MICRO First Script

8/3/2019 MICRO First Script

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IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

Hi mates, Zezo + Yanal + A3raj talking ,

We are going to study microbiology and we will know the reason

of studying it and why it will be beneficial to dental students, and

why we need to study microbes, we will study the first organisms

on earth and how these micro organisms appear on the earth for

the first time, and we will study diseases knowledge and micro

organisms that micro biology concerned of.

I know that you had taking some of it in school but its one

important material and you will take it even wider

Microbiology ???? 0 . 0

Micro .. biology , it is the biology of tiny creators , tiny organisms

that include fungi, bacteria, protozoa, Cyanc bacteria and

Archaeac

So, biology is the study of living organisms and micro is the study

of tiny living organisms that no one can see them by his naked

eyes ( john cena :P ) , he needs microscopes to see these

organisms .. bla bla bla .. bl mo5tasar micro organisms can be

found everywhere ( s77a Dr )

So we will get more knowledge about these different types of

these micro organisms

Divisions of micro organisms, there is a cellular pathologically

infection agents and there is bacteria which is cellular, and one

important thing in cellular we have prokaryotic ( bacteria )

eukaryotic ( our cells , plant cells and animal cells ) .. ( s77aaaaa )

Viruses, we just have to know that they are a cellular organisms.

Germs : micro organisms that carries diseases, they are carrying

them all the time , germs and viruses are infection agents they

going to harm us, these organisms that cause us harm and


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disease we can call them pathogenic agent or pathogenic micro

organisms, and the one that doesnt cause diseases we can call

them non pathogenic.

Pathogenic organisms ( agents ) they have special weapons andcharacteristics that going to cause us diseases, and non

pathogenic organisms will not cause us any diseases, we can eat,

drink, and sniff them without getting infected with any kind of

disease, while others may give us severe infections depending on

the disease factor that they carry

Why we study micro organisms ??


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3- Taking a place on our skin to prevent pathogenic micro

organisms from taking this place and get us infected.

4- Fight with pathogenic micro organisms on the nutrients not

allowing them to have any of it, so without the nutrients theywill die.

We should mention that sometimes these pathogenic

organisms are part of Normal flora and we can call them

opportunistic organism that wait for the opportunity to get

us infection, but the other parts of Norma flora are stronger

than these organisms so they prevent them from getting us

infections, and one thing to be mentioned, never ever use

bacterial killer soap because you will kill all the Norma flora

part, giving the opportunity for these organisms to attack

our body, just use the normal soap ( ,

) LOOL :D

Micro organisms are very important creators of this planet.

So why they are important to us ?? why we need micro

organisms ??

1- They live around us

2- We can get anti-biotic and treatment from them

3- Helping us by coexisting with us in different ways

4- Some of them produce many things such as penicillin that

was discovered by Alexandar Fliming in 1928, and

penicillin was discovered by coincidence where he plantbacteria on a plate and provide food and reasons to live

and left it for 24 hour, and he came back and notice that

there is something above the plate, it was like a cotton, he

took them, studied and identified them, and he found that

it was not bacteria, it was fungi that produce chemical


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materials that inhabit the growing of bacteria, and he

called the fungi Penicillium, and what it produce is

Penicillin, since that time they use it as a fighter for

bacterial infectors specially with Tai brown positive

bacteria, this is one of the benefits of micro biology

5- 50% of anti-biotic in the pharmacy comes from

Strebtomioces and the others comes from fungi and the

other bacteria

Another thing to be mentioned that we should start finding

new organisms to give us anti-biotic because some

pathogenic organisms at this time they dont be affected by

their anti-biotic like Stafo cocus arius, this bacteria is veryimportant for dental student because it can cause infection

beneath teeth and even it can cause abscess in gum and it

can be killer, doctors used to treat it with Hepsilline, but

sometimes it doesnt work, so we need to find new micro

organisms in order to fight such kind of these bacteria that

want to be treated with the anti-biotic in the next few years

6- Some bacteria help us be decomposing died materials

and give us nutrients can be used

for planting things, and for growing things, so they provide

us with an important stuff and even there is the garbage

decomposing this is very important cause like in Brazil they

use bacteria special kinds of them and fungi in order to just

decompose the garbage and even make the natural gas

from it and a very big industry branch in Brazil is formed

cause of the garbage decomposing and they can through it

produce huge amounts of energy and reduce the garbageamount which can cause a big series

