Microsoft PowerPoint - Module 3-1 Sinner Circle Perf Effects

8/12/2019 Microsoft PowerPoint - Module 3-1 Sinner Circle Perf Effects

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Module 3 Washing process Chapter 1 Sinners circle and its effects 2

Content

Sinner Circle

Mechanics and its effect on washing performance

Chemistry and its effect on washing performance

Temperature and its effect on washing performance

Time and its effect on washing performance


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Purposes of Washing

To remove local and general soiling

To remove stainsTo maintain the whiteness of whitework andthe brightness of colour of dyed and printed goods

To keep or restore the original condition as far as physicalcharacteristics like softness, fluffiness of pile, etc.

To avoid chemical or physical damage which may unnecessarilyshorten the life of the goods


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Sinners circle

M

TCh

t M

T

Ch

t

t - time

Ch - c hemis try

T - tempe ratureM - mec hanics

Temperature - const. - cons t.

- high - shorte ne d

Chemical dosing MechanicsTime

Temperature - low - high

- we ak - prolonge d

Che mical dos ing Me chanicsTime


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Washer extractors

Basic elements of washer extractors are:Outer case , immovable liquor tank, fitted with a door through whichmachine can be loaded and unloaded

Perforated cylinder (inner drum) which is mounted in a way as torotate on a horizontal axis within an outer case which holds thewash liquor, it can be sectional or not depending on load capacity,equipped with lifting vanes

Reversing mechanism which allows the cage to makeseveral revolutions in one direction followed by the same number ofrevolutions in the opposite direction, to avoid the load becomingtangled and knotted

Electric drive, heating elements or steam coils, inlet and outletvalves (water, steam), control steering system .

bat dong va vanvo?

vong` quay

chieu`roi'


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Washer extractor


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Construction of inner drums

Drum diameter [mm] 900 900 - 1400 1400 - 1700 Above 1700

MarkingO D Y X


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Mechanical factor and its effecton washing performance

The movement of the wash in the washer extractoris caused by revolutions of inner drum

Its intensity depends on peripheral speed of the drum,i.e. number of revolutions per minute

Depending on peripheral speed the effect of mechanical action isdiversified, from low to significant

If the peripheral speed is a little lower from the speed equilibrating,the wash weight is falling down under the so called falling anglefalling angle ,,

ngoai bien

da dang


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A

F - ce ntrifuga l forceF - gravity force

c

g

F c

G Dnmg

Dnm

Gmg

r mF F

g

c

==

=

===

2

2

2

000555.0230sin

sin

where:n number of revolutions [rev./min]

D diameter of drum [m]

Mechanical factor ( G) is defined as sin


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TypeTypeTypeType Load capacityLoad capacityLoad capacityLoad capacity

[kg][kg][kg][kg]

Drum diameterDrum diameterDrum diameterDrum diameter

[mm][mm][mm][mm]

WashingWashingWashingWashing

revolutionsrevolutionsrevolutionsrevolutions[1/min][1/min][1/min][1/min]

GGGG

IPSO/HF 205IPSO/HF 205IPSO/HF 205IPSO/HF 205 20.020.020.020.0 760760760760 40404040 0.680.680.680.68

DHooge/JuniorDHooge/JuniorDHooge/JuniorDHooge/Junior 21.021.021.021.0 700700700700 41414141 0.660.660.660.66

Girbau/HSGirbau/HSGirbau/HSGirbau/HS3022302230223022

22.022.022.022.0 740740740740 44444444 0.800.800.800.80

Wascator/220Wascator/220Wascator/220Wascator/220 22.022.022.022.0 750750750750 44444444 0.810.810.810.81

Dubix/FAS 230Dubix/FAS 230Dubix/FAS 230Dubix/FAS 230 23.023.023.023.0 625625625625 52525252 0.950.950.950.95

Primus/F 55Primus/F 55Primus/F 55Primus/F 55 55.055.055.055.0 914914914914 40404040 0.820.820.820.82

Luniwash/160Luniwash/160Luniwash/160Luniwash/160 60.060.060.060.0 1120112011201120 27272727 0.460.460.460.46

