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Types of Measurements• Length-measure of distance
– Measured with a meter stick or ruler
• Volume-measure of how much space an object takes up– Measured with a graduated
cylinder, by water displacement, or by equation
• cube volume=length X width X height (LXWXH)
• Mass-technically a measure of matter, but here on Earth it is the same thing as weight– Measured with a triple-beam-
balance
Metric System• The metric system is based
on a base unit for each measurement
• Length = meter• Volume = liter• Mass(Weight) = gram• Temperature = Celsius• Time = seconds
• Prefixes plus base units make up the metric system – Example:
• Centi + meter = Centimeter
Metric System• The three prefixes that we will use
the most are:– kilo– centi– milli
kilo hecto deka
Base Units
metergramliter
deci centi milli
Metric System• These prefixes are based on
powers of 10. • From each “step” is either:
• 10 times larger or
• 10 times smaller
kilo hecto deca
Base Units
metergramliter
deci centi milli
Why 10 times larger?
– Units that are 10 times larger or smaller are easier to convert.
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 mm
1 cm
40
41
41
40
Metric System• For each “step” to right,
you are multiplying by 10
1 liter = 10 deciliters = 100 centiliters
2 grams = 20 decigrams = 200 centigrams
kilo hecto deca
meterliter
gram
deci centi milli
( 1 x 10 = 10) = (10 x 10 = 100)
(2 x 10 = 20) = (20 x 10 = 200)
Metric System• An easy way to move within the metric
system is by moving the decimal point one place for each “step”
1 meter = 10 decimeters = 100 centimetersor
1.00 meter = 10.0 decimeters = 100. centimeters
kilo hecto deca
meterliter
gram
deci centi milli
Metric System• Now let’s try from meters to
kilometers:1600 meters = 160 decameters
16 hectometers 1.6 kilometers
kilo hecto deca
meterliter
gram
deci centi milli
Metric System• If you move to the left in the diagram,
move the decimal to the left
• If you move to the right in the diagram, move the decimal to the right
kilo hecto deca
meterliter
gram
deci centi milli
Clicker Question
• How many milliliters are in a 2 liter bottle of soda?
A. 0.002B. 200C. 2000D. 20
kilo hecto deca
meterliter
gram
deci centi milli
Clicker Question
• How many kilometers do they run in a 1600 meter relay?
A. 160,000B. 160C. 16D. 1.6
kilo hecto deca
meterliter
gram
deci centi milli
Temperature• Celsius Scale is based on water
– The freezing point of water is 0OC– The boiling point of water is 100OC
Temperature Conversion
• The equations to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius are:
°F = (1.8 x °C) +32°C = (°F-32) x 0.555
Example
• If it is 80°F outside, what is the temperature in °C?
°C = (°F-32) x 0.555°C = (80-32) x 0.555
°C = (48) x 0.555°C = 26.6
Clicker Question
• If a substance is 80°C, what is the temperature in °F?
°F = (1.8 x °C) +32
°F = (1.8 X 80) + 32 °F = (144) + 32
°F = 176
A.114B.176C.4608D.112
Density• Density is calculated by dividing the
mass of an object by the volume.Density = Mass/Volume
• For example 1mL of water has a mass of 1g.
Density = Mass/VolumeDensity = 1g/1mLDensity = 1g/mL
• Objects with a density less than 1g/mL will float in water and objects with a density greater than 1g/mL will sink in water
Clicker Question
• What is the density of a box with a mass of 40 g and a volume of 50 mL
D = mass/volume D = 40g / 50 mL
D = 0.8 g/mL
A. 0.8 g/mLB. 12.5 g/mLC. 90 g/mLD. Impossible
to Calculate