LessonLesson 1 1

PhysicsPhysics

inin

generalgeneral

••

PhysicsPhysics

((GreekGreek::physicsphysics,,meaningmeaning

““naturenature””), natural ), natural sciencescience

thatthat

involvesinvolves

thethe

studystudy

ogog

mattermatter

andand

motionmotion

thoroughthorough

spacespace--time, as time, as wellwell

asas

applicableapplicable

conceptsconcepts

suchsuch asas

energy energy andand

force.force.

••

general analysis of naturegeneral analysis of nature••

synonymous with philosophy, chemistry, and certain synonymous with philosophy, chemistry, and certain branches of mathematics and bilolgybranches of mathematics and bilolgy

••

during the Scientific Revolution in the 16th century it during the Scientific Revolution in the 16th century it become a unique modern sciencebecome a unique modern science

Classical physicsClassical physics

••

Includes traditional branches and thopics recognized Includes traditional branches and thopics recognized before the beginning of the 20th centurybefore the beginning of the 20th century--mechanics, mechanics, sound, light, heat, electricity and magnetismsound, light, heat, electricity and magnetism

••

mechanics: statics, kinematics, dynamicsmechanics: statics, kinematics, dynamics••

acoustics acoustics --

a branch of mehanicsa branch of mehanics

••

opticsoptics--

the study of lightthe study of light••

heat heat --

a form of energya form of energy

Modern phyicsModern phyics

••

VocabularyVocabularyon the normal scale of observation on the normal scale of observation --

u normalnim razmjerimau normalnim razmjerima

ordinaryordinary--

uobuiuobuiččajen, redovanajen, redovansubatomic levelsubatomic level--

subatomska razinasubatomska razina

motionmotion--kretanjekretanjevalidvalid--vavažžeeććii

--modern physics deals with the behaviour of matter and energy undmodern physics deals with the behaviour of matter and energy under er extreme condition or on the very large or very small scaleextreme condition or on the very large or very small scale

--the physics of elementary particlesthe physics of elementary particles--the quantum theorythe quantum theory--the theory of relativitythe theory of relativity

EXERCISES:EXERCISES:

I Answer the questions:I Answer the questions:

••

How can we define physics?How can we define physics?••

What does classical physics deal with?What does classical physics deal with?

••

What are some branches of classical physics?What are some branches of classical physics?••

How does classical physics differ from modern physics?How does classical physics differ from modern physics?

••

What do you know about the quantum theory and What do you know about the quantum theory and theory of relativity?theory of relativity?

IIII..Give synonyms for the following words:Give synonyms for the following words:••

basicbasic--________________, important ________________, important --

__________________________, to be concerned with__________________________, to be concerned with-- ___________________, affect___________________, affect--

_______________________, to give rise to_______________________, to give rise to-- ______________________________

••

III. Make sentences of your own using the words from III. Make sentences of your own using the words from the exercise IIthe exercise II

••

IV. Translate the part of the text dealing withIV. Translate the part of the text dealing with

modern modern physicsphysics

LessonLesson 22

SCOPE AND AIMSSCOPE AND AIMS

VocabularyVocabulary::scopescope--djelokrugdjelokrugaimaim--cilj, namjera, svrhacilj, namjera, svrhaamberamber--jantarjantarthethe

validityvalidity

ofof--vrijednostvrijednost

supportedsupported

byby

danadana--oslanjajuoslanjajućći se na podatkei se na podatketo to generategenerate--

generiranjegeneriranje

PhysicsPhysics-- thethe ““fundamentalfundamental sciencescience””AncientAncient ChineseChinese observedobserved thatthat certaincertain rocksrocks werewere attractedattracted to one to one anotheranother bybysome some invisibleinvisible forceforceelectromagnetismelectromagnetism as as twotwo differentdifferent aspectsaspects ofof one one forceforcetheorytheory andand experimentexperiment--theoriststheorists andand experimentalistsexperimentalistsexperimentsexperiments andand observationobservation are to are to bebe collectedcollectedtheoriestheories supportedsupported byby data data ––scientificscientific lawslawstheorytheory andand experimentexperiment are are developeddeveloped separatelyseparately

FUN WITH PHYSICSFUN WITH PHYSICSWhat is the difference between a physicist, an engineer, and a What is the difference between a physicist, an engineer, and a mathematician? mathematician?

