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MLA Guidelines &
Paper Editing
He believed, “Flowers could grow…”
(“Disasters” ¶9)
(Matthews 16)
Paper Editing
Your rough draft must be edited by two
different students.
You must also edit two different rough
drafts to receive your editing grade.
You must submit both edited rough draft
copies (with editor’s name) with your final
paper.
Follow this power point very carefully.
Editing
Introduction - 1st sentence = HOOK
Grabs readers attention
If it’s a quote it must be properly cited
Does it make sense?
Bridge – connects hook to thesis
Can be something from the books analyzed
THESIS = LAST SENTENCE
Must contain arguable point and something to do
with the writer’s novels of choice
Must have at least one literary element in it
Must not have author background in it
Body Paragraphs
Everything in each body paragraph must
support the THESIS of paper
Must contain
Topic sentence
Two pieces of support (at least)
Any information the reader needs to understand
the support being used
Solid explanations of how support proves topic of
paragraph and thesis of overall paper
Conclusion and transition sentence (can be one or
two)
Body Paragraphs
Topic Sentences –
Every body paragraph needs a sentence
explaining what that paragraph is about. It must
clearly support the argument made in the thesis.
Write a “T” by each topic sentence.
Topic Sentences can be a reverse hook or a
following sentence but must be at the beginning
of the paragraph
You must read the entire paragraph to make sure
there is nothing in the paragraph that does not
fall under the topic sentence.
Body Paragraphs
Quotes –
Is there at least one quote per body
paragraph?
Does the paragraph contain at least two
pieces of support?
Does everything in the paragraph
support the topic of the paragraph?
Conclusion –
Restates but does not repeat thesis
Summarizes main arguments
Does not contain:
Quotes
New information
Transitions –
Each paragraph must flow into the next.
As you edit you must ascertain whether or
not the writer connects each paragraph to
the next.
Circle the word(s) that allow the
sentences to flow from one to another
If you cannot figure out how the
sentences are connected you must write
that on the paper
Transitions Example–
(Last sentence in paragraph) In "The Tell-Tale Heart," a
careful reader can observe Poe's skillful
manipulation of the senses.
The sense of sight, the primary
sense, is particularly susceptible to
manipulation. (First sentence in next paragraph)
Paper Content
Must have 6 different sources used (does
not matter how- direct quotes,
paraphrasings, or summaries
Must contain literary criticism
Paper length = full 3 pages but no more
than 5 full pages
Parenthetical
Citations &
Quotations
Direct Quotes
First of all make sure no direct quotes
used in the paper are over 2 lines.
If there are mark the quote(s) as too long.
The writer must narrow down the evidence
they are using.
A three – five page paper may not use
block text
Embedding the Quote
There are bad kids on the island.
One of them is Roger. He drops a
boulder on Piggy and kills him.
"Roger, with a sense of
delirious abandonment, leaned
all his weight on the lever"
(Golding 180). This caused
Piggy's death.
Embedding the Quote
The truest form of wickedness on the
island is evident in Roger. He
demonstrates his true depravity when,
"with a sense of delirious
abandonment, [he] leaned all his
weight on the lever" (Golding 180).
Well aware of Piggy's place beneath
him, Roger willingly takes Piggy's life.
Ellipses
Dillard says that the weasel "bites his
prey at the neck . . . and he does not let
go.”
INSTEAD OF:
Dillard says that the weasel "bites his
prey at the neck either splitting the
jugular vein at the throat or
crunching the brain at the base of the
skull and he does not let go."
Ellipses
He said, "I am here. . . “ (Smith 2). -Ellipsis because the quoted words are a complete
sentence by themselves
-Why four "periods" instead of three?
Well, in this case, I am using an ellipsis (three periods) and a period for my own sentence (one period).
The author called George a “freak”
(Smith 2).
-No ellipses because only quoted a phrase
Brackets – Verb tense
Dillard concludes her essay by saying that she "think it would be well, and proper, and obedient, and pure, to grasp your one necessity and not let it go, to dangle from it limp wherever it take you.“
CHANGE TO:
Dillard concludes her essay by saying that she "think[s] it would be well, and proper, and obedient, and pure, to grasp your one necessity and not let it go, to dangle from it limp wherever it take[s] you."
Brackets - pronouns
Use brackets when the original meaning of the message is unclear due to confusing pronouns.
Dillard was "stunned into stillness as he was emerging from beneath an enormous shaggy wild rose bush four feet away.“
CHANGE TO-
Dillard was "stunned into stillness as [the weasel] was emerging from beneath an enormous shaggy wild rose bush four feet away."