Wascator/804Wascator/804Wascator/804Wascator/804 80.080.080.080.0 1120112011201120 36363636 0.810.810.810.81

DHooge/900DHooge/900DHooge/900DHooge/900 90.090.090.090.0 1220122012201220 32323232 0.700.700.700.70

The G values for washer extractors


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In majority of washer extractors G factor in the range of 0.64-

0.77 (for low and medium load capacity) and even 0.5 (for highload capacity) is considered

It is caused by an application of such textile goods which requiregentle action during the washing process and high mechanicalaction can damage or shorten the life of the goods

The last developments in construction of washer extractorsmade possible to introduce a continuous regulation of thefalling angles of 0.21-0.34. If needed, for the particular textilegoods resistant for the mechanical action, the falling angle up to

even 0.87 can be increased


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The mechanical action is also affected by:

load ratio (the quotient of an inner drum volume in dm3

to thewash mass) expressed in [dm 3 /kg] or simply 12:1

liquor ratio (water level in drum) in washing and rinsingprocesses defined as the quotient of total water volume in thewasher extractor to the wash mass expressed in [dm 3 /kg] orsimply 5:1; at the low level of the washing bath due to anincreased friction forces the mechanical action is also increased

construction of an inner drum ; in sectional drums adecreased mechanical action is observed; an increase in

the drum diameter is also associated with anincreased mechanical effect


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Optimal load ratios for washer extractors determined on

practical assessment hotel wash (I degree of soiling) 10:1

medium soiled wash (II degree of soiling) 12:1

heavy soiled wash (III degree of soiling) 14:1

curtains and delicate goods 14:1

polyester/cotton blends 20:1

currently most universal load ratio of 11:1 is applied (ISO 9398Standard)


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StageStageStageStage Type of textilesType of textilesType of textilesType of textilesWork liquorWork liquorWork liquorWork liquor

ratio,ratio,ratio,ratio,

[dm[dm[dm[dm3333

/kg]/kg]/kg]/kg]

Total liquorTotal liquorTotal liquorTotal liquorratio,ratio,ratio,ratio,

[dm[dm[dm[dm3333

/kg]/kg]/kg]/kg]WashingWashingWashingWashing CottonCottonCottonCotton 4 444 ---- 5555 cccca 5a 5a 5a 5

Polyester/cottonPolyester/cottonPolyester/cottonPolyester/cotton 4 444 ---- 6666 6666 ---- 8888

RinsingRinsingRinsingRinsing CottonCottonCottonCotton 6 666 ---- 8888 ca 8ca 8ca 8ca 8

Polyester/cottonPolyester/cottonPolyester/cottonPolyester/cotton ca 8ca 8ca 8ca 8 8888 ---- 10101010

Suggested liquor ratios (dm 3 /kg) in washing and rinsing

processes according to K. Hasenclever and J. Naumann


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Dewatering of wash after intermediate and end spinningThe measure of the removal of moisture from textile being washed

and rinsed is the dewatering constant G defined as a quotient of thecentrifugal acceleration of the washer extractor drum to gravitationalacceleration, and expressed as follows:

g

r G

====

2 or

2000555,0 n DG ====

where: G dewatering constant, angular speed = n/30

r = D/2 , g = 9,81 m/s 2, D inner drum diameter [m]n number of spinning revolutions per minute [min -1]

DnG

=2

10006,5

where: D inner drum diameter [cm]


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Dewatering constant values (G) in washer extractors ofdifferent load capacity

TypeTypeTypeTypeLoadLoadLoadLoad

capacitycapacitycapacitycapacity[kg][kg][kg][kg]

DrumDrumDrumDrumdiameterdiameterdiameterdiameter

[mm][mm][mm][mm]

SpinningSpinningSpinningSpinningrevolutionsrevolutionsrevolutionsrevolutions

[min[min[min[min ----1111 ]]]]

DewateringDewateringDewateringDewateringconstantconstantconstantconstant

(G)(G)(G)(G)

IPSO/HF 205IPSO/HF 205IPSO/HF 205IPSO/HF 205 20.020.020.020.0 760760760760 900900900900 343343343343

DHooge/JuniorDHooge/JuniorDHooge/JuniorDHooge/Junior 21.021.021.021.0 700700700700 1000100010001000 390390390390

