Satguru Sri Mata Amritanandamayi DeviT hrough this holding of hands and sharing of knowledge and experience, new horizons of knowledge

will open in the highest realms of science and technology to those thirsting for knowledge in India

and others parts of the world-especially to students, teachers and researchers. “Today, we are

witnessing the world becoming like a single village. T his is due to the efforts nations are putting

towards cooperating in all fields. T hus, they are becoming like one. T his venture to collaborate

and share knowledge is a gigantic step in this direction. “ Knowledge is like a river-its nature is to

flow. T he dharma of knowledge is to flow to all corners of the world and nourish the culture there.

We should never stem its flow and thereby turn it into a stagnant pond.”It is said that knowledge

is the greatest gift one can give, for knowledge is imperishable. Even if we light a thousand lamps

from one flame, the lustre of the first lamp never diminishes. Similar is the greatness of knowledge.

Knowledge does not diminish, no matter how much it is shared. In fact, the more you give, the

more it develops and expands. “ By sharing knowledge and experiences, we can prevent the

flower that is this world from ever wilting and ensure that it remains eternally beautiful. By

bringing together diverse streams of knowledge, we can create a magnificent river. May this great

river of knowledge flow to caress the countries and communities of the world. May it overflow

the borders between people and countries. May it impart the water of life to all of humanity, and

thus nature the blooming of culture throughout the world.”

Message from Chancellor, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

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Message from Vice Chancellor, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

Aum Amriteshwaryai Namah!

It is with immense pleasure that we host this The ACM ICPC Regionals - Asia, here at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham. We extend our hearty welcome to all the participants to our campus.

Drawing its inspiration, guidance nourishment, energy, and resources directly from our Chancellor and world renowned humanitarian leader, Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi (AMMA), Amrita University has now grown into a dynamic, 5-campus, multi-disciplinary University with over 15 schools, 100 academic programs (undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral), 1500 faculty, and 14000 students, all united in their mission towards solving the monumental scientific and societal challenges being faced by the world today. The campus you see here is both young and immensely dynamic, with a unique holistic approach to produce the best engineers, scientists, healthcare professionals, entrepreneurs, managers, and societal contributors in all of its disciplines. We hope you all get the opportunity to feel this experience during your stay here.

Many congratulations to the Amrita ICPC team for organizing this prestigious event here at Amrita.

P. Venkat Rangan,Vice Chancellor,Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

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Message from Director, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Campus

At the outset, on behalf of the management of Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Campus, let me welcome all the ACM ICPC 2009 Regional Contest participants to this campus. It is our privilege to host and organize this prestigous and world’s largest collegiate programming contest for the third time in a row. Our student and staff community is guided by our Chancellor - Amma - Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi - world renowned humanitarian and spiritual leader. Amma is well known all over the world for Her selfless service and the charitable activities initiated by Mata Amritanandamayi Math. Amma is the guiding light and source of inspiration behind all the activities of Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham. Amritapuri Campus took its birth from Amma’s educational vision as “Amrita Institute of Computer Technology (AICT)” in 1990 at Puthiakavu, a village in Kollam district. Later in 2003, the institution came under the ambit of “Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham”. The campus has now grown with 4 schools – Engineering, Arts & Sciences, Biotechnology and Ayurveda. Imbibing values directly from Amma, I am sure that this year too, all the participants of ACM ICPC will return with their heart full of sweet memories. The staff and student community under the departments of Computer Science & Engineering, Computer Science & Applications, Information Technology of Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Campus involved in this international contest is blessed to organize this event on our campus. Last two years, the ICPC Team at Amrita enjoyed hosting this event every much and all the contestants, coaches and reserves who participated in this contest were satisfied with the hospitality provided by our staff members and students. Once again, on behalf of the AMRITA ACM ICPC Team I extend a hearty welcome to you all to this young campus of Amrita University.

Wishing you all the best for this year battle of brains!!!

Br. SudeepDirector, Amritapuri Campus

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Message from Regional Contest Director, ACM ICPC Asia Amritapuri SiteIt is with great pleasure and pride that we at Amrita University are bringing to you the most prestigious and biggest collegiate programming contest in the world – the ICPC – for the fifth year in a row. Every year we have been making some improvements –in the automatic judging, in the problem sets, and in the hospitality.

When we started to plan for this year’s contest, I pondered over all the areas where we could improve things. Last year’s contest was well-received by the participants and we did not get many suggestions for improvement, other than about the spiciness of our South Indian food from foreign visitors! But I noticed that enrollment was quite poor for a country the size of India, and we decided that this year we should get at least 300 teams to enroll in the online contest. This year, therefore, we made the online contest free, and our great student volunteers, always on hand to help, went around to local colleges publicizing the contest, and as a result, we were indeed successful in getting some 310 teams from 53 universities to participate in the online contest.

We also decided that promoting a green theme would be a great idea. India has abundant natural beauty and resources, but these are not adequately managed and promoted. For aesthetic, health and economic reasons, therefore, it is very important to keep this earth clean and beautiful for you youngsters and your descendants. A long-term view is necessary, where we might have to forgo the convenience and low cost of some disposables, for example. You are all great at programming, and I have no doubt that you will become influential policy-makers in the future in whichever part of the globe you find yourselves in, and I hope that you develop a green mind-set in whatever you do.On behalf of the Amrita ICPC staff and student volunteer team, therefore, let me welcome you to the 34th annual ICPC Regionals at Amritapuri.