If an engineer walks into a room and sees a fire in the middle aIf an engineer walks into a room and sees a fire in the middle and a nd a bucket of water in the corner, he takes the bucket of water and bucket of water in the corner, he takes the bucket of water and pours it on the fire and puts it out. pours it on the fire and puts it out.

If a physicist walks into a room and sees a fire in the middle aIf a physicist walks into a room and sees a fire in the middle and a nd a bucket of water in the corner, he takes the bucket of water and bucket of water in the corner, he takes the bucket of water and pours it eloquently around the fire and lets the fire put itselfpours it eloquently around the fire and lets the fire put itself

out. out.

If a mathematician walks into a room and sees a fire in the middIf a mathematician walks into a room and sees a fire in the middle le and a bucket of water in the corner, he convinces himself there and a bucket of water in the corner, he convinces himself there is is a solution and leaves.a solution and leaves.

QuizQuizAs early as 3500 B.C., a As early as 3500 B.C., a gnomengnomen (a stick in the ground) was used to measure(a stick in the ground) was used to measure

TemperatureTemperatureTimeTimeWater levelsWater levelsWind velocityWind velocityGravityGravity

2.2. The distance an object travels in a given time frame (regardlessThe distance an object travels in a given time frame (regardless of direction) is referred to of direction) is referred to as its:as its:

VelocityVelocityInertiaInertiaKinetic energyKinetic energySpeedSpeedAccelerationAcceleration

3.3. What causes tides?What causes tides?The tilt of the earth on its axisThe tilt of the earth on its axis

Mostly the gravitational pull of the moonMostly the gravitational pull of the moonMostly the gravitational pull of the sun.Mostly the gravitational pull of the sun.

4.To hit a target on land, at what point would you drop a bomb f4.To hit a target on land, at what point would you drop a bomb from an airplane?rom an airplane?Before the targetBefore the targetDirectly over the targetDirectly over the targetAfter passing the targetAfter passing the target

5.If one cannonball is dropped from a given height and another i5.If one cannonball is dropped from a given height and another is fired horizontally s fired horizontally from the same height, which one will hit the ground first?from the same height, which one will hit the ground first?

The one that is droppedThe one that is droppedThe one that is firedThe one that is firedThey will both hit the ground at the same timeThey will both hit the ground at the same time

6.6. What is the sound barrier?What is the sound barrier?The speed that an object must travel to surpass the spThe speed that an object must travel to surpass the speed of soundeed of soundA unit for measuring the intensity of soundA unit for measuring the intensity of soundThe point at which a sound exceeds the human pain thresholdThe point at which a sound exceeds the human pain thresholdThe distance between two people that cannot hear one another talThe distance between two people that cannot hear one another talkingking

Answers: 1. Time, 2. Speed, 3. Mostly the gravitational pull of Answers: 1. Time, 2. Speed, 3. Mostly the gravitational pull of the moon, 4. Before the target, 5. the moon, 4. Before the target, 5. They will both hit the ground at the same time, 6. The speed thaThey will both hit the ground at the same time, 6. The speed that an object must travel to surpass t an object must travel to surpass the speed of sound, the speed of sound,