Girbau/HSGirbau/HSGirbau/HSGirbau/HS3022302230223022

22.022.022.022.0 740740740740 950950950950 380380380380

Wascator/220Wascator/220Wascator/220Wascator/220 22.022.022.022.0 750750750750 850850850850 300300300300

Dubix/FAS 230Dubix/FAS 230Dubix/FAS 230Dubix/FAS 230 23.023.023.023.0 625625625625 926926926926 300300300300

Primus/F 55Primus/F 55Primus/F 55Primus/F 55 55.055.055.055.0 914914914914 830830830830 350350350350

Luniwash/60Luniwash/60Luniwash/60Luniwash/60 60.060.060.060.0 1120112011201120 780780780780 380380380380

DHooge/900DHooge/900DHooge/900DHooge/900 90.090.090.090.0 1220122012201220 750750750750 383383383383


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Influence of different types of textiles on the end humidityafter dewatering

TypeTypeTypeType Surface mass [g/mSurface mass [g/mSurface mass [g/mSurface mass [g/m 2222 ]]]] End humidity [%]End humidity [%]End humidity [%]End humidity [%]

Viscose fabricViscose fabricViscose fabricViscose fabric 180180180180 54545454

Viscose knitted fabricViscose knitted fabricViscose knitted fabricViscose knitted fabric 180 180180180 65656565

Cotton fabricCotton fabricCotton fabricCotton fabric 180180180180 42424242Cotton knitted fabricCotton knitted fabricCotton knitted fabricCotton knitted fabric 180 180180180 48484848

Linen fabricLinen fabricLinen fabricLinen fabric 220220220220 40404040

Wool knitted fabricWool knitted fabricWool knitted fabricWool knitted fabric - --- 27272727

Polyamide fabricPolyamide fabricPolyamide fabricPolyamide fabric 100100100100 13131313

Polyamide staple fibrePolyamide staple fibrePolyamide staple fibrePolyamide staple fibre - --- 15151515


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Chemistry and its effect on washingperformance

DREAM OF THE WASHERWOMAN(R. Berneiser, K. Ueberschr, Lehrbuch der Textilreinigung, VEB

Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig 1980)


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Water consumption in laundry

Water consumption in washer-extractors at the considered load (kg)

depends on: applied washing technology

different kinds of textiles to be washed and their soiling degree causethe changes in water consumption

the main factor affecting the consumption of water in the technologicalprocess considered is the liquor ratio in particular phases of thewashing process

the number of these phases requiring the filling of the washingmachine with water


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Technological operationsTechnological operationsTechnological operationsTechnological operationsMachinesMachinesMachinesMachines

WashWashWashWash WashWashWashWash 1)1)1)1) RinsingRinsingRinsingRinsing

TotalTotalTotalTotalconsumptionconsumptionconsumptionconsumption

TraditionalTraditionalTraditionalTraditionalwasherswasherswasherswashers

8.58.58.58.5 ---- 24.524.524.524.5 30.030.030.030.0

OldOldOldOld generationgenerationgenerationgenerationwasherwasherwasherwasher- ---extractorsextractorsextractorsextractors

8.58.58.58.5 ---- 21.521.521.521.5 30.030.030.030.0

NewNewNewNew generationgenerationgenerationgenerationwasherwasherwasherwasher- ---extractorsextractorsextractorsextractors(average):(average):(average):(average):

26.026.026.026.0

a)a)a)a) NewbornsNewbornsNewbornsNewborns washwashwashwash(also overalls)(also overalls)(also overalls)(also overalls) 1)1)1)1) 8.58.58.58.5 8.58.58.58.5 19.019.019.019.0 36.036.036.036.0

b) 3 fold rinsingb) 3 fold rinsingb) 3 fold rinsingb) 3 fold rinsing 2)2)2)2) 8.58.58.58.5 ---- 19.019.019.019.0 27.527.527.527.5

c) 3 fold rinsingc) 3 fold rinsingc) 3 fold rinsingc) 3 fold rinsing 8.5 8.58.58.5 ---- 17.017.017.017.0 25.525.525.525.5

d) 2 fold rinsingd) 2 fold rinsingd) 2 fold rinsingd) 2 fold rinsing 8.5 8.58.58.5 ---- 12.012.012.012.0 20.520.520.520.5