Vallath NandakumarRegional Contest Director, Asia-Amritapuri Site

Message from Chair, Departments of CSE, IT & CSA, Amritapuri CampusACM – International Collegiate Programming Contest provides an interesting and important platform for those mart and young minds from all over the countries in the Asia-Pacific region, who love problem solving and coding to interact, reinvent and to regenerate. I am happy to note that Amritapuri Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University is hosting this event for the third consecutive year in 2009. I wish all the success for the event…

Dr. M.R. KaimalChairman, Computer Studies,Amritapuri Campus.

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Departments of Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Computer Science & Applications

Computer Science & EngineeringThe Department of Computer Science & Engineering of Amritapuri campus, was established in the year 2002. There are 25 faculty members, of which two are Ph.Ds, seven are M.Techs, six are pursuing M.Tech and three are pursuing Ph.D . The major areas of research include wireless sensor networks, artificial intelligence and neural networks. A new M.Tech programme in Wiresless Sensor & Applications has commenced from August 2009. Students of the department are also highly active in various activities and have won various prizes such as IBM XML SuperStar, The Great Mind Challenge, and Aspirations 2020 at Infosys. In the recently held 25th National student convention in September 2009, students have won best paper award in software engineering track. Infosys Campus connect Team has awarded our campus the Best Campus award. ACM-ICPC, The intercollegiate programming contest sponsored by IBM was organized here and the faculty members of our department are highly involved in this.

Information TechnologyDepartment of Information Technology started in June 2002 as a part of Amrita Institute of Technology & Science (AITEC) with one batch of 60 students. Department offers 4 year B.Tech degree programme in Information Technology. This programme focuses on the software and application development part in the area of information technology and the theoretical computer science as well. As this branch is closer to the software development the syllabi and curricula is updated frequently in every three years so as to meet the industrial requirements. From the 5th semester itself, the students are given wide range of elective in the area of sciences & computers that also includes the interdisciplinary courses offered by the other branches of engineering. The recommendations of the ACM Computing Curricula are also referred at the time of updating the curriculum

Computer Science and ApplicationsDepartment of Computer Science & Applications was formed in the year 2007 to bring all the programmes offering the computer science and computer applications other than the B.Tech in the campus under one roof. The department currently has 10 batches. We have 20 faculty members and 560 students in 10 batches. All the faculty members are post graduates and more than 15 of them are experienced. Following programmes are offered by the department:

Master of Computer ApplicationsM.Sc. (Computer Science)B.Sc. (Computer Science)

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Schedule of EventsAll the registered and accepted teams are required to send their Travel & Accommodation plan to the Travel Chair on or before 20th October 2009 so that the pickup could be arranged smoothly. Early registration is on 30th October afternoon and late registration on 31st October early morning.

Accommodation is arranged at the international headquarters of Mata Amritanandamayi Math, Amritapuri. Those who are planning to reach the accommodation site directly can travel to the Math and approach the ICPC Accommodation Desk (in the Math) for the room allotment and check-in. Pickup and accommodation for the teams will start on 30th early morning. Pickup is from Kollam / Karunagappally / Kayamkulam railway stations. Team members arriving at other railway stations / airports can avail the pickup at a nominal rate. For this too, please inform the Travel chair well in advance. Those who wish to stay in hotels outside are required to inform the travel chair before 20th October.

The first day, October 31st starts with the Late Registration, Inaugural Ceremony & Practice session in the forenoon and an outdoor entertainment to nearby beach, indoor games on the university campus etc., in the afternoon and followed by a banquet dinner. Second practice session starts at 09:00 PM.

Second day, breakfast starts at 06:30 AM in the campus canteen, the battle of brains starts at 08:00 AM sharp, all contestants are required to be in the lab by 07:45 AM. Refreshments are served during the contest time outside the computer lab. Coach’s lounge is in the ground floor lab where the internet connectivity is also provided. Contest ends at 01:00 PM, followed by the lunch. At 03:00 PM, the invited talk and award ceremony starts. Entertainment by the university students starts at 06:00 PM and ends by 07:00 PM. It is followed by the dinner in the canteen.

The third day is full of fun – trip to Paalaruvi & Tenmala; one of the scenic places in Kerala, God’s own country.

Wish you all success for 2009 Green ICPC @ Amritapuri

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Regional Contest Activity Schedule October 30th Timing Activity Venue

05:00 AM Accommodation starts Ashram – E Flat 12:00 – 13:30 Lunch Campus Canteen

02:00 – 05:00 PM Early Registration ICPC Auditorium @ Campus

04:00 – 05:00 PM Tea Campus Canteen

08:00 – 09:00 PM Dinner Campus Canteen

October 31st Timing Activity Venue

07:00 – 08:00 AM Breakfast Campus Canteen

08:00 – 09:00 AM Late Registration ICPC Auditorium @ Campus

09:30 – 11:00 AM ACM ICPC 2009 Regionals Inaugural Ceremony ICPC Auditorium @ Campus