Microbiology has got many branches

There is the basic microbiology genetic microbiology which is

(ta5a9o9 eldactoora ) and (shahadetha beldoctora kanat fe hada


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elmajal) and there is basic microbiology medical microbiology

diagnostic microbiology basic oral microbiology ((for dental

students )) food microbiology and industrial microbiology and

many others different branches

They use multiuse bacteria in order to make different things like

the food microbiology that we use it in making different kind of

food like bacteria in yogurt and in making alcohol and in fertilizing

things these we can use some kind of microbiology in making and

preparing them

Even some bacteria and micro organisms live by eating t7aleb

and another use for micro organism is in genetic engineering

where they can use them to produce different kinds of treatmentlike insulin which is used for people who have Diabetic and they

use some bacteria that produce whatever you plant in it and they

let it produce the insulin and then separate it and put it in

packages and give it to Diabetic patients

Even we can use microorganisms in air cycles such as nitrogen

cycle where if you have a land and u used to plant it and then u

stopped and u didnt give it water then u should give the soil

some nitrogen by using urea which is full of n2 and here comes

the rule of the microorganisms in order to stabilizing the nitrogen

in the because that these microorganisms helps in recycling the

nitrogen and as we mentioned it helps in making it more stable

Bacteria also helps in digestion of food where we have a kind of

bacteria in the small intestine that produce vitamin k which is

important for the digestion of food ,and it also help in the

digestion by it self

The use of bacteria in the food industry has many ways such

as producing bread, yogurt, alcohol and some kind of cheese and

even we use another micro organism such as fungi in making

another kind of cheese that we eat


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Other micro organisms such as bacteria and fungi are sacrofibes

that can decompose dead materials into nutrient for the soil such

as sulfate and this help the soil to be much better

Some micro organisms can produce nitrogen and give it to thesoil by taking it as a different formula from the formula that the

soil needs , and there is some kind of bacteria that we can find it

legumes and these bacteria provides the nitrogen for these plants

and live in coexistence with these plants where these plant

provide food for these bacteria and these bacteria provides

nitrogen for it, and you can see then if you pull one of these

plants from the soil as a bubbles thats found in the end of each

root

Bacteria and some other micro organisms produce anti-biotic to

fight other types of bacteria and this is very important for us

because we can use these anti-biotic to fight these bacteria if

they harm us, we can imagine anti-biotic like anti bodies, where

anti bodies attack and try to kill the cause of diseases and they

act as soldiers, thats if they can, but if they cant we are going to

use these anti bodies that has killed that bacteria before in killing

the bacteria that cause us the disease

Microbes and another micro organisms can be used in the genetic

engineering where we can manipulate the genes that these

bacteria carries getting these genes out replace with another

genes and make the bacteria produce whatever we want and the

best type of bacteria for this is Escherichia coli , many discovers

things was reached because of this manipulating even sometimes

scientist put genes that in our body and considering the type of

genes that we mentioned , scientists study it a lot and they knoweach gene in it and what dose each gene produce such as

proteins and other things , so thats why this kind of bacteria is

very important for us in genetic engineering


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Microbes are model cells that they help us to discover our cells

and how they work because if we took a sample of cells and we

put it under microscope we are just going to see nucleus,

cytoplasm, and even some times some structure of the cells , but

we will not be able to see the work that is being done inside ourcells , because there is a lot of work , such as what goes in the

nucleus and outside of it , and what goes inside the cytoplasm

and outside of it , and the process of transferring things between

cells, but all of that we managed to know it by studying bacteria,

because it helps us to know our body much more by manipulating

it to our benefit , because they are easier to be studied

Microbes and bacteria the pathogenic ones , they can cause

diseases in two different ways , the first way is by the bacteria by

itself, where it can pass the infection from one person to another ,

because it has some weapons that it uses it in carrying disease or

infection people. The second way is by releasing toxic materials

thats are capable of destroying our cells by itself, and this

bacteria can be in our bodies or in our skin or in the air

Categories of diseases are two infection disease and microbial

toxication

For the infection diseases it happens by pathogenic colonizing,

where the bacteria goes inside the body or outside and start to

multiply, and they have different ways that helps them to stuck in

our bodies, such as if they have special kinds of hands or methods

thats make them stuck inside and outside the body and cant be

removed by any fluid not even the blood or anything, and then

they will keep in multiplying and make colonies, and once they do

that, if a one cell of bacteria has a weapon that cause disease,this weapon will increase in number raising with it the

opportunities in causing the disease and it will go and infect other

people


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The microbial toxication is where bacteria produced toxic caused

disease, and this disease infect many other people, the best

example for that is the wedding parties everywhere, but for

Jordanian people we like to eat MANSAF ( abay sho kabse m3ay 3

mansaf .. 1 am ) , (( 3omre ma shftha bs el Dr 7akatha )) , Mansafis being cocked in summer 6 hours before the wedding and its