Tunnel washersTunnel washersTunnel washersTunnel washers total consumptiontotal consumptiontotal consumptiontotal consumption 8.0 8.08.08.0

DisinfectorsDisinfectorsDisinfectorsDisinfectors total consumptiontotal consumptiontotal consumptiontotal consumption 10.010.010.010.0SterilizersSterilizersSterilizersSterilizers total consumptiontotal consumptiontotal consumptiontotal consumption 5.0 5.05.05.0

Washing stands forWashing stands forWashing stands forWashing stands forttttrolleysrolleysrolleysrolleys

total consumptiontotal consumptiontotal consumptiontotal consumption ca. 2000 dmca. 2000 dmca. 2000 dmca. 2000 dm 3333 /h/h/h/h

Water consumptionin laundries

(dm 3 /kg of load)

1) pre-wash (2 operations)in separate machine,

2) higher liquor ratio(PET/cotton blend)

(A. Milczy ski, Poradnik Pralniczy , SPENTEX ed., d 2002)

tay ?

khu? trung`


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Main ingredients of contemporary washing powders: Surface active agents (soaps, anionic, non-ionic)

Sequestering agents (TPPNa, Zeolith A, NTA, EDTA etc.)

Builders (sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, sodiumsulphate, sodium perborate etc.)

Enzymes (proteinases, lipases, cellulases, oxido-reductases) TAEDsystem

Phosphonates Organic copolymers

Foam stabilizers (alkyl amides)

NaCMC (sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose)

Fluorescent brightening agents (FBA)

Fragrance

Dyestuff (ultramarine)


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BLEACHING/DISINFECTING AGENTS

chlorine - containing bleaching/disinfecting agents (sodium hypochlorite,chloramine, isocyanurates),

oxygen - containing bleaching/disinfecting agents (hydrogen peroxide,sodium perborate, peracetic acid,

Foellner, B., Bohnen, J., Kruessmann, H., Proceedings of the 40th wfk-InternationalDetergency Conference, April 30th May 3rd, (2001), Strasbourg, France, pp. 283-291

H2O2 + OH- H2O + HOO -

H2O2 + CH 3COOH H2O + CH 3COOOH

activated systems (TAED), modified activated systems ( H2O2 /TAED/ACL) for bleaching in tunnel batch washers (wfk)


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O

N

O

N

O

O

NH

NH

O

O

CH3

O

O O

CH3

O

O O

+ 2 HOO - - +

TAED Peracetic acid DAEDHydroperoxide

TAED - Tetra Acetyl Ethylene Diamine DAED - Di Acetyl Ethylene Diamine

- O + CH 3COOH


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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

PBS1; pH 6.5 PBS1; pH 8.0 TAED/PBS1; pH 8.0

TAED/PBS1; pH 6.5

N o o f c o

l o n y

f o r m

i n g u n

i t s / m

l

Contact time [min]

Bactericidal activity of TAED/PBS system towards Legionella pneumophila *

*George, I., Proceedings of the 37th wfk-International Detergency Conference,May 21-23, (1996), Krefeld, Germany, pp. 95-98


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7 8 9 10 11 12 130

20

40

60

80

100

120 Maxapem

pH

A c t

i v i t y [ % ]

The change of protease activity (MAXAPEM) vs pH of washing liquor


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350 450 550 650 750

75

80

85

90

95

100

105 CHEM+FBA CHEM CHEM+ULTRA

R e m

i s s i o n

[ % ]

Wavelength [nm]

Remission of cotton textile treated with various bleaching agents: chemical bleaching(chem), fluorescent brightening agent (FBA), ultramarine (ultra) vs wavelength of light