LessonLesson 33BRIEF HISTORY OF PHYSICSBRIEF HISTORY OF PHYSICS

VocabularyVocabulary::►►

calculuscalculus

––

raraččunun►►

contributioncontribution--

doprinosdoprinos►►

approachapproach

--

pristuppristup►►

to to proposepropose

––predlopredložžiti, ponuditiiti, ponuditi►►

celestialcelestial

motionmotion

––nebesko gibanjenebesko gibanje►►

terrestrialterrestrial

motionmotion

––

zemaljsko gibanjezemaljsko gibanje►►

to to namename

afterafter

––

imenovati poimenovati po►►

equalequal--

jednakjednak►►

to to propagatepropagate--rarašširitiiriti►►

to to convertconvert

energyenergy--

pretvoriti energijupretvoriti energiju►►

to to anticipateanticipate--

osujetiti,predvidjetiosujetiti,predvidjeti►►

to to prevailprevail--prevladati, pobijeditiprevladati, pobijediti

►►

corpusclecorpuscle--ččesticaestica►►

to to propagatepropagate--

mnomnožžiti se, iti se, šširiti seiriti se►►

frequencyfrequency--uuččestalosetestaloset, frekvencija, frekvencija►►

to to verifyverify--provjeriti,ovjeritiprovjeriti,ovjeriti►►

propertyproperty--svojstvo,vlasnisvojstvo,vlasnišštvotvo►►

to to foreshadowforeshadow--

nagovijestitinagovijestiti►►

to to reviverevive--

obnoviti, osvijestitiobnoviti, osvijestiti►►

influence on influence on thethe

developmentdevelopment

––utjecaj na razvojutjecaj na razvoj►►

proposedproposed

theorytheory--predlopredložžena teorijaena teorija►►

freefree

fallingfalling

bodiesbodies--slobodno padajuslobodno padajućća tijelaa tijela►►

closelyclosely

relatedrelated

theoriestheories--usko povezane teorijeusko povezane teorije►►

conversionconversion

ofof

thethe

energyenergy--pretvaranje energijepretvaranje energije

►►

ThalesThales►►

DemocritusDemocritus►►

PlatoPlato►►

AristotleAristotle►►

ArchimedesArchimedes►►

AristarchusAristarchus►►

PtolemyPtolemy►►

GalileoGalileo►►

CopernicusCopernicus►►

TychoTycho

BraheBrahe►►

ReneRene

DescartesDescartes►►

R.J.E.ClausiusR.J.E.Clausius

YoutubeYoutube: : BriefBrief

HitoryHitory

on on PhysicsPhysics

, , PartPart

1,2,31,2,3

TaskTask: : makemake

notes notes whilewhile

watchingwatching

thethe

filmsfilms

http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/watchwatch?v=y3tpN?v=y3tpN-- Q6PgkQ6Pgk

http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/watchwatch?v=a6yN3p4f?v=a6yN3p4f 2S0&2S0&featurefeature==relmfurelmfu

http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/watchwatch?v=G6mrGGtt?v=G6mrGGtt VRU&VRU&featurefeature==relmfurelmfu

►►

Greek contributionGreek contribution: Thales, Democritus (atomic theory of matter), Plato, : Thales, Democritus (atomic theory of matter), Plato, Aristotle ( critical influence on the development of science), AAristotle ( critical influence on the development of science), Archimedes ( rchimedes ( anticipated the methods of the calculus).anticipated the methods of the calculus).

►►

Questions:Questions:►►

1.What are the contributions to physics made in the period of Gr1.What are the contributions to physics made in the period of Greek eek civilisation?civilisation?

►►

2.Who are the two most important philosophers of the Greek perio2.Who are the two most important philosophers of the Greek period?d?►►

3.What did Archimedes study?3.What did Archimedes study?►►

4.What was Aristarchus famous for?4.What was Aristarchus famous for?

►►

The scientific revolution:The scientific revolution:Mechanics and the study of planetary motionsMechanics and the study of planetary motionsModern mechanics Modern mechanics ––Galileo and Simon Stevin, 16 th Galileo and Simon Stevin, 16 th --17th century17th centuryAstronomyAstronomy--

Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo GalileiNicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei

Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton--

Principia: 3 laws of motionPrincipia: 3 laws of motion►►

Questions:Questions:►►

1.What was the first area of physics to receive attention?1.What was the first area of physics to receive attention?►►

2.What was Nicolaus Copernicus famous for?2.What was Nicolaus Copernicus famous for?►►

3. What is Principia? What does it contain?3. What is Principia? What does it contain?►►

4.What are the other branches that received attention during thi4.What are the other branches that received attention during this period?s period?

►►

Development of mechanics and thermodynamicsDevelopment of mechanics and thermodynamicsBenjamin Thompson, 18 th centuryBenjamin Thompson, 18 th century––

relationship between heat and mechanical relationship between heat and mechanical

energyenergy►►

William Thomson and R.J.E.Clausius William Thomson and R.J.E.Clausius ––two laws of thermodynamicstwo laws of thermodynamics►►

Queswtions:Queswtions:►►

1. Who were the famous scientists important for the development 1. Who were the famous scientists important for the development of these two of these two branches?branches?

►►

Advances in electricity, magnetism, and thermodynamicsAdvances in electricity, magnetism, and thermodynamics►►

Alessandro Volta 18th, 19th centuryAlessandro Volta 18th, 19th century––

the electric batterythe electric battery►►

in 1831in 1831--Michael Faraday discoverd the reverse effectMichael Faraday discoverd the reverse effect►►

in 1886in 1886--Heinrich Hertz detected electric waves Heinrich Hertz detected electric waves ►►

Questions:Questions:►►

1.Name the most important scientists and their inventions!1.Name the most important scientists and their inventions!

EXERCISES:EXERCISES:

►►

II..