11:00 – 11:30 Tea Break ICPC Auditorium @ Campus

11:30 – 01:00 Practice Session – 1 Computer Lab, First Floor

01:00 – 02:30 Lunch Campus Canteen

03:00 – 06:00 Outdoor Entertainment & Tea Beach & Ashram

08:00 – 09:00 Banquet Dinner Campus Lawn

09:00 – 10:30 Practice Session – 2 Computer Lab, First Floor

November 1st Timing Activity Venue

06:30 – 08:00 AM Breakfast Campus Canteen

08:30 AM – 01:30 PM ACM ICPC 2009 Regionals Computer Lab, First Floor

01:00 – 02:00 PM Lunch Campus Canteen

03:00 – 04:30 PM Talks & Award Ceremony ICPC Auditorium

04:30 – 05:30 PM Tea Break Campus Canteen

06:00 – 07:00 PM Entertainment ICPC Auditorium

08:00 – 09:00 PM Dinner Campus Canteen

November 2nd - Excursion to Paalaruvi & Tenmala Timing Activity Venue

06:30 AM Departure to Tenmala School of Biotechnology

08:45 AM Breakfast Lookout, Tenmala

10:30 AM To Paalaruvi Waterfalls Paalaruvi

12:30 PM Proceed for Lunch KTDC Restaurant, Tenmala

02:00 PM Adventure Zone Tenmala

04:30 PM Tea KTDC Restaurant, Tenmala

05:30 PM Back to Campus KTDC Restaurant, Tenmala 08:00 PM Dinner Campus Canteen

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About ACM ICPCThe ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC) is a multitier, team-based, programming competition operating under the auspices of ACM and headquartered at Baylor University. The contest involves a global network of universities hosting regional competitions that advance teams to the ACM-ICPC World Finals. Participation has grown to several tens of thousands of the finest students and faculty in computing disciplines at almost 2,000 universities from over 80 countries on six continents. The contest fosters creativity, teamwork, and innovation in building new software programs, and enables students to test their ability to perform under pressure. Quite simply, it is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious programming contest in the world. The goal is for teams to solve as many problems as they can in a limited time (about 5 hours). The problems generally emphasize knowledge of mathematical and programming concepts such as graph theory and combinatorics.

MissionThe ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC) provides college students with opportunities to interact with students from other universities and to sharpen and demonstrate their problem-solving, programming, and teamwork skills. The contest provides a platform for ACM, industry, and academia to encourage and focus public attention on the next generation of computing professionals as they pursue excellence.

GoalsDecisions shall be governed by the following goals:Attract as many students as possible.Attract as many colleges and universities as possible.Draw from as many areas of the world as possible.Provide equitable access to the ACM-ICPC World Finals.Strive for competitive contests.Involve industry and shine the spotlight on students.Maintain and support the volunteer base.

Culture:Organization:Promote regional integrity.Provide global coordination.

Policy:Keep it simple.Serve, don’t rule.Never have the same problem for the same reason.

Principles:Put people firsproblems; then resolve all resolvable problems; finally, avoid the rest.Grow strong by resolving conflicts.

IBM’s CommitmentIBM sponsorship of the ACM-ICPC is an important component of the company’s many academic initiatives, which are designed to stimulate open-source programming skills to develop a more competitive IT workforce capable of driving global innovation and economic growth.

Since IBM became the sponsor of the ACM-ICPC in 1997, the contest has increased by a factor of eight. Participation has grown to involve several tens of thousands of the finest students and faculty in computing disciplines at 1,838 universities from 88 countries on six continents.

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Organization:The ICPC is a two-tiered competition among teams of students representing institutions of higher education. Teams compete in Regional Contests, from which top scoring teams advance to the ACM-ICPC World Finals. As determined by the ICPC Executive Committee, Regional Contests are grouped into Super Regions. Super Regional Champions and the overall ICPC World Champions are recognized at the ACM-ICPC World Finals. Gold, Silver, and Bronze medal winners are also recognized.

The ICPC Executive Committee is responsible for establishing contest rules, policy, and guidelines. The ICPC Executive Committee shall operate independently in order to assure the integrity of the ICPC. The ICPC International Steering Committee establishes the Regional Rules within the context of the contest rules, resolves regional appeals, rules on internationalization issues, and recommends ways to make the contest more accessible and attractive to international participants. The ICPC International Steering Committee approves regional variations to the Regional Rules.

The ICPC Executive Director shall manage contest affairs, oversee budgetary matters, and assure conformance with policies, procedures and sponsoring agreements. The ICPC Executive Director allocates, disburses, and authorizes the expenditure of all ICPC funds in consultation with affected ICPC leadership and in accordance with sponsoring agreements.

The ACM-ICPC World Finals and Regional Contests are organized and directed by their respective directors. The Director of Judging is responsible for the oversight of past contest problems and defining the problem domain. The Finals Chief Judge supervises judging and resolves judging exceptions during the World Finals. The Director of Judging and Finals Chief Judge recruit and recommend judges and work together with them to formulate problems and establish judging criteria for the ACM-ICPC World Finals. Super Regional Directors are responsible for recruiting and recommending the appointment of Regional Contest Directors and coordinating their efforts with the ACM-ICPC World Finals.