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OP

OP

OP

OP

O

O O O O

OOOO

OP

OP

OP

OP

O

O O O O

OOOO

5-

5 Na +Ca ++

3-

3Na +

Ca

TPPNa

SiO O O

O

O

Al

O

O O Si O

O

Al

O

O

Si

O

O O O

O

O

Al

O

O O Si O

O

Al

O

2Na +-

-

Ca ++-

-

Ca +++ 2Na +

Zeolite

Sequestering agents (TPPNa - sodium tripolyphosphate and Zeolite)


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CH2-COONa

CH2-COONaCH2-COONa

CH2C=O

O

CH2O

CH2

-

N

Ca ++Ca

O

O

O

H2O

H2O

N

Na +

NTA

Sequestering agent (nitrile triacetic acid)


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- - -

- - --

---- -

- -

-

--

-

-

- -

CH 2CH 2 CH 2CH 2

O-CH COO2 -CH 2

O-CH COO2 -

Fib re

A B

Elec tros tati c repuls ion forces

Soil

SoilCOO

COO

COO

COO

-

- -

-

Scheme of adsorption of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt on fibre ( A) and soil ( B)


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Temperature and its effect on washingperformance

At elevated temperature the kinetic energy of surfactant ions is

increased and the effective removal of dirt is much easier At elevated temperature the sorption velocity of surfactant ions on

textiles is increased

The problem of the washing temperature in laundries should

be considered in relation to disinfection Taking the washing quality into account , the studies done in British

laundries and BLRA proved that no distinct changes in dirt removal at60 oC, 65 oC, 82 oC and even above 92 oC were observed

tang dong luc hoat tinh be mat

toc do hut tren be mat

tay ?

su thay doi dang ke


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Our studies with linear alkylbenzene sulphonates proved that the maximumwashing efficiency in the temperature range 70 oC 75 oC was observed

In Poland, in hospital laundries on the basis of the State Hygiene Instituteand the Polish Sanitary Inspection directives the main wash shouldbe carried out in temperatures of 92 95 oC and time 16-18 min

What should be the proper washing temperature?thich hop


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0 5 10 15 20 250

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

ACL1 (10 oC, pH=9), pH reduction after 60min

ACL1 (20 oC, pH=9), pH reduction after 40min

ACL1 (30o

C, pH=9), pH reduction after 20min

P e r a c e t

i c a c i d

[ g l - 1 ]

Time [h]

Influence of the reaction temperature and the timing of the pH value reduction on theconcentration of the formed peracetic acid in the system ACL/H 2O2; pH-reduction after

60min (10 oC), after 40min (20 oC) and after 20min (30 oC)B. Foellner, J. Bohnen, H. Kruessmann, Proceedings of wfk 40 th International Detergency Conference,

April 30 th May 3 rd, Strasbourg, France, 2001


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65 oC60oC55 oC38 oCInitial

0

10

10 3

10 5

10 7

10 9

N u m

b e r o

f b a c

t e r i a

Temperature of main washing

Number of viable bacteria (Streptococcus faecalis) on square inch of textile after rinsingin dependence of main washing temperature

Kelsey, J.C., Path, M.C., Wagg, R.E., BLRA Bulletin, 9 (15), 231 236 (1969);9 (16), 239 246 (1969)


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TestTestTestTestnumbernumbernumbernumber

TemperatureTemperatureTemperatureTemperature[[[[oooo C]C]C]C]

Minimal countMinimal countMinimal countMinimal countof bacteria inof bacteria inof bacteria inof bacteria in

mlmlmlml

Maximal countMaximal countMaximal countMaximal countof bacteria inof bacteria inof bacteria inof bacteria in

mlmlmlml

AverageAverageAverageAveragecount ofcount ofcount ofcount of

bacteria in mlbacteria in mlbacteria in mlbacteria in ml

1414141414141414141414141313131313131313888855553333

2020202030303030404040405050505060606060707070708080808090909090

1200120012001200180018001800180070070070070010010010010050505050404040404040404010101010

100000001000000010000000100000003800000380000038000003800000240000024000002400000240000015600015600015600015600010000100001000010000

400400400400600600600600300300300300

1280012800128001280000000000634271634271634271634271334121334121334121334121422934229342293422931315131513151315210210210210192192192192113113113113

Number of viable bacteria remaining in washing liquor of varioustemperatures

Gruen, L., WRP, (7), 6-10 (1979)