Translate the paragraph Translate the paragraph The science revolutionThe science revolution►►

III.I.

Explain in English the meaning of the words: Explain in English the meaning of the words: ►►

describable:________________________________________________describable:________________________________________________ ________________, court physician: ________________, court physician:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___, ___,

revive:____________________________________________________revive:____________________________________________________ ________________, ________________,

phenomenon:______________________________________________phenomenon:______________________________________________ _________________._________________.

LESSON 4LESSON 4

GALILEO GALILEIGALILEO GALILEI

Watch the film about Galileo Galilei and make notesWatch the film about Galileo Galilei and make notes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rejbk1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rejbk1oJ2xgoJ2xg

GalileoGalileo-- thethe ““fatherfather ofof modernmodern observationalobservational astronomyastronomy””, , ““thethe fatherfatherofof modernmodern physicsphysics””, , andand ““thethe fatherfather ofof modernmodern sciencescience””..Galileo dropped 2 objects from the Leaning Tower in Pisa to Galileo dropped 2 objects from the Leaning Tower in Pisa to disaprove Aristotle theory that heavier object fall to the groundisaprove Aristotle theory that heavier object fall to the ground d faseter than lighter objectsfaseter than lighter objects““The Law of Falling BodiesThe Law of Falling Bodies””

Instuctions: Instuctions:

1. Read the text on page 10 and answer the following questions:1. Read the text on page 10 and answer the following questions:

1.What was Galileo Galilei famous for?1.What was Galileo Galilei famous for?2. How was Galileo called?2. How was Galileo called?3. What did his achievements include?3. What did his achievements include?4. Explain the experiment done from the Leaning Tower of Pisa!4. Explain the experiment done from the Leaning Tower of Pisa!

2.Write an essay about Galileo; use 150 words2.Write an essay about Galileo; use 150 words

EXERCISESEXERCISES

I. Complete the following text with the words in the brackets:I. Complete the following text with the words in the brackets:

STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTERThe three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A The three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A solid solid maintains a _____ shape and a fixed size; even if a large force maintains a _____ shape and a fixed size; even if a large force is is _________ to a solid, it does not readily change in shape or _________ to a solid, it does not readily change in shape or _______._______.A liquid does not maintain a fixed shape, it takes on the shape A liquid does not maintain a fixed shape, it takes on the shape of its of its container, but like a solid, it is not readily_________, and itscontainer, but like a solid, it is not readily_________, and its volume volume can be changed significantly only by a very large______.can be changed significantly only by a very large______.

A gas has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume, it will expaA gas has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume, it will expand to nd to fill its container. For example, when air is pumped into an fill its container. For example, when air is pumped into an automobile tire, the air does not run to the ________ as a liquiautomobile tire, the air does not run to the ________ as a liquid d would; it _________ out to fill the whole volume of the tire.would; it _________ out to fill the whole volume of the tire.Since liquids and gases do not_________ a fixed shape, they bothSince liquids and gases do not_________ a fixed shape, they bothhave the ability to_______: they are thus often referred to have the ability to_______: they are thus often referred to collectively as fluids.collectively as fluids.The __________ of matter into three states is not always simple.The __________ of matter into three states is not always simple.How, for example, should butter be classified? Furthermore, a How, for example, should butter be classified? Furthermore, a fourth state of matter can be distinguished, the________ state, fourth state of matter can be distinguished, the________ state, which occurs only at very high temperatures and consists which occurs only at very high temperatures and consists of__________ atoms. Some scientists believe that the soof__________ atoms. Some scientists believe that the so--called called colloids should also be considered a separate state of matter. colloids should also be considered a separate state of matter. (ionised, fixed, maintain, plasma, compressible, flow, force, sp(ionised, fixed, maintain, plasma, compressible, flow, force, spread, read, applied, volume, division, bottom)applied, volume, division, bottom)

LESSON 5LESSON 5

ISAAC NEWTONISAAC NEWTON

TaskTask: : WatchWatch

thethe

film film andand

makemake

notes!notes!

