Signaling Explosion

Ultra flat architecture with logical GW and distributed SW • Ultra flat data plane architecture • Mobile core signaling using distributed cloud • Distributed signaling with detection & control of signaling explosion

Technology Overview

Hierarchical EPC Architecture using fixed P-GW is not scalable for traffic explosion• Distributed data plane for solving traffic explosion problem• Accommodate signaling explosion using virtualization

technologies in distributed manner• Need to convert to the distributed architecture

Motivation

Core Network: Enabling Technologies (4) Unified Access Control & Transport

Technology Overview

Convergence of multiple accesses • Optimal convergent network design• Unified access control/ authentication/ security-

key distribution• Optimal functional block design for multiple

accesses• Efficient handover to support optimal routing

path on multi-RATs • Common radio resource management

Difficult to interwork among heterogeneous/Multi radio access• Independent identifier • Different access method and authentication• Multiple auth-key and security session Service

continuity on edge core GW• Inefficient access control and data routing path• Independent radio resource management at

each RAT

Motivation

AS-IS

- Unified access control

To-Be

Core Network: Enabling Technologies (5)

Technology Overview

Peer-level multi-path management• Multi-APN support

GW-level multi-path management• Semi-static multi radio resource and session management

Multi-RAT Resource aggregation• Lossless handover on multi-RAT handover• Dynamic scheduling on multi radio resource

Only support a simple handover method between multi-RATs• Network-controlled handover based on radio

conditions• Difficult to support user preference• Deficiency of optimal RAT selection algorithm

Motivation

Peer

CGW

CGW

MacroBS

Type 2 WLAN

Type 1 WLAN

UE

Muti-RAT carrier aggregation

GW-level multi-path management

Peer-level multi-path management

Unified Access Control & Transport - Multi-RAT

Wireless Network: Technical Requirements

Wireless Network Requirements by 10 KPIs

Cell spectral efficiency[bps/Hz/Cell]

Peak data rate[Gbps]

Cell edge user data rate[Gbps]

Areal capacity[bps/km2]

Energy efficiency[J/bit]

Positioning[cm]

Reliability[%, ms]

Latency[ms]

Mobility[km/h]

Connectivity[numbers/km2]

Handover interruption time[ms]

10

50

1 1

600

10

1

300

60

7.5M2.6

Index Requirement Value

R1 Cell spectralefficiency

DL: 10 bps/Hz/cellUL: 5 bps/Hz/cell

R2 Peak data rateDL: 50 GbpsUL: 25 Gbps

R3 Cell edgeuser data rate

DL: 1 GbpsUL: 0.5 Gbps

R4 LatencyControl plane: 50 msUser plane: 1 ms

R5 Mobility 500 km/h

R6 Handoverinterruption time

10 ms

R7 Areal capacity [TBD]

R8 Energy efficiency [TBD]

R9 Connectivity [1000 times]

R10 Positioning [a few cm]

Category Enabling Technologies5G RAN Requirements

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10

Wide and Flexible

Bandwidth Technology

Millimeter-wave Band Communication

Spectrum Integration

Integrated Tx/Rx with WLAN and WPAN

Cognitive radio and spectrum sharing

Advanced

Transmission

Technology

Modulation Advanced modulation: FQAM

Waveform FBMC

GFMC

Duplexing In-band full duplexing

Multiple Access NOMA

SCMA

Large-scale Antenna

Large-scale antenna below 6GHz

Large-scale antenna above 6GHz

Advanced Interference Management

Access Architecture-

related Technology

Advanced Dense Small Cell

Virtualized RAN

Enhanced Wireless Backhaul

Advanced Relay

Moving Network

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication

Massive Connectivity

R1: Cell Spectral Efficiency R4: Latency R8: Energy EfficiencyR2: Peak Data Rate R5: Mobility R9: ConnectivityR3: Cell Edge User Data Rate R6: Handover Interruption Time R10: Positioning

R7: Areal Capacity

Wireless Network: Enabling Technologies (1)

Overview

Candidate Technologies

1. Wide & Flexible Bandwidth Technologies

- Millimeter-wave Band- Spectrum integration- Cognitive radio & spectrum sharing

2. Advanced TransmissionTechnologies

- Advanced modulation: FQAM- Waveform design: FBMC

3. Duplexing - In-band full duplexing

4. Multiple Access - Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)

5. Large Scale Antenna - Large scale antenna below 6GHz- Large scale antenna above 6GHz

6. Advanced Interference Management - Advanced receiver for simultaneous non-unique decoding

7. Access Architecture-related Technologies

- Advanced small cell- Enhanced wireless backhaul- Advanced relay- Moving network- Device-to-device communication- Massive connectivity

Wireless Network: Enabling Technologies (2) Overview

5G ENABLING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES: (I)

Frequency band

4G frequencies(up to 100 MHz)

mmWave based NRAT(1 GHz)

Peak data rate 1Gbps Peak data rate >50 Gbps

User plane latency 10ms User plane latency 1ms

(>50 Gbps per Cell)

5G ENABLING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES (II)

FQAM for Cell-edge Performance

5G ENABLING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES: (III)

BS

MS 3

MS 1

MS 2

Subcarrier Index (Frequency)

MS 3

MS 1

MS 2

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

Po

wer

strong channel user (scu) low tx power

weak channel user (wcu) high tx power

NOMA for Channel Adaptation

5G ENABLING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES (IV)

Inside vehicle Smallcell

Sub 6 GHz access link

mDU

mGW

Public Internet

5G Enabling Wireless Technologies (V)

TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY: 5G FORUM

Channel PHY RRC/RRM Network

User experience data rate

3D-beamformingFSK-QAM (FQAM)

NOMA, CoMP, F-eICIC

Moving small cell

Peak data rate More/higher BW, CA Massive MIMO NOMA, CoMP, F-eICIC

Small cell/HetNet

Spectrum efficiency

In-band Full Duplexing (IBFD)

Small cell/HetNet

Energy efficiency ON/OFF, Load-dependent Cell operation

Connection density

M-RAT Small cell/HetNet

Latency Shorter TTI Vertical Handover C-RAN/D-RAN

Mobility Vertical Handover CoMP, F-eICIC

Moving Wireless Backhaul

SCHEDULE: ITU-R WP5D (NOV., 2014)

15

Winter Olympic at PyungChang

CONCLUSIONS

Global Cooperation

Spectrum Issues, Research, Development, and Standardization

Schedule: Operators, Vendors for Consumers

Vision and Requirements

Technology

Evolution in Spectrum Usage, CAI and/or Network

Massive MIMO in mmWAVE?

Fiber Wireless (FiWi) and/or NFV/SDN for Network

How much disruptive is revolution?

Any new/innovative idea in wireless environment?

謝謝!!