Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft The Fate of Antimatter January 17, 2013 | Hans Ströher JARA|FAME Inauguration

Mit

glie

d d

er

Helm

holt

z-G

em

ein

sch

aft

The Fate of Antimatter

January 17, 2013 | Hans Ströher

JARA|FAME Inauguration

10. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 2

Matter and Antimatter

AnnihilationAnnihilation


Matter and Antimatter

No antimatter (!?)No antimatter (!?)

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

Time after Big BangNow

No indications for massive annihilation radiation


Paul A.M. Dirac


Inventor of AntimatterInventor of Antimatter

Paul A.M. Dirac

-

+


…, we must regard it rather as an accident that the Earth (and presumably the wholesolar system), contains a preponderance of negative electrons and positive protons.

MatterMatter

Paul A.M. Dirac


It is quite possible that for some of the stars it is the other way about, these stars being built up mainly of positrons and negative protons.

Anti-MatterAnti-Matter

Paul A.M. Dirac


Search for Anti-matter

From: NASA.gov


If we accept the view ofcomplete symmetry betweenpositive and negative electriccharge as far as concerns the fundamental laws of Nature, ...

(A)Symmetry ?(A)Symmetry ?

Paul A.M. Dirac


Search for an Asymmetry

Symmetric Big BangSymmetric Big Bang


Search for an Asymmetry

Asymmetric UniverseAsymmetric Universe


Whereis the anti-

matter?

Search for it !

It´s gone – why ?

AMS EDMQuantitativetheoreticalconnection


Whereis the anti-

matter?

Search for it !

It´s gone – why ?

AMS EDMDetectors

ElectronicsData Handling


Symmetrical objectsSymmetrical objects

– Snowflakes –

Symmetry


Why Symmetry Matters

Fundamental symmetry principles … - dictate the basic laws of physics,- control the structure of matter, and- define the fundamental forces in Nature.(Leon Lederman)

Discrete symmetriesDiscrete symmetries

Theorem

Mirror Reflection + Inversion

Symmetries (except CPT) are not perfect


Fundamental symmetry principles … - dictate the basic laws of physics,- control the structure of matter, and- define the fundamental forces in Nature.(Leon Lederman)


The fundamental theories of physics are based on symmetry considerations, yet:our world is filled with asymmetry.(Tsung-Dao Lee)

Different behaviourDifferent behaviour

KL

+

e-

e

KL

-

e+

e

CP-mirrorCP-mirror

„Particles“ „Anti-particles“

One decay happens more frequently CP-symmetry is broken


New CPV ? - EDM New CPV ? - EDM


Standard Model CP violation too small !

Matter Anti-Matter


EDM violates T (CP)EDM violates T (CP)

Electric Dipole Moment

Spin

„Round“:No EDM

Spin EDM

++--

++--T

Differentstates

Spin EDM


1950´s: EDMs small1950´s: EDMs small


1 fm

+

<10 m

-

Neutron

1022 fm



Adapted from:Nature,

Vol 482 (2012)

No EDM yet, only limitsNo EDM yet, only limits

„10m“

EDMs must exist

Neutron


EDM: precision frontierEDM: precision frontier


1 fm 1022 fm

+

<10 µm

-


µ d

Precession frequencyPrecession frequency

How EDMs are Measured

B E B

E

hf+ = 2µB + 2dE hf- = 2µB - 2dE


Polarization vectorPolarization vector


„Freeze“ horizontal spinof polarized

charged particle beamin storage ring

along themomentum, …

Spin

Momentum




„Freeze“ horizontal spinof polarized

charged particle beamin storage ring

along themomentum, …




… apply a radial electric field (E) …

… and watch for development of vertical polarization EDM

Goal:10-29 e cm

„nm separation“


COSY: from tests …COSY: from tests …

Storage Ring EDM Project


COSY: precursor expt.COSY: precursor expt.



… … to a precision SRto a precision SR


Options:

All-electric ring (proton, electron): only E-fieldAll-in-one ring (proton, deuteron, 3He): E- and B-fields

Requirements:

Clockwise and

counterclockwise beams


… … to a precision SRto a precision SR


Options:


Challenges:

Huge E-fieldsShielding B-fieldsSpin coherenceBeam position

Polarimetry(...)



Options:


JEDI-CollaborationJEDI-Collaboration

JEDIJülich Electric Dipole Moment Investigations


JEDI: staged approachJEDI: staged approach


EDM Sensitivity

Time

R&D, test measurements at COSY

Precursor expt. w/ COSY

Dedicated SR

Now

10-24 e cm

10-29 e cm

First directmeasurements

for p, d

First directmeasurements

for p, d


Highest sensitivityHighest sensitivity


pEDMdEDM

Possibility of a

discovery


Fate of antimatterFate of antimatter

JARA|FAME

CPVCPV

Search for charged-particle EDMs in storage rings

Unprecedented sensitivity (< 10-29 e cm)Reason for baryon-asymmetric Universe

Physics beyond the Standard ModelExceptional technological challenge

T

EDM


A A must-domust-do and can-do !

JARA|FAME

CPVCPV




T

EDM


A A must-domust-do and and can-docan-do ! !

JARA|FAME




CPVCPV

T

EDM



SPARES


CMB Radiation

“PLANCK” (ESA, 2009)

The main feature of this image is our own Galaxy, as a white line across the middle.

Planck's main objective is to map the CMB ratiation, which was emitted in the early Universe. This can be seen in regions where the Galaxyis not emitting strongly, as red and yellow mottled appearance at the top and bottom of the image.

The CMB is actually present over the whole sky, but is swamped bythe light from our own Galaxy.



INTEGRAL mapped the glow of 511 keV gamma rays from electron-positron annihilation. The map shows the whole sky, with the galactic center in the middle. The emission extends to the right.

This INTEGRAL image shows the distribution of hard low-mass X-ray binaries. This stellar population has a distribution that matches the extent of the 511 keV map.



FERMI Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (formerly GLAST):

-ray pulsars

Cycle of pulsed gamma rays from the Vela pulsar


Baryon Asymmetric Universe

From: NASA.gov

The predicted abundance of deuterium, helium and lithium depends on the density of ordinary matter in the early Universe.

The WMAP satellite is able to directly measure the ordinary matter density:

i.e., or every baryon, thereare 2 x 109 photons …, butwe see no antibaryons:

Time since Big Bang (yr)


Baryogenesis

From: NASA.gov

Three conditions (Sakharov):

Baryon number violation B = 0 B = 0

C- and CP-violation every asymmetry will be compensated

Non-thermal equilibrium no change in equilibrium

Can be formally proven by quantum mechanics and statistical physics.

SM baryogenesis extremelyunlikely (smallness of CPV,current Higgs-mass)


Production of Anti-matter

1995:First observation of anti-hydrogen(9 atoms)W. Oelert et al.


Production of Anti-matter


Symmetry


Discrete Symmetries


Symmetry Breaking


Symmetry Breaking

Documents

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft The Fate of Antimatter January 17, 2013 | Hans Ströher JARA|FAME Inauguration