••

http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/watchwatch?v=?v=wHgMwHgM GktPtqoGktPtqo&&featurefeature==relatedrelated

••

VocabularyVocabulary::plaqueplaque

––

kugakuga

to to bebe

knightedknighted

––

uuččiniti koga vitezominiti koga vitezomcelesetialcelesetial

bodybody

––

nebesko tijelonebesko tijelo

momentummomentum

––

trenutak siletrenutak sileprismprism

––

prizmaprizma

to to decomposedecompose

––

rastvoriti, rarastvoriti, raššččlanitilanitito to pollpoll

--glasanjeglasanje

to to deemdeem

––

smatrati smatrati conservationconservation

ofof

momentummomentum

andand

angularangular

momentummomentum

––

odrodržžavanje koliavanje količčine ine

gibanja i moment gibanja i moment kolikoliččnene

gbanjagbanja

••

sentsent

to to CambridgeCambridge

to to becomebecome

a a preacherpreacher••

his his calculuscalculus

providedprovided

a new a new mathematicalmathematical

frameworkframework

for for thethe

rapidrapid

solutionsolution

ofof

classesclasses

ofof

pysicpysic

problemsproblems••

PhilosophiaPhilosophia

NaturalisNaturalis

PrincipiaPrincipia

MathematicaMathematica

waswas

publishedpublished

inin

16871687

••

DescribedDescribed

universaluniversal

gravitationgravitation

andand

threethree

lawslaws

ofof

motionmotion••

InIn

mechanicsmechanics

he he formulatedformulated

thethe

principplesprincipples

ofof

conservtionconservtion

ofof

momentummomentum

andand

angularangular

momentummomentum••

InIn

opticsdopticsd

he he inventedinvented

thethe

reflectingreflecting

telescopetelescope

andand

developeddeveloped

a a theorytheory

ofof

colourcolour••

InIn

mathematicsmathematics

he he sharesshares

credticredti

withwith

GottfriedGottfried

LeibnitzLeibnitz

for for thethe

developmentdevelopment

ofof

thethe

differentialdifferential

andand

integral integral calculuscalculus••

He He waswas

deemeddeemed

muchmuch

more more influentialinfluential

thanthan

A.EinsteinA.Einstein

EXERCISESEXERCISES

••

I. Answer the questions!I. Answer the questions!••

Why did NewtonWhy did Newton’’s professor resign his position?s professor resign his position?

••

What makes What makes PhilosopiaPhilosopia

NaturalisNaturalis

Principia Principia MathematicaMathematica

one of the most one of the most influential scientific works?influential scientific works?

••

How was Newton inspired to formulate his theory of universal graHow was Newton inspired to formulate his theory of universal gravitation?vitation?

•• II. Translate the following text:II. Translate the following text:NewtonNewton’’s Laws of Motions Laws of Motion

•• Newton's first law of motion is often stated as:Newton's first law of motion is often stated as:•• An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the tends to stay in motion with the

same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbsame speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.alanced force.•• There are two parts to this statement There are two parts to this statement -- one which predicts the behaviour of stationary objects one which predicts the behaviour of stationary objects

and the other which predicts the behaviour of moving objects. and the other which predicts the behaviour of moving objects. •• The behaviour of all objects can be described by saying that objThe behaviour of all objects can be described by saying that objects tend to "keep on doing ects tend to "keep on doing

what they're doing". All objects resist changes in their state owhat they're doing". All objects resist changes in their state of motion f motion -- they tend to "keep on they tend to "keep on doing what they're doing."doing what they're doing."

•• Second Law of motion:Second Law of motion:•• Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greateAcceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object r the mass (of the object

being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to acbeing accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object)celerate the object)•• Everyone unconsciously knows the Second Law. Everyone knows thatEveryone unconsciously knows the Second Law. Everyone knows that heavier objects require heavier objects require

more force to move the same distance as lighter objects.more force to move the same distance as lighter objects.•• Third Law of motion: Third Law of motion: •• For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.•• This means that for every force there is a reaction force that iThis means that for every force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but opposite in s equal in size, but opposite in

direction. That is to say that whenever an object pushes anotherdirection. That is to say that whenever an object pushes another object it gets pushed back in object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard. the opposite direction equally hard.

