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Methodologies for Assessing Food and Nutrition Security was presented by Ms. Hygeia Ceres Catalina B. Gawe, Chief of Nutrition Surveillance of the National Nutrition Council.
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10/13/2015 1
Methodologies for Assessing Food and Nutrition SecurityNational Conference on Food and Nutrition SecurityManila | 12-13 October 2015
10/13/2015 2
OUTLINE
The National Nutrition Council
Food and Nutrition Security Definition
Malnutrition frameworks
Indicators and Measures
FS Assessment Applications
Summary
10/13/2015 3
Nutrition Act of the
Philippines, June 1974
Office of the President
Reorganization Act of the NNC
DSWD, July 1987
Retransferring the NNC
from DSWD to DA,
August 1988
1. Formulate national food and nutrition policies and strategies
2. Coordinate the national food and nutrition program
3. Coordinate funds for nutrition
4. Call on any government instrumentality for assistance
NNC Mandate
Transferred NNC from
DA to DOH, 2005
10/13/2015 4
FOOD SECURITY
“when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to food, which is consumed in sufficient quantity and quality to meet their dietary needs and food preferences, and is supported by an environment of adequate sanitation, health services and care, allowing for a healthy and active life”
Source: UNSCN Meeting of the Minds: Nutrition Impact of Food Systems; 25 – 28 March 2013
10/13/2015 5
Food security vs. nutrition securityFood security:
• All the acceptable definitions imply nutrition but only as long as household’s food are consumed according to the dietary requirements of all household member their dietary/nutritional needs will be met (A. Agyemang, U. Jonsson)
10/13/2015 6
Food security vs. nutrition securityNutrition security:
• requires simultaneously ‘food’, ‘health’ and ‘care’
• Can not achieve nutrition security without FS at household level and ‘food safety’ (E. Edwards, U. Jonsson)
10/13/2015 7
Source: UNICEF Source: Foodsec.org
Causality framework of malnutrition
10/13/2015 8
4 Food
Security Dimensions
10/13/2015 9
Food and nutrition security measures
Availability of food
• Self-sufficiency ratio of selected staples
• Available of food in markets
Stability of food supply
• Price fluctuations
• Trends in food supply of staples
10/13/2015 10
Food and nutrition security measures – underlying causes
Access to food
•Subsistence incidence
•Safety nets
10/13/2015 11
Indicator 1991 2003 2006 2009 20122013
1st Sem*
2014 1st
Sem**
Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence
Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold (in Pesos)
5,949 10,976 13,357 16,871 18,935 9,630 10,534
Poverty Incidence of Families (%) 29.7 20.0 21.0 20.5 19.7 18.8 20.0
Poverty Incidence of Population (%) 34.4 24.9 26.6 26.3 25.2 24.6 25.8
Food Threshold and Subsistence Incidence
Annual Per Capita Food Threshold (in Pesos)
4,135 7,577 9,308 11,780 13,232 6,712 7,350
Subsistence Incidence of Families (%) 14.4 8.2 8.8 7.9 7.5 7.5 7.6
Subsistence Incidence of Population (%) 17.6 11.1 12.0 10.9 10.4 10.5 10.5
*2013 Poverty estimates were revised from those released on 29 April 2014 for consistency with the 2014 poverty estimates which were generated from the 2014 Annual Poverty Indicator Survey which does not include sample households from Batanes and Leyte.
**2014 poverty estimates were generated from the 2014 APIS, which does not include sample households from Batanesand Leyte.
10/13/2015 12
Food and nutrition security measures
Food utilization
• Food consumption score
• Diet diversity score
• Percent recommended energy/nutrient intake
• Caloric adequacy
• Health condition
• Access to safe water and sanitation
10/13/2015 13
10/13/2015 14
Food and nutrition security measures – FSN outcomes
Nutritional status-food security
• Underweight
• Wasting
• Stunting
• Caloric adequacy• Waist-hip ratio• Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)• Micronutrient deficiencies• Food security index (national level)
10/13/2015 15
10/13/2015 16
140.9
193.2
204.8208.4
201.9
153.1
212.7
204.7
164.4
210.2 209.5212.2 212.7
198.2
184.9
188.9 190.7
181.2186.0
181.0 178.7
10/13/2015 17
Finally, we:
• Look at linkages and convergence of data
•Build technical consensus on findings
•Disseminate reports
•Plan for response
10/13/2015 1810/13/2015 18Panel Discussion on Methodologies for Assessing Food and Nutrition Security
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Chronic Food Insecurity Analysis
10/13/2015 18
A multi-sector and global approach
10/13/2015 19
What is IPC?• a set of tools and procedures
for classifying the nature & severity of current and projected food security situations
• protocols for ‘Situation Analysis’
BACKGROUND
10/13/2015 20
BACKGROUND
10/13/2015 21
What is IPC?
Overall Classification
CropsNutrition
Livestock
Fisheries
Market & Trade
WaterHealthEducation
Gender
National Resources
Income and Employment
Infrastructure
BACKGROUND
10/13/2015 22
What is IPC?
Food Consumption
Overall Food Security Phase ClassificationLivelihood
Change
Nutritional Status
Mortality
IPC ANALYSTS
BACKGROUND
Multisectoral planning in nutrition
10/13/2015 24“Food security status”, Kenya 2006 “% pp Food Insecure” , Ghana 2009
“Food security phase classification”, Nepal 2006/07 24
No “common currency”
10/13/2015 25
Why IPC?
