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Methods to reduce water Demand
Date : 8 August 2007Time : 11.00 to 12.00 hrs.Venue : Aalankrita Resort, HyderabadTopic : Methods to reduce water demand Faculty : Dr. K.A.S.Mani & S.S Kandgal
Reduce water use through new knowledge and People’s wisdom
The NGO’s in partnership with farmers have successfully
tapped farmers Wisdom and new Capacities in controlling
their own situation and reducing vulnerability to fast
spreading crisis of groundwater depletion and crop failures.
Summary of groundwater Estimation
• More water cannot be created, limits have been reached and water used for agriculture is simply not available
• Integrate water saving in full spectrum of crop production beginning with soil tilling to irrigation to post harvest.
• Relate water saving to ecological and economical context
• Improve water use to meet the groundwater crisis
Impact of Crop water Budgeting
• Relate Water scarcity with agriculture patterns
• Understand water use by different crops• Change the way the water is used• Improve agro eco system• Ensure groundwater sustainability• Increase productivity per unit water• Enhance returns per unit water
Crop water Requirement based on discharge measurements
Debate on factors affecting Groundwater resource availability
Comparision between Draft and Balance
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Hydrological Units
Val
ues
in M
CM
s
BalanceComparasion 2006&07 Draft Comparision 2006&07
Matching crop plan matching with water availability
Review total cropping system
irrigated crops in Project Area
0
5
10
15
20
25
Ric
e
Su
garc
an
e
Ch
illy
Co
tto
n
Gro
un
dn
ut
Maiz
e
Jo
war
Seasm
um
Su
nfl
ow
er
Ben
galg
ram
Red
gra
m
Bla
ckg
ram
Gre
en
gra
m
Co
rian
der
% o
f c
rop
pe
d a
rea
Decision making on water savings • Crop Water Budgeting (CWB) provokes
discussion on complex questions on nature of GW development.
• Bring on stage complex issues on crop varieties, crop water requirement, food and nutrition, cash crop vs food crop, water sharing, water quality issues-----
• Set the framework for farmers to take appropriate decisions on managing the available water resources, reducing risks against failures while identifying new opportunities for sustainable crop production
Cropping pattern in the state
0 2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000 10000000 12000000
Sunflower
Ragi
Red Gram
Sweet Orange
Bajra
Tomato
Groundnut
Maize
Jowar
Castor
Chilly
Cotton
Paddy
Series2
Series1
Crop diversification for reducing water pumping
Crop changes from 2005-06 and 06-07
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Ric
e
Jow
ar
Red
gra
m
Gro
un
dn
ut
Su
nfl
ow
er
Su
gar
can
e
Ben
gal
gra
m
Co
tto
n
Ch
illi
Mai
ze
Gre
eng
ram
Bla
ckg
ram
Sw
eet
ora
ng
e
Man
go
Baj
ra
To
mat
o
Are
a in
acr
es
2005-06
2006-07
Water Use in the project area 2006-07
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00R
ice
Swee
t ora
nge
Sunf
low
er
Gro
undn
ut
Chi
lli
Suga
rcan
e
Tom
ato
Baj
ra
Cot
ton
Jow
ar
Red
gram
Ben
galg
ram
Mai
ze
Gre
engr
am
Bla
ckgr
am
Man
go
% of area cropped
% of water consumed
Water Savings Adopted
Cut down groundwater pumping by reducing paddy
Shift in rice
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Ralla
vagu
Digu
vaet
igad
da
Peet
huru
vagu
Chin
neru
Nakk
ilava
gu
Pedd
avag
u
Bhaa
skar
raok
unta
Yerra
vank
a
Chin
naup
puva
gu
Sudh
akur
uva
vagu
Erra
vagu
Uppa
rava
nka
Bella
mva
nka
Pedd
anag
ulav
aram
vagu
Kaka
rlava
gu
Koth
akun
ta
Mal
lapp
avag
u
Mar
uvav
anka
Than
dras
ila
Nars
iredd
ypal
leva
gu
Yada
lava
gu
Vajra
lava
nka
Rom
mon
ivag
u
Ralla
vagu
Erra
vagu
Pala
mot
uvag
u
Bokk
iner
u
Uppu
vagu
Ling
ojip
alliv
agu
Puliv
agu
Jam
pale
ruva
gu
Vem
uler
uvag
u
Ulsa
ipal
em
Tadu
ku
Chan
dras
agar
Man
dava
gu
Mul
aban
dla
Mal
lapp
avag
u
Hydrological Units
Area
in a
cres
2005-06
2006-07
Abstaining from Paddy 30 Million cubic meter of groundwater was saved by abstaining from paddy cultivation in 5451 acres.
A 50% reduction in area under paddy from 10915 acres has been witnessed. .
Crop Diversification Adopting crop diversification, keeping market prices in focus
This improved economic returns per unit of water pumped
Use of Water Saving Devices 3.5 Million cubic meter of groundwater pumping was reduced through adoption of number of water saving devices.
5155 acres have been brought under sprinkler, Drip irrigation and water Gun.
Adoption of moisture retention techniques
Farmers have adopted several agronomical practices to conserve moisture and reduce water use. Use of agronomic strategies helped minimize irrigation water requirements substantially.
DRIP- Groundnut
Use of sprinklers in peanut
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2005-2006 2006-2007
Year
Are
a in
Acr
es
Groundnut
Sweet orange inter crop Coccinia Gandis with Drip irrigation
Water saving techniques
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Drip C.Basin Alt.Fur. Vermict
Methods
Are
a in
Acr
es
2005-2006
2006-2007
Furrow irrigation in Tomato
Special type of nursery preparation by farmers
Water saving techniques
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Drip C.Basin Alt.Fur. Vermict
Methods
Are
a in
Acr
es
2005-2006
2006-2007
Reduced external Inputs • Reduced use of external inputs largely fertilizers,
pesticides for organic inputs have considerably reduced the demand of groundwater. Changes in external input influenced by FFS-FMGS (2004 -2005 and 2006-2007)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Before After Before After Before After Before After Before After Before After
Pigeon pea Sorghum Chick pea Rice Chillies Cotton
Crops
Am
ou
nt
in R
up
ees
per
Hec
tare
Fertilisrers Pesticdies
• Reduced number of irrigations in each crop• Increased awareness and skills on water saving
techniques across the Project area• Farmers experimenting various options on their
field• Increased over all natural resource
consciousness and conservation• Increased in mobilization of pressurized
irrigation systems from the Govt.
THANK YOU