••

LESSON 6LESSON 6

THE BIRTH OF MODERN THE BIRTH OF MODERN PHYSICSPHYSICS

VocabularyVocabulary::crackcrack –– prasak, pukotinaprasak, pukotinathethe nature nature ofof mater mater –– priroda materijepriroda materijevalidvalid –– vavažžeeććiiapproximationapproximation –– priblipribližžnosetnosetindispensableindispensable –– nunužžananantiparticleantiparticle –– antiantiččesticaesticalargelarge--scalescale conversationconversation –– pretvorba velikih razmjerapretvorba velikih razmjerasolidsolid-- state state physicsphysics –– fizika fizika ččvrstog stanjavrstog stanjaplasmaplasma physicsphysics –– fizika plazmefizika plazmecryogenicscryogenics –– kriogenikakriogenika (fizika niskih temperatura)(fizika niskih temperatura)quantumquantum theorytheory-- kvantna teorijakvantna teorijaphotoelectricphotoelectric effecteffect –– fotoelektrifotoelektriččni efekt ( pojava pri kojoj iz metala oznani efekt ( pojava pri kojoj iz metala označčenog enog elektromagnetskim zraelektromagnetskim zraččenjem izlaze elektroni)enjem izlaze elektroni)

EXERCISESEXERCISES

I. Give the opposite of:I. Give the opposite of:modern modern -- __________________, dense__________________, dense--________________, incomplete ________________, incomplete --____________________________________solid solid -- ____________________, light ____________________, light --_________________, equivalent _________________, equivalent --____________________________________II. Explain the meaning of the following: II. Explain the meaning of the following: fundamental discoveries,fundamental discoveries,indispensable tool,indispensable tool,indestructible atomindestructible atom

III.WordIII.Word

formationformation::

NOUNOUNN

ADJECTIVEADJECTIVErevolution revolution massmasscontrolcontroldevelopmentdevelopmentfundamentfundament

IV.CompleteIV.Complete

thethe

line:line:

to predictto predictto explainto explainto limitto limitto completeto completeto surroundto surround

VV..

Complete the extract from Einstein's essay text Complete the extract from Einstein's essay text ««The world as I The world as I see it see it »»

with the words in with the words in

the brackets and then translate.the brackets and then translate.

««The world as I see it The world as I see it »»"The most beautiful experience we can have is the mysterious. It"The most beautiful experience we can have is the mysterious. It

is the is the

fundamental emotion that stands at the _________ of true art andfundamental emotion that stands at the _________ of true art and

true true science. Whoever does not know it and can no longer wonder, no lscience. Whoever does not know it and can no longer wonder, no longer onger marvel, is as good as dead, and his eyes are dimmed. It was the marvel, is as good as dead, and his eyes are dimmed. It was the experience of experience of mystery mystery --

even if mixed with______ even if mixed with______ --

that engendered religion. A knowledge that engendered religion. A knowledge

of the existence of something we cannot _______________, our perof the existence of something we cannot _______________, our perceptions ceptions of the profoundest reason and the most ___________beauty, which of the profoundest reason and the most ___________beauty, which only in only in their most primitive forms are___________ to our minds: it is ththeir most primitive forms are___________ to our minds: it is this is knowledge and this emotion that ___________ true religiosity. Inknowledge and this emotion that ___________ true religiosity. In

this sense, this sense,

and only this sense, I am a deeply religious man... I am satisfiand only this sense, I am a deeply religious man... I am satisfied with the ed with the mystery of life's eternity and with a knowledge, a sense, of themystery of life's eternity and with a knowledge, a sense, of the

marvelousmarvelous

structure of existence structure of existence ----

as well as the humble attempt to understand even a as well as the humble attempt to understand even a tiny ______________of the Reason that manifests itself in naturetiny ______________of the Reason that manifests itself in nature." ." (portion, cradle, fear, penetrate, radiant, accessible, constitu(portion, cradle, fear, penetrate, radiant, accessible, constitute)te)

LESSON 7LESSON 7NIKOLA TESLA NIKOLA TESLA -- THE GENIUS THE GENIUS

WHO LIT THE WORLDWHO LIT THE WORLD

VocabularyVocabulary

::alternatingalternating

currentcurrent

devicedevice--

motor izmjenimotor izmjeniččne strujene struje

alternatingalternating

currentcurrent

inductioninduction

motor motor --

indukcijski motor indukcijski motor izmjeniizmjeniččne strujene struje

laser laser beambeam

--

laserska zrakalaserska zrakaremoteremote

controlcontrol

--

daljinski upravljadaljinski upravljačč

vacuumvacuum

tube tube amplifieramplifier

––

pojapojaččaloalomanman--mademade

lightninglightning

––

umjetna munjaumjetna munja

terrestrialterrestrial

stationarystationary

wavewave

––

zemaljski zemaljski stojnistojni

valval

EXERCISES:EXERCISES:Why did Tesla and Edison fall out?Why did Tesla and Edison fall out?Make a list of some of his most important inventionsMake a list of some of his most important inventions!!Which of (some of) his inventions are associated with other Which of (some of) his inventions are associated with other scientists?scientists?What do you think is the reason for this?What do you think is the reason for this?Why was he considered eccentric? What, if anything, do you Why was he considered eccentric? What, if anything, do you know about Teslaknow about Tesla’’s private life?s private life?