Based on “common currency”
IPC ACUTE PHASE CLASSIFICATION
Phase 1: MININALPhase 2: STRESSEDPhase 3: CRISISPhase 4: EMERGENCYPhase 5: FAMINE
10/13/2015 26
ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY
IPC for Classification of Food Insecurity
All food insecurity found at a specific point in time (snapshot) of a severity that threatens lives and/or livelihoods regardless of the causes, context or duration.
To inform interventions with short term strategic objectives
To inform interventions with medium and long term strategic objectives
CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY
Persistent food insecurity due to structural causes. This persistence is determined based on analysis of conditions under non-exceptional circumstances.
Objective Definition
Acute and Chronic food insecurity are different and thus require different but well coordinated and linked responses
BACKGROUND
10/13/2015 27
STEP 1: Introduction to IPC Chronic Food Security Analyses and Planning of Rollout Process
STEP 2: Training 1: Data Requirements and ISS for IPC-Chronic
STEP 3: Evidence Collection
STEP 4: Training 2: IPC Chronic Phase Classification
STEP 5: IPC Chronic Analysis and Validation
STEP 6: Production and Dissemination of Findings
STEPS IN IPC-CHRONIC IMPLEMENTATION
IPC-Chronic Implementation
10/13/2015 28
Type of Evidence
DIRECT
Indicates level descriptions and cutoffs for globally comparable indicators for each food security element
INDIRECT
Indicators that can be used to support classification of chronic food insecurity and may include cut-offs for indicators if available
IPC-Chronic Implementation
10/13/2015 29
Food and NutritionSurveys
Direct Indicators(Reference Table)
Re-analysis / Alignment
(Reference Table)Level Classification
National Nutrition Survey (NNS)
Survey on Food Demand (SFD)
Annual Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS)
Baseline Assessment of WFP and WB
• Stunting
• Food Consumption Score
• Use of Iodized Salt
• Use of Quality-Related Coping
• Share of Energy
• Starch Staple Ratio
• Provincial Poverty Line
L1 L2 L3 L4
Evidence Collection Process
10/13/2015 30
Stunting
Province
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
% Not stunted (HAZ ≥ - 2SD)
% Moderately stunted
(-3 < HAZ < -2SD)
% Severely stunted
(HAZ < -3 SD)
XYZ 55 CI(48:61) 28 CI(21:34) 17 CI(13:32)
Re-analysis and alignment of indicators
10/13/2015 31
Province
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
% Above the moderateline
% Below moderate line but above the
extreme line% Below the extreme line
XYZ 33 26 42
Provincial Poverty LineRe-analysis and alignment
10/13/2015 32
Core answers to the following Questions
1.HOW severe is the situation?
2.Where are areas that are food insecure?
insecure?
3.How many people are food insecure?
4.Who are the food-insecure people in terms of
terms of socio-economic characteristics?
5.Why are the people food insecure?
BACKGROUND
10/13/2015 33
Chronic Food Insecurity Situation in the 18 Provinces of Mindanao
Steps in ISS
10/13/2015 34
Uses of IPC
• Points to strategic response or action based on phase classification
• Prioritization of interventions
• Prioritization of provinces (IPC Philippines)
BACKGROUND
10/13/2015 35
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY -
EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (FNS-EWS)
for city/municipalities
10/13/2015 36
Why is EWS important?
Enable early forecasting based on trends
Provide timely warning and interventions
36
10/13/2015 37
Why is EWS important?
Identify affected households and vulnerable areas
Allow government decisions concerning priorities and allocation of resources
37
10/13/2015 38
Builds on the Four Pillars of Food and Nutrition Security
10/13/2015 39
How does the EWS operate?
39
Quarterly Data Collection
(2 levels) - Municipal
(secondary data)
- Household (primary data)
Data entered and analyzed using a simple data base
The local EWS Team presents the findings to the Mayor and the MNC
The Mayor and the Municipal Council take action in cases of impending food crisis
10/13/2015 40
Suggested Alert Levels for the FNS-EWS
Alert Level 1 – Normal or Mild Threat (Green)
Alert Level 2 – Warning (Orange)
Alert Level 3 – Critical (Red)
Uses Trigger and Alert levels
10/13/2015 41
FNS-EWS QUARTERLY REPORT – SUMMARY SHEET
Stability
Availability
10/13/2015 42
FNS-EWS QUARTERLY REPORT – SUMMARY SHEET
Accessibility
Utilization
10/13/2015 43
STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION
10/13/2015 44
ILOCOS SUR (Reg I)Tagudin
BENGUET (CAR) Atok
ISABELA (Reg II)Ilagan City
ZAMBALES (Reg III)Botolan
CAMARINES SUR (reg V)• Cabusao• Calabanga• Canaman• Minalabac• Ragay• Sipocot
OCC. MINDORO (Reg IV-B)Abra de Ilog
BOHOL (Reg VII)Buenavista
SURIGAO DEL SUR (CARAGA)Lingig
DAVAO DEL NORTE (Reg XI)Panabo City
SULTAN KUDARAT (Reg XII)Lambayong
MISAMIS OCC. (Reg X)Ozamiz City
MAGUINDANAO (ARMM)Upi
ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY (Reg IX)Kabasalan
10/13/2015 45
AKLAN (Region VI)AltavasBatanBuruangaMalinaoTangalan
Capiz (Region VI)DaoDumaraoIvisanJamindanTapaz
10/13/2015 46
Summary
• Several methods for FSN assessment
•Data availability gaps exist
•Need to strengthen process for technical consensus building
•Utilization of FSN assessment results need to be ensured
10/13/2015 47
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