Bartonella, Moraxella, Kingella

Table of contents
Bartonella bacilliformis
Bartonella quintana
Bartonella henselae

Moraxella catarrhalis
Moraxella lacunta

Kingella

Bartonella bacilliformisMorphology

Pleomorphic

Gram negative

Motile

Strict aerobe

Optimum temperature: 25-28oC

Pathogenesis

Bartonella bacilliformis causes Oroya fever.

Transmission: by Sand flies.

Incubation period: 3weeks to 3months

Symptoms of Oraya fever

severe headache

chills followed

severe anaemia due to destruction of erythrocytes by organism.

Several weeks after recovery patient may developed nodular lesions of exposed part of body.These nodules may become secondarily infected producing ulcers. This condition is known as Verruga Peruana.

Oraya fever and Verruga Peruana are also called Carrion`s disease.

Oraya fever Nodules

&
Verruga Peruana

Laboratory diagnosis of ORAYA FEVER

Organisms can be demonstrated in blood smears stained by Giemsa stain. They are seen in cytoplasm as well as adhering to cell surfaces.ORIt can be grown on nutrient agar containing rabbit serum and hemoglobin.

DRUG TREATMENT OF ORAYA FEVERIt is susceptible to:1. Penicillin2. Streptomycin3. Tetracylcine4. ChloramphenicolPROPHYLAXIS OF ORAYA FEVERFor prevention insecticides such as DDT should be used to eliminate sandfly.

Bartonella Quintana(Quintana meaning fifth)

MorphologyAerobic

Fastidious

Gram-negative

rod-shaped

TRENCH FEVER

Bartonella Quintana causes TRENCH FEVER.TRENCH FEVER broke out as an epidemic during the first World Ward amongst soldiers fighting in the trenches of Europe.

Trench fever is only a human disease.It is transmitted by body louse.

The lice after acquiring infection remains infective throughout their lives.Vertical transmission does not occur in lice.

Clinical Symptoms of TRENCH FEVER

Laboratory diagnosis of TRENCH FEVERIt can be isolated by allowing healthy lice to feed on the patient and the organisms may be detected in the gut of the lice.

It can also be isolated from patient`s blood, by culture on rabbit or sheep blood agar.

Weil-Felix reaction in Trench fever is negative.PCR has also been used for detection of B. quintana in the tissues.

Bartonella Henselae

It was formerly known as Rochalima

MorphologySmallGram negative bacillus

Cat-Scratch Disease

The disease occurs by contact, bite, scratch of an infected cat and is named Cat-Scratch disease.The disease is caused by Bartonella Henselae.

It is a severe condition of regional lymphadenopathy and fever.

Bartonella Henselae may also cause endocarditis.

In AIDS patient, it may lead to bacillary angiomatosis, a condition resembling Kaposi`s sarcoma.

Laboratory diagnosis of Bartonella Henselae

1. Lymph node stained with the Warthin-Silver impregnation stain show clusters of bacilli.





2. It can be grown by culture of clinical specimen on chocolate agar or columbia agar with 5% sheep blood.

Treatment
Cat scratch disease is self-limiting and requires no treatment.

Moraxella Lacunata

Morphology

Gram negative

Ovoid

Non-motile bacillus

Culture
They require blood or serum for growth.
They are strict anaerobes.
On Loeffler`s serum slope, the colonies form pit or lacunae (hence the name lacunata)

Biochemical
It does not ferment sugars.
It is oxidase and catalase positive.

Pathogenesis
They are parasitic and their habitat includes mucosa of upper respiratory tract, genital tract and conjunctiva.
Moraxella lacunata causes catarrhal conjunctivitis.
Some species give rise to septic arthritis, meningitis and endocarditis.

Treatment
Zinc salts
Penicillin

Kingella
Gram negative bacilli
non-motile
may demonstrate a twitching motility
oxidase positive
catalase positive
ferments glucose and other sugars
part of normal oral and genital flora in human
associated with endocarditis, bacteraemia and infections of bone and joints

7/16/15