Parenthetical Citations anything else = PLAGIARISM
•If the ideas didn’t come from your own
brain then you MUST CITE IT!
Example: (author’s last name pg #)
(Golding 117)
•You must cite = Direct Quotations,
Paraphrased Notes, and Summaries.
Parenthetical Citations
Usually you will cite author’s last name because it is the first
piece of info from the citation. However, there are different
possibilities –
Two sources with the same author- cite the next piece
of info (ie. Usually a title; must be punctuated the same as
in the citation)
No author- use whatever info comes first in the citation
(usually a title; must be punctuated the same as in the
citation)
If you are citing a website with no page numbers – you
need a paragraph number (Smith par 2) or (“Julia
Alvarez” par 27)
There Are Two Ways To Make
Parenthetical Citations
1.Put the author’s name in the stem of
your sentence, and the page number in
parentheses at the end of the sentence.
Example: Jones described his dog
as a “snarling beast” that day (117).
2. Put both the author’s name and the
page number in parentheses at the
end of the sentence.
Example: The dog was a
“snarling beast” that day (Jones
117).
Citation Punctuation
•If your sentence ends with a period, put the
period after the parentheses.
Example: “…beast” (Jones 117).
•If your sentence ends with a question mark
or an exclamation point, put it before the last
quotation mark.
Examples: “…beast?” (Jones 117).
“…beast!” (Jones 117).
Direct Quote
1. Golding reveals how "Roger, with a sense of
delirious abandonment, leaned all his weight on
the lever“ (180). Well aware of Piggy's place
beneath him, Roger willingly takes Piggy's life.
or
2. The reader can see that “Roger, with a sense
of delirious abandonment, leaned all his weight
on the lever“ (Golding 180). Well aware of
Piggy's place beneath him, Roger willingly takes
Piggy's life.
Paraphrased
1. Golding shows that Roger is wicked by making him happy and excited when he leaned on the lever with his entire weight (180). Well aware that Piggy is beneath him, Roger willingly takes Piggy's life.
Or
2. The reader knows that Roger is wicked because he was happy and excited when he leaned on the lever with his entire weight (Golding 180). Well aware that Piggy is beneath him, Roger willingly takes Piggy's life.
Summary
1. Golding lists Ralph’s rules: fire only on the
mountain top, the sea rocks are bathrooms,
and everyone must leave water in the coconut
shells (53).
Or
2. In chapter 3, Ralph lists his rules: fire only
on the mountain top, the sea rocks are
bathrooms, and everyone must leave water in
the coconut shells (Golding 53).
Editing
Embedding Quotes -
Is the quote embedded into the writer’s
sentence? Underline the writer’s words
attached to the quote. If you can’t it’s
not embedded.
Is the quote correctly punctuated? – You
must look at the original quote on their
outline to know. Ex. The narrator said, “’I
have the conch.’”
Editing
MLA Guidelines –
Do all of their quotes (including an opening
hook) have page numbers correctly cited? Ex.
He said, “’I have the conch’” (Golding 23).
Summarizing and paraphrasing must also be
cited. You must read their entire paper. If they
use information from the book (NOT FROM
THEIR OWN BRAINS) it must include a citation.
Highlight any plagiarized text blue or green.
Sources
Total Sources
Paper must have 6 different sources used
Two sources must be novels
Only once source (besides the novels)
may be used outside of the approved
databases; this source must be verified as
credible
All sources must actually be cited in paper
not just listed on the works cited page
Literary Criticism
Lit Crit
Addresses literary devices of the two
novels
Shows understanding of texts/topics
Show awareness of author’s purpose
Grammar &
Mechanics
Mechanics-
No grammatical, spelling, or
punctuation errors anywhere in the
paper
No run-on sentences or sentence
fragments
All sentences make sense to reader not just in the writer’s head when they wrote it at 3 in the morning.
Sentences structures vary
MLA &
Paper Formatting
Paper Formatting -
Must be double-spaced
Times New Roman
12 pt font
Must have original title
Heading must be in the “header”
Heading must be double-spaced in upper left-
hand corner (and not in the header):
NAME
Bush
ENGLISH II PreAP/MYP – Block
Due Date
Works Cited
Page & Citations
Works Cited Page
You must turn in a Works Cited Page with
your final research paper.
Directions are in the packet with an
example. Follow the directions carefully.
Citations
For further questions concerning MLA
formatting:
The Purdue Online Writing Lab
(OWL)
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/