Rules:Contest Rules are determined by the ICPC Executive Committee in conjunction with the ICPC International Steering Committee and will be published within one week of the previous year’s ACM-ICPC World Finals. These rules are interpreted and enforced by the ICPC Executive Director. If unforeseen circumstances dictate a rules change, the ICPC Executive Director shall make reasonable efforts to confer with affected parties before making such a change.

ACM-ICPC World Finals:The ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest World Finals, hereinafter called the “World Finals,” is an event held each year, typically during the month of March. Teams competing in the World Finals are selected from teams competing in Regional Contests. The World Finals is organized and administered by the ICPC Executive Director who also negotiates and arranges for World Finals facilities, activity meeting space, and hotel room accommodations. The ICPC Executive Director shall coordinate with the sponsor to assure availability of suitable space for sponsor events and activities. If the event is hosted by a conference, a letter of agreement shall be executed identifying all space and setup requirements and registration requirements as part of the joint agreement.

The Finals Director is responsible for the conducting of the World Finals competition within the Contest Rules and guidelines established by the ICPC Executive Committee. The Director of Regional Contests is responsible for conducting the Regional Contest Directors’ Symposium, the Regional Contest Directors’ Meeting, and the ICPC International Steering Committee Meeting.

Regional Contests:Regional Contests are held each year according to the Regional Contest Rules, typically no later than the Sunday following the third Saturday in November. Each Regional Contest is organized and operated

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by a Regional Contest Steering Committee, chaired by a Regional Contest Director who appoints the members. At least one of the members must be a faculty or staff member from another university willing to host a Regional Contest in the future.

The ICPC Executive Director appoints Regional Contest Directors at the recommendation of the Director of Regional Contests. Each Regional Contest Steering Committee localizes the Regional Rules for its own Regional Contest, subject to approval by the Director of Regional Contests. There must not be any deviation in eligibility criteria or in the process for appeal. It is presumed that regional contest rules will not deviate significantly from the Contest Rules so that teams might not be at a disadvantage when competing in the ACM-ICPC World Finals.

Funding of Regional Contests:Regional Contests are financially autonomous, ACM-ICPC-branded events of the host institutions. Nevertheless, Regional Contests must submit budgets for review to assure that funding and expenses are reasonable and that all sponsorship requirements are met, before administrative and logistical support for the Regional Contest may commence. All Regional Contests must award ICPC certificates, use ICPC badges, and provide conforming ICPC T-shirts. All Regional Contests must comply with ICPC sponsoring agreements regardless of whether ICPC or sponsor funding is provided.

Regional Contest AttendanceAll team members must attend all contest activities as specified by the regional contest director for that region. The coach is expected to attend or be available by phone during contest activities. Failure to attend any of the designated contest events will result in automatic disqualification and forfeiture of any scholarships and prizes.

Advancing to the World FinalsTeams qualify to advance to the World Finals through Regional Contests and by satisfying all rules posted in The Rules of the ACM-ICPC World Finals. Specifically:

To qualify for the World Finals, the coach and all team members must be fully registered at the ICPC Registration System BEFORE competing in a regional event that advances teams to the World Finals. Incomplete registration or circumvention that leads to incomplete or false data are grounds for immediate disqualification.

Only one team from a given institution may advance to the World Finals. Team members will be provided free one-year memberships in ACM at On-Site Registration. No team member on the qualifying team may have competed as a contestant in two previous World Finals.

The coach of a qualifying team is the point-of-contact prior to and during World Finals activities. The coach must complete certification at the Team Certification Web Site within five (5) days of notification. Qualifying teams will be issued an invitation by email and postal mail within one day of completing certification.

Qualifying teams requiring visas must initiate the process of applying for visas within 10 days of being issued an invitation. Teams failing to comply with any of these requirements will be ruled ineligible to compete in the World Finals. Upon completion of these requirements, a qualifying team will be advanced to the World Finals.

A team advancing to the World Finals will be comprised of the same three members as when it qualified. In the event that a team member is unwilling, unable or unfit to compete in the World Finals, the coach must notify the ICPC Manager in a timely manner. A team member who is unwilling or unfit to compete in the World Finals will be disqualified from further ICPC competitions. The team member may appeal disqualification to the Appeals Committee.

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At on-site registration, participants must provide picture ID (passport, drivers license, etc). Contestants must show proof of enrollment at the university during the term of the regional contest at which they qualified. A letter on university stationary with the signature of a university official accompanied by an English translation is sufficient.

2009 Regional Contest GuidelinesPractice ContestDate: 31/10/2009

Practice Contest 1 Time: 11:30 AM to 01:00 PM

Practice Contest 2 Time: 09:00 PM to 10:30 PM

Final ContestDate: 01/11/2009

Time: 08:30 AM to 01:30 PM

Team Reporting Time: 07:45 AM at the entrance of contest arena.

Guidelines and Instructions1. Teams may use 25 pages (or 12.5 double-sided sheets) of their own reference materials in the

contest arena. The team must submit this material at time of registration in hard copy form or one ISO CD-ROM, called the Team Reference CD, labeled with your team name and university’s. The CD must contain only one file, a PDF of your Team REFERENCE Document. The CD and PDF must not contain any active components or scripts. Print out of this material will be made available for the team during the final contest.

