Microgrid Microgrid –– A building block A building blockcener.com/documentacion/3-Monica-Aguado.pdf · Microgrid aimed at industrial application AC hit t ith f 75 kW AC architecture

AN EXAMPLE FOR MICROGRID IN NATIONAL RENEWABLEINDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT: CENER’S MICROGRID

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTRE

RENEWABLE ENERGIES GRID INTEGRATION

D

Microgrid Microgrid –– A building block A building block for smart gridsfor smart grids

Brussels, 27 January 2012

INDEXINDEX

00 Renewable Energies Grid Integration Department01 Background02 General Objectives03 Specific Objectives0 l04 Localization05 Description06 Operation Models06 Operation Models07 Simulation Models08 Control Strategies09 Some Future Activities

2

OBJECTIVE: Renewable energies grid integration

00 IRE DEPARTMENT

0.001A

B

1.0

TIME

A

B

A

B

Ia

IbVa

S

A

BI M

W

OBJECTIVE: Renewable energies grid integration analysis and definition of solutions to improve the RES penetration

C

TIME

Power

AB

PQ

CC Ic

P_red (MW

)

Q_red (M

VAr)

*-1 .0

Vb

Vc

Veficaz_red (kV)

Vrm

s

fph

Freq/PhaseM

easurement

NA

NC

NB

Frecuencia (Hz)

TL

N

C

Main...

1Vviento

Grid connection model

Wound rotor

induction machine

Integration

w_m

ec_gen (p.u

Tm _tu rb (p.u .)

P_ turb (p .u.)w _m ec_genC a lcu lo

ve locidadm ecan ica

Wpu Wm ec

VwESWind Source

V_vi

ento

(m/s

)

)

TmVw

W P

Wind Tu rb ine

C p

Vvien to

1

00.5

machine

Wi d

2 main areas: Storage Energy Grid Integration: Distributed Generation + Integration + High Voltage

Integration- Analysis of the response of the electromagnetic transients

phenomena (overvoltages) - HVDC Configurations- Measurements of electrical variables and data acquisition

services.- Development of virtual test platforms

High Voltage- Lightning protection

- Installations risk analysis for lightning discharges- Lightning protection systems design

Lightning prevention systems design: 2D and 3D

u.)

C pm N 50850 .txt

C pmWind turbine modelWind

model

p p- Potential of wind power generation penetration in electric

power systems: Power flow analysis and Dynamic response of the electrical system

- Lightning prevention systems design: 2D and 3D electric field simulation

- Grounding systems design- Complex soils- Frequency behavior

Distributed GenerationEnergy Storage- Characterization, models development and testing

- Smart grids- Design and optimization - Implementation- Control development (management strategies)- Simulation models development (hardware in the loop)- Storage systems integration

, p gstorage systems

- Technical-economic feasibility studies of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) integration with RES

- Experimental studies of renewable power plants (wind) with energy storage systems

- Virtual Storage or Load Management

3

01 BACKGROUND

• Navarra Goverment wanted developing the energy business sector of Distributed Generation (DG) in Navarra generating own technology and ( ) g g gyknowledge

• To achieve this aim the Department of Innovation, Enterprise and Employment of Navarra Government and European Union through FEDER funds financed the project “Microgrids in Navarra: design, development and implementation”

4

02 GENERAL OBJECTIVIES

The main goal of this project is the design of microgrids with control strategies to allow its different elements optimization adding new functionalities, assuring load supply in isolate mode, attenuating functionalities, assuring load supply in isolate mode, attenuating disturbances in connected mode and collaborating with the grid to stability maintenance

5

02 GENERAL OBJECTIVIES

Design and develop a microgrid to make it scalable and movable to other cases Define the requirements to carry out Define the requirements to carry out

• Assure electrical supply to its loads• Minimizing disturbances to the upstream grid• Support the upstream grid to maintain the stability• …

Dimension and define equipment specifications Dimension and define equipment specifications Design the auxiliary installations Develop control methodology Develop communication protocols

Research microgrid effects in the grid

6

03 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVIES

Manage the generated power at each moment to assure load supply

A hi th t th l d d it f bl Achieve that the load power consumed it comes from renewable sources. This way it promotes the energetic independency of our installations

Protect installations from grid or microgrid faults

Send the energy excess to the grid, getting that the microgrid will be an active part of the distribution net

7

04 LOCALIZATION

SangüesaSangüesa

SPAINSPAIN

8

05 DESCRIPTION: PRESENT

Microgrid aimed at industrial application

AC hit t ith f 75 kW AC architecture with a power of 75 kW aprox

Supplying part of Wind Turbine Test Laboratory –pp y g p yLEA- electric loads and Rocaforte industrial area lightning

It also will be used as a test bench to new equipment, generation systems, energy storage, control strategies and protection schemescontrol strategies and protection schemes