being put in the sunshine, some of the cockers may have Stafu

urias and this goes inside mansaf and make a colony there and

start producing toxic in the food, and when people eat this food

they will have a food poisoning because ( mlabas 3 looz ) of this

bacteria, and they will suffer from vomiting and other features of

food poisoning

First micro organisms was found before five billion years, even

before human, and they are the reason of life on this planet, we

discover this by studying micro organisms carbons fossils, but

certainly they are not accurate, but we say that they are here

since 3.5 billion years, and the eldest ones are Cyanc bacteria,

Arohaeac, and for sure diseases was there since the human and

animal were found on earth, but certainly these diseases were not

known back there, but know we know them because we have

advance technology and we considered ourselves the best and

the most advanced civilization, and maybe there is some other

bacteria we dont know about it, and we cant treat them now and

know what is going to happen if we infected by them

Scientist studied micro organisms by studying the dead bodies of

( el fra3na ) , and they discovered by doing X-rays and many

other researches that they have ( ) and they died

because of it, and we should know that these disease comes frommicro organisms

Now we are going to talk about the people that we own them

( hye l7alha ) the preferred of studying micro organisms. The first

one of them and he was the father of microscopes and the father

of microbiology was Anton Von Leuwenhookin 1673, he was


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not a scientist by its meaning, he didnt have a PhD in science but

he was a thinker and an observative man, he used to play with

lenses and he made the basic microscopes and the first ones, he

used to draw whatever he observed, and he managed to discover

protozoa and the first bacteria

Louis Pasteur he was a French science in 1828, he was a

chemist that works in fermentation to get the best kind of alcohol

specially the wine by using bacteria because he was in the wine

country France, fermentation can give us many things depending

on the type of the microorganisms that has been used then he

and others discovered acetone and propanol and steroids from

fermentation, then he discovered the process of pasteurizing,

here we are going to compare the difference between fresh milk

and pasteurized milk, fresh milk when its boiled it loose a lot of

proteins, but pasteurized milk kills the pathogenic organisms, so

he was the one who discovered pasteurization, he also discovered

Vaccine ( ) for Rabies ( ) and Anthrax (

), and that was for the first time, he also discovered that

there is bacteria lives in O2 and one thats called Anaerobic that

can live in the presence of oxygen, and some that can live in both

environments.

Robert Koch in 1843-1910, German physician, he put the

method that says each disease has its own causes, he also

discovered that some bacteria have spores and other doesnt

have, in most condition the one that doesnt have it are harmless,

but the others that have it are very harm full, because these

spores are protein coats that let the bacteria survive more,

because bacteria covers with these coats when the conditionaround it are not good like coldness and drought, and that let it

stand for over 10 years, when it feels that the conditions around it

is good it hatches this coat and goes into vegetative cells, normal

bacteria cell, spores dont multiply but when they transform into

vegetative cells they can multiply


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He also discovered the Anthrax causes and thats been caused by

Bacillus Anthracis and in the new technology has developed it to

become a biologic weapon that people if they sniff it or digested

it, it will directly produce killer toxins that kill us right away

He also discovered the way to verification of bacteria by Kochs

Postulates, and thats by Cultivation of bacteria ( sa77a daktora )

His method was like this :

First, he took a sample from spleen or blood or pus.

Second, isolating bacteria from this sample.Third, growing this bacteria and cultivation then make sure that

he has formed a pure culture that contains only one kind of

bacteria.

Forth, he plants this bacteria in another individual.

Fifth, he makes sure that this individual had also been infected

with this disease from the bacteria by having the same

symptoms.

Sixth, he took another sample and compared it under microscope

with the first bacteria, and he found that some diseases have the

same pathogenic cause, but others have more than one cause

And he had a big role in microbiology

In microbiology there is careers of diseases and the reason of

getting infection is because of our immunity is weak or because of

the micro organism is so strong that beats our immunity ( 5

dgaayeg w el dktoora bt7ke neha nfsha tkon 3alme .. d3oolha :P ,

w kul wa7d feko 7or w y5tar elle bdo yah )

Microbiology consists ofmany branches:


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1- Protozoa microbiology

2- Virus microbiology

3- Bacteria microbiology

4- Microscopic microbiology

5- Infection microbiology

The last important thing is developing of Vaccines because there

is new diseases that comes and all diseases that vanish but they

are coming back, so we must develop new ways in microbiology

to treat these diseases. ( etl3ooobrrrraaaaaaaaaaaa ) :PPPPP ::DDDDDDDDD


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ZEZO NO LUCK(al7oot ) (abuadam ) (A7MAD FAWZI ) ::::: ba7eb

ahde tafrege la akatr ensan ba7eboh beldof3ah w agla ensan w

a7san ensan w b7eb a7kelo enoh lawla wjoodak b 7ayate kan ma

enkatab hada eltafreeg wala kan 3melet eshe w (AKEED MA7A7KELKOM MEEN ) :p hadoool kolhom elak


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but its really was hard because of the recorder

anyway thanks a lot for every one work for us .. and we always

have to be one hand to be the best and give the best :D

Again and again THANKS ALL,Good luck, wish that we all will pass with a high marks this

semester

Finally, I apologize for anyone that I have made bad for him and I

really didnt mean to do that, and apologize for the (BEEEH)

lec. :P .. enjoy it to get it ^ _^

MOHAMMAD A3RAJ ::::::: BEDESH AKTOB ESHE :p :p

Documents

MICRO First Script