2. Contestants may not bring any machine-readable versions of software or data to the contest arena. Contestants may not bring their own computers, computer terminals or calculators. It is the intent that contestants enter the Finals area clothed with no carry-ins except personalization items such as hats, stuffed mascots, and such.

3. Upon entering the contest arena, do not touch the work station or other facilities provided in the contest environment. Wait for instructions from the Contest Manager.

4. Each team will have a single workstation.

5. Team will be provided with the following items at the contest arena:

o Teams’ 25 page reference material.

o Printout of contest problem set.

o Work station and Mooshak Login credentials.

o Rough paper and pen

6. All the queries related to the problem set and Mooshak contest server should be asked of the judges via Mooshak.

7. A contestant may submit a claim of ambiguity or error in a problem statement by submitting a clarification request to a judge. If the judges agree that an ambiguity or error exists, a clarification will be issued to all contestants.

8. Any needs or queries related to contest environment may be asked of the lab volunteers (Interaction with the volunteers must be minimum during the final contest).

9. Keep all discussions within the team.

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10. Communication between teams is not permitted during the contest.

11. Only one team will be permitted to go out of the contest arena at any given time.

12. Documentation for STL and Java will be provided.

13. Judges’ decisions are final.

14. While the contest is scheduled for five hours, the regional contest director has the authority to alter the length of the contest in the event of unforeseen difficulties. Should the contest duration be altered, every attempt will be made to notify contestants in a timely and uniform manner.

15. A team may be disqualified by the regional contest director for any activity that jeopardizes the contest such as dislodging extension cords, unauthorized modification of contest materials, or distracting behavior.

16. During the contest the contestants can make clarification requests on the problem statements. The clarification request must exactly identify the part of the problem statement that the team considers ambiguous, together with the possible interpretations. The Jury encourages contestants to use the sample input and output for resolving (apparent) ambiguities.

17. When the Jury responds to the clarification request, the team receives its “Clarification Request” with the answer. If the clarification request is incorrect or the answer is clear from the problem description, the Jury answers “No comments”. If the Jury agrees that there is an ambiguity or error in the problem statement, a clarification will be issued to all teams.

18. At least six problems will be posed. So far as possible, problems will avoid dependence on detailed knowledge of a particular applications area or particular contest language.

19. During the contest, teams solve the posed problems. A solution is a program (single source file, not executable) on one of the allowed programming languages. Different problems may be solved using different programming languages.

20. Solutions are submitted for judging during the contest using the contest software. Solutions to problems that were submitted for judging are called runs. Immediately after submission of any run, the team may continue to work on other problems. A minimum time of 2 minutes between submission runs will be enforced.

21. Runs are NOT allowed to: o access the network;

o work with any files except those explicitly specified in the problem statement;

o attack system security;

o execute other programs and create new processes;

o change file system permissions;

o work with subdirectories;

o create or manipulate any GUI items (windows, dialog boxes, etc);

o work with external devices (sound, printer, etc);

o do anything else that can stir up the evaluating process and the contest. 22. All submissions are open to scrutiny by anyone – in fact, we may publish all submissions on our

website, where anyone may access them.

23. Run Evaluation: Each run is judged as accepted or rejected.

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o The run is evaluated by executing it on a secret set of tests, common for all teams. A run is accepted, only if it gives correct answers to all tests.

o Evaluation is performed automatically, that is why a program should respect formats of input and output files described in the problem statement. If not explicitly stated otherwise, all input data are considered to be correct and satisfying all restrictions from the problem statement.

24. The time limit is the maximum execution time for the set of test.

25. The memory limit is the maximum amount of memory that a run may utilize.

26. The possible outcomes are listed in the following table

Outcome Comment Possible causesCompilation error Executable file was not created Syntax error in the program; after compilation. Wrong language specified for the program; Most compiler warnings.

Time limit exceeded The program exceeded the allowed time limit. Inefficient solution.

Memory limit exceeded The program exceeded the allowed memory limit. Inefficient solution.

Security Violation The program violates the contest rules. Purposeful rules violation (the violating team is disqualified in this case).

Run time error The program terminates with non-zero exit code. Runtime error;’return (non- zero)’ statement in C/C++ main function; ’System. exit (non-zero)’ statement in Java; Uncaught exception.

Presentation error The contest software cannot check output Output format is not correct; because it does not match the appropriate format. No output or wrong output file name. Wrong answer The answer is not correct. The solution is not correct.

Accepted Run is accepted. The solution is correct.

The possible outcomes in the table are listed in their order of priority. For example, if runtime error has occurred, then output is not checked.

Special Note: An invalid function is generated if main does not return 0, and this is considered an error. Invalid function may also be generated by Mooshak on other rare occasions as a catchall error when it does not quite know how to classify an errored submission.

Practice Contest1. Practice contest aims to make contestant familiar with the contest environment. This is not a

contest to check the skill of contestants.2. Learn about the Contest Server Mooshak. 3. You can submit the solution more than once to learn more about the error status generated by

the Contest Server Mooshak. 4. Check if all the software (Editor, debugger etc) that may be used during the contest is available in the

contestants machine.

5. Use the feedback form available to report about the changes required or issues faced.

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ICPC Ranking Rules• Theproblemisconsideredsolvedbytheteam,ifitisacceptedbythecontestsoftware,notrejected

by the Jury.• Thetimeconsumedforasolvedproblemisthetimeelapsedfromthebeginningofthecontesttothe

submission of the first accepted run for this problem (in minutes) plus 20 minutes for every other run for this problem before the accepted one. For an unsolved problem no time consumed is computed.