It could operate as connected as isolate modes

9

05 DESCRIPTION: EQUIPMENTS

10


GENERATION

G- Photovoltaic Installation 25 kWp

G- Diesel Generator 55 kVA

G- Wind turbine 20 kW full-converter

11


STORAGE SYSTEMS

S- Acid Pb Bateries, 50 kW x 2 hours

12


STORAGE SYSTEMS

S- Redox Battery 50 kW x 4 hours

13


LOADCONTROL AND MANAGMENT SYSTEM

L- Three-phase load 120 kVA

14


MICROGRID SCHEME:

Common low voltage busbar for all equipments

d f d h h bl d d Loads feeding through public grid or microgridbusbar

Flexible Working

Switch on/off control of each equipment

P/Q references per phase control to supply or b b b absorb by storage systems

P/Q references per phase control to supply by diesel generator

Operation modes selector and managment

Pmax restrictions control for renewable generation systems

Operation modes selector and managment control versions

15

05 DESCRIPTION: CONTROL SYSTEM

MAIN CONTROL PANEL:

Design and implementation made by CENER

System based on Siemens PLC S//300- Installation robustness- Widely test and use in industrial environment- Software development made by CENERp y

Energy Managment ApplicationEquipment Control Application

Equipment Control Application

16

05 DESCRIPTION: SCADA SYSTEM

SCADA SYSTEM:

Design and implementation made by Design and implementation made by CENER

Developed using Siemens Simatic WinCCtooltool

Access through Internet

Possibility to control the whole installation Possibility to control the whole installation in real time

Possibility to display the function parameters in real timeparameters in real time

Data Storing in the server

17


Flow battery Screen

PV installation screen

18


Data Display (Figures and Data Sheets)p y ( g )

Events Display (alarms, transients stopps )transients, stopps,…)

19

05 DESCRIPTION: PROTECTION SYSTEM

PROTECTION AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

Protection system for connected and isolated mode

Integrated measurement system makes it possible to an optimal energy control

Internal measurement calibration to assure the right Protection data reading

operation and quality standards

UTILITY PROTECTION SYSTEM

Individual protection for equipments

Relay communication assisted by Iberdrola in case of lack or defect in medium voltage net of which our installation is connected (Immediate tripping the header switch)header switch)

Relay of minimum/maximun voltage detection (Immediate tripping the header switch)

Relay of min/max voltage

Relay communication

assited

20

05 DESCRIPTION: COMMUNICATIONS

- Modbus RTU- Ethernet- Optical Fiber

Communication cabinet and Server Optical Fiber

Data storage in CENER server

cabinet and Server

Integrated into teh CENER network

Access from any point as CENER as Access from any point as CENER as external one

Optical Fiber toOptical Fiber to Ethernet conversor

MODBUS Modules

21

05 DESCRIPTION: FUTURE

Generation: Gas MicroTurbine 30 kW with thermal use (heat and cool)

Storage Systems:o Supercapacitors 30 kW, 45 so Supercapacitors 10 kW, 4 so Electric Vehicle

22

06 OPERATION MODES

GRID CONNECTEDThe objective is to manage the generation and demand to achieve

high ratios of self-sufficiency energy

Distribution GridGeneration Users

high ratios of self-sufficiency energy

Energy costsControl System

Resources prediction

EnergyControl signals

Systemprediction

Electricity Storage

23

06 OPERATION MODES

ISOLATEDThe main objective is supply the community demand

Generation Users

Energy

Electricity StorageElectricity Storage

24

13

t

Clock

07 SIMULATION MODELS

Vc_redconectado50

Vb_redconectado49

Va_red_conectado48

Qa_red_conectado45

Pb_red_conectado43

Pa_red_conectado42

Pa_Pb

Qfotov16

Pfotov15

Qaero14

Paero13

cálculopotencias 2

v

i

Pfotov

Qfotov

cálculopotencias

v

i

Paero

Qaero

Paneles fotovoltaicos

Vabc P_Q_Fase_A

VabcIabc

A

B

C

abc

VabcIabc

A

B

C

abc

[P_fotov ]

[Vabc]

[Paero ]

Plimite _fotov

[Vabc]

Plimite _aero

Kaero

Kfotov Pot _Fotov 30 min

Perfil _viento

[Vabc]

PQ_A Pa_redQa_red

Contactor fotovoltaica

comABC

a

b

c

Contactor Aerogenerador

com

ABC

a

b

c

0

0

Clock

Aerogenerador

Acometida photovoltaica

ABC

ABC

Acometida aerogenerador

ABC

ABC

Objectives:

