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Miss T’s Biochemistry
Review
All organic molecules contain
what element?
CARBON!
What is a monomer?
Smallest repeating subunit of a molecule.
Think train car.
What would be the monomer of a pearl necklace?
What is a polymer?
Long chain of repeating subunits(The whole train
The whole pearl necklace)
What’s the monomer of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
Name 3 monosaccharides
GlucoseFructose
Galactose
What is the chemical formula
for monosaccharides
(glucose)?
C6H12O6
What is a disaccharide?
Double Sugar (Two
Monosaccharides attached to one
another)
What is the name of the reaction that forms a
disaccharide from 2
monosaccharides?
Dehydration Synthesis
How is the bond formed in a dehydration
synthesis reaction?
What is the reverse of a dehydration
synthesis reaction?
Hydrolysis(Hydro- = water-Lysis = to split)
What are the 3 disaccharides?
Sucrose (Table Sugar)
glucose + fructoseLactose (Milk Sugar)glucose + galactoseMaltose (Malt sugar)glucose + glucose
What is the polymer of a
carbohydrate?
Polysaccharide
What are the three types of
polysaccharides?
StarchEnergy storage in plants Long chains of glucose
GlycogenEnergy storage in animals
CelluloseStructure in plant cell walls
Again, what is the name of the reaction that
forms polysaccharides?
Dehydration Synthesis
What is the main source of energy in living things?
Carbohydrates
What organic molecule is the reserve form of energy in living
things?
Lipids
What type of molecule is
shown below?
GlucoseC6H12O6
What elements are found in
lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen &
Oxygen
What’s the difference between a
Carbohydrate & a lipid?
Carbohydrates have a 1:2:1 of C,H&O, lipids
have no distinct ratio
What is the monomer of a
lipid?
Triglyceride(3 fatty acids and
a glycerol)
What is the polymer of a
lipid?
Fats, Oils, & Waxes
What type of molecules is found
below?
Triglyceride
What is the difference between
saturated and unsaturated fats?
Unsaturated fats have a double bond
that kinks the molecule so they
don’t fit well together.
Which of the below is a saturated fat? Unsaturated fat?
What type of fat is solid at room temp? A liquid?
Saturated Fats are solids at room temp
(lard, butter)
Unsaturated Fats are liquids at room temp
(oils)
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
A nucleotide
What three things make up a nucleotide?
5-Carbon SugarPhosphate Group
Nitrogen Base
What is the function of
nucleic acids?
To store and transmit genetic
information
What are the polymers of
nucleic acids?
DNA & RNA
What is the monomer of a
protein?
Amino Acid
What is the R group of an amino acid?
R group is like a place
holder or a variable in math.
What are four functions of proteins?
Proteins are important:-enzymes
-structure in cells-immune response-help form bone &
muscle
What are the products &
reactants of the following reaction?CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
What is the difference between
potential and kinetic energy?
Potential energy is stored energy or
energy of positions
Kinetic energy is energy of motion
What is Activation Energy?
The energy that is required to
start a reaction
What do enzymes do to a reaction?
They help speed up the rate of a
reaction
How do enzymes help speed up a
reaction?
By lowering the activation energy
Is this reaction energy releasing
or absorbing?
Where on this graph can activation
energy be found?
Is the following rxn energy releasing or
absorbing?
Is this a bond-forming reaction or bond breaking
reaction?
Where is energy stored in a molecule?
In the bonds of the molecule.
When you break bonds you release
energy.When you make bonds you store
energy
What organic molecule are
enzymes?
Proteins!
What is a catalyst?
a substance that SPEEDS up the RATE
of a chemical reaction by lowering a chemical reaction’s
activation energy
Draw a energy-storing enzyme
reaction…
What four factors affect enzyme
activity?
•TemperaturepH
Enzyme concentration
substrate concentration
What do enzymes do?
•Make materials that cells need-Help transmit
information