• Thetotaltimeisthesumofthetimeconsumedforeachproblemsolved.• Teamsarerankedaccordingtothenumberofsolvedproblems.Teamsthatsolvethesamenumber

of problems are ranked by the least total time and, if need be, by the earliest time of submittal of the last accepted run.

• Contestantsandobserverswillseepreliminaryresultsofallteamsduringthecontest.Contestantsmay see the results on their computers, observers - on the monitor outside the competition area.

• Accordingtothetraditionsofthecompetition,toencourageinterestintheawardceremony,updatingofthe current information on results will be stopped 45 minutes before the end of the contest.

Complaints, Appeals, and Remedies • TheJuryissolelyresponsiblefordeterminingthecorrectnessofruns.Itsdecisionsarefinaland

may not be appealed. • If irregularitiesormisconductareobservedduringthecontest, teammembersorcoachesshould

bring them to the attention of the contest officials so that action may be taken as soon as possible.

Operating System: Linux Ubuntu 8.04Language: C/C+/JavaCompilers: gcc / javacVersion: gcc - 4.2.4; javac - jdk6.0Command Line: g++ -Wno-deprecated -w <filename.cpp> gcc -w -lm <filename.c>

Compile: javac -g:none -Xlint -nowarn <filename.java>Execute: java -client -Xmx64m <filename>Editors Available1. vim Version - 7.12. gedit Version - 2.22.3 3. emacs Version - 21.4.14. kate Version - 2.5.105. kdevelop Version - 3.5.3 6. Net Beans Version - 6.77. Ecllipse Version - 3.5

Debuggers1. gdb Version - 6.82. ddd Version - 3.3.03. valgrind Version - 3.3.11

Documentation 1. Default Man pages in Linux2. Java Documentation3. C++ Standard Template Libraries

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The Amrita – ICPC TeamHonorary Chairs:Brahmachari Abhayamrita Chaitanya, Pro Chancellor, Amrita UDr Venkat P Rangan, Vice Chancellor, Amrita UBr. Sudeep, Director, Amrita U, Amritapuri Campus.Dr K B M Nambudiripad, Dean, Amrita U, Amritapuri CampusDr Balakrishnan Shanker, Associate Dean, Amrita U, Amritapuri CampusDr K Sankaran, Principal, School of Engineering, Amrita U, Amritapuri CampusDr Ramachandra Kaimal, Chairman, Department of CSE, IT & CSA, Amritapuri CampusProf. P N Kumar, Chairman, Department of CSE, Amrita U, Coimbatore CampusProf. K Gangadharan, Chairman, Department of IT, Amrita U, Coimbatore CampusProf. K Sangeetha Iyer, Chairman, Department of CSE, Amrita U, Bangalore CampusBri. Praveena, Vice Chair, Department of CSA, Amritapuri CampusMs. Geetha M, Vice Chair, Department of IT, Amritapuri CampusMs. Sandhya Harikumar, Vice Chair, Department of CSE, Amritapuri Campus

Regional Contest DirectorProf. Vallath Nandakumar, Amritapuri Campus

Associate Site DirectorBr. Anand Shenoy, Department of CS & Applications, Amritapuri Campus

Publicity ChairsP K Binu & Kavitha K R, Department of CS & Applications, Amritapuri Campus

Registration ChairArchana K Rajan, Department of IT, Amritapuri Campus Co-chairs: Dhanya K, Sreelekshmi K O, Indulekha T S, Department of CS & Applications, Amritapuri Campus

Systems ChairAnoop V K, Manager, Systems & Networks, Amritapuri Campus

Chief JudgeHarsha Suryanarayana, Bangalore

Travel & TransportChair: P K Binu, Department of CS & Applications, Amritapuri CampusCo-Chairs: P K Soumya, Department of IT, Amritapuri Campus, Reshma Rajendran, Admission Office, Amritapuri Campus

AccommodationChair: Br. Abhiram, Department of CSE, Amritapuri CampusCo-Chairs: Suhas M Kurup, Jyothi L, Anjali T, Department of IT, Amritapuri Campus. P Jayakumar, Department of CS & Applications, Amritapuri Campus

Food & RefreshmentsChair: Harikumar Kartha, Administrative Office, Amritapuri CampusCo-Chair: Dinesh Kumar, Guest Room, Amritapuri Campus

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Stage CoordinationChairs: Sathyaraj P E, Senior Lab Administrator, ICTS, Amritapuri CampusRanjith T, Central Library, Amritapuri Campus

Opening Ceremony & Valedictory FunctionChair: Geetha M, Department of IT, Amritapuri CampusCo-Chair: Sai Laxmi, Department of CSE, Amritapuri Campus

Certificates & Award CeremonyChairs: Jyothi L & Anjali T, Department of IT, Amritapuri Campus, Surya, Department of CSE, Amritapuri Campus

Contest EnvironmentAnish Chandran, Remya Velayudhan, Department of CSE, Amritapuri Campus