VOCABULARY PRACTICE:VOCABULARY PRACTICE:

Find words in the text which mean:Find words in the text which mean:mental rejection of something as untrue mental rejection of something as untrue

........................................................................................................................................having wide or considerable extent having wide or considerable extent ......................................................................................................................................................

relating to the earth or its inhabitants relating to the earth or its inhabitants ..................................................................................................................................

an electric utility generating station an electric utility generating station ..........................................................................................................................................................

an electronic device for amplifying voltage, an electronic device for amplifying voltage, current, or power.....................................current, or power.....................................

Fill in the correct word derived from Fill in the correct word derived from the word inthe word in

bracketsbrackets

Before the ........................ (invent) of the telephone, Before the ........................ (invent) of the telephone, communicating over greatcommunicating over great

distances was slow and distances was slow and

difficult.difficult.I see this as .......................... (recognise) of my role I see this as .......................... (recognise) of my role in supporting learning and asin supporting learning and as............................... (acknowledge) of the teaching ............................... (acknowledge) of the teaching role that I have.role that I have................................ (subscribe) to magazines and ............................... (subscribe) to magazines and

periodicals rise.periodicals rise.This leaves me with a number of difficult This leaves me with a number of difficult ..................... (decision) to make...................... (decision) to make.

TRANSLATE THE PARAGRAPHTRANSLATE THE PARAGRAPH::

Tesla's generosity eventually left him without adequate funds toTesla's generosity eventually left him without adequate funds to

pursue and realize pursue and realize his inventions. His idealism and humanism left him with little shis inventions. His idealism and humanism left him with little stomach for the tomach for the world of industrial and financial intrigue. His New York laboratworld of industrial and financial intrigue. His New York laboratory was destroyed ory was destroyed by a mysterious fire. References to his work and accomplishmentsby a mysterious fire. References to his work and accomplishments

were were

systematically purged from the scientific literature and textboosystematically purged from the scientific literature and textbooks. Driven into a ks. Driven into a Hermetic exile in a New York hotel during the period between theHermetic exile in a New York hotel during the period between the

two wars, 20 two wars, 20

years of his potentially rich and productive contribution were tyears of his potentially rich and productive contribution were taken from us. The aken from us. The only occasions of public appearance were the yearly press intervonly occasions of public appearance were the yearly press interviews on his iews on his birthday when he would describe amazing and far reaching inventibirthday when he would describe amazing and far reaching inventions and ons and technological possibilities. These were distorted and sensationatechnological possibilities. These were distorted and sensationalized in the popular lized in the popular press, particularly when he described advanced weapons systems opress, particularly when he described advanced weapons systems on the eve of n the eve of World war II. He died in obscurity in 1943. Only the FBI took noWorld war II. He died in obscurity in 1943. Only the FBI took note: they searched te: they searched his papers (in vain) for the design of the "deathhis papers (in vain) for the design of the "death--ray machine". It is interesting to ray machine". It is interesting to note that the motivation for our "Star Wars" note that the motivation for our "Star Wars" defensedefense

system was based upon fears system was based upon fears

that the Soviets had begun deployment of weapons based upon Teslthat the Soviets had begun deployment of weapons based upon Tesla high energy a high energy principles. Public reports of mysterious "principles. Public reports of mysterious "blindingsblindings" of U.S. surveillance satellites, " of U.S. surveillance satellites, anomalous high altitude flashes and fireballs, elf wave radio inanomalous high altitude flashes and fireballs, elf wave radio interference, and other terference, and other cases lend credence to this interpretation.cases lend credence to this interpretation.

