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April 2, 2013 Objective 29 – Timeline – Be sure to review notes on my webpage Objective 30 – Notes Map Activity Begin Reading 26 – The Cold War

Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

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Page 1: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

April 2, 2013

■Objective 29 – Timeline – Be sure to review notes on my webpage

■Objective 30 – Notes■Map Activity■Begin Reading 26 – The Cold War

Page 2: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Objective 30 - How did the U.S. mobilize civilians at home to help win World War 2 & what impact did this have on American society?

Page 3: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Mobilizing an “Arsenal of Democracy”

Page 4: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

The Home Front■WW2 impacted all aspects of

American life:–FDR hoped the U.S. would be

the great “arsenal of democracy” –The boost of wartime industry

ended the Great Depression–The war altered the lives of women,

African-Americans, Native-Americans Japanese-Americans (Nisei), & Mexican-Americans

Page 5: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Mobilization■To win wars in Asia & Europe &

meet civilian demands, the U.S. gov’t grew to its largest size ever:–The War Powers Act gave the

president unprecedented power–New bureaucracies were formed

to direct the economy, create propaganda, sell war bonds, & prevent enemy subversion

The power to create new gov’t agencies

to censor the press

to limit civil liberties & seize personal property

The Office of War Mobilization coordinated

the draft, consumer prices, & the labor force

The Office of War Information

directed press, print, radio, & film

propaganda

The Office of Strategic Services gathered enemy intelligence & conducted espionage

This is 2x as much as all previous gov’t spending combined

The U.S. gov’t spent $250 million per day from 1941 to 1945

Page 6: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Mobilization: The Demand for War Equipment & Soldiers

Page 7: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

War bonds helped raise $187 billion to support

the war effort

Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:It Will Lead to VICTORY!

Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond:It Will Lead to VICTORY!

Page 8: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

War Rations

Page 9: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Victory Gardens: Grow Your Own

Page 10: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Propaganda: Fighting the Enemy on the Battlefield & on the Home Front

Page 11: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Fear Propaganda

Page 12: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Hollywood Pitches In

Jimmy Stewart goes off to war

Page 13: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

The Wartime Economy■The most decisive factor for Allied

victory was America’s ability to outproduce both Germany & Japan–Heavy industry was converted

to war & was directed by the War Production Board (WPB)

–15 million U.S. soldiers fought but 60 million workers & farmers supplied them with supplies

U.S. made 2x more goods than Germany & 5x more than Japan

Page 14: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Ford’s Willow Run Factory Ford made one B-24 bomber every hour

Page 15: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Henry Kaiser’s West Coast ShipyardsThe Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic, in part, because the USA produced ships faster

than German u-boats could sink them

Kaiser standardized battleship building & reduced the time it took to make a battleship

from 355 days to 14 days

Page 16: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Regional Changes■The war effort transformed the

Western & Southern U.S.:–California became the major

center for industry to support the war effort in the Pacific

–60 of the 100 new military bases were built in the South

–Southern textile factories & industrial jobs helped end sharecropping & tenant farming

9 million defense workers moved to new factories & shipyards in South & West

Page 17: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Women■The war presented new economic

opportunities for women:–Dramatic rise in employment

(14 million to 19 million by 1945)–Most new female workers were

married, many middle-aged–Entered “exclusively male” fields–Temporarily redefined “woman’s

sphere” from “just at home”

Page 18: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

“Rosie, the Riveter”“Rosie, the Riveter”

Page 19: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!

Page 20: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Women’s Army Air Corps Pilots

Women’s Army Air Corps Pilots

Join the Women’s Army Corps

(WACs)

Join the Women’s Army Corps

(WACs)

Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)

Page 21: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Families■The uncertainties of war &

economic affluence of the 1940s led to a dramatic rise in marriage

■The influx of women into the workforce led to a new demand for daycare centers

■Public health improved as more families had access to doctors, dentists, & prescription drugs

Page 22: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

African-Americans■1 million blacks served in U.S.

military but few saw combat■Discrimination in the workforce

led A. Philip Randolph to pressure FDR to create a Fair Employment Practices Committee

■Continued black migration into the North & West made race relations a national issue

Banned discrimination in defense industries & gov’t

Page 23: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Segregated units…againSegregated units…again

Tuskegee Airmen

Page 24: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Double V: Victory at Home & Abroad

A. Philip Randolph threatened a “March on Washington” to

protest war-time discrimination

Other groups, like the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), staged sit-ins in restaurants

in major cities to protest discrimination

Page 25: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Mexican-Americans ■Mexican-Americans:

–Served in quasi-segregated military units, often in the most hazardous branches

–Mexican-American workers found jobs in SW agriculture & west coast industry

–Faced discrimination, especially during the Zoot Suit Riots

Page 26: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

“Zoot Suit” Riot in Los Angeles

Page 27: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Japanese-Americans■Due to Pearl Harbor, many in the

U.S. feared Japanese-Americans were helping prepare for a Japanese invasion in the West

■Civil liberties were restricted:–Nisei had their assets frozen–Used racial stereotypes (“Japs”)–In 1942, FDR ordered 112,000

Japanese-Americans moved to internment camps

Japanese who were not American citizens living in the U.S.

Page 28: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Japanese- American Internment

Camps

Families were given one week to close their businesses & homes

The all Japanese-American 442nd Division fought in Europe & received over 1,000

citations for bravery

Page 29: Get Ready! Compare & contrast the factors that drove the U.S. to war in 1917 & 1941 World War 1 World War World War 1 World War 2

Win-the-War Politics■In 1944, FDR used the war to

strengthen his leadership:–“Mr. New Deal” had shifted to

“Mr. Win the War”–Opponent Thomas Dewey made

communism & FDR’s health the focus of the election

–FDR switched VPs from liberal Henry Wallace to moderate Harry Truman to gain appeal