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7/29/2019 MIS (IT for managers)
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MODULE 1
FOUNDATION CONCEPTS
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DATA
Unorganized & unprocessed facts
Statement about reality, unsorted bits of facts
Prerequisite to information
Representation of a fact, number, word, image, picture or
sound
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INFORMATION
It has meaning, purpose and relevance.
It has shape because it is organized.
Information has a TIME VALUE.
Information improves representation entity.
It updates level of knowledge.
It is value added data.
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ATTRIBUTESOF INFORMATION
Accuracy in representation
Form of representation
Frequency of reporting
Scope of reporting
Scope of collection
Time Scale
Relevance to decision making
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DIFFERENCEBETWEEN DATA & INFORMATION
Data Latin 'datum' meaning "that which is given"
Data plural, datum singular.
Facts, statistics used for reference or analysis.
Numbers, characters, symbols, images etc., which can be processed by acomputer.
Data must be interpreted, by a human or machine, to derive meaning
"Data is a representation of information" *
Information
Knowledge derived from study, experience (by the senses), or instruction. Communication of intelligence.
"Information is any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people,
about things, facts, concepts, etc., in some context."
"Information is interpreted data"
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INFORMATIONASA RESOURCE
There are six inherent characteristics of information
as a resource: Expandable
Compressible
Substitutable
Transportable
Diffusive
Shareable
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SYSTEM
A system
Is a set of interrelated components
With a clearly defined boundary
Working together to achieve a common set of objectives
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS
An organized combination of People
Hardware
Software
Communications networks Data resources
Policies and procedures
That stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates
information in an organization
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COMPONENTS OF IS
Input capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be
processed
Processing transformation steps that convert input into output
Output transferring elements that have been produced by a
transformation process to their ultimate destination
Feedback data about the performance of a system
Control monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a
system is moving toward the achievement of its goal
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Components
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IS RESOURCES
People end users and IS specialists
Hardware physical devices and materials used in information
processing including computer systems, peripherals, and media
Software sets of information processing instructions including
system software, application software and procedures
Data facts or observations about physical phenomena or business
transactions
Network communications media and network infrastructure
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IS RESOURCES
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FUNDAMENTALROLESOF IS APPLICATIONSIN
BUSINESS
Support of its business processes and
operations.
Support of decision making by its employees
and managers.
Support of its strategies for competitiveadvantage.
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TRENDSIN IS
1. Data processing: 1950s 1960s
Electronic data processing systems
Transaction processing, record keeping, and traditionalaccounting applications.
2. Management reporting: 1960s 1970s
Management information systems
Management reports of pre specified information tosupport decision making
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TRENDS CONT
3. Decision support: 1970s 1980s Decision support systems
4. Strategic and User Support: 1980s 1990s End user computing systems
Executive information systems
Expert systems
Strategic information systems
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TRENDS CONT
5. Electronic Business and Commerce: 1990s till date
Internet based e-business and e-commerce systems.