Management system validation

Development of different energy management Qc_red_conectado

47

Qb_red_conectado46

Pc_red_conectado44

SOC_Pb

35

Qc_Pb22

Qb_Pb21

Qa_Pb20

Pc_Pb19

Pb_Pb18

17

Qa_cargas_LEA

Pa_cargas_LEA

1

Trafo

A

B

C

a

b

cSDS

com

A

B

C

a

b

cRed Electrica

N

A

B

C Modulo de baterias PbVbat_elevador

P_carga_faseAQ_carga_faseAP_carga_faseBQ_carga_faseBP_carga_faseCQ_carga_faseC

Vabc

Pmed_faseAPmed_faseBPmed_faseC

SOC_bat_Pb

Vdc_bat_Pb

Fase A

Fase B

Fase C

Medidor P _Q Monofasico 2

Iabc

Freq _fases _abc

P_Q_Fase_B

P_Q_Fase_C

Medidor P _Q Monofasico

Vabc

Iabc

Freq_fases _abc

Pa_Pb

Qa_PbPb_PbQb_PbPc_PbQc_Pb

VabcIabc

A

B

C

abc

VabcIabc

A

B

C

abc

Medición Lado Alta

VabcIabc

A

B

C

abc

[VDC_bat _Pb]

[SOC _bat _Pb]

[Pmed _Pb_faseC ]

[Pmed _Pb_faseB ]

[Pmed _Pb_faseA ]

[Vabc]

Pbat _Pb_C

aislado

Kgeneradores

[Pmed _Pb_faseC ][Pmed _Pb_faseB ][Pmed _Pb_faseA ]

Qbat _Pb_C

Qbat _Pb_B

Qbat _Pb_A

[Vbat _elevador ]

Kbat _Pb

Pbat _Pb_A

Pbat _Pb_B

Frecuencia de la redpor fases3

Fr

Frecuencia de la redpor fases

Fr

Filtrado 1

PQ_B

PQ_C

Pb_redQb_redPc_redQc_red

Contactor fotovoltaica

Contactor baterias Pb

com

ABC

a

b

c

C

com

A

B

C

a

b

c

Acometida photovoltaica

Acometida batería Pb

ABC

ABC

Development of different energy management strategies

System response due to different events

Vc_red_aislado39

Vb_red_aislado38

Va_red_aislado37

SOC_flujo

36

Qc_flujo28

Qb_flujo27

Qa_flujo26

Pc_flujo25

Pb_flujo24

Pa_flujo23

Qa_cargas_Pol

10Pb P l

Pa_cargas_Pol

7

Qc_cargas_LEA

6

Qb_cargas_LEA

5

_ g _

4

Pc_cargas_LEA

3

Pb_cargas_LEA

2

Sistema _ Cargas _LEA

Modulo de baterias Flujo


Vabc

Iabc

Freq_fases _abc

P_Q_Fase_A

P_Q_Fase_B

P_Q_Fase_C


Vabc

Iabc

Freq_fases _abc

Pa_flujoQa_flujoPb_flujoQb_flujoPc_flujoQc_flujo

Vabc

Iabc

A

B

C

a

b

c

VabcIabc

A

Ba

[Pmed _flujo _faseC]

[Pmed _flujo _faseB ]

[Pmed _flujo _faseA]

[Vabc]

Kcargas_LEA

Pbat _flujo _C

Pbat _flujo _A

[Vabc]

Pbat _flujo _B

Kbat _flujo

_cargas_LEA _30m

_cargas_LEA _30m

_cargas_LEA _30m

_cargas_LEA _30 m

_cargas_LEA _30m

_cargas_LEA _30m


Fr

Frecuencia de la redpor fases 1

Fr

PQ_APa_carga_Pol

Qa carga Pol

Filtrado 2

PQ_A

PQ_B

PQ_C

Pa_carga_LEA

Qa_carga_LEA

Pb_carga_LEA

Qb_carga_LEA

Pc_carga_LEA

Qc_carga_LEA

com

A

a

Contactor Cargas LEA

com

A

B

C

a

b

c

0

0

0

AA

Acometida Cargas LEA

A

B

C

A

B

C

QGdiesel41

PGdiesel40

Pa_cargas_Prog

29

Qc_cargas_Pol

12

Qb_cargas_Pol

11Pc_cargas_Pol

9

Pb_cargas_Pol

8

cálculopotencias 1

v

i

Paero

Qaero

Sistema _ Cargas_Alumbrado _Poligono


Vabc

Iabc

Freq_fases _abc

P_Q_Fase_A

P_Q_Fase_B

P_Q_Fase_C

Vabc

Iabc

A

B

C

a

b

c

Cbc

Vabc A

[PGdiesel ]

Kcargas _Pol

P_Gdiesel _ref

[Vabc]

[Pmed _flujo _faseA][Pmed _flujo _faseA][Pmed _flujo _faseA]