Put Put questionsquestions withwith thethe givengiven questionquestion –– wordswords::

DEATHDEATH

(When) Tesla died at age 86 on 7 January 1943 from heart thrombu(When) Tesla died at age 86 on 7 January 1943 from heart thrombus, alone s, alone in room 3327 of the in room 3327 of the New Yorker HotelNew Yorker Hotel. (What) A few days after Tesla's . (What) A few days after Tesla's death, the information center of the Yugoslav royal governmentdeath, the information center of the Yugoslav royal government--inin--exile exile released a statement giving a short review of Tesla's achievemenreleased a statement giving a short review of Tesla's achievements and the ts and the schedule for his memorial service and funeral. The speech, writtschedule for his memorial service and funeral. The speech, written by en by Louis Adamic, was read in a live broadcast on Radio New York by Louis Adamic, was read in a live broadcast on Radio New York by the the mayor of New York City, mayor of New York City, Fiorello La GuardiaFiorello La Guardia, on 10 January 1943. The , on 10 January 1943. The remains of Nikola Tesla were taken to Campbell cemetery. (What) remains of Nikola Tesla were taken to Campbell cemetery. (What) The The protocol anticipated the funeral service would be conducted on 1protocol anticipated the funeral service would be conducted on 12 January 2 January in the cathedral of in the cathedral of Cathedral of Saint John the DivineCathedral of Saint John the Divine in in ManhattanManhattan..[[(Who) (Who) Bishop Bishop William T. ManningWilliam T. Manning delivered the introductory and the last prayer delivered the introductory and the last prayer in English. The funeral service was conducted in the name of thein English. The funeral service was conducted in the name of the Serbian Serbian Orthodox Church by priest Dusan Sukletovic, the superior of the Orthodox Church by priest Dusan Sukletovic, the superior of the Church of Church of St. SavaSt. Sava of the New York parish. of the New York parish.

(Who)The bereaved family members present at the funeral were Sav(Who)The bereaved family members present at the funeral were Sava a Kosanovic and Nikola Trbojevic. A state funeral was attended by Kosanovic and Nikola Trbojevic. A state funeral was attended by 2000 2000 people. Tesla's casket was draped with U. S. and Yugoslav flags.people. Tesla's casket was draped with U. S. and Yugoslav flags.(Who)The pallbearers were Nobel prize winners. Telegrams of cond(Who)The pallbearers were Nobel prize winners. Telegrams of condolence olence were received from many notables including the first lady, Mrs were received from many notables including the first lady, Mrs Eleanor Eleanor RooseveltRoosevelt and Viceand Vice--President President Henry A. WallaceHenry A. Wallace. . Tesla's body was cremated and his ashes taken to Belgrade, SerbiTesla's body was cremated and his ashes taken to Belgrade, Serbia, thena, then--YugoslaviaYugoslavia in 1957. (Where)The urn containing his ashes was placed in the in 1957. (Where)The urn containing his ashes was placed in the Nikola Tesla MuseumNikola Tesla Museum in Belgrade. Despite having sold his AC electricity in Belgrade. Despite having sold his AC electricity patents, Tesla died with significant debts. Later that year the patents, Tesla died with significant debts. Later that year the US Supreme US Supreme CourtCourt upheld Tesla's patent number 645576 in a ruling that served as upheld Tesla's patent number 645576 in a ruling that served as the the basis for patented radio technology in the United States.basis for patented radio technology in the United States.

Soon after his death Tesla's safe was opened by his nephew Sava Soon after his death Tesla's safe was opened by his nephew Sava KosanoviKosanovićć. Shortly thereafter Tesla's papers and other property were . Shortly thereafter Tesla's papers and other property were impounded by the United States' impounded by the United States' Alien Property CustodianAlien Property Custodian office in Tesla's office in Tesla's compound at the Manhattan Warehouse, even though he was a compound at the Manhattan Warehouse, even though he was a naturalized naturalized citizencitizen..At the time of his death, Tesla had been working on the At the time of his death, Tesla had been working on the TeleforceTeleforce weapon, weapon, or 'death ray,' that he had unsuccessfully marketed to the US Waor 'death ray,' that he had unsuccessfully marketed to the US War r Department. It appears that Teleforce was related to his researcDepartment. It appears that Teleforce was related to his research into h into ball ball lightninglightning and and plasmaplasma, and was conceived as a , and was conceived as a particle beam weaponparticle beam weapon. . (What)The US government did not find a prototype of the device i(What)The US government did not find a prototype of the device in the n the safe.safe.(Who) Tesla's family and the Yugoslav embassy struggled with the(Who) Tesla's family and the Yugoslav embassy struggled with theAmerican authorities to gain these items after his death becauseAmerican authorities to gain these items after his death because of the of the potential significance of some of his research. (What) Eventuallpotential significance of some of his research. (What) Eventually Mr. y Mr. KosanoviKosanovićć won possession of the materials, which are now housed in the won possession of the materials, which are now housed in the Nikola Tesla MuseumNikola Tesla Museum..