Cultural ProgrammeChair: M G Thushara, Department of CS & Applications, Amritapuri CampusCo-Chairs: Resmi T R, Amrita Gomathy, Department of CSA, Amritapuri Campus

Outdoor EntertainmentChair: P K Binu, Department of CS & Applications, Amrita U, Amritapuri CampusCo-Chairs: Sathyaraj P E, Senior Lab Administrator, ICTS, Amritapuri CampusRanjith T, Central Library, Amritapuri Campus

MultimediaRatheesh N R, Amrita Multimedia, Amritapuri CampusRanjith N S, Amrita Multimedia, Amritapuri CampusJailal S, Amrita Multimedia, Amritapuri CampusJagadeesh T, Amrita Multimedia, Amritapuri CampusSarath Chandran K S, Amrita Multimedia, Amritapuri Campus

WebsiteManeesh M, ICTS, Amritapuri Campus

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About Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham(University under Sec. 3 of UGC Act 1956)

Mission: To provide value-based education and mould the character of the younger generation through a system of wholesome learning, so that their earnest endeavor to achieve progress and prosperity in life is matched by an ardent desire to extend selfless service to society, one complementing the other.Youngsters need to understand the purpose of life. They need courage and wisdom to face the challenges of life. With that understanding they become the light of the world. If we care for them responsibly, moulding their whole character with love, then the future of the world will be safe.

– AmmaAmrita Educational Institutions: The Temples of LearningAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham or Amrita University is a multi-campus and multi-disciplinary teaching and research university offering over a hundred different programs, including bachelors, masters and doctoral. About thirteen thousand students are currently enrolled in one of its five campuses spread across three southern states of India - Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. The university has eighteen schools, including Schools of Arts and Sciences, Ayurveda, Biotechnology, Communication, Dentistry, Education, Engineering, Mangement, Medicine, Nursing and Pharmacy. The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has accredited the university with its highest grade “A”.Amrita University was started by the renowned humanitarian leader, Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi, also affectionately known world-wide as Amma. Amma, who has dedicated her life for the upliftment of humanity through selfless service, is the Chancellor of the university. She is approachable to one and all, and indeed the management, faculty and staff, students, even their parents regularly seek Amma’s personal attention and guidance. Amrita University continues to grow from strength to strength under Amma’s guidance.A developing nation such as ours should offer sufficient opportunities for higher education to the youth of our nation. In addition, the need of the hour is also to promote scientific research, an area in which our nation is not yet on par with other developed nations. In the past, India was known as a place for learning. Students from all over the world studied in ancient Indian universities. Amrita University aims to become a top center for learning and research, so that the nation can once again flourish as a place of knowledge.With this goal in mind, Amrita University provides quality education for large numbers of students. Programs are offered in engineering, arts, sciences, medicine and allied fields, ayurveda, biotechnology, management, journalism, social work and research is actively promoted in these areas. Areas of specialization have been introduced keeping in mind India’s National Development Plans. These include Medical Informatics, Computational Engineering, Cyber Security, Clinical Research, Head and Neck Oncology, Nanosciences; all areas in need of skilled personnel in India.The Mata Amritanandamayi (MA) Math is the Holding Trust of Amrita University. The Math is known for the charitable activities it has initiated all over the country and in different parts of the world. The Math also runs over fifty higher secondary schools in different states of India. The Math supports these educational institutions to foster the development of such individuals, who are imbibed with the highest values, in tune with the cultural ethos and traditions of our country. More than a hundred years ago, Swami Vivekananda remarked, “We want that education by which character is formed and strength of mind is increased.” At Amrita University, we are doing our part to make this happen.

Directions to arrive at the campus from the North By Air and Taxi: Cochin (Kochi) International Airport at Nedumbassery is situated 140 kilometres north of the campus. One can ask for a pre-paid taxi to Amrita University, Amritapuri. By Train: Kayamkulam is the closest train station situated 12 kilometres north of the campus. After disembarking, one can hire an autorickshaw to come to the campus. The ride takes about 20 minutes. Buses are also available from Kayamkulam bus stand to Vallickavu Junction, which is about a five-minute walk from the campus. By Bus: From the Ernakulam Transport Bus-Stand, one may board a bus going towards Trivandrum via Alappuzha, and alight at Ochira. From Ochira, an autorickshaw can be taken to bring one directly to

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campus, which is 6 km away from Ochira. Or one may board a bus going to Vallickavu Junction, which is about a five-minute walk from the campus. Directions to arrive at the campus from the South By Air and Taxi: The closest airport is Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram), located 110 kilometers south of Amritapuri. One can ask for a pre-paid taxi to Amrita University, Amritapuri. By Train: Karunagapally is the closest train station situated 10 kilometres south of the campus. After disembarking, one can hire an autorickshaw to come to the campus. The ride takes about 20 minutes. Bus service is also available from Karunagapally. By Bus: From the Trivandrum Transport Bus-Stand, one may board a bus going towards Ernakulam via Kollam and alight at Karunagappally. From Karunagappally, a bus going to Vallickavu Junction can be taken, which is about a five-minute walk from the campus.Important: Team members reaching the onsite directly are requested to reach the international head quarters of Mata Amritanandamayi Math for accommodation. Our ICPC student volunteers in the Accommodation Desk will guide you to your room.