_cargas_Pol _30m

_cargas_Pol _30m

c_cargas_Pol _30m

b_cargas_Pol _30m

a_cargas_Pol _30m

c_cargas_Pol _30mi


Fr

Filtrado 3

PQ_B

PQ_C

Qa_carga_Pol

Pb_carga_Pol

Qb_carga_Pol

Pc_carga_Pol

Qc_carga_Pol

Dnerador Diesel

Contactor bateria Flujo

B

C

b

c

Contactor Cargas Poligono

com

A

B

C

a

b

c

Acometida batería Flujo

B

C

B

C

Acometida Cargas Poligono

A

B

C

A

B

C

Qc_cargas_Prog

34

Pc_cargas_Prog

33

Qb _cargas_Prog

32

Pb_cargas_Prog

31

Qa _cargas_Prog

30

Sistema _ Cargas _Programables


Vabc

Iabc

Freq_fases _abc

P_Q_Fase_A

P_Q_Fase_B

P_Q_Fase_C

Vabc

Iabc

A

B

C

a

b

c

IabcA

B

C

a

bc

KGdiesel

[Vabc]

Q_Gdiesel _ref

[Vabc]

Kcargas _prog

Frecuencia de la redpor fases 6

Fr

Filtrado 4

PQ_A

PQ_B

PQ_C

Pa_carga_Prog

Qa_carga_Prog

Pb_carga_Prog

Qb_carga_Prog

Pc_carga_Prog

Qc_carga_Prog

Cuadro Cargas Programables

Contactor Generador Diesel

com

A

B

C

a

b

c

Contactor Cargas Programables

com

A

B

C

a

b

c

Acometida Generador Diesel

A

B

C

A

B

C

Acometida Cargas Programables

A

B

C

A

B

C

25

07 SIMULATION MODELS

Load active power consumption profile

Developed model with Matlab/Simulink for LEA loads

(Phase A)

dq2a4

((u[2]*u[3] )/( u[4]*u[1]))*u[5]

cosatan

sqrt

[fi 1]

[Ia ]Kcargas_LEA

Kgeneradores

[Vrms_A][fi 1]

2*pi *50

2

Qa_carga _LEA2

Pa _carga_LEA1

sinMultiplicar 2t

g

1[Ib ]

[Ia ]

s+

s

-+

Fase C3

Fase B2

Fase A

[Ic]s

-+

-+

Carga Infinita

Con

n1

Con

n2

Co n

n3

26

08 CONTROL STRATEGIES

Basic Strategy: Check the right behavior of the microgrid without optimization

Connected ModeAvoid consumptions of the public distribution grid providing the energy deficit through the - Avoid consumptions of the public distribution grid, providing the energy deficit through the storage systems

- Storage renewable energy excess whenever it will be possible

Isolated ModeIsolated Mode- Manage the energy generated from renewable sources and the load demanded energy- Have the maximum of energy in the storage systems- Avoid the use of the diesel generator

27

08 CONTROL STRATEGIES

R f P Pb P Ab b d L d R f PPb P Ab b dReference Power Pb Power Absorbed Load Reference PowerPb Power Absorbed

SOC

Pb Batteries absorbed power (connected)Pgener-Pabsorb=Pref_battery

Batteries supplying lightning. Management system loading batteries in the case of not renewable sources

No load

PV

28

08 CONTROL STRATEGIES: AUTOMATIC TRANSITIONS

Connected Mode TO Isolated Mode

The system in charged to generate the net makes the transition in an automatic way through:

• Tripping the header switch through the relay

10 kV voltage drop in MV Iberdrola net

Tripping the header switch through the relay communication assisted by Iberdrola

• Tripping the header switch through the relay of minimum/maximun voltage detection

• Faults Absence detection by the system

Isolated Mode TO Connected Mode

The system in charged to generate the net makes the transition in an automatic way through:

• The control system evaluates the lack of errors yand the state of the installation, resetting it if the results are positive

29

09 SOME FUTURE ACTIVITIES

Models parameterization and validation from test in stable state

Models adjustment at transient state

Prediction of the system response due some events

Develop control strategies considering:• Economical criteria• Thermal usesThermal uses• …

Analysis interaction between electric vehicle and mcirogrids

Minimizing micro faults during transitions Minimizing micro-faults during transitions

Minimizing communications time

Develop microgrid web

30

CENER MANY [email protected]

CENER MANY THANKS@

WWW.CENER.COMT 34 948 252 800

RENEWABLE ENERGIES GRID INTEGRATION DEPARTMENT

Mónica Aguado Alonso, PhD.Email: [email protected] @

T: + 34 948 252 800

Documents

Microgrid Microgrid –– A building block A building blockcener.com/documentacion/3-Monica-Aguado.pdf · Microgrid aimed at industrial application AC hit t ith f 75 kW AC architecture