Misc. People and Events in Between World War I and World War II

Marie Curie

• Polish physicist and chemist, working mainly in France, who is famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences. She was also the first female professor at the University of Paris (La Sorbonne), and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in Paris' Panthéon. Discovered the element Radium.

Alexander Flemming

• Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mold Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

Sigmund Freud

• Austrian neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis.

• Sigmund Freud Developed the Use of "Talk Therapy“

• Stressing that early childhood experiences affect the developing personality.

• Interrogated by the Nazis. • Escaped to England• Died 1939

Cubism

• Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century

• revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture

• early-20th-century art movement pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso

• objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form—instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context.

Violin and Candlestick Paris, (spring 1910-Georges Braque

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso

Dadaism• art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century. It

began in Zurich, Switzerland in 1916• born out of negative reaction to the horrors of World War I• rejected reason and logic, prizing nonsense, irrationality and intuition• involved visual arts, literature, poetry, art manifestoes, art theory,

theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti-war politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works. In addition to being anti-war, Dada was also anti-bourgeois and had political affinities with the radical left

• Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a celebration of anti-art and the movement that layed the foundation for Surrealism

Raoul Hausmann Mechanischer Kopf (Der Geist unserer Zeit) (Mechanical Head

Surrealism

• resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality

• unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic precision, created strange creatures from everyday objects and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself

Max Ernst The Elephant Celebes 1921

Salvador Dali The Persistence of Memory 1931

Max Ernst- L'Ange du Foyer ou le Triomphe du Surréalisme (1937

Easter Uprising 1916

• convened the First Dáil and established the Irish Republic and led to the Irish War of Independence

Red Scare• "Red Scare" was "a nation-wide anti-radical hysteria provoked by a

mounting fear and anxiety that a Bolshevik revolution in America • 1919, authorities discovered a plot for mailing 36 bombs to

prominent members of the U.S. political and economic establishment: J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, U.S. Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer, and immigration officials. On June 2, 1919, in eight cities, eight bombs simultaneously exploded. One target was the Washington, D.C., house of U.S. Attorney General Palmer, where the explosion killed the bomber, who evidence indicated was an Italian-American radical from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Afterwards, Palmer ordered the U.S. Justice Department to launch the Palmer Raids (1919–21)

Dawes Plan• The Allies' occupation of the Ruhr industrial area contributed to the

hyperinflation crisis in Germany• plan provided for their leaving the Ruhr, and a staggered payment

plan for Germany's payment of war reparations. Because the Plan resolved a serious international crisis, Dawes shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925 for his work.

• The Dawes Plan relied on capital lent to Germany by a consortium of American investment banks, led by the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company, under supervision by the US State Department. The Dawes plan was based on the help of loans from the US that were unrelated to the previous war.

Dawes Plan