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Disinfection agents

0

10

10 3

10 5

10 7

10 9

LKJHGFEDCBA

N u m

b e r o f

b a c t e r

i a a f

t e r

d i s i n f e c t i o n

Micrococcus E. coli

Number of viable bacteria on square inch of textile after drum drying for blankets

washed in low temperature with addition of disinfection agents: A- oryginal,B- without disinfection agents, C-L various disinfection agents

Kelsey, J.C., Path, M.C., Wagg, R.E., BLRA Bulletin, 9 (15), 231 236 (1969);9 (16), 239 246 (1969)


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The influence of temperature on washing efficiencyfor washing processes with application of enzymatic detergents

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40 Protogal Sd Maxatase Absence

W a s

h i n g e f

f i c i e n c y

[ % ]

Temperature [ oC]


37/40



Washing time is in reverse proportion to washing agent concentrationand applied mechanics

Washing agents require a definite contact time to ensure the properinteractions between fibre, dirt und washing agent

With an increased time the proper balance between the fibre surfaceand the washing bath is achieved thus affecting the suspending

power of the pigment soil and its redeposition The prolonged time of washing contributes to the bigger redeposition

of the pigment soil causing bigger greying and the mechanicaldamage of textiles

xac dinh thich hop

tuong tac' soi bong

keo' dai` dong gop' luan chuyen vi tri'

vet xam' lon'


38/40



Like temperature, time in which temperature is kept can be also consideredas an important factor for disinfection

According to the BLRA studies the total time of the main wash shouldamount to 10 minutes + 4 minutes as mixing time at temperature 65 oC

In washer extractors of a big load capacity 8 minutes as mixing time

should be added ( total 18 minutes ) An increase in temperature up to 71 oC is associated with a decrease in

basic time of wash up to 3 minutes with a mixing time 4 or 8 minutes ,respectively

nhan to tay

tuong ung'


39/40



The influence of time of washing process on washing efficiencyof enzymatic washing agents

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Protogal Sd Maxatase

Absence

W a s

h i n g e f

f i c i e n c y [ %

]

Time [min]


40/40



Technology of washing of the hospital whitework, according to Diversey; Milczy ski, A.,Poradnik pralniczy, Spentex ed., d , 2002 r.

No.No.No.No. StageStageStageStage WaterWaterWaterWater LevelLevelLevelLevelTemperatureTemperatureTemperatureTemperature

[[[[ooooC]C]C]C]TimeTimeTimeTime[min][min][min][min]

AgentAgentAgentAgentAmountAmountAmountAmount[g/kg][g/kg][g/kg][g/kg]

1.1.1.1.main washmain washmain washmain wash

1111coldcoldcoldcold lowlowlowlow 40404040 8888

Clax Build,Clax Build,Clax Build,Clax Build,Clax 100 OBClax 100 OBClax 100 OBClax 100 OB

10.510.510.510.56.06.06.06.0

2.2.2.2.main washmain washmain washmain wash

2222 coldcoldcoldcold lowlowlowlow 85858585 7777 Clax PersonrilClax PersonrilClax PersonrilClax Personril 7.07.07.07.0

3.3.3.3. draindraindraindrain 1111

4.4.4.4. rinsing 1rinsing 1rinsing 1rinsing 1 coldcoldcoldcold highhighhighhigh 3333


6.6.6.6. rinsrinsrinsrinsing 2ing 2ing 2ing 2 coldcoldcoldcold highhighhighhigh 3333


8.8.8.8. rinsing 3rinsing 3rinsing 3rinsing 3 coldcoldcoldcold mediummediummediummedium 3 333

Clax DivercidClax DivercidClax DivercidClax DivercidI,I,I,I,

Clax CombiClax CombiClax CombiClax Combicitriccitriccitriccitric

1.51.51.51.5

2.02.02.02.0


10.10.10.10. spinningspinningspinningspinning 8 888 Clax Build, Clax 100 OB washing agents; Clax Personril bleaching-disinfecting agent,

Clax Divercid I i Clax Combi citric pH regulating agents in the last rinse

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Microsoft PowerPoint - Module 3-1 Sinner Circle Perf Effects