Interesting places in Kollam districtAccessing Kollam:Telephone access code: +91-474Air: Nearest airport: Thiruvananthapuram (71 km), Rail: Kollam is an important railhead of the Southern Railways. Enquiry Ph: 131, Road: KSRTC, Central Bus Stn. Ph: 2752008

Kottukal Rock Cut Cave Temple (11 km from Chadayamangalam):This temple situated on the Thiruvananthapuram - Kottayam MC Road is an idyllic example of rock cut temple architecture.

Jatayupara:A huge rock at Chadayamangalam takes its name from the mythical bird Jatayu in the epic Ramayana, who is believed to have collapsed on the rock after failing in his attempts to thwart Ravana’s kidnapping of Sita.Sasthamkotta (29 km from Kollam town)This vast fresh water lake surrounded by hills on three sides is the largest of its kind in Kerala. The ancient Sastha Temple which lends its name to the town, is an important pilgrim centre. There are frequent bus services from Kollam. Accommodation is available at the PWD Rest House.Thenmala (66 km east of Kollam)Covered by dense forest, rubber and tea plantations, Thenmala is home to India’s first planned eco-tourism project. Selected by World Tourism Organisation as one of the world’s best eco-friendly projects, Thenmala has a leisure zone that includes winding pathways, a sway bridge and a boardwalk; a culture zone with an amphitheatre and a musical fountain and an adventure zone. For details contact: Ph: 0471-2329770.Palaruvi Waterfalls (75 km from Kollam town)Palaruvi which means stream of milk makes its way down the rocks, from a height of 300 feet. The Palaruvi wood is a beautiful picnic spot. The PWD Inspection Bungalow and the KTDC Motel offer comfortable accommodation. Other attractions: Trekking to the waterfalls, bathing in the river.Picnic VillageThis village located at Ashramam, along the backwater front, is the main centre for recreational activities in Kollam. A 200 year old Government Guest House, an Adventure Park, a Tourist Boat Club, a Children’s Traffic Park and a Yatri Nivas are all housed in this vast tourist complex.

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2009 ACM ICPC Regional Contest – Asia Amritapuri Site Participating Teams

Team Institution State/Country Shinigami Amrita University -Amritapuri Campus Kerala Amritapuri13 Amrita University -Amritapuri Campus Kerala Clean Sweep Amrita University -Bangalore Campus Karnataka Prima Legion Amrita University -Ettimadai Campus Tamil Nadu ceg5g1 Anna University - College of Engg. Guindy Tamil Nadu Apeejay_loopers Apeejay College of Engineering Haryana Pulverizers Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani -Goa Campus Goa 28N75E Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani -Pilani Campus Rajasthan DECODERS Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi Jharkhand phoenixD J Sanghvi College of Engineering, Mumbai Maharashtra N.O.O.B.S. Delhi College of Engineering, New Delhi New Delhi Prodigies Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gandhinagar Gujarat MadMen Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology, West Bengal West Bengal kracked dudes Government Engineering College, Wayanad Kerala Hindustan CodeGurus Hindustan College of Engineering, Chennai Tamil Nadu missingDigit Indian Institute of Information Technology & Management, Gwalior MadhyaPradesh DareToCode Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad Uttar Pradesh The CodeBreakers Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad Uttar Pradesh concept Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad Uttar Pradesh RYN Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Brahmaastra Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay Maharashtra nathrazim Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay Maharashtra fighters Indian Institute of Technology - Guwahati Assam Forty Two Indian Institute of Technology - Madras Tamil Nadu Dark Knights Indian Institute of Technology - Madras Tamil Nadu Deep Blue Indian Institute of Technology - Madras Tamil Nadu aDcoDmaC Indian Institute of Technology - Roorkee Uttarakhand Silent Assasins Institute of Engineering and Management, Calcutta West Bengal Geekzillas Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi Uttar Pradesh Magik International Institute of Information Technology - Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh Dream International Institute of Information Technology - Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh codebreakers Karunya University, Coimbatore Tamil Nadu TRINITY L B S College of Engineering , Kasaragod Kerala Conflicker M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore Karnataka Ckrackers Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai Tamil Nadu CSpirits 2 Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai Tamil Nadu Fast N Furious Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi Tamil Nadu SEGFAULTZ National Institute of Technology - Calicut Kerala Brute-Force-Noobs National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal Karnataka

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CounterGambit National Institute of Technology,Trichy Tamil Nadu FireWall National Institute of Technology,Trichy Tamil Nadu Algo Brothers P E S Institute of Technology, Bangalore Karnataka Wizards Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat Gujarat alcodex SASTRA University, Thanjavur Tamil Nadu POROLUCA Sathyabama University, Chennai Tamil Nadu codemutants School of Engineering,Cochin unversity of Science and Technolgy Kerala Oasis Sogang University, South Korea South Korea SCAU_Bumblebee South China Agricultural University, China China SCT_ONE Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram Kerala returnVoid Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Chennai Tamil Nadu CodeOrange Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai Maharashtra CIPHERS The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur Rajasthan UIET University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra UniversityHaryana DU Dark Shadows University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Bangladesh TeamSuperAwesomeWolfSquadron University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Rookies Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai Maharashtra TeckMonks Velammal Engineering College, Chennai Tamil Nadu napsters Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